MGMT 340

Henry Mintzberg has identified several managerial roles that fit into the three specific categories what are each of these roles? What do they mean?

A) Interpersonal B) Informational C) Decisional

Describe the roles of a manager within an organization

A) Make decisions B) Allocate resources C) Direct activities of others to attain goals

Identify some internally caused behaviors?

Behaviors that are under the control of a person

According to the test our perception is biased - identify the different errors we make in judgment

Fundamental Attribution Error: The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behavior of others. Self-Serving Bias: The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Is there a link between intelligence and job satisfaction?

No

Why is it important for managers to understand and deal with emotions in the workplace?

To avoid deviant work place

What are the differences between men and women in decision making?

Women tend to analyze the problem carefully and are very careful in their decisions while men are fast at taking decisions.

Can a supportive environment be created by managers? How?

Yes by voice in decision and fairness

Why is perception behaviorally important?

Yes, car example

What were the findings of Fred Luthan's study of manager

• Among managers who were successful, networking made the largest relative contribution to success, and human resource management activities made the least relative contribution.

What is emotional labor

• An employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.

Define affective events theory?

• An event in the work environment triggers positive or negative emotional reactions

Define cognitive dissonance - How would you apply it at work?

• Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. • If you have a hard time at work and you talk to your colleagues about it, then things will get better for you.

Do managers need technical skills? How does your text book defines technical skills?

• As managers go up the pyramid (getting promoted), the less technical skills you use and will do more people skills (communicating, leadership). • Technical skills encompass the ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.

Define Attitudes

• Attitudes are evaluative statements - either favorable or unfavorable - about objects, people, or events.

Define gender discrimination? How does it affect younger women?

• Choosing men over woman is gender discrimination • Woman earn less money than men at the same job-level

Identify the components of an attitude

• Cognitive Component: The opinion or belief segment of an attitude. • Affective Component: The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude. • Behavioral Component: An intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

Define Machiavellianism

• Degree to which an individual is pragmatic (realistic), maintains emotional distance, and believes that ends can justify means.

What are the characteristics of High Mach personality type?

• Direct interaction • Minimal rules and regulations • Emotions distract

Define emotions and moods

• Emotions: Are intense feelings directed at someone or something. • Moods: Are less intense feelings than emotions and often arise without a specific event acting as a stimulus.

What are the effects of job dissatisfaction?

• Exit: Behavior directed toward leaving the organization. • Voice: Active and constructive attempts to improve conditions. • Loyalty: Passively waiting for conditions to improve. • Neglect: Allowing conditions to worsen.

Define the Big Five model

• Extroversion: Sociable, gregarious, and assertive • Agreeableness: Good-natured, cooperative, trusting • Conscientiousness: Responsible, dependable, persistent, and organized • Emotional Stability: Calm, self-confident, secure (positive) versus nervous, depressed, and insecure (negative). • Openness to Experience: Imaginativeness, artistic, sensitivity, and intellectualism

Identify the personality types in the MBTI - define each

• Extroverted vs. Introverted • Sensing vs. Intuitive • Thinking vs. Feeling • Judging vs. Percieving

What is the difference between displayed and felt emotions?

• Felt: The individual's actual emotions. • Displayed: Required or appropriate emotions.

Identify the different forms of discrimination. Define Harassment, Exclusion and Mockery

• Harassment: Unwanted sexual advances and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature that create a hostile or offensive work environment. • Exclusion: Exclusion of certain people from job opportunities, social events discussions, or informal mentoring; can occur unintentionally. • Mockery: Jokes or negative stereotypes; sometimes the result of jokes taken too far.

Define Festinger's research on behavior and attitude.

• He argued that attitudes follow behavior.

Define job involvement

• Identifying with the job, actively participating in it, and considering performance important to self-worth

Define Hofstede's Framework for individualistic vs. collective culture.

