MGT 300 Ethics and Social Responsibility

moral rights

argues that all people deserve equal respect, regardless of outcome

Moral behavior, the final step in the ethical decision model, requires self-efficacy, which is the ______.

belief in one's ability to successfully engage in the ethical course of action

internal locus of control

believe they have control over their outcomes attribute success to their hard work

virtue ethics

centers on character traits that are considered worthy of praise

Ethics is defined as the ______.

code of moral principles that governs whether a person's behavior is right or wrong

The framework that identifies six stages individuals go through to develop moral reasoning is known as ______.

cognitive moral development

The more people will be harmed by your action, the more likely you are to view the potential action as an ethical issue. This is because of ______.

concentration of effect

In a negotiation, an ethical egoist would ______.

consider the longer-term effects of the decision on future interactions with the other side

Kant's categorical imperative says that a person should ______.

consistently take the same morally right action, regardless of consequences

At the ______ level of cognitive moral development, individuals determine courses of action according to what their peers, family, and societal regulations would expect.

conventional

The act of conducting business activities with a focus on financial success as well as engaging in ethical behavior that helps society and the environment is known as ______.

corporate social responsibility

relativist

cultural norms

external locus of control

do not believe they have control over their outcomes attribute success to good luck

Carroll's pyramid of corporate social responsibility includes ______ responsibilities.

economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic

justice

equity and fairness

A problem or situation for which a person must choose alternative actions that in some cases may compromise an ethical principle is known as a(n) ______.

ethical dilemma

The code of moral principles that governs whether a person's behavior is right or wrong is known as ______.

ethics

Which of these factors influences moral judgment?

experiences

People with a(n) ______ locus of control are less likely to engage in ethical decision-making.

external

Both types of utilitarianism ______.

focus on achieving the greatest utility

Rule Utilitarianism

focuses on general principles that transcend situations, advocates for conformity regardless of context

Act Utilitarianism

focuses on the best thing to do in the specific circumstance, is a form of situational ethics

Cognitive moral development is defined as the ______.

framework that identifies six stages individuals go through to develop moral reasoning

If you observe high-level managers ______ other workers' unethical behavior in your organization, you are more likely to engage in unethical workplace behaviors yourself.

ignoring

ethical egoism

individual behavior

Moral ______ is defined as the degree to which a person views a specific situation as an ethical issue.

intensity

People with a(n) ______ locus of control are more likely to choose the course of action they believe is truly right.

internal

Individuals with a(n) ______ locus of control see their outcomes as resulting from their own efforts, while individuals with a(n) ______ locus of control see their outcomes as resulting from destiny or fate.

internal; external

Kant's categorical imperative ______.

is a universal perspective of right and wrong does not consider the consequences of an action represents a rule approach to moral rights

______ affects moral awareness by altering the way in which information related to an issue is presented.

issue framing

During the moral ______ step in the ethical decision-making process, individuals generate options to help them deal with a morally charged situation.

judgement

Ethical standards are ______.

learned social phenomena

In an organizational culture that consistently and publicly punishes unethical conduct, workers will be ______.

less likely to engage in unethical behaviors

The level of moral intensity you feel may increase if you stand to experience great benefit or harm from a particular decision. In this case, ______ is influencing the likelihood you will view a particular situation as an ethical issue.

magnitude of consequences

An ethical egoist ______.

may promote others' interests if doing so satisfies his/her own interests

As moral intensity increases, the degree of ______ is likely to increase.

moral awareness

The utilitarian approach says the right action is the one that creates the best benefit for the ______.

most people

During the moral ______ step in the ethical decision-making process, an individual commits to the moral course of action over the pursuit of other values.

motivation

If a particular action will cause near immediate harm to others, you are more likely to view it as an ethical issue. This is due to ______.

temporal immediacy

Moral intensity is defined as ______.

the degree to which a person views a specific situation as an ethical issue

A business owner pays lower-level workers well above minimum wage because he believes that all workers deserve to be able to maintain a decent standard of living for themselves and their families. This is an example of ______.

universal ethical principles

postconventional

what is right

Which of these statements best describes the ethical decision-making model?

