MGT 321 - Organizational Behavior
Experts estimate that about ________ 65% to 95%, of every conversation is interpreted through nonverbal communication.
65% to 95%
The age group that is least likely to utilize social media is:
65+.
Which of the following fields is not a field from which Organization Behavior draws?
Accounting
What kind of goals can be used in most jobs?
Behavioral
Simple/Obvious domain:
Best practices
Which of the following is not one of the Cs of team players?
Conscientious
a leader
Deals with the interpersonal aspects of a manager's job, Inspires others, provides emotional support, gets employees to rally around a common goal, Key role in creating a vision and strategic plan
__________ Decoding, occurs when receivers receive a message.
Decoding
___________ results from the potential or actual receipt of external rewards.
Extrinsic motivation
Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. Which is the most frequently blocked?
Jennifer is described by her friends as independent, distrusting authority, and technologically savvy. One of her strongest memories is the day of the Oklahoma City bombings. She is most likely to be a member of the _____ generation.
Gen Xers
step 2
Generate alternative solutions, Can use brainstorming, Need to slow down to evaluate a broader set of alternatives, Invest in studying a greater number of potential solutions
______ refers to amount of effort that we invest in an activity.
Intensity
Which of the following statements about the use of e-mail is false?
It hinders effective teamwork
Uncertainty Avoidance at work:
Necessity of rules, Time orientation, Precision & punctuality, Appropriateness of emotional displays
Which of the following statements is false?
Positive and negative emotions are polar opposites.
____________ reward, power tends to produce __________, compliance.
Reward; compliance.
Which of the following statements is false?
The contingency approach is just common sense.
Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, instituted a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers were paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable on the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers had increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected?
The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior.
The topic of diversity includes:
all of these.
People with high _________ core self-evaluations, see themselves as capable and effective.
core self-evaluations
CWB stands for:
counterproductive work behavior.
The need for self-confidence and strength is part of the need for::
esteem.
The categories of memory that social perception involves are:
event, semantic, and person.
To enhance a worker's expectancy, a manager could:
give feedback and coach the employee.
According to Professor Fred Luthans, people with high levels of positive psychological capital have high levels of:
hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism.
The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of persevering toward goals is:
hope.
The interactional perspective states that behavior is a function of:
interdependent person and environmental factors.
The generation that currently makes up the largest number of individuals in America is:
millennials.
_________ motivation, is the psychological process that arouses our interest in doing something.
motivation
Shawn is a member of the student ethics committee. In meetings, he sometimes appears to be paying attention, but at other times does not appear to be tracking the conversations. He rarely contributes to the discussions. He is exhibiting the __________ passive, style of listening.
passive
we pass up the better options because we compare to
past experiences, past or present opportunities,
Juan finishes the special report he is producing for the Vice President of Marketing. Juan has spent many extra hours compiling this report, and he knows it is of excellent quality. Juan is likely to be experiencing:
pride.
____________ Proactivity, is associated with entrepreneurialism.
proactivity
The greatest benefit of your education is developing:
problem-solving skills.
The part of Core Self Evaluation, CSE, that can best be enhanced because it is most flexible is:
self-efficacy
Psychological empowerment is related to:
self-efficacy.
The critical aspect of organizational politics is the emphasis on:
self-interest.
Sarah and Bill were recently hired at the local manufacturing plant. As part of the training process, Sarah and Bill met the other team members a number of times, and learned how to perform several administrative tasks, including scheduling work assignments for the team. Sarah and Bill's new team is an example of a _____
self-managed team
A(n) ______ is an individual's set of beliefs about the characteristics of a group.
stereotype
Competence trust is:
trust of capability.
According to Dan Gilbert:
we make bad decisions because we underestimated the odds of our future pains and overestimated the value of our present pleasures
The remedy for indirect blindness is:
when handing off work, ask if the assignment might invite unethical behavior.
A person who reports unethical behavior in his/her organization to management and/or the authorities is called a:
whistleblower.
Hope equals:
willpower plus waypower.
The need to have a goal and the determination to achieve it is known as:
willpower.
