MGMT 495 Ch 8

Charisma has been described as A. A superhuman power. B. An exceptional personality characteristic. C. A special gift within all of us. D. A transactional behavior.

A. A superhuman power. AND B. An exceptional personality characteristic.

Which of the following is not a personality characteristic of charismatic leadership? A. Agreeable. B. Dominant C. Strong moral values. D. Desire to influence.

A. Agreeable.

The idealized influence factor is measured on the following components A. Attributional and behavioral components. B. Charisma and inspirational components. C. Intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration components. D. Positive self-regard and encouraging-the-heart components.

A. Attributional and behavioral components.

Which of the following scholars presented an alternative transformational perspective that included vision, social architect, trust, and positive self-regard? A. Bennis and Nanus B. Graen and Uhl-Bien C. MacGregor Burns D. Kouzes and Posner

A. Bennis and Nanus

Transformational leaders are social architects because they A. Create shared meanings for people within their organizations. B. Maintain social relationships with individuals throughout the organization C. Develop social strategies and techniques. D. Are strong, affable examples for their followers.

A. Create shared meanings for people within their organizations.

Transformational leadership A. Helps followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the group. B. Communicates high expectations. C. Is a process in which leaders and followers exchange efforts for specified rewards D. Is an interactive process in which the leader tries to shift power to those who are being led.

A. Helps followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the group.

Which answer best describes the elements of a model of transformational leadership? A. Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration. B. Laissez-faire, contingent reward, management by exception, corrective transactions C. Supporting, controlling, delegating, directing. D. Forming, storming, norming, performing.

A. Idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, individualized consideration.

Transformational leadership is concerned with A. Improving performance of followers. B. Matching rewards to follower needs. C. Developing followers. D. Leadership for the greater good

A. Improving performance of followers. AND C. Developing followers. AND D. Leadership for the greater good

Which factor in the full model of transformational leadership includes mentoring and helping followers grow through personal challenges? A. Individualized consideration. B. Inspirational motivation. C. Contingent reward. D. Intellectual stimulation.

A. Individualized consideration.

Which produces greater effects than transactional leadership? A. Individualized consideration. B. Contingent reward. C. Management by exception-passive D. Influential.

A. Individualized consideration.

Transformational leadership can be used to A. Influence, followers individually. B. Influence only followers who want this type of leadership. C. Influence whole organizations. D. Influence only leaders who want this type of leadership

A. Influence, followers individually. AND C. Influence whole organizations.

Elena is a sales manager who encourages her employees through motivation to be committed to and a part of the shared vision of the organization. Elena is demonstrating which factor of transformational leadership? A. Inspiration. B. Intellectual stimulation. C. Individualized consideration. D. Idealized.

A. Inspiration.

Hao is a new lawyer in your real estate law firm who comes highly recommended to you because of his high intelligence and experience with real estate law. You encourage him to be creative and use innovation in problem solving when working on cases. You are using which transformational factor? A. Intellectual stimulation. B. Contingent reward. C. Individualized consideration. D. Idealized.

A. Intellectual stimulation.

Transformational leadership A. Is a valuable and widely used approach B. Is not an approach that scholars find useful. C. Is not an approach that practitioners find useful. D. Is an approach used only at the upper-management levels.

A. Is a valuable and widely used approach

The active form of management by exception A. Is slightly more effective than the passive form. B. Is considered non-leadership. C. Is similar to individualized consideration. D. Is enacted only once problems arise.

A. Is slightly more effective than the passive form.

Transformational leadership has been criticized for being elitist and anti-democratic, meaning A. It gives the impression that the leader is acting independently of followers. B. The research supporting transformational leadership was completed only on high-level leaders. C. Followers have the most influence in the organization. D. Leaders only look to leaders in higher positions than themselves for help creating vision.

A. It gives the impression that the leader is acting independently of followers.

Transformational leadership is positively related to A. Job satisfaction. B. Regular bonuses. C. Performance. D. Follower disengagement.

