mgmt

_____ is a type of high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory.

Cache Memory

A(n)_____ is a combination of a hardware configuration and systems software.

Computer System Platform

_____ is an example of a popular general purpose software suite for personal computer users.

Corel WordPerfect Office

Briefly distinguish among data, information, and knowledge.

Data--->Information--->Knowledge

_____ is text that describes a program's functions to help a user operate the computer system.

Documentation

_____ involves using information systems and the Internet to acquire parts and supplies.

Electronic procurement (e-procurement)

A global positioning system (GPS) device uses a(n) _____ to help people find their way around town or more remote areas.

Embedded System

_____ is a program concerned with the efficient and environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products.

Green Computing

_____ consists of computer equipment used to perform input, processing, and output activities.

Hardware

Explain the concept of "perceived usefulness" in the context of technology acceptance model (TAM).

In the TAM model, "perceived usefulness" is defined as the degree to which individuals believe thatuse of a system will improve their performance. The perceived ease of use is the degree to whichindividuals believe that the system will be easy to learn and use. Both the perceived usefulness andease of use can be strongly influenced by the expressed opinions of others who have used the systemand the degree to which the organization supports use of the system (e.g., incentives, offeringtraining and coaching from key users). Perceived usefulness and ease of use in turn influence anindividual's attitude toward the system, which affect their behavioral intention to use the system

_____ is the knowledge of how data and information are used by individuals, groups, and organizations.

Information systems literacy

_____ is a computing model in which an organization outsources the equipment used to support its business operations, including storage, hardware, servers, and networking components.

Infrastructure as a Service

Which of the following is a process of linking together all the components of a system to demonstrate that the system as a whole does indeed meet the user and business requirements?

Integration and testing

Which of the following statements is true of organic light-emitting diode (OLED)?

It enables improved contrast than a liquid crystal display (LCD).

______ are people who create, use, and disseminate knowledge and are usually professionals in science, engineering, business, and other areas.

Knowledge workers

_____ is an open-source operating system whose source code is freely available to everyone.

Linux

After a computer system is started, portions of the operating system are transferred to _____ as they are needed.

Memory

An operating system with _____ capabilities allows a user to run more than one program to concurrently.

Multitasking

_____ is a hard disk drive storage device that is set up with its own network address and provides file-based storage services to other devices on the network.

Network-attached storage (NAS)

_____ connect computers and equipment in a building, around the country, or around the world to enable electronic communications.

Networks

_____ is a branch of artificial intelligence that allows computers to recognize and act on patterns or trends.

Neural networks

What is the sphere of influence? Identify three spheres of influence.

One useful way of classifying the many potential uses of information systems is to identify the scopeof the problems and opportunities that the system is designed to address. This scope is called thesphere of influence. For most companies, the spheres of influence are personal, workgroup, andenterprise. The personal sphere of influence concerns the needs of individual users. The workgroupsphere of influence addresses the needs of two or more people who work together to achieve acommon goal. The enterprise sphere of influence supports a firm in its interaction with customers,suppliers, shareholders, competitors, special-interest groups, the financial community, andgovernment agencies.

Which of the following involves the ongoing running of a system and identifying and making necessary changes to the system due to errors or new user or business requirements?

Operation and maintenance

_____ are used in standardized tests, including the SAT and GMAT tests, and to record votes in elections.

Optical mark recognition (OMR) systems

Which of the following is one of the main areas of support activities in the supply chain of a manufacturing organization?

Procurement

​_____ is the set of instructions that signal the central processing unit (CPU) to perform circuit-switching operations.

Program Code

Explain the primary difference between random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM).

RAM is Random Access Memory and ROM is Read Only Memory.

Identify three advantages of the use of solid state secondary storage devices (SSDs) over magnetic or optical media.

SSDs require less power and provide faster access than the magnetic storage devices. They also have no moving parts and are less fragile than hard disk drives.

Define the term value chain and briefly discuss the purpose of the supply chain component in a manufacturing organization.