Kim lives and works in a small town, but she prefers life in a bigger city. She is dissatisfied with her current job and is thinking of leaving the organization. She is worried about her ability to find other employment that pays as well. Based on this information, Kim is experiencing
withdrawal cognitions
An individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting are called:
withdrawal cognitions.
Few people dominate:
‐ a few vocal people who dominate the discussion
Groupthink:
‐ strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action
A group member who says _____ "Let's accept and praise the various points of view", is performing a maintenance role.
"Let's accept and praise the various points of view."
The age group that is most likely to utilize social media is:
19-29.
Which of the following is not one of the stages of social perception?
Action and decision making
________ attention, is the process of becoming consciously aware of something or someone.
Attention
Juliet often takes office supplies home for her personal use. This is an example of:
CWB - counterproductive work behavior.
Which of the following is not one of the predominant models of the causes of job satisfaction?
Cognitive dissonance
Judgmental Heuristics, or "rules of thumb" are
Cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions • Can help managers make decisions but can lead to bad decisions
level 3 leader is a
Competent Manager: Organizes people and resources toward effective and efficient pursuit of predetermined objectives.
CSE stands for:
Core Self Evaluation
Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management?
Deciding how to measure performance
_________ defensiveness, occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened.
Defensiveness
Rules for brainstorming:
Defer judgment - Build on the ideas of others - Encourage wild ideas - Go for quantity or quality - Be visual - Stay focused on the topic - One conversation at a time
Which of the following statements about leadership effectiveness is false?
Demographic characteristics such as gender have no effect on leadership behaviors.
four types of decision making styles:
Directive: action oriented and decisive and like to focus on facts
What kind of a response is a manager completing when he or she eliminates the situation in which the problem occurs?
Dissolving
Professor Jones learns that faculty members in another college with the same degree, years of teaching experience, and publication record are making significantly more money than he is. He considers this unfair. Which aspect of justice is he reacting to?
Distributive
As HR Director at a large manufacturing firm, it is Henry's responsibility to ensure that employees are properly compensated according to a biweekly time schedule. Which of the following communication media should Henry choose to convey information?
Which of the following is not a benefit of virtual teams?
Easier to establish team cohesion
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an in-group exchange?
Economic exchange
Which of the following is not a suggestion as to improving communications between generations?
Embrace the most current technology
Ken recently completed his MBA degree. He has received two job offers. Which of the following theories is most useful in predicting the choice that Ken will make?
Expectancy theory
__________ holds that people are motivated to behave in ways that produce desired combinations of expected outcomes.
Expectancy theory
___________ Expectations and norms, about communication represent the key issue when considering communication across generations.
Expectations and norms
Bernoulli's 1738 Expected Utility Hypothesis
Expected utility (EU) equals probability of outcome (P) time value of outcome (V) (EU=PxV)
Which of the following statements about emotions is false?
Felt emotions are always displayed.
Masculinity vs. Femininity at work:
Femininity: equality, solidarity, quality of work life • Masculinity: equity, compete, performance • Conflict resolution
Which of the following is not a soft skill?
Financial analysis
Which of the following is not a characteristic of high performing teams?
Focused on group dynamics
______ Formal, groups are assigned by organizations or managers, while _______ informal, groups form when members' purpose of getting together is friendship or a common interest.
Formal; informal
In which stage of the group development process are group members uncertain about their roles, who's in charge, and the group's goals?
Forming
Approach: Gather more info on what you know or identify what you don't know.
Get enough info to move to a more defined domain.
In order to foster employee positivity, employers should do all but one of the following. Which one?
Give employees only positive feedback.
Which of the following statements about goals and goal setting is not true?
Goals should be set at a level just beyond reachable ("stretch" goals)
Delphi Technique
Group process that anonymously generates ideas or judgments from physically dispersed experts
Normative Model:
Guided by bounded rationality - the notion that decision makers are bounded or restricted by a variety of constraints when making decisions
The acronym for remembering the characteristics associated with PsyCap is:
HERO.
Individuals who are behavioral in decision making style:
Have a tendency to avoid conflict
Power is influencing others
Having power is having the ability to marshal human, informational and other resources to get something done.
Power Distance at Work
Hierarchy, Centralization, Salary range, Participation, Ideal Boss, Privilege & status symbols
Which of the following statements is true?