A. Job satisfaction AND C. Performance.

I prefer to wait until the annual performance review time to deliver bad news about poor performance to my followers. I am using A. Management by exception-passive B. Management by exception-active C. Laissez-faire D. Contingent reward.

A. Management by exception-passive

Burns outlined leadership in his seminal work in 1978 and described leadership as A. Quite different from power. B. Quite similar to power. C. Equivalent to power. D. About use of power and authority.

A. Quite different from power.

The model of transformational leadership asserts that transformational leadership motivates followers to do more than expected by A. Raising their consciousness about the value of specified goals. B. Providing specified rewards for good work. C. Encouraging work above and beyond to get promoted. D. Relying on the follower team to work together.

A. Raising their consciousness about the value of specified goals.

Jackson tries every day to show his leadership is consistent with the values of the organization. This instills a strong sense of community and ethics within all levels of the organization. Jackson is demonstrating A. Transformational leadership B. Transactional leadership. C. Pseudotransformational leadership. D. Contingent reward leadership.

A. Transformational leadership

Charismatic leadership is often described as being similar to, or even synonymous with A. Transformational leadership. B. Adaptive leadership. C. Servant leadership. D. Transactional leadership.

A. Transformational leadership.

Transactional leadership is different from A. Transformational leadership. B. Charismatic transformational leadership. C. Contingent reward. D. Management by exception.

A. Transformational leadership. AND B. Charismatic

Transformational leadership is fundamentally morally uplifting. This suggests that A. Use of coercive leadership cannot be considered leadership. B. All transformative leadership has a negative side. C. Using contingent reward cannot be considered leadership. D. Using management by exception cannot be considered leadership.

A. Use of coercive leadership cannot be considered leadership.

To create change, transformational leaders ______. A. Focus on the task at hand. B. Become strong role models for their followers. C. Value out-group members' opinions. D. Leave followers to work on their own.

B. Become strong role models for their followers.

Optimism is a mediating factor in transformational leadership that affects A. Employee job satisfaction. B. Employee engagement C. Employee liking of the supervisor. D. Employee self esteem

B. Employee engagement

The idealized influence factor in the full-range model is considered more effective than A. Individualized consideration. B. Inspirational motivation. C. Intellectual stimulation. D. Contingent reward.

B. Employee engagement

According to House, the following is not one of the specific types of behaviors commonly exhibited by charismatic leaders A. Serving as a strong role model B. Giving structure to complex tasks. C. Articulating ideological goals with moral overtones. D. Arousing emotions.

B. Giving structure to complex tasks.

Which factor describes leaders who communicate high expectations and engage followers to be part of a shared vision? A. Individualized consideration. B. Inspirational motivation. C. Idealized influence. D. Intellectual stimulation.

B. Inspirational motivation.

Which factor of transformational leadership supports followers as they try new approaches and develop innovative ways of dealing with organizational issues? A. Inspirational motivation. B. Intellectual stimulation. C. Idealized consideration. D. Idealized.

B. Intellectual stimulation.

Transactional leadership A. Is not a very common leadership style B. Is found in the bulk of leadership models. C. Is less commonly used than transformational leadership. D. Is used only in military leadership.

B. Is found in the bulk of leadership models.

The continuum of transformational leadership contains A. Two non-intersecting continua B. Is one single continuum. C. Is made up of independent transformational variables. D. Is plotted on X and Y axes to show variable interaction.

B. Is one single continuum.

I am a leader who watches my staff carefully and stops them immediately when they make a mistake. I am using A. Management by exception-passive B. Management by exception-active C. Intellectual stimulation D. Contingent reward.

B. Management by exception-active

Which personality characteristic of charismatic leadership is also a leadership trait? A. Dominance. B. Self-confidence. C. Morality. D. Influential.

B. Self-confidence.

Kouzes and Posner's five practices that enable leaders to get extraordinary things accomplished include all of these except A. Inspire a shared vision. B. Support contingent reward. C. Challenge the process D. Model the way.

