MGT-305 Test #1 JSU (Wei Ning)

According to the Big Five personality dimensions, a person scoring high on _____ is trusting, good-natured, cooperative, and soft-hearted. A) Agreeableness B) Openness to experience C) Extraversion D) Emotional stability E) Conscientiousness

A) Agreeableness

Samantha has been asked to rate the two students who have joined her class recently. One of them is extremely diligent, submits her assignments on time and makes very clear presentations, while the other one puts in just enough efforts to get a passing grade, and is often not prepared for the presentations. Samantha, who avoids extreme judgments, rates both of them as near-average students. Which of the following perceptual errors is Samantha making in her rating? A) Contrast effect B) Recency effect C) Halo D) Leniency E) Central tendency

A) Contrast effect

Fulfilling one's needs, attaining important values, and being treated fairly at work are causes of _____. A) Job satisfaction B) Met expectations C) Absenteeism D) Employee turnover E) Emotional intelligence

A) Job satisfaction

_____ reflects a feeling of obligation to continue employment. A) Normative commitment B) Affective commitment C) Continuance commitment D) Emotional dissonance E) Cognitive dissonance

A) Normative commitment

A(n) _____ personality is defined as someone who identifies opportunities, is action-oriented, shows initiative, and perseveres to change things. A) Proactive B) Emotional stability C) Conscientiousness D) Extraversion E) Openness to experience

A) Proactive

_____ represents the specific capacity to physically manipulate objects. A) Skill B) Ability C) Self-efficacy D) Self-esteem E) Effort

A) Skill

According to Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, _____ refers to the perceived social pressure to perform or not to perform the behavior. A) Subjective norm B) Attitude toward the behavior C) Perceived behavioral control D) Predictor E) Intention

A) Subjective norm

Based on research on the Big Five personality dimensions, which of the following is true? A) The Big Five personality structure is valid across different cultures B) Openness to experience had the strongest positive correlation with training performance C) Agreeableness was a stronger predictor of job performance across all professions than was extraversion D) Conscientiousness was a weak predictor of job performance E) For managers and sales people, emotional stability was associated with job success

A) The Big Five personality structure is valid across different cultures

Which of the following is defined as, "continuous, customer-centered, employee-driven improvement?" A) Total quality management B) Contingency approach C) Open-systems perspective D) Refreezing process E) Organizational subculture

A) Total quality management

The boss of a Preamble Systems announced the employees would be going on a trip to San Francisco. A few employees liked the idea and a few of them disliked the idea. According to the nature of attitudes, these evaluations reflect the _____ component of the employees. A) Behavioral B) Affective C) Cognitive D) Normative E) Intellectual

B) Affective

According to Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, _____ refers to the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation or appraisal of the behavior in question. A) Intention B) Attitude toward the behavior C) Subjective norm D) Perceived behavioral control E) Predictor

B) Attitude toward the behavior

According to Schwartz's value theory, _____ is associated with restraint of actions, inclinations, and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms. A) Achievement B) Conformity C) Hedonism D) Universalism E) Security

B) Conformity

_____ is defined as the extent to which a person observes his or her own self-expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation. A) Cognition B) Self-monitoring C) Self-efficacy D) Self-esteem E) Personality

B) Self-monitoring

People with an external locus of control tend to _____. A) Be more agreeable than internals B) Prefer pay-for-performance compensation plans C) Attribute outcomes to environmental causes D) Believe they are in control of the events that affect their lives E) Credit positive events to their own abilities

C) Attribute outcomes to environmental causes

The _____ component of an attitude reflects the beliefs or ideas one has about an object or situation. A) Behavioral B) Objective C) Cognitive D) Normative E) Affective

C) Cognitive

_____ is a belief about one's own self-worth based on an overall self-evaluation. A) Self-confidence B) Self-efficacy C) Self-esteem D) Cognition E) Personality

C) Self-esteem

_____ is based on pessimistic and negative assumptions about human nature. A) Theory A B) Theory W C) Theory X D) Theory Y E) Theory Z

C) Theory X

Self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management are all components of _____. A) Self-monitoring B) Locus of control C) Self-efficacy D) Emotional intelligence E) Self-esteem

D) Emotional intelligence

According to the Big Five personality dimensions, a person scoring high on _____ is relaxed, secure, and unworried. A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Conscientiousness D) Emotional stability E) Openness to experience

D) Emotional stability

According to Schwartz's value theory, _____ includes pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself? A) Achievement B) Benevolence C) Universalism D) Hedonism E) Security