Human and social capital are both extremely important.
The making of new mental connections regarding the creative task or problem at hand is represented in the _________ idea generation, stage of the creative performance process.
Idea generation
Which of the following is true about balancing positive and negative emotions?
Ideally, we should try to have more positive experiences than negative.
Step 1
Identify the problem or opportunity, Determine the actual versus the desirable
Nash Equilibrium (Named after John Nash)
If all parties know the others' strategies, and there is nothing positive to be gained by changing strategies, nothing changes. Basically, "open" prisoner's dilemma.
step 4
Implement and evaluate the solution chosen • Stakeholders need to evaluate how effectively the solution solves the problem • If solution fails management can return to Stage 1
Which of the following statements about impression management is false?
Impression management is generally damaging to careers.
Which of the following is a tip for more effective PowerPoint presentations?
Include questions on slides.
Which of the following is not a way to reduce social loafing?
Increase group size
Which of the following is not a benefit of mindfulness?
Increased intelligence
Carl needs a day off, but he knows that David, his manager, won't grant the leave. Carl knows that David wants to shed a few kilos. Before asking for the leave, Carl compliments David on his build. David grants him the leave! What kind of an influence tactic did Carl use?
Ingratiation
_____________ results when an individual gains positive internal feelings that are generated by doing well.
Intrinsic motivation
Symptoms of Groupthink:
Invulnerability • Inherent Morality • Rationalization • Stereotyped Views of Opposition • Self‐Censorship • Illusion of Unanimity • Peer Pressure • Mindguards
Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7% of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can use the bonus money as a down payment on a new car for herself. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation?
It is extrinsically motivated.
Which of the following is not a characteristic of an out-group exchange?
Mutual liking
________ Needs, are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior.
Needs
___________ negative legitimate, coercive and reward, power tend to produce compliance.
Negative legitimate, coercive, and reward
Josh used to run into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. One morning, he left his home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again the next morning, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. Which of the following processes did Josh engage in?
Negative reinforcement
You own your own management consulting firm. At a recent seminar, the owner of a local supermarket chain asks you to help him differentiate between a coalition and a network. Which of the following would be a correct response?
Networks are people-oriented.
________ Noise, is anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of a message.
Noise
How many of the top four skills desired by managers for the top 10 jobs in 2013 are "hard skills"?
None
Linguistic style includes all but one of the following. Which one?
Nonverbal behavior
___________ Nonverbal communication, is any message sent or received independent of the written or spoken word.
Nonverbal communication
Group cohesiveness, when it occurs, tends to develop during which stage of the group development process?
Norming
In which stage of the group development process do group members resolve their power struggles so that something can be accomplished?
Norming
Tracy has been part of a work group for some weeks now. Although in the beginning there were a few arguments and fights, they were resolved with time and Tracy feels a definite sense of team spirit that gets her excited about work. Which of the following stages is Tracy's group experiencing?
Norming
Which of the following statements about norms is not true?
Norms are typically written down and discussed openly by groups.
Melissa's manager set a goal that she should be able to produce 16 widgets per hour. This is a(n) ________ goal.
Objective
What kind of goals is best for jobs with clear and readily measured outcomes?
Objective
______ Onboarding, programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.
Onboarding
OCB stands for:
Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Which of the following are Core Self Evaluations, CSEs not related to?
Organizational citizenship behaviors
In the Integrative Framework, which of the following is an outcome?
Organizational turnover
Flourishing represents the extent to which our lives contain:
PERMA
Which of the following is not a principle of persuasion?
People tend to resent and disrespect credible experts.
Which of the following is not positively correlated with job satisfaction?
Perceived stress
In which stage of the group development process is the group focused on solving task problems?
Performing
Which of the following is not a key principle of conscious capitalism?
Shareholder centrism
First, they attend people: get rid of the wrong people, usher the right ones into the right position.
Then level 5 leaders focus on strategy
________ is a positive set of assumptions about people at work.
Theory Y
Complex is the domain of emergent solutions.
There are unknown unknowns — you don't even know the right questions to ask. Even beginning to understand the problem requires experimentation. The final solution is only apparent once discovered.
Which of the following is not a form of human capital?