B. Support contingent reward.

Which type of leadership is concerned with emotions, values, ethics, standards, and long-term goals? A. Authentic leadership B. Transformational leadership. C. Servant leadership D. Transactional leadership.

B. Transformational leadership.

What type of leader uses creative deployment of self through positive self-regard and emphasizes his or her strengths rather than dwelling on weaknesses? A. Servant. B. Transformational. C. Path-goal D. Transactional.

B. Transformational.

Zhu et al. tried to describe the transformational concept of "moral uplifting" and found A. True transformational leadership negatively effects followers' moral emotions. B. True transformational leadership positively affects followers' moral emotions. C. True transformational leadership positively effects followers' moral actions D. True transformational leadership negatively effects followers' moral actions

B. True transformational leadership positively affects followers' moral emotions. AND C. True transformational leadership positively effects followers' moral actions

Transformational leadership stresses that leaders need to A. Focus first on themselves; then the followers B. Understand the needs of the followers. C. Adapt to the needs of the followers. D. Use transactional leadership for highly motivated followers.

B. Understand the needs of the followers. AND C. Adapt to the needs of the followers.

The full range model of transformational leadership contains how many transformational leadership factors? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 7

C. 4

Management by exception-active is A. A form of transformational leadership. B. The non-leadership factor. C. A form of transactional leadership. D. More effective than contingent reward.

C. A form of transactional leadership.

Which researcher extended House's work on transformational leadership? A. Burns. B. Stogdill C. Bass. D. Greenleaf.

C. Bass

Which of the following strategies did Bennis and Nanus find leaders use in transforming their organizations? A. Merit-based rewards. B. Visible recognition and awards for employees. C. Being predictable and reliable to instill trust D. Challenging the process.

C. Being predictable and reliable to instill trust

Which of the following is not a factor of transformational leadership? A. Intellectual stimulation B. Inspirational motivation. C. Contingent reward. D. Charisma.

C. Contingent reward.

Which of the following is not a criticism of transformational leadership approach? A. Lacks conceptual clarity. B. Has potential to be abused. C. Expensive leadership view. D. Elitist and anti-democratic.

C. Expensive leadership view.

Pseudotransformational leadership A. Aids followers in an exclusively superficial way. B. Is socialized leadership concerned with the collective good C. Focuses on the leaders own interests rather than the interests of others D. Is an ineffective form of leadership

C. Focuses on the leaders own interests rather than the interests of others

Which factor in the full model of transformational leadership is the emotional factor in which leaders act as strong role models for followers? A. Individualized consideration. B. Inspirational motivation. C. Idealized influence. D. Intellectual stimulation.

C. Idealized influence.

Purposely choosing to give a civil rights speech in a location that is symbolic of past civil rights successful actions is an example of a leader using what transformational factor? A. Intellectual stimulation. B. Contingent reward. C. Inspirational motivation. D. Management by exception-active

C. Inspirational motivation.

The challenge the process leadership practice is most similar to which of the transformational factors in the Full Range Model? A. Individualized consideration. B. Idealized influence. C. Intellectual stimulation. D. Inspirational motivation.

C. Intellectual stimulation.

The contingent reward factor A. Is a reciprocal process of mutual influence B. Is a reciprocal process between two followers C. Is a process where follower effort is exchanged for specified rewards. D. Is a negotiated process with equal rewards for follower and leader.

C. Is a process where follower effort is exchanged for specified rewards.

Research on transformational leadership A. Is no longer being conducted. B. Is relatively sparse in modern times. C. Is prolific in modern times. D. Is at least 30 years old.

C. Is prolific in modern times.

Which of the following is a strength of the transformational approach? A. The MLQ has well-established validity. B. It contains trait-like attributes. C. It is widely researched. D. The models are precise.

C. It is widely researched.

Which type of leadership gives no feedback and makes little effort to help followers satisfy their needs? A. Charismatic. B. Transactional. C. Laissez-faire D. Democratic.

