mgmt351 hw last test

Elijah perceives that he is working much harder than everyone else on the sales team, but receiving no additional outcomes for his inputs. according to the equity theory, what are some strategies Elijah may use to restore equity? Elijah could

ask his boss for a raise a

the degree to which you believe you can realistically achieve a goal is known as goal _______________, while the gap between a goal and your standing as it relates to that goal is known as goal _____________.

attainability; difficulty

Ali is motivated in his new job as a manager. as a result, his attention and energy are directed toward specific activities, his level of attention and effort are high and he directs his attention and energy continuously for as long as it takes. Ali is demonstrating _______,__________, and __________ (in order).

direction; intensity; persistence

the vice president of human resources of a company wants to ensure that the new policy about department managers working from home gets passed along to all department managers without causing a conflict. what type of communication would you recommend that the CEO use in this situation?

downward

in goal setting theory, ___________ focuses on whether the goal has an unambiguous and clear focus, while __________ focuses on one's ability to access information regarding his or her performance related to a goal.

goal specificity; feedback

according to the leader-member exchange theory, leaders' assumptions about people in the out group could result in

the waste of human potential

how do leaders practicing laissez-faire leadership tackle decision making?

they avoid making difficult decisions and prefer to not get involved.

one unintended consequences of goal setting is that goals may lead to

unethical behaviors

using a small set of defining team attributes to describe teams is

useful, because together they may be useful in describing every conceivable team

when is having high virtual presence important for a team?

when teams are geographically dispersed

you are assigned to a team for a course project. at the end of the semester, the team receives one final grade, and all members of the team will receive that same grade, regardless of their individual contributions. this is an example of _______________ interdependence.

high outcome

according to Herzberg, what is the relationship between satisfaction and dissatisfaction?

satisfaction and dissatisfaction are on two different continua.

complete the following sentence with the statement that best explains the expectancy theory of motivation: expectancy theory focuses on

the mental calculus that takes place as people consider how much effort to exert on an activity.

on the one hand, _______________ increases the amount of time team members have to spend communicating, but on the other hand it gives members a chance to ______________.

high task interdependence; share ideas and learn from one another

Mia understands that it is important to strike a balance between cooperation and motivation in teams. one way she can accomplish this is through

hybrid team rewards

Elie describes the physical surroundings of his workplace as pleasant. Maryam believes her company's policies are reasonable. according to Herzberg's two factor theory, Elie's and Maryam's jobs have high levels of

hygiene factors

select the person who is influencing work outcomes through the use of coercive power

Phil tells his employees that they cannot leave the office until they fill their job orders

which of the following scenarios depicts a worker with high responsibility for the outcomes of the work?

Randy, a guitar repair man at a small music store who feels personally accountable for the quality of his work

the HR team at Grander and Sons Inc. is putting together a new social media policy for their employees. the HR team knows that one major consideration around limiting communication on personal social media sites/accounts is

freedom of speech

Nora was just hired as a manager at a vegetable canning company. the majority of employees at this company have worked on an assembly line for years. she plans to motivate and satisfy the employees by adding new challenges to their work by increasing the skill variety and autonomy of the jobs. according to the job characteristics model, what does she need to consider that may affect whether the change in job characteristics will be motivational?

whether employees have a desire for challenge and personal growth.

the socialized beliefs about women in leadership roles has led to

women holding themselves back from seeking leadership positions

Jaylyn wants to meet with a member of her team who has not been contributing as much as the other team members. what is an effective way to write that team member a message so they can meet about the issue?

"Hi, I'd like to meet and discuss how I can help you contribute more to the team. Please schedule a meeting with me."

select the leader that exhibits behavior characteristic of an initiating structure

Esther takes the time to set goals with her employees and come up with incentives that will help them reach their goals

select the leader that is exhibiting the most effective form of transactional leadership

Hannah needs each of her advertising executives to secure three new accounts by the end of the quarter. she provides them with a list of potential clients and tells them that the first one to reach the goal will receive a bonus

Jake works as a waitperson at a local restaurant. the lead waitperson, Joanie, will soon be leaving the restaurant to pursue a new career. Jake's manager feels Jake is ready to be the lead. he pairs Jake with Joanie so he can learn how to do the job. Jakes works alongside Joanie, while Joanie challenges him to take on the new roles as lead, providing feedback to Jake throughout the process. this is an example of

a developmental experience

team effectiveness can be managed by taking into account teem members' characteristics, ensuring they are all on the same page by creating _________, introducing experiences that strengthen bonds through ___________, and a mix of individual and team-based rewards that provide incentives for _____________.

a team charter; team building; cooperation and motivation

___________ teams likely have low temporal stability

action

Ali works from home and feels isolated from his manager and co-workers. as a result, his performance is suffering. Ali most likely has a high need for which of McClelland's needs?

affiliation

the management at Best Tech Industries has interviewed several people to lead the company's global division. which candidate possesses personal characteristics of leadership that would benefit Best Tech?

although not always inclined to pursue a leadership position, Kishan demonstrates that he had the ability to gather, interpret, and synthesize knowledge in order to solve problems, he was very personable and energetic.

research shows that an employee who is part of the ingroup, tend to

be more satisfied with their leaders.