Trust
Brainstorming is
Used to help groups generate multiple ideas and alternatives for solving problems
Which of the following is not a behavior that research found in the employees' schemata of good leaders?
Using an autocratic approach
_______ represents what individuals and organizations aspire to be when they are at their very best.
Virtuousness
A group becomes a team when
accountability shifts from strictly individual to both individual and collective.
Characteristics of apologies
acknowledgement of wrongdoing, acceptance of responsibility, expression of regret, promise the offence will not be repeated
Eileen is on a five-person team in her business strategy class. Eileen contributes frequently in discussions in the twice-weekly team meetings. She is exhibiting the ______ active, style of listening.
active
If a person wants to be an effective listener, he or she should:
actively try to help the sender convey his or her message.
Bill, who has an internal locus of control, failed his last history test. He is apt to respond to this grade by:
admitting that he hadn't studied hard enough to prepare himself.
The type of goal most relevant for knowledge work is:
behavioral.
IDs stand for:
individual differences
The use of implicit cognitions:
leads people to make biased decisions.
The highest degree of empowerment is:
power distribution.
Individuals or organizations have _______ reward, power if they can obtain compliance by promising or delivering positive reinforcement.
reward
Characteristics that are quickly apparent to interactants are called:
surface-level.
Individualist societies, example: USA
ties are loose and everyone looks out for himself or herself
When monitoring performance, a manager should pay attention:
to both progress toward goal achievement and the ultimate level of goal achievement.
Recent research shows that in early stages of team development, teams perform better when members have a high:
tolerance for uncertainty.
Dr. Beswick enjoys teaching college courses. He likes the salary he receives as well as the ability to travel in summers. However, he also finds the job challenging and enjoyable. This would imply that he is working for:
total rewards.
A group member who says ___________ "Let's focus on the main goal here. What are we trying to accomplish?", is performing a task role.
"Let's focus on the main goal here. What are we trying to accomplish?"
Research has shown that on average, the younger segment of the baby-boomer generation is likely to have held about _______ jobs in their lifetime.
10
About what percent of the labor force holds a college degree?
35%
A process that involves an individual comparing perceptions of his or her of performance with those of managers, subordinates, and peers is called:
360-degree feedback.
About __________ 87,% of U.S. employees were satisfied with their jobs in 2011.
87
In hindsight it seems obvious, but it was not apparent at the outset. No matter how much time you spend in analysis, it is not possible to identify the risks or accurately predict the solution or effort required to solve the problem.
: Develop and experiment to gather more knowledge. Execute and evaluate. As you gather more knowledge, determine your next steps. Repeat as necessary, with the goal of moving your problem into the "Complicated" domain.
Which of the following stimuli would be most salient?
A twelve-year-old student in an MBA class.
Behavioral: supportive, receptive to suggestions, show warmth, and prefer verbal to written
Advantages of Group Decision Making: Greater Pool of Knowledge; Different Approaches to a Problem; Greater Commitment to a Decision; Better Understanding of Decision Rationale; More Visible Role Modeling
________ Casual attributions, are suspected or inferred causes of behavior.
Causal attributions
Which of the following is the least fixed of a person's individual differences?
Emotions
Personality types
Extraverted or Introverted, Sensing or iNtuitive, Thinking or Feeling, Judging or Perceiving
Of the following, which is the most frequently experienced?
Love
High levels of uncertainty avoidance: Russia
Low levels of uncertainty avoidance: Hong Kong
What kind of a response is a manager making when he or she chooses a satisfactory but not ideal solution?
Resolving
A decision environment in which the context is stable, with clear cause-and-effect relationships, is categorized as:
Simple
Someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change is described as:
a proactive personality.
In the leniency perceptual error, a person:
consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion.
The idea that a manager should do what the situation requires is captured by the term:
contingency approach.
Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule.
continuous
If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect.
continuous
CSE stands for:
core self-evaluation.
The process of translating thoughts into a code or language that can be understood by others is known as:
encoding.
Big Five personality dimensions
extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience
In social capital, the focus shifts from the _________individual, to the ____________ social unit.
individual; social unit
A problem:
is a gap between an actual and a desired situation.
The first step of the social perception process is:
selective attention and comprehension.
