MGT 301 Chapter 13 Review
A Theory X manager believes that employees who learn different aspects of the business will be in a better position to contribute to the broader goals of the organization.
False
A Theory Z manager believes that the primary need of employees is job security.
False
A leader who monitors follower performance and takes corrective action when deviations from standards occur is referred to as a transactional leader.
False
According to the GLOBE study, Humane-Oriented leadership "focuses on ensuring the safety and security of the individual and group through status-enhancement and face-saving."
False
Authoritarian leadership is the use of both work-centered and people-centered approaches.
False
Bass discovered that far more regional differences exist in leadership than had been believed previously.
False
There is a managerial tendency in paternalistic leadership toward a lack of involvement with subordinates.
False
Which of the following is an accurate depiction of the leadership style adopted by the managers of many Middle Eastern companies?
Highly authoritarian tone; rigid instructions
Employees tend to be more creative and innovative when driven by leaders exhibiting this behavior.
Participative
Identify the style of leadership that has been widely espoused in the United States, England, and other Anglo countries.
Participative
Identify the type of leaders who motivate employees by consulting them, encouraging joint decisions, or delegating responsibilities.
Participative
________ leaders typically encourage their people to play an active role in assuming control of their work, and authority usually is highly decentralized.
Participative
________ leadership is very popular in many technologically advanced countries.
Participative
Identify the leadership style that is best summarized by the statement "Work hard and the company will take care of you."
Paternalistic
These leaders expect everyone to work hard; in turn, the employees are guaranteed employment and given security benefits such as medical and retirement programs.
Paternalistic
This type of leadership behavior has been shown to have a positive impact on employees' attitudes in collectivistic cultures because the care, support, and protection provided by these leaders may address employees' need for frequent contact and close personal relationships.
Paternalistic
All of the following are assumptions that underlie Theory Z management except:
people are motivated by financial rewards, not by job security.
Which of the following managers would assume that the primary need of employees is job security?
A Theory X manager
Which of the following leaders takes action or intervenes in situations only when standards are not met?
A passive management-by-exception leader
According to a survey conducted by Puffer, McCarthy, and Naumov, which of the following beliefs is held by Russian managers?
A person must stand alone to be superior.
This individual monitors follower performance and takes corrective action when deviations from standards occur.
An active management-by-exception leader
In a survey conducted by Brodbeck and his associates, which of the following culture clusters produces leaders who rate performance orientation as the most important leadership attribute?
Anglo
The focus of attention of this leadership style usually is on work progress, work procedures, and roadblocks that are preventing goal attainment.
Authoritarian
This leadership style is widely used by Theory X managers, who believe that final decisions should be in the hands of the higher-level employees and that a continued focus on the task is compatible with the kind of people they are dealing with.
Authoritarian
Which of the following is a specific assumption of Theory Z managers?
Employees who learn different aspects of the business will be in a better position to contribute to the broader goals of the organization.
Which of the following is a subunit of positive organizational scholarship (POS)?
Enablers
Bass found that through the use of higher-order factor analysis, it is possible to develop a leadership model that illustrates the effectiveness of all five types of leaders:
I's (transformational), CR, MBE-A, MBE-P, and LF.
"Transformational leaders are able to get their followers to question old paradigms and to accept new views of the world regarding how things now need to be done." Which characteristic factor of transformational leaders is being described in the previous sentence?
Intellectual stimulation
Which of the following is a specific assumption of Theory X managers?
It is necessary to use coercion, control, and threats of punishment to get people to attain organizational objectives.
Which of the following statements is true about the authoritarian leadership style?
It is widely used by Theory X managers.
Which of the following is a quality needed to be a servant leader?
Listening
As a general statement, most evidence indicates that European managers tend to use this approach to leadership.
Participative
French and German managers tend to use a work-centered, ________ approach to leadership.
authoritarian
This manager believes that if people are committed to their goals, they will exercise self-direction and self-control.
Theory Y
Which of the following is true of Theory X managers?
They believe that people are basically lazy and that coercion and threats of punishment must be used to get them to work.
These leaders are individuals who exchange rewards for effort and performance and work on a "something for something" basis.
Transactional
These leaders are visionary agents with a sense of mission who are capable of motivating their followers to accept new goals and new ways of doing things.
Transformational
A Theory Y manager believes that under conditions of modern industrial life, the intellectual potential of the average human being is only partially tapped.
True
A Theory Y manager believes that under proper conditions, the average human being learns not only to accept but also to seek responsibility.
True
A research effort linking leadership and corporate responsibility defines responsible global leadership as encompassing values-based leadership, ethical decision making, and quality stakeholder relationships.
True
Japan is well known for its paternalistic approach to leadership.
True
Japanese executives are taught and tend to use variety amplification.
True
Ouchi's Theory Z combines Japanese and U.S. assumptions and approaches to leadership.
True
Paternalistic leadership is common throughout Latin America.
True
Theory Z leadership is associated with the work of:
William Ouchi.
Compared with nonentrepreneurs, entrepreneurs typically:
are more creative and innovative.
The research stream known as the study of ________ leaders has explored how the individual abilities of an executive work to inspire and motivate her or his subordinates.
charismatic
All of the following are relevant to the investigation of leadership in the now classic Haire, Ghiselli, and Porter study except:
communication skills.
All of the following are accurate depictions of the Japanese approach to leadership except:
control mechanisms are very explicit; people know exactly what to control and how to do it.
U.S. managers believe that to motivate workers, it is necessary to satisfy their:
higher-order needs.
Some believe that ________ are born, but ________ can be shaped.
leaders; managers
Positive organizational scholarship:
ocuses on positive outcomes, processes, and attributes of organizations and their members.
There is a tendency toward ________ leadership styles among young Arab middle management, as well as among highly educated managers of all ages.
participative
Bass found that the most effective managers were ________ leaders.
transformational
The creation of uncertainty and the analysis of many alternatives regarding future action is referred to as:
variety amplification.
U.S. executives are taught and tend to use ________, which is the limiting of uncertainty and the focusing of action on a limited number of alternatives.
variety reduction