MGMT 363 ch 5

Type A behavior

- having a strong sense of time urgency and tend to be impatient, hard driving, competitive, controlling, aggressive, and even hostile - may have a direct influence on the level of stressors that a person confronts ' - influences stress process - directly linked to coronary heart disease and other physiological, psychological, and behavioral strains

Benign job demands

- job demands that tend not to be appraised as stressful - day-to-day circumstances

What is the most stressful life event? least stressful?

- loss of a spouse - minor violations of the law

role overload

- occurs when the number of demanding roles a person holds is so high that the person simply cannot perform some or all of the roles very effectively ex. lawyers **** more prevalent one

Hindrance stressors

-stressful demands that are perceived as hindering progress toward personal accomplishments or goal attainment - trigger negative emotions such as anger and anxiety

Challenge stressors

-stressful demands that people tend to perceive as opportunities for learning, growth, and achievement. - create positive emotions such as pride and enthusiasm

What are the 3 different stages of GAS

1. Alarm reaction: the stressor "sinks in" immediately thereafter, the body activates several defense mechanisms to resist and counteract the stressor. 2. resistance: increased arousal of the mind and body helps the person respond and adapt to the demand 3. exhaustion: prolonged or repeated exposure to the stressor could cause the body to break down, and exhaustion and even death may occur

What are the 2 different types of coping?

1. Behavioral 2. cognitive

Non work challenge stressors

1. Family time demands 2. Personal development 3. Positive life events

What are the 3 different types of strains

1. Physiological 2. Psychological 3.Behavioral

What are the different focuses of coping?

1. Problem focused coping 2. Emotion focused coping

Non work hinderance stressors

1. Work-family conflict 2. negative life events 3. financial uncertainty

Some ways to reduce strains

1. relaxation techniques 2. cognitive-behavioral techniques 3. health and wellness programs

Types of work hinderance stressors

1. role conflict 2. role ambiguity 3. role overload 4. Daily hassles

Types of work challenge stressors.

1. time pressure 2. work complexity 3. work responsibility

types of stress management include providing resources like?

1. training interventions 2.supportive practices

Two different types of social support

1.instrumental support 2. emotional support

Challenge stressors relationships?

Challenger stressors have a WEAK positive relationship to job performance MODERATE positive relationship with organizational commitment

Which one would managers most likely want subordinates to cope with?

Problem focused. they want them to work harder rather than emotional

type B

a lot more calm, laid back

training interventions

aimed at increasing job related competencies and skills

role conflict

conflicting expectations that people may have of us. ex. call center operator

stressors

demands that cause people to experience stress

Psychological strains

depression, anxiety, anger, hostility, irritability, inability to think clearly, forgetfulness ** loss of sense of humor

positive life events

ex. marriage, the addition of a ew family member, graduating from school are stressful in their own way.

Transactional theory of stress

explains how stressors are perceived and appraised, as well as how people respond to those perceptions and appraisals

sabbatical

gives employees the opportunity to take time off from work to engage in an alternative activity ** usually experience the same amount of stress after sabbatical

behavioral strains

grinding ones teeth at night, being overly critical and bossy, excessive smoking, compulsive gum chewing, over use of alcohol

supportive practices

help employees manage and balance the demands that exist in the different roles they have

hindrance stressors relationships??

hindrance stressors have a WEAK NEGATIVE relationship to job performance - result in strains and negative emotions that reduce the overall level of energy and attention that people could otherwise bring to their job duties ** Hindrance stressors have a STRONG NEGATIVE relationship to Organizational commitment - evoke strains, which are generally dissatisfying to people, and satisfaction has a strong impact on the degree to which people feel committed to their organization

Physiological strains

illness, high blood pressure, back pain, stomach aches * affect 4 systems of the human body

behavioral coping

involves the set of physical activities that are used to deal with a stressful situation ex. working faster or coming in late or leaving to avoid the problem

stress audit

managers ask questions about the nature of the jobs in their organization to estimate whether high stress levels may be a problem

personal development

participation in formal education programs, participation in local government, or volunteer work.

stress

psychological response to demands that possess certain stakes for the person and that tax or exceed the persons capacity or resources

Work family conflict

refers to a special form of role conflict in which the demands of a work role hinder the fulfillment of the demands in a family role (or vice versa)

Time pressure

refers to a strong sense that the amount of time you have to do the task is just not quite enough **HUGE PUSH

problem focused coping

refers to behaviors and cognitions intended to manage the stressful situation itself

Financial uncertainty

refers to conditions that create uncertainties with regard to the loss of livelihood, savings, or the ability to pay expenses.

Coping

refers to the behaviors and thoughts that people use to manage both the stressful demands that they face and the emotions associated with those stressful demands.

Work complexity

refers to the degree to which the requirements of the work, in terms of knowledge, skills, and abilities,tax or exceed the capabilities of the person who is responsible for performing the work. **job is challenging

emotional support

refers to the help people receive in addressing the emotional distress that accompanies stressful demands - listening

Instrumental support

refers to the help people receive that can be used to address the stressful demand directly - someone taking over some of your work to reduce the load

Social support

refers to the help that people receive when they are confronted with stressful demands ** moderator of the relationship between strains and stressors

role ambiguity

refers to the lack of information regarding what needs to be done in role, as well as unpredictability regarding the consequences of performance in that role. - person can play multiple roles. ex. new employee

work responsibility

refers to the nature of the obligations that a person has to others **meaningfulness, level of responsibility ex. air traffic controller

cognitive coping

refers to the thoughts that are involved in trying to deal with a stressful situation ex thinking of ways to accomplish the work more efficiently or convincing your self the problem isnt that bad

emotion focused coping

refers to the various ways in which people manage their own emotional reactions to stressful demands

daily hassles

reflects the relativity minor day-to-day demands that get in the way of accomplishing the things that we really want to accomplish ex. paperwork *** about 40% of executives spend about 1/2 to a full day each week on communication that is not useful

Family time demands

reflects the time that a person commits to participation in an array of family activities and responsibilities - may have trouble switching work mode off and going home

General Adaptation syndrome (GAS)

suggests that the body has a set of responses that allow it to adapt and function effectively in the face of stressful demands

Burnout

the emotional mental and physical exhaustion that results from having to cope with stressful demands on an ongoing basis *** psychological strain result

strains

the negative consequences that occur when demands tax or exceed a persons capacity or resources.

Negative life events

they hinder the ability to achieve life goals and are associated with negative emotions

job sharing

two people acts as a single performing unit

Secondary appraisal

when people ask "What can I do" to deal with the situation ** coping

Primary appraisal

when people first encounter stressors, this process is triggered - occurs when people evaluate the significance and then meaning of the stressor they're confronting.