MGMT Ch 7

what happens at postconventional stage

At this stage, right versus wrong is referenced to a set of defined, established moral principles. Research suggests that fewer than 20 percent of Americans reach this principled stage

what is moral awareness

occurs when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance

what is an economic exchange

relationships that are based on narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligations that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule

what is trust

the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions

which of the following statements are true of authorities who are considered benevolent

they care for employees they are concerned their employees' well being they are loyal to their employees

cognition-based trust is driven by the authority's ___

track record

cognition based trust is used in ___ relationships

most

disposition based trust is used in ___ relationships

new

what is justice

the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making

what is distributive justice

the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes

what is moral judgement

the process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is ethical or unethical

what is corporate social responsibility

a perspective that acknowledges that the responsibilities of a business encompass the economic, legal, ethical, and citizenship expectations of society

what does trust propensity represent

a sort of "faith in human nature," in that trusting people view others in more favorable terms than do suspicious people

first dimension of trustworthiness is

ability: the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific area

what is moral intent

an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action. The distinction between awareness or judgment on the one hand and intent on the other is important, because many unethical people know and understand that what they're doing is wrong—they just choose to do it anyway

second dimension of trustworthiness is

benevolence: as the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives

When authorities are perceived as benevolent, it means that they

care for employees well-being and feel a sense of loyalty to them mentor protege

in the process of hiring a specialist, ability should be

considered early on

which of the following are among the rules of procedural justice?

consistency bias suppression correctability voice

types of trust

disposition based: your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others cognition based: it's rooted in a rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness affect based: it depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment

"a fair day's pay, for a fair day's work" is an equitable viewpoint that most accurately describes

distributive justice

which of the following are consequentalist moral principles, which judge the morality of an action according to its goals, aims, or outcomes

egoism utilitarianism

unlike other forms of trust, affect-based trust is primarily

emotional

affect based trust is more ___ than ___

emotional rational

affect based trust is used in ___ relationships

few

when employees have higher levels of trust in authorities, they have

higher levels of task performance

with the increasing popularity of the internet, maintaining a company's reputation has become

increasingly difficult

a person who "tells it how it is" demonstrates the dimension of trustworthiness known as

integrity

which of the following are dimensions by which we gauge an authority's track record

integrity benevolence ability

third dimension of trustworthiness is

integrity: the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable

authorities depend on:

justice and ethics

trust has a ___ effect on job performance

moderate positive

in order to determine whether distributive justice exists, employees consider which of the following

pay promotions assignments

Employees gauge distributive justice by asking whether decision outcomes—such as ____—are allocated using proper norms

pay, rewards, evaluations, promotions, and work assignments

ethics that is discussed in terms of how people ought to act is referred to as ___ ethics

prescriptive

ethics has two primary threads:

prescriptive in nature: how people ought to act descriptive in nature: how people tend to act

what is procedural justice

reflects the perceived fairness of decision-making processes. Procedural justice is fostered when authorities adhere to rules of fair process. One of those rules is voice, or giving employees a chance to express their opinions and views during the course of decision making

what is informational justice

reflects the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities. Informational justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules. The justification rule mandates that authorities explain decision-making procedures and outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner, and the truthfulness rule requires that those communications be honest and candid.

what is interpersonal justice

reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities. Interpersonal justice is fostered when authorities adhere to two particular rules. The respect rule pertains to whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner, and the propriety rule reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks

what is reputation

reflects the prominence of its brand in the minds of the public and the perceived quality of its goods and services.

what is a social exchange

relationships develop that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedule mutual investment

what happens at conventional stage

right versus wrong is referenced to the expectations of one's family and one's society. At first, people seek the approval of friends and family members, conforming to stereotypes about what's right

what happens at preconventional stage

right versus wrong is viewed in terms of the consequences of various actions for the individual. For example, children seek to avoid punishment for its own sake, regardless of any concern about moral order

Actually making yourself vulnerable—by buying products or accepting a job—constitutes __

risk

according to researchers, people pay attention to stimuli that are what?

significant recognizable vivid

trust has a ___ effect on organizational commitment

strong positive

what does kohlberg's theory of cognitive moral development argue

that as people age and mature, they move through various stages of moral development—each more mature and sophisticated than the prior one

the four component model argues

that ethical behaviors result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, continuing on to moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical behavior.

for which of the following reasons can whistle blowing be considered an especially ethical action for a person to take

the action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation the action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in the org.

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: magnitude of consequences

the anticipated level of impact of the outcome

under cognition based trust, what is trustworthiness

the characteristics or attributes of a trustee that inspire trust

what is moral identity

the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person

what is moral intensity

the degree to which an issue has ethical urgency

what is moral attentiveness

the degree to which people Page 212chronically perceive and consider issues of morality during their experiences

what is ethics

the degree to which the behaviors of an authority are in accordance with generally accepted moral norms

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: concentration of effect

the extent to which consequences of the act are focused

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: temporal immediacy

the interval between when the act occurs and its consequences

based on the dimensions of moral intensity, what is: probability of effect

the likelihood that the act will occur or cause harm

under disposition based trust, some trustors are high in ___

trust propensity: a general expectation that the words, promises, and statements of individuals and groups can be relied upon

which moral principles judge the morality of an action solely on its intrinsic desirability

virtue ethics ethics of rights

Integrity also conveys an alignment between

words and deeds (keeping promises)