Series of activities that involve inbound logistics, warehouse and storage SCM determines what the supplies are needed in how many quantities. The goal is to figure out how supplies are going to be turned into a good or service and how the end result will reach the customer.

Define the term information system and briefly identify its fundamental components.

Set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store, and disseminate data and for an reaction to meet an objective. Fundamental components include input, processing, output, and feedback.

_____ consists of computer programs that govern the operation of a computer.

Software

_____ is a personal application software that includes a wide range of built-in functions for statistical, financial, logical, database, graphics, and date and time calculations.

Spreadsheet

_____ encompasses all the activities required to get the right product into the right consumer's hands in the right quantity at the right time and at the right cost, from acquisition of raw materials through customer delivery. ​

Supply chain management

_____ is an operating system used with special-purpose computers.

Symbian

Distinguish between systems software and application software.

System software works with end users, application software, and computer hardware to handle the majority of technical details. Application software can be described as end user software designed to accomplish a variety of different tasks

Distinguish between the Internet and the Web.

The Internet is a global network of networks while the Web, also referred formally as World Wide Web (www) is collection of information which is accessed via the Internet.

Which of the following theories explains how a new idea or product gains acceptance and spreads through a specific population or subset of an organization?

The diffusion of innovation theory

Which of the following statements is true of the European Union's Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive?

The directive implements a plan to manage products at the beginning of their life cycle in an environmentally safe manner.

_____ is an advanced optical disc technology that can store up to 3.9 terabytes, roughly 75-150 times more data than the Blu-ray optical disc system although it is the same size and shape as a regular digital video disc (DVD).

The holographic versatile disc

Which of the following is NOT one of five forces identified in Michael Porter's five-forces model? a. The rivalry among existing competitors b. The threat of new entrants c. The threat of substitute products and services d. The threat of new information systems

The threat of new information systems

_____ is a storage technology for less frequently needed data that makes it appear to be stored entirely on tape cartridges, although some parts may be stored on faster hard disks.

Virtual Tape

An information system that operates in the _____ sphere of influence supports two or more people who work together to achieve a common goal.

Workgroup

What is competitive advantage? Identify Porter's five forces that cause firms to seek competitive advantage.

a condition or circumstance that puts a company in a favorable or superior business position. Porter's Five Forces analysis looks at five key areas: - The threat of entry - The power of buyers - The power of suppliers - The threat of substitutes, and - Competitive rivalry (advantage).

_____ is used to temporarily hold small units of program instructions and data immediately before, during, and after execution by the central processing unit (CPU).

a register

If an industry has low entry and exit costs and the technology needed to start and maintain a business is commonly available, this creates:

a threat of new entrants.

The role of the _____ is to employ an information system (IS) department's equipment and personnel to help an organization attain its goals.

chief information officer

A _____ is an example of a hardware processing device.

chip

Which of the following is related to Moore's Law?

chip manufacturing

The idea of _____ is a form of innovation that constantly seeks ways to improve business processes and add value to products and services.

continuous improvement

In the context of strategic planning for competitive advantage, becoming more efficient with production and manufacturing processes is characteristic of _____.

cost leadership

A _____ is a climate-and-access-controlled building or a set of buildings that houses the computer hardware that delivers an organization's data and information services.

data center

The process of converting human-readable data into machine-readable form is called _____.

data entry

A(n) _____ innovation initially provides a lower level of performance than the marketplace has grown to accept but is improved to provide some new performance characteristics and becomes more attractive to users in a new market, eventually displacing the former product or way of doing things.

disruptive

_____ are people who work directly with information systems to get results.

end users

A(n) _____ can replace many applications with one unified set of programs, making the system easier to use and more effective.

enterprise resource planning system

A(n) _____ is a network based on Web technologies that allows selected outsiders, such as business partners and customers, to access authorized resources of a company's intranet.

extranet

In information systems, _____ is information from a system that is used to make changes to input or processing activities.

feedback

In the context of an information system, _____ involves keeping data and information available for future use.