• Individualism is the degree which people prefer to act as individuals rather than as members of groups and believe in an individual's rights above all else. • Collectivism emphasizes a tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them.

What are interpersonal skills, conceptual skills & human skills.

• Interpersonal skills: skills used by a person to interact with others properly. • Conceptual skills: the mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. • Human skills: The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups

How does the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, protect disabled persons with physical and mental disabilities- identify some disabilities.

• It requires employers to make reasonable accommodations for people with psychiatric disabilities • Examples: Missing limbs, seizure disorder, Down syndrome, deafness, schizophrenia, alcoholism, diabetes, depression, and chronic back pain.

Define Stereotyping

• Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs.

What legislation does the U.S. have against age discrimination?

• Legislation has, for all intents and purposes, outlawed mandatory retirements.

Identify the difference between low self-monitoring and High self monitoring individuals.

• Low self-monitoring: Tend to display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation • High self-monitoring: Show considerable adaptability in adjusting their behavior to external situational factors.

Identify the major challenges for managers in a networked organization?

• Motivating and leading people and making collaborative decisions online require different techniques than when individuals are physically present in a single location.

What are the reasons for Deviant work place behavior?

• Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization)

What is Workforce diversity? Why is it important?

• One of the most important challenges for organizations is workforce diversity, a trend by which organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of employees' gender, age, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and other characteristics.

What influences our perception?

• Perceiver • Target • Context

What are some sources of moods and emotions?

• Personality • Day and Time of the Week • Weather • Stress • Social Activities • Sleep • Exercise • Age • Gender

Identify the components of Hofstede's framework for assessing culture

• Power distance: The extent to which a society accepts that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally. • Individualism: The degree to which people prefer to act as individuals rather than a member of groups. • Collectivism: A tight social framework in which people expect others in groups of which they are a part to look after them and protect them. • Achievement: The extent to which societal values are characterized by assertiveness, materialism and competition. • Nurturing: The extent to which societal values emphasize relationships and concern for others. • Uncertainty Avoidance: The extent to which a society feels threatened by uncertain and ambiguous situations and tries to avoid them.

What are some of the effects of positive moods?

• Productivity • Creativity • Greater job satisfaction • Positive towards customers & co-workers

What is the difference between Surface and deep-level diversity?

• Surface-level diversity represents the characteristics that are easily observed such as race, gender, age etc. • Deep-level diversity represents the aspects that are more difficult to see at first glance such as values, personality, and work preferences.

What skills do managers need in today's workplace?

• Technical Skills • Human Skills • Conceptual Skills

How is job satisfaction measured?

• The single global rating is a response to one question, such as "All things considered, how satisfied are you with your job? Respondents circle a number between 1 and 5 on a scale from "highly satisfied" to "highly dissatisfied". • The summation of job facets, which is more sophisticated. It identifies key elements in a job such as type of work, skills needed, supervision, present pay, promotion opportunities, culture, and relationships with coworkers.

Define Personality

• The sum total of ways in which an individual reacts and interacts with others.

Define Self Serving Bias - How is it different from anchoring bias?

• The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors. • Anchoring Bias: Fixating on early, first received information.

What are MBTI designation for Thinking/Feeling, Sensing and Intuitive

• Thinking - Feeling, represents how a person processes information. Thinking means that a person makes a decision mainly through logic. Feeling means that, as a rule, he or she makes a decision based on emotion, i.e. based on what they feel they should do. • Sensing - Intuition, represents the method by which someone perceives information. Sensing means that a person mainly believes information he or she receives directly from the external world. Intuition means that a person believes mainly information he or she receives from the internal or imaginative world.

Define Confirmation Bias

• Using only the facts that support our decision (failure analysis w/o customer input)

Define the Attribution theory

• When individuals observe behavior, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.

What is the link between attitude and behavior?

• When there is a dissonance, people will alter either with the attitudes or the behavior, or they will develop a rationalization for the discrepancy.