D) Hedonism

The three basic levels of analysis in organizational behavior are _____. A) Psychological, sociological, and statistical B) Emotional, physical, and cognitive C) Functional, business, and strategic D) Individual, group, and organizational E) Group, business, and environmental

D) Individual, group, and organizational

According to Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, _____ is assumed to reflect past experience as well as anticipated impediments and obstacles. A) Intention B) Attitude toward the behavior C) Subjective norm D) Perceived behavioral control E) Predictor

D) Perceived behavioral control

Another name for the Pygmalion effect is _____. A) Self-serving bias B) Selective attention C) Fundamental attribution bias D) Self-fulfilling prophecy E) Stereotyping

D) Self-fulfilling prophecy

Heavier workloads for employees combined with an increase in dual-income families, single working parents, and elder care responsibilities serve to increase _____. A) Work/family integration B) Job involvement C) Job satisfaction D) Work/family conflict E) Organizational commitment

D) Work/family conflict

_____ occurs when an employee reports a perceived unethical and/or illegal activity to a third party such as government agencies, news media, or public-interest groups. A. Blind trust B. Collusion C. Embezzlement D. Whistle-blowing E. Lapping

D. Whistle-blowing

According to the Big Five personality dimensions, a person scoring high on _____ is dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, and persistent. A) Extraversion B) Openness to experience C) Emotional stability D) Agreeableness E) Conscientiousness

E) Conscientiousness

Oliver stole three laptops from his workplace and sold them through an online buying and selling website. Oliver's stealing action is classified as a(n) _____. A) Normative commitment behavior B) Instrumental work behavior C) Affective commitment behavior D) Continuance commitment behavior E) Counterproductive behavior

E) Counterproductive behavior

_____ represent(s) an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving. A) Effort B) Values C) Skill D) Attitudes E) Intelligence

E) Intelligence

According to the Big Five personality dimensions, a person scoring high on _____ is intellectual, imaginative, curious, and broad-minded. A) Extraversion B) Agreeableness C) Conscientiousness D) Emotional stability E) Openness to experience

E) Openness to experience

_____ consists of employee behaviors that are beyond the call of duty and exceed work-role expectations. A) Fulfilled needs B) Met expectations C) Withdrawal cognitions D) Continuance commitment E) Organizational citizenship behaviors

E) Organizational citizenship behaviors

_____ is a cognitive process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings. A) The self-fulfilling prophecy B) A salient stimulus C) The fundamental attribution error D) Stereotypes E) Perception

E) Perception

_____ is defined as the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give the individual his or her identity. A) Cognition B) Self-monitoring C) Self-efficacy D) Self-esteem E) Personality

E) Personality

According to the Big Five personality dimensions, a person scoring high on _____ is outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive.

Extraversion

T/F) "We truly appreciate your hard work!" is an example of objective feedback.

False

T/F) A person's needs remain unchanged over his or her lifetime.

False

T/F) According to Richard S Lazarus, fright or anxiety is a goal congruent emotion.

False

T/F) According to the ERG theory, only one need may be activated at a time.

False

T/F) Among the Big Five personality dimensions, extraversion had the strongest positive correlation with job performance.

False

T/F) An ability represents the specific capacity to physically manipulate objects.

False

T/F) Emotional intelligence scores are a better predictor of job performance than the Big Five personality dimensions.

False

T/F) Encoding involves storage of information in long-term memory.

False

T/F) Good leaders are perceived to give preferential treatment to better performing members of a work unit.

False

T/F) In Schwartz's value theory, adjacent values like self-direction and universalism are negatively related.

False

T/F) In individualistic cultures people are socialized to "fit into the community and to do their duty." Thus, how an individualist feels about him or herself is less relevant to life-satisfaction.

False

T/F) Low managerial expectations will lead to enhanced employee performance.

False

T/F) Older workers are more accident prone than younger workers.

False

T/F) People who are low self-monitors are sometimes called chameleons because they can readily adapt their self-presentation to their surroundings.

False

T/F) People with an internal locus of control tend to attribute key outcomes in their lives to environmental causes, such as luck or fate.

False

T/F) Process theories of motivation focus on identifying instincts, needs, and job satisfaction that influence motivation.

False

T/F) Self-efficacy is functionally the same thing as self-esteem.

False

T/F) Semantic memory describes the appropriate sequence of events in well-known situations.