A four-step process that offers guidance for navigating the ethical decision-making process

Which of these are characteristics of the conventional level of cognitive moral development?

Acquiescing to social influence Following legal expectations

moral behavior

Acting in a way that is consistent with the ethical course of action

Which of these are characteristics of the preconventional level of cognitive moral development?

Also known as instrumental morality Egocentrism

Which of these best describes moral behavior in the ethical decision model?

Choosing a course of action that adheres to the moral decision-making process

Which of these are factors that influence moral judgment?

Cognitive moral development Age

Select the statements that accurately describe the moral-rights approach.

Compliance with universal principles is paramount. It is subdivided into two types.

Select each of the statements that describe corporate social responsibility.

Using corporate philanthropy to help society Focusing simultaneously on profit and public good

A ______ is a person who reports misconduct by an organization or other employees to the public or a higher authority.

whistleblower

Act utilitarianism can be compared to a(n) ______ sign, while rule utilitarianism can be compared to a ______ sign.

yield; stop

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the relativist perspective

It acknowledges multiple approaches to ethics. It underscores the importance of cultural values.

Select all of the statements that describe stakeholder theory.

It advocates giving voice to a variety of people inside and outside the firm. It considers all parties affected by the organization's actions.

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the virtue ethics perspective?

It centers on individuals' behavior and the traits that are considered worthy of praise.

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the moral-rights approach?

It focuses on compliance with universal ethical principles and can be divided into two primary types.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the virtue ethics perspective.

It focuses on the behavior of individuals. It outlines traits that are worthy of praise.

Select all of the statements that describe the ethical decision-making model

It includes four steps. It guides us through the ethical decision-making process.

Select all of the statements that accurately describe the justice approach.

It is grounded in the idea of equity. It is divided into distributive and procedural types.

Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the justice approach?

It suggests that ethical decisions are those grounded in standards of equity and fairness

Which of these factors affect moral intensity?

Magnitude of consequences: Social consensus: Probability of effect: Temporal immediacy: Proximity: Concentration of effect:

moral motivation

Making a conscious decision to behave morally rather than to pursue other interests or values

Which of these are characteristics of the postconventional level of cognitive moral development?

Making the choice that is the most fair and just Abiding by your deeply held values

Which of these are steps in Carroll's pyramid of corporate social responsibility?

Philanthropic responsibilities Ethical responsibilities Legal responsibilities Economic responsibilities

moral awareness

Recognizing that your reaction to a situation could affect you positively or negatively, and that the situation has moral implications

An ethical dilemma is defined as ______.

a problem or situation for which a person must choose alternative actions that in some cases may compromise an ethical principle

Corporate social responsibility is defined as the ______.

act of conducting business activities with a focus on financial success as well as engaging in ethical behavior that helps society and the environment

Select all of the accurate statements about ethics.

Ethics may present as judgments of obligations, or as values. Different groups may have very different ideas about what is ethical.

moral judgement

Generating various options for dealing with an ethically charged situation

A child obeys a parent because he/she does not want to lose a privilege. This child's decision is consistent with the ______ stage of cognitive moral development

obedience and punishment orientation

conventional

others expectations

In the ______ level of cognitive moral development, individuals determine courses of action according to their deeply held, personal values regarding morality and justice.

postconventional

At the ______ level of cognitive moral development, individuals determine courses of action according to whether they will personally benefit or suffer harm.

preconventional

Workers may be willing to engage in unethical behaviors in the organization if doing so allows them to ______

reach their goals

The ______ perspective considers how ethical norms vary across cultures and considers ethical behavior to be that which falls in line with these culture-specific norms.

relativist

Employees are more likely to engage in an unethical behavior if doing so will be ______ in some way.

rewarded

preconventional

self interest

A manager chooses to forego the chance for increased production and instead gives factory workers their full scheduled break because she feels it is her responsibility to obey labor laws. This is an example of ______.

social accord and system maintenance

______ affects moral awareness by sensitizing individuals to the specific types of issues their families, companies, and societies believe to be morally relevant.

socialization

Any individual or group who is affected by the organization is known as a ______.

stakeholder

justice

suggests moral decisions are those based in equity