MGT 305 Chpt 11

Sarah spends two hours a day for a week preparing for an exam. Her friend, Dinesh, only prepares for three hours the night before the exam and always has a grade at least 8 points higher. In which component of performance might Dinesh be considered stronger than Sarah? A) Ability B) Performance C) Motivation D) Skills

A) Ability

Which theory holds that needs are based on personality and are developed and learned as people interact with the environment? A) Acquired needs theory B) Hierarchy of needs theory C) ERG theory D) Two-factor theory

A) Acquired needs theory

Maslow's physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the acquired needs theory of motivation? A) Acquired needs theory does not include physiological and safety needs. B) Achievement C) Affiliation D) Power

A) Acquired needs theory does not include physiological and safety needs.

__________ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective. A) Expectancy B) Equity C) Valence D) Instrumentality

A) Expectancy

Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past five years. As the business has grown, Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point where he is working on over 10 projects every quarter. Saad's supervisor, Vance, wants Saad to hire two assistant managers to aid Saad in managing projects; however, while Saad agrees that he is becoming overwhelmed, he fears that additional employees will make completing the projects more difficult, which makes him hesitant to agree with Vance's plan. Saad appears to be stuck at which step of the motivational process? A) Motive B) Feedback C) Satisfaction or dissatisfaction D) Need

A) Motive

____________________ focus on understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs. A) Process motivation theories B) Content motivation theories C) Internal motivation theories D) Reinforcement theories

A) Process motivation theories

Due to increased competition, Yvonne's company, Caramel Industries, has announced that they will be making a workforce reduction. Yvonne recently bought a house and is worried that she will be part of the reduction. For Yvonne, which element of the hierarchy of needs is not being met? A) Safety B) Self-actualization C) Social D) Esteem

A) Safety

Lance started a new position last year but is having trouble fitting in. Though he likes his job and is doing well at it, he has yet to really get to know his coworkers and is starting to exhibit withdrawal behaviors. He finds himself missing his last job, where he had developed many close relationships with his coworkers. For Lance, which element of the hierarchy of needs is proving problematic? A) Social B) Self-actualization C) Safety D) Esteem

A) Social

Reinforcement theory answers which question? A) What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives? B) What can employees do to improve the company? C) How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs? D) What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?

A) What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?

Hierarchy of needs theory is one of the ______________. A) content motivation theories B) internal motivation theories C) process motivation theories D) reinforcement theories

A) content motivation theories

Instrumentality is part of the _________ theory. A) expectancy theory B) equity theory C) goal-setting theory D) reinforcement theory

A) expectancy theory

When reinforcement is based on output, it is called _______________. A) ratio B) quantitative C) interval D) intermittent

A) ratio

Maslow's physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the ERG theory of motivation? A) ERG theory does not include physiological and safety needs. B) Existence C) Growth D) Relatedness

B) Existence

In equity theory, the people we compare ourselves to are called __________. A) realistic comparators B) reward contrasts C) relevant others D) referent individuals

C) relevant others

Process motivation theories answer which question? A) What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives? B) How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs? C) What needs do employees have that should be met on the job? D) What can employees do to improve the company?

B) How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?

Arshdeep is studying for his Principles of Management final when he asks himself, "Why am I even doing this?" This is a problem with which component of performance? A) Skills B) Motivation C) Ability D) Resources

B) Motivation

Avoidance reinforcement can also be called? A) Coercive reinforcement B) Negative reinforcement C) Positive reinforcement D) Nonrepetitive reinforcement

B) Negative reinforcement

Compared to other motivation theories, __________ holds up fairly well cross-culturally because it is flexible. A) ERG theory B) expectancy theory C) acquired needs theory D) two-factor theory

B) expectancy theory

The maintenance factors of two-factor theory are also called __________. A) intrinsic motivators B) extrinsic motivators C) low motivators D) basic motivators

B) extrinsic motivators

Each of the following is a pay for performance approach, except __________. A) bonuses B) flexible spending accounts C) stock options D) profit sharing

B) flexible spending accounts

When the reinforcement is based on the passage of time, it is called _____________. A) chronological B) interval C) intermittent D) ratio

B) interval

The first step in the motivation process is __________. A) motive B) need C) behavior D) satisfaction or dissatisfaction

B) need

Your ability is ___________________________. A) what you decide to do B) what you are good at doing C) what you use to get things done D) what you like to do

B) what you are good at doing

In terms of acquired needs theory, managers tend to have __________. A) High n Pow, low n Ach, low n Aff B) High n Pow, low n Ach, high n Aff C) High n Pow, high n Ach, low n Aff D) High n Pow, high n Ach, high n Aff