False

T/F) Successful performance depends solely on skill.

False

T/F) The purpose of a learning goal is to accomplish a specific end-result.

False

T/F) The recency effect is the tendency to remember old contacts, and then evaluate them by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people or objects.

False

T/F) A sex-role stereotype is the belief that traits and abilities make men and women particularly well suited for different roles.

True

T/F) According to Ajzen's theory of planned behavior, behavioral intentions are influenced by attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control.

True

T/F) According to Alderfer's ERG theory, frustration of higher-order needs can influence the desire for lower-order needs.

True

T/F) According to Herzberg, motivators are job characteristics associated with job satisfaction.

True

T/F) According to Kelley, people make causal attributions after gathering information about three dimensions of behavior: consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.

True

T/F) According to Maslow, having enough food, air, and water to survive is the most basic need.

True

T/F) According to McGregor's Theory X, people tend to procrastinate and loaf whenever they can.

True

T/F) According to psychologists there is a distinction between felt and displayed emotions.

True

T/F) An attitude is a learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object.

True

T/F) Attitudes have affective, cognitive, and behavioral components.

True

T/F) Cognitive dissonance represents the psychological discomfort a person experiences when his or her attitudes or beliefs are incompatible with his or her behavior.

True

T/F) Content theories of motivation focus on identifying internal factors influencing motivation.

True

T/F) Continuance commitment would be high if an individual has no job alternatives.

True

T/F) Counterproductive work behaviors are types of behavior that harm employees, the organization as a whole, or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholder.

True

T/F) Galatea effect occurs when an individual's high self-expectations lead to high performance.

True

T/F) Goal-setting directs attention, regulates effort, increases persistence, and fosters strategies and action plans.

True

T/F) Human capital is the productive potential of an individual's knowledge and actions.

True

T/F) Individual differences influence our values, attitudes, job satisfaction, and tendency to exhibit counterproductive workplace behaviors.

True

T/F) Individuals with high self-esteem see themselves as worthwhile, capable, and acceptable.

True

T/F) Information is retrieved from memory when people make judgments and decisions.

True

T/F) Intelligence is influenced by biological as well as environmental factors.

True

T/F) Job satisfaction is an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job.

True

T/F) Management by objectives is a management system that incorporates participation into decision making, goal setting, and objective feedback.

True

T/F) Motivation involves those psychological processes that cause the arousal, direction, and persistence of voluntary actions that are goal directed.

True

T/F) Needs are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.

True

T/F) Organizational commitment is composed of three separate but related components: affective commitment, normative commitment, and continuance commitment.

True

T/F) Organizational commitment reflects the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals.

True

T/F) Organizations are a social invention helping us to achieve things collectively that we could not achieve alone

True

T/F) People who believe they control the events that affect their lives are said to possess an internal locus of control.

True

T/F) People with a high learning goal orientation make efforts to achieve current tasks and to develop the ability to accomplish future tasks.

True

T/F) People with a high need for affiliation prefer to spend more time maintaining social relationships, joining groups, and wanting to be loved.

True

T/F) Performance management is an organizationwide system whereby managers integrate the activities of goal setting, monitoring and evaluating, providing feedback and coaching, and rewarding employees on a continuous basis.

True

T/F) Personal values essentially represent the things that have meaning to us in our lives.

True

T/F) Research has found a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and job performance.

True

T/F) Schwartz believes that values are motivational in that they "represent broad goals that apply across contexts and time."

True

T/F) Sex-role stereotypes are related to gender-based expectations that people use without any conscious awareness.

True

T/F) Social capital is productive potential resulting from strong relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperative effort.

True

T/F) Stereotypes are useful because they help us process the large amount of information that we receive daily.

True

T/F) The concept of psychological capital focuses on human strengths and potential as a way to possibly prevent mental and behavioral problems and improve the general quality of life.

True

T/F) The halo effect leads a rater to consistently evaluate other people or objects in an extremely positive fashion.

True

T/F) The proactive personality dimension is the most frequently studied of the Big Five personality dimensions.

True

T/F) Total quality management (TQM) is defined as continuous, customer-centered, employee-driven improvement.

True

T/F) Valence refers to the positive or negative value people place on outcomes.

True

T/F) When employees are free of any fears associated with trying new, innovative ideas or behaviors at work, they are said to have psychological safety.

True

T/F) When making equity judgments, people tend to compare themselves to similar others rather than dissimilar others.

True

T/F) Women are more emotionally expressive than men.

True