MGMT 4320 Practice 11

What type of thinking is described by Daniel Kahneman as intuitive and unconscious thought?

System 1

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on tasks and technical concerns have the ____________ decision-making style.

analytical

People who have a directive decision style:

are decisive and action oriented like to focus on facts

Characteristics of the rational decision-making model include the assumption that managers:

are objective possess all information needed to make the best decision

What is a form of computing that allows machines to perform cognitive functions similar to the way humans do?

artificial intelligence (AI)

People who prefer to avoid conflict and focus strongly on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the ____________ style of decision making.

behavioral

True or false: An assumption of the nonrational decision making models is that managers possess all of the information needed to make optimal decisions.

false

Which of the following are disadvantages of big data? (Check all that apply.)

leaked private information cybersecurity breaches

The least effective way to use evidence-based decision making is to:

support a decision made intuitively

What is one thing managers can do to improve their decision making?

Avoid decision-making biases by becoming aware of them.

What can an individual do to make better decisions?

Develop critical thinking skills. Examine past decisions for the influence of biases. Assess decision-making styles.

Research indicates that most managers have multiple decision-making styles and that those styles are based on:

age. gender. nationality.

Which of the following is most likely to spark creativity?

being bored

A technique used for solving problems, generating creative ideas for new products, and removing performance roadblocks is:

brainstorming

How can an individual or group avoid making mistakes in the decision-making process?

by reviewing past biases and influences by examining past decisions by understanding judgmental heuristics

People who have a low tolerance for ambiguity and are task oriented when making decisions have which decision-making style?

directive

The process of conscientiously using the best available data when making managerial decisions is:

evidence-based decision making

Brainstorming is a technique used to help groups generate multiple _______________ and alternatives for solving ________________.

ideas; problems

What are three practical things to consider in the decision-making process?

time constraints routine and frequency information and communication

What are the three ways managers use evidence or data in the decision-making process?

to inform a decision to support a decision to make a decision

What practical consideration might result in an individual rather than the whole group making a decision?

when there is limited time to make the decision

The decision-making model that assumes managers are fully objective and have all the data needed is the:

rational decision model

True or false: The goal of decision making is to find a solution that leads to a desired state of affairs.

true

The extent to which an individual focuses on either task and technical concerns or people and social concerns in making decisions is:

value orientation

Which of the following decision making styles is associated with a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on tasks and technical concerns?

Analytical

Daniel Kahneman describes two types of thinking in his book Thinking, Fast and Slow. Why is System 1 "fast"?

It is automatic. It is instinctive. It relies on mental shortcuts.

List the creative performance behaviors in sequence with the first one at the top.

Problem formulation/definition Preparation/Information gathering Idea generation Idea evaluation/validation

In order to be successful decision makers, what should managers do?

Train employees to conduct effective brainstorming. Identify decision-making styles and build on strengths. Spark creativity among employees.

What are the cognitive shortcuts used to simplify the decision making process called?

What are the cognitive shortcuts used to simplify the decision making process called?

What graphical representation of the process underlying decisions shows the consequences of making various choices?

a decision tree

The sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives in a group is _______________.

cohesiveness

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the ____________ decision making style.

conceptual

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have the _______________ decision making style.

conceptual

People who have a high tolerance for ambiguity and focus on people and the social aspects of a work situation have which of the following decision making styles?

conceptual

The joint novelty and usefulness of a product or service as judged by others is:

creative outcome effectiveness

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is ______________.

creativity

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is _________________.

creativity

The process of producing new and useful ideas concerning products, services, processes, and procedures is:

creativity

When you pinpoint and pick a solution that best solves a problem, this is:

decision making

A(n) ________________ _________________ is a graphical representation of the process underlying decisions that shows the consequences of making various choices.

decision tree

The way an individual perceives stimuli and the general manner in which he or she responds to it is a(n) ________________- _______________ style. (Enter one word in each blank.)

decision-making

The way an individual perceives stimuli and the general manner in which he or she responds to it is a(n):

decision-making style

How can artificial intelligence (AI) help managers enhance business operations?

gaining insight through data analysis managing customer communications automating processes

The phenomenon that occurs when people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action is called ____________.

groupthink

When people who are members of a cohesive in-group so strive for unanimity that they fail to realistically appraise alternative courses of action it is:

groupthink

Evidence-based decision making holds the promise of:

improving performance avoiding decision-making biases

The cognitive biases we use to facilitate the decision-making process are:

judgmental heuristics

Groupthink can result in decisions that:

lack moral judgment fail to realistically evaluate alternative options maintain the cohesiveness of the group

Big data, the vast quantity of data available to decision makers, can

make information more transparent and usable. be used to develop new products and services. enhance productivity.

What models of decision making explain how managers really come to decisions?

nonrational

When all members of a group either agree with a decision or are able to support it, they have:

reached consensus

What are some tips for sparking creativity?

taking a walk doing "nothing" lying on the beach

The extent to which a person has a high need for structure and control in his or her life is known as:

tolerance for ambiguity

True or false: Consensus does not require unanimous agreement.

true

True or false: People's occupations and personality types influence their decision-making styles.

true

People who have the behavioral style of decision making can be characterized as:

working well with others having a hard time saying no to others avoiding conflict