Andrew is currently employed as an accountant for FruitNutBar Inc. and is not actively looking to switch jobs. one day, however, he sees an ad on social media that a competitor, FruitNutStick, is looking to hire accountants and decides he's open to considering this. this scenario describes how social media can

be used for recruitment of passive candidates

which type of team would be most likely to have low skill differentiation?

behavioral team

according to Herzberg's two factor theory, motivators are the job conditions that influence _________ and hygiene factors influence ___________.

being highly satisfied to not being highly satisfied; being highly dissatisfied to not being highly dissatisfied

Hakaru is the leader of the product development team at a small electronics company. he inspires his employees because he is always willing to engage in unconventional behavior and methods to come up with new product ideas. he expects his employees to do the same but has the confidence that they will be successful. Hakaru exhibits characteristics of an effective ______________ leader.

charismatic

the ability to articulate a clear and compelling vision of the future, establishing a sense of common purpose, instilling confidence in followers that they can meet expectations, and having the willingness to take risks in order to achieve successful outcomes are all effective characteristics of ______________ leaders.

charismatic

Darryl is an engineer in charge of a team tasked with streamlining the company's production process. Darryl knows the ins and outs of the system and is able to sort through the information to solve the problem. the team members trust Darryl's knowledge and like that he listens to their ideas. although he can sometimes lose his temper, they like the fact that he takes charge of the situation. who two sources of leadership does Darryl exhibit?

cognitive intelligence and expert power

all of the members of Jana's team have a strong affinity for one another and for the team's goals. they also believe that the team can be affective in a given task. Jana's team members are experiencing __________ and ________, respectively.

cohesion; collective efficacy

Nora's team experiences high emotional bonds or _________. unfortunately, team members have the tendency to promote conformity among group members and overconfidence in the team's capabilities, or the tendency for ______________.

cohesion; groupthink

a leader that exhibits active behaviors will

create challenges that can be addressed to propel the organization forward.

the management at BiltRite Corporation adheres to the full range of leadership theory. the company is looking to hire a person to replace its chief financial officer, who is retiring. to select the most effective personal for the job, BiltRite should seek a person who will

create challenges that can be addressed to propel the organization forward.

transactional leadership is most effective when

employees know what they need to do and are rewarded when they accomplish their tasks

Samantha invests all her energies into work role. Joy wastes at least one full day per week surfing the internet. according to the statement above, Samantha is ___________ and most likely displays ____________.

engaged; high job performance

Alderfer's ERG theory includes ________ needs and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs includes ___________ needs.

existence, relatedness, and growth; esteem, social and self-actualization

having employees complete a formal complaint form that can be submitted directly to HR can eliminate the issue of _____________ that can happen when an employee complains to their supervisor who then tells HR.

filtering

Lousie and Phil disagree and are arguing back and forth about how they should present customer date to their board of directors. which of the following ways can the two show each other empathy as they work toward making a decision?

finding time to discuss both ideas and why they each prefer their method

the sales managers at Teko Industries attend yearly meeting where they learn how to better manage their sales staff. this is an example of ___________. if the sales managers researched new management techniques on their own, it would be an example of ______________.

formal leadership training; self-help

which of the following accurately lists the phases of team development in order from first to final?

forming, storming, norming, performing

if a company was looking to hire a person to be a leader, the company would most likely select a person who

has high cognitive intelligence

employees at a chain restaurant are competing with other employees at another location for the company's "Best Store" award. the hostesses, wait staff, and kitchen staff all have the same idea of what they need to accomplish to be successful. this is an example of ________________ interdependence.

high goal

Ariel is a member of a team with ______________. unfortunately some team members are not working as hard as others because they are taking advantage of the more conscientious team members by _____________.

high outcome interdependence; slacking off

Al holds a position of authority at his firm. he is on good terms with all of his employees-they like Al and work well because he has given them clearly defined tasks that they are able to complete. Al can be described as a leader that exhibits

high situational control

for a cross-functional team created to manage the post-merger integration between two companies that were once competitors, what would be the most important attribute for that team to be successful?

high skill differentiation

Izzy, Robby and Eli work at a bagel shop. Izzy takes the order, Robby fills the order, and Eli rings up the sale. the three of them interact with each other in order to communicate the customer's order so the process flows smoothly and the customer is satisfied. this is an example of ______________ interdependence.

high task

Leon is the president of a small physical therapy practice that is merging with another practice in the area. the employees at Leon's practice show concern about what sort of change may take place due to the merger. Leon reassures his employees, appealing to them on an emotional level and passionately telling them that though the future is uncertain, this decision is a smart move for both practices. as a result, the employees rally around Leon and strive to make the merger work. what transformational behavior does this situation exemplify?

idealized influence

when followers are motivated but lack ability, leaders should emphasize ____________; when followers lack both motivation and ability, leaders should emphasize _______________.