feedback

In a manufacturing organization, the supply chain is a key value chain whose primary activities include all of the following EXCEPT _____.

finance and accounting

A _____ organizational structure empowers employees at lower levels to make decisions and solve problems without needing permission from midlevel managers.

flat

Quality information that can be used for a variety of purposes is said to be ______.

flexible

The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organization's _____.

goals

_____ is the use of a collection of computers, often owned by many people or different organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem.

grid computing

Discuss three disadvantages of using proprietary software.

i. Too costly which includes the license fee ii. Need of or dependency on the developer for any update, support or fix iii. Proprietary softwares have security issues

A(n) _____ bus enables the central processing unit (CPU) to communicate with a system's primary storage.

internal

The _____ of an investment makes the net present value of all cash flows (benefits and costs) generated by a project equal to zero.

internal rate of return

Compared with main memory, secondary storage:

is less expensive

The process of defining relationships among data to create useful information requires ______.

knowledge

Which of the following is a multiple-user system?

mainframe computers

In a _____, an individual has two reporting superiors (managers)-one functional and one operational.

matrix organizational structure​

The _____ method of evaluating a project is the sum of the present value of the net cash flow for each time period.

net present value

A company with a(n) _____ strategy for gaining competitive advantage makes only high-performance sports cars and sport utility vehicles (SUVs).

niche

A type of memory whose contents are not lost if the power is turned off or interrupted is said to be _____.

nonvolatile

Hiring an outside company to perform some or all of a systems development project is called _____.

outsourcing

In a supply chain, _____ involve the transformation, movement, and storage of supplies and raw materials.

physical flows

Google AppEngine is an example of a(n) _____.

public cloud service provider

A _____ is a computer employed by many users to perform a specific task, such as running network or Internet applications.

server

Providing value to a _____ is the primary goal of any organization.

stakeholder

A ____ is an agreement between two or more companies that involves the joint production and distribution of goods and services.

strategic alliance

_____ are the most powerful computers with the fastest processing speed and highest performance.

supercomputers

A _____ is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals.

system

_____ are responsible for running and maintaining information system equipment and also for scheduling, hardware maintenance, and preparing input and output.

system operators

The central processing unit (CPU) and the primary storage of a computer are housed in the same box call the _____.

system unit

The _____ step of systems development involves studying the existing system to uncover its strengths and weaknesses and interviewing those who will use the new system to identify what the system must do to meet their needs and the needs of an organization.

systems analysis

The goal of the _____ step of systems development is to gain a clear understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity to be addressed.

systems investigation

The faster the clock speed of the central processing unit (CPU), _____.

the more heat the processor generates

_____ is the backbone of a computer, connecting all of its components including the central processing unit (CPU) and primary storage and providing connectors for peripheral devices such as printers, external hard drives, sound cards, and video cards.

the motherboard

The payback period is:

the number of years required to recover the initial cost of an investment.

A _____ is a low-cost, centrally managed computer with no internal or external attached drives for data storage with limited capabilities.

thin-client

The _____ takes into account the fact that a dollar today is worth more than a dollar paid in the future.

time value of money

A _____ organizational structure is like a managerial pyramid where the power structure of decision making and authority flows from the strategic management at the top down to operational management and nonmanagement employees. ​

traditional hierarchical

The military is the classic example of a:

traditional hierarchical organizational structure.

A _____ is any business-related exchange such as payments to employees, sales to customers, or payments to suppliers.

transaction

A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to perform and record business deals.

transaction processing system (TPS)

_____ are used to support engineering and technical users who perform heavy mathematical computing, computer-assisted design (CAD), video editing, and other applications requiring a high-end processor.

workstations

_____ is IBM's first 64-bit enterprise operating system that is capable of handling very heavy workloads.

z/OS

Briefly explain the three associated elements of a central processing unit (CPU).

ALU: arithmetic/ logic unit This performs calculations and is able to make comparisons. Control unit: able to access program instructions and decode them. It coordinates the flow of data. Registers are high-speed storage areas that temporarily hold small units of instructions and data.