C. Laissez-faire

Of the scholar(s) listed below, who argued that true leadership raises the moral values of subordinates? A. Bennis and Nanus B. Graen and Uhl-Bien C. MacGregor Burns D. Kouzes and Posner

C. MacGregor Burns

Contingent reward uses _______ reinforcement, whereas management by exception uses _______ reinforcement. A. Negative; positive B. Neutral; negative C. Positive; negative. D. Negative; neutral

C. Positive; negative.

House notes that charismatic effects are more likely to occur in A. Contexts in which followers experience few difficulties. B. Supportive environments. C. Stressful situations. D. Sympathetic relationships.

C. Stressful situations.

Christie, Barling, and Turner (2011) describe pseudotransformational leadership as A. Strong inspirational motivation. B. Inspired leadership focused on follower development. C. Strong inspirational talent that is manipulative. D. Inspired leadership focused toward other leaders.

C. Strong inspirational talent that is manipulative.

Kathleen regularly meets with and coaches each of her followers in hopes to help them reach their full potential. With some she is directive and with others she provides strong affiliation. She is using A. Transactional leadership. B. Situational leadership. C. Transformational leadership. D. Path-goal leadership

C. Transformational leadership.

Burns when discussing leadership in the context of what is now termed transformational leadership A. Found motivation in followers rarely existed. B. Found leaders to be interested mainly in the bottom line. C. Tried to link the rules of leadership and followership D. Tried to link the roles of in-group members to leadership outcomes

C. Tried to link the rules of leadership and followership

The full range model of transformational leadership contains how many factors? A. 1 B. 2 C. 4 D. 7

D. 7

A leader, who communicates high expectations, shows competence, and sets a strong role model is using behaviors of A. Situational leadership. B. Path-goal leadership C. Transactional leadership. D. Charismatic leadership.

D. Charismatic leadership.

Which type of leadership is most similar to transformational leadership? A. Transitional. B. Laissez-faire C. Transactional. D. Charismatic.

D. Charismatic.

The idealized influence factor in the full-range model is considered more effective than A. Individualized consideration. B. Inspirational motivation. C. Intellectual stimulation. D. Contingent reward.

D. Contingent reward.

You provide a pay raise to a follower who has received high scores on annual performance reviews two years in a row. You are demonstrating A. Management by exception-passive B. Management by exception-active C. Individualized consideration. D. Contingent reward.

D. Contingent reward.

Management by exception involves A. Giving individualized attention to employees. B. Offering payoffs for employees who perform their duties C. Negotiating special rules and tasks with employees. D. Correcting misbehavior by employees.

D. Correcting misbehavior by employees

Which of the following is not a strength of transformational leadership approach? A. Broadly researched. B. Intuitive appeal. C. Expansive leadership view. D. Elitist and anti-democratic.

D. Elitist and anti-democratic.

Transformation leadership is an exceptional form of leadership that A. Helps followers meet the tasks on their job descriptions. B. Reduces the workload of the followers. C. Increases the workload of the followers. D. Helps followers do more than what is usually expected.

D. Helps followers do more than what is usually expected.

To which research scholar is the charismatic theory of leadership attributed? A. Avolio B. Bass C. Liden D. House

D. House

Which transformational factor is most like charismatic transformational leadership? A. Inspirational motivation. B. Contingent reward. C. Individualized consideration. D. Idealized influence.

D. Idealized influence.

Transformational leadership does not A. Create a connection between leaders and followers. B. Increase the motivation and morality of followers. C. Help followers reach their full potential. D. Inadequately raise the level of motivation and morality in the leader and their followers.

D. Inadequately raise the level of motivation and morality in the leader and their followers.

Communicating a vision for the future of the organization in Bennis and Nanus's research is most similar to which of the transformational factors in the Full Range Model? A. Individualized consideration. B. Idealized influence. C. Contingent reward. D. Inspirational motivation.