C) High n Pow, high n Ach, low n Aff

Which of the following is not one of the five needs in the hierarchy of needs theory of motivation? A) Esteem needs B) Safety needs C) Intrinsic needs D) Social needs

C) Intrinsic needs

__________ are generally more interested in working for socially responsible companies and are even willing to take lower salaries with companies with good corporate social responsibility (CSR) reputations. A) Baby Boomers B) Traditionalists C) Millennials D) Generation X

C) MIllennials

After working at Caramel Industries for 10 years, Blair has decided to return to college to earn a master's of science in management, which is something she's felt she was meant to do for some time now. For Blair, which element of the hierarchy of needs explains her decision? A) Esteem B) Social C) Self-actualization D) Safety

C) Self-actualization

During which step of the giving praise process should you stop for a moment of silence? A) Step 2 B) Step 1 C) Step 3 D) Step 4

C) Step 3

Who created the formula for the expectancy theory? A) B. F. Skinner B) David McClelland C) Victor Vroom D) J. Stacy Adams

C) Victor Vroom

Each of the following needs from Maslow's hierarchy of needs is considered to be a maintenance factor under two-factor theory, except __________. A) social B) physiological C) esteem D) safety

C) esteem

Process motivation theories focus on ___________. A) understanding how consequences of employee behavior will motivate them to behave in predetermined ways B) understanding how employees learn their needs over time C) understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs D) identifying and understanding employees' needs

C) understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs

Clayton Alderfer agreed with Maslow that __________. A) people will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level needs have been satisfied B) people have five levels of needs C) unsatisfied needs motivate individuals D) people's needs are arranged in order of importance from basic to complex

C) unsatisfied needs motivate individuals

Jamal wants to hire employees who have a strong desire to achieve high levels of performance. He isn't interested in employees with a high need for power over others or relationships with others. Which of the following theories does Jamal agree mostly with? A) Hierarchy of needs theory B) Two-factor theory C) ERG theory D) Acquired needs theory

D) Acquired needs theory

There is a special project division at Empire Consulting in which teams select which projects the teams wants to pursue rather than simply being assigned a project by the manager. At their monthly meeting, the team is trying to decide between whether to take on a project regarding infrastructure budgeting or whether they should focus on employee performance levels companywide. Which part of motivational effort is primarily being assessed in the meeting? A) Persistence of effort B) Initiation of effort C) Intensity of effort D) Direction of effort

D) Direction of effort

What does initiation of effort refer to? A) What type of effort to engage in B) How long effort will persist C) Where to put the effort D) How much effort to exert

D) How much effort to exert

What are the three parts of effort? A) Initiation of effort, motivation of effort, and direction of effort B) Initiation of effort, persistence of effort, and correction of effort C) Motivation of effort, direction of effort, and process of effort D) Initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort

D) Initiation of effort, direction of effort, and persistence of effort

When giving an employee praise, where should you start? A) Stop for a moment of silence. B) Tell the employee how the organization benefits from their behavior. C) Encourage repeat performance. D) Tell the employee what they did correctly.

D) Tell the employee what they did correctly.

Job enrichment is most closely related to which motivational theory? A) Hierarchy of needs B) Reinforcement theory C) Acquired needs theory D) Two-factor theory

D) Two-factor theory

__________ refers to the value a person places on the outcome of a situation. A) Instrumentality B) Equity C) Expectancy D) Valence

D) Valence

How does positive reinforcement become extinction? A) When a third party receives an unforeseen negative consequence B) Positive reinforcement cannot become extinction. C) When the reward loses its value D) When a desirable action is not rewarded

D) When a desirable action is not rewarded

The two schedules of reinforcement are __________. A) continuous and discontinuous B) steady and intermittent C) steady and discontinuous D) continuous and intermittent

D) continuous and intermittent

The idea that achievable but difficult goals motivate employees is central to ____________. A) equity theory B) ERG theory C) expectancy theory D) goal-setting theory

D) goal-setting theory

Under equity theory, all of the following would be considered a possible input, except __________. A) status B) seniority C) intelligence D) pay

D) pay

The four types of reinforcement are _______________. A) direct, negative, punishment, and indirect B) reward, negative, absolute, and indirect C) valence, coercive, neutral, and inconsistent D) positive, avoidance, punishment, and extinction

D) positive, avoidance, punishment, and extinction

Motivation is ______________. A) the process of achieving organization objectives B) the need to achieve organization objectives C) the consequence of achieving organization objectives D) the willingness to achieve organization objectives

D) the willingness to achieve organization objectives

Clayton Alderfer agreed with Maslow that __________. A) people will not be motivated to satisfy a higher-level need unless the lower-level needs have been satisfied B) people's needs are arranged in order of importance from basic to complex C) people have five levels of needs D) unsatisfied needs motivate individuals

D) unsatisfied needs motivate individuals