initiating structure; both initiating structure and consideration

Sofia's job lacks opportunities for personal growth, but the quality of her new supervisor and a few changes that were implemented to improve her working conditions will result in Sofia experiencing ____________, according to Herzber's two-factor theory.

less dissatisfaction

Ian, Juan, Alysha, and Sofia are working together on a final class project. Juan and Sofia want to earn a A on the project. Ian and Alysha want to do the bare minimum, just enough to pass the class. the team is not aligned in terms of what they wish to accomplish. the team has _____________ interdependence.

low goal

Victoria is a member of a technical services team. at the end of each year, Victoria's manager rates the performance of her and each individual worker. her manager then allocates annual bonuses based on each team member's individual contributions toward the team. this is an example of ______________ interdependence.

low outcome

the employees in Victor's department do not respect him as a leader. their jobs are complex and Victor never seems to know what they are working on and has little authority to reward or punish people as needed. as a result, Victor's employees rarely socialize with him. Based on this information, it can be said that Victor has

low situational control

Luis and Sebastian work on an assembly line in a vegetable canning factory. Luis works on the belt, inspecting the peas before they are canned. Sebastian works on the filler line, ensuring that the peas are filled appropriately into the cans. Luis and Sebastian do not need to interact to accomplish their work. this is an example of ___________ interdependence.

low task

Dmitry has a vision that his company will increase its market share by 10 percent this year. to achieve this goal, Dmitry sets sales goals for his employees. in order to effectively lead his employees and attain his vision, Dmitry should

motivate all of his employees to reach their sales goals because it will help the company overall

Mateo describes his job as involving high levels of responsibility. Aria describes her job as having plenty of opportunities for personal growth. according to Herzber's Two-Factor theory, Mateo's and Arias's jobs have high levels of

motivators

Matias performs well with challenging but attainable goals, while Carlos prefers to focus on influencing others. according to McClelland's Needs theory, Matias likely has a high level of ________ and Carlos has a high level of _______________.

need for achievement; need for power

Sally, the sales manager, is always yelling at her sales staff for not meeting their individual quotas of selling two cars per week. finally, Clarance has a great week and sells three cars. instead of rewarding Clarence, Sally just withholds nagging comments. what type of reinforcement does this scenario represent?

negative

according to the full range of leadership theory, behaviors that focus on minimizing existing problems and addressing them as they pop up in order to maintain the status quo is characteristics of _________________ behaviors.

passive

Emma is able to direct her attention toward the activities she needs to complete at her new job. she also finds that her level of attention and effort are high, but only for a short time period which is not as long as it takes to get the job done. which component of motivation is she lacking?

persistence

a "living wage" is the minimum income necessary for a worker to meet basic needs. which element of Maslow's Hiearchy of needs is most relevant to the living wage discussion?

physiological needs

Joey, the manager of a local restaurant, celebrates his employees when they receive a positive online review by bringing in lunch the following day. joey is reinforcing his staff's desirable behaviors using which reinforcement type?

positive reinforcement

although Zoe values the outcomes her new boss provides for good performance, she does not believe that her effort to perform the behaviors required since the company's reorganization will result in her ability to perform at a higher level. according to expectancy theory, Zoe is experiencing ___________ but not ____________.

positive valence; expectancy

Joy's work place is stressful. the manager is often overheard yelling at employees and calling them unseemly names for even minor mistakes. this type of abusive workplace most likely directly affects which of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

safety

Samantha decides to take the role of follower rather than leader for her team project. this an important __________________ for team members who may typically dominate, because dominating members may have a negative impact on the climate of the team and team performance.

social role behavior

Maryam's team lacks motivation because members doubt that the team can actually be successful. this broad issue relates to

team attitudes

Khaled and Maria work together to start a computer consulting business. Derek and Joanie take a yoga class together every Wednesday. Khaled and Maria are a ___________, while Derek and Joanie are a part of a _____________.

team; group

Marie's team engages in behaviors that help the team accomplish its work, but that do not involve accomplishing the work itself. Ali's team knows what facts and information team members have acquired through their past experiences and training. Tobias' team members all share the same beliefs and feelings about the team, the team's tasks, and the team's members. what concepts are Marie's, Ali's, and Tobias' teams experiencing, respectively?

teamwork, team knowledge, team attitudes

complete the following sentence with the statement that best explains the equity theory of motivation: Equity theory focuses on

the belief that people make social comparisons between their own and others' inputs into and outcomes from an activity.

followers take part in leadership through the relationships they have with leaders, through impression management tactics, and through

the beliefs and assumptions they hold about effective leaders in general

which of the following statements best summarizes the concept of cohesion, and which one best summarizes the concept of collective efficacy, respectively?

the emotional bonds that team members have toward each other and the team itself; a team attitude developed from past experiences or encouraging leadership that is characterized by a shared belief that the team can succeed at a particular task

a team is defined as _____________, while a group is defined as ____________.

two or more people who work interdependently to achieve goals related to a common purpose; a set of individuals who are together or who share some common attribute