D. Inspirational motivation.

Which factor in the full model of transformational leadership encourages followers to be creative and innovative? A. Individualized consideration. B. Inspirational motivation. C. Idealized influence. D. Intellectual stimulation.

D. Intellectual stimulation.

The passive form of management by exception A. Is considered non-leadership. B. Is more effective than the active form. C. Is similar to individualized consideration. D. Is enacted only once problems arise.

D. Is enacted only once problems arise.

Which of the following scholars presented an alternative transformational perspective that describes five exemplary practices of leadership? A. Bennis and Nanus B. Graen and Uhl-Bien C. MacGregor Burns D. Kouzes and Posner

D. Kouzes and Posner

_______ presented an alternative transformational perspective that included modeling the way, challenging the process, and encouraging the heart. A. Bennis and Nanus B. Graen and Uhl-Bien C. MacGregor Burns D. Kouzes and Posner

D. Kouzes and Posner

Transformational leadership A. Tells leaders how to act. B. Tells followers how to act. C. Gives for specific actions leaders should use in multiple situations. D. Provides a general way of thinking about leadership, including follower needs.

D. Provides a general way of thinking about leadership, including follower needs.

Which leadership theories discussed in the text have noted one strength of the approach in its "intuitive appeal"? A. Behavioral, transformational, situational. B. Trait, behavioral, path-goal C. Path-goal, situational, trait D. Trait, skills, transformational.

D. Trait, skills, transformational.

Jose has consistently exceeded his sales projections for the past four quarters. His supervisor is using A. Transformational leadership. B. Middle-of-the-Road leadership C. Laissez-faire leadership. D. Transactional leadership.

D. Transactional leadership.

What makes it difficult to use the term transformational leadership when referencing leaders such as Saddam Hussein and Adolf Hitler? A. Transformational leadership focuses on the leader's own interests B. Hussein and Hitler had no redeeming qualities. C. Transformational leadership is effective; Hussein and Hitler's leadership styles were not D. Transformational leadership includes transforming, but only in a positive way.

D. Transformational leadership includes transforming, but only in a positive way.

Which leadership theory is studied in a variety of disciplines, including nursing, education, and industrial engineering? A. Leader-member exchange theory B. Path-goal leadership theory C. Contingency theory. D. Transformational leadership theory.

D. Transformational leadership theory.

Molly focuses her leadership behaviors on helping followers reach their full potential as human beings. She is using A. Situational leadership. B. Path-goal leadership C. Contingent reward leadership. D. Transformational leadership.

D. Transformational leadership.

Bass and Avolio suggest that transformational leadership cannot be taught since it results from innate leadership characteristics. True or false?

False

Kouzes and Posner's research included a meta-analysis of over 30 studies of transformational leadership. True or false?

False

Pseudotransformational leadership could be described as a form of socialized leadership. True or false?

False

Ryan White was more of a transactional leader than a transformational leader. True or false?

False

The emergence of a vision should originate only from the leader, not the followers within the organization. True or false?

False

Transactional leadership raises the level of motivation and morality in followers. True or false?

False

A criticism of transformational leadership is that it treats leadership as a personality trait. True or false?

True

A strength of the transformational model is the emphasis it places on followers' needs, values, and morals. True or false?

True

According to Bass, charisma is a necessary but not sufficient condition for transformational leadership. True or false?

True

Charismatic leadership is often described in ways that make it similar to, if not synonymous with, transformational leadership. True or false?

True

Charismatic leadership, transforms followers' self-concepts and tries to link the identity of the followers to the collective identity of the organization. True or false?

True

Criticisms of transformational leadership are that it is elitist and anti-democratic, and it suffers from heroic leadership bias. True or false?

True

Laissez-faire leadership represents the absence of leadership. True or false?

True

Transactional leadership focuses on the exchanges that occur between leaders and their followers. True or false?

True

Transactional leadership refers to the bulk of leadership models. True or false?

True

Transformational leadership views leaders as social architects. True or false?

True