In solving a problem, a manager:
selects the optimal response
Personal competence is composed of:
self-awareness and self-management.
Judging or Perceiving
the basic day-to-day lifestyle that we prefer
OCB stands for:
organizational citizenship behavior.
____________ is defined as employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines:
organizational climate.
The host of procedures, policies, routines, and rules that organizations use to get things done are known as:
organizational practices.
When we give a pass to unethical behavior if the outcome is good, this is called:
overvaluing outcomes.
The popular term for linking monetary incentives with results or accomplishments is:
pay for performance.
Collectivist societies, example: Hong Kong
people integrated into strong, cohesive groups; protection is exchanged for loyalty
Sustainable businesses tend to be run by CEOs who are:
people-centered.
The process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings is called:
perception.
Barry set himself a goal of bowling at least one game above 250 (out of 300 possible) before the end of the season. This is a ________ goal.
performance
The two basic types of goals are:
performance and learning.
Teams are task groups that have matured to the _____ performing, stage.
performing
Regarding the relative importance of personal and technical skills:
personal skills become more important as job level increases.
The combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that gives individuals their unique identity is known as:
personality.
The five needs identified in Maslow's needs hierarchy model, in order from lowest to highest, are:
physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
In Maslow's needs hierarchy theory, _______ is the lowest level and __________ is the highest level.
physiological; self-actualization
Prosocial behaviors are:
positive acts performed without expecting anything in return.
The process of strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing is known as:
positive reinforcement.
The _______ effect is the attraction of all living systems toward that which is life-giving and away from that which is life-depleting.
positivity
The ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experience in order to purposefully adapt to, shape, and select environments is called:
practical intelligence.
A difference between an actual and a desired situation is called a:
problem.
The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called:
procedural justice.
Alfredo set a goal of completing the literature review portion of his research paper by Sunday night. This is a ________ goal.
project
Barney was late to work one morning, so he drove over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he got pulled over by a police officer and received a ticket. This scenario is an instance of __________.
punishment
Two models of decision making
rational and nonrational
The perceptual model of communication depicts communication as a process in which:
receivers create meaning in their own minds. feedback is not important.
To minimize halo perceptual error, a manager should:
record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year.
Therese is a charismatic person who is often able to get other employees to work late on special projects by being very friendly and fun to be around. She is exercising her ______ referent, power.
referent
Professor Jones asks Professor Brown to cover class for her while she is out of town.They are good friends and Professor Brown not only covers the class, but develops a special lecture for the students. Professor Jones is using her _______ referent, power and Professor Brown is ________ committed.
referent; committed
Imelda's life is difficult right now. Her husband and she recently decided to divorce and she is now a single parent of two pre-teenagers. They are good kids, but it is difficult taking care of them and managing her full-time job as a middle manager. Imelda has started taking work home at night and finishing projects at night after her children are in bed. Imelda is likely exhibiting
resilience.
The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of sustaining effort when beset by problems and adversity is:
resilience.
A person who is passive-aggressive in reaction to another's influence attempt is exhibiting:
resistance
Hugh tried his best to convince Irene about a new business proposal, but Irene presented some good counterarguments and stalled the proposal. This is an example of:
resistance.
Anne, a manager, hires the first person she interviews because she believes that person can do the job adequately. Anne is:
resolving the problem.
In the ________ selective attention and comprehention, stage of social perception, people choose to perceive subsets of environmental stimuli
selective attention and comprehension
Knowing who you are and what you want is known as:
self-awareness.
Groups of workers who are given administrative oversight for their task domains are called:
self-managed teams.
The ______ sender, is the person wanting to communicate information, and the _______ receiver, is the person, group, or organization for whom the message is intended.
sender; receiver
An emotion that is similar to, but more low key than joy, is:
serenity.
The steps of implementing a goal-setting program are, in order:
set the goal, promote goal commitment, provide support and feedback, and create action plan.
Compared to men, women are more likely to:
share credit.
helpers
show deference to and comply with the leadership
rebels
show divergence from the leader and are least compliant
According to research, the most effective teams are those with:
similar levels of conscientiousness and mixed extraversion
One characteristic that would describe an organization without positive OB is:
single-minded focus on winning.
Coercive power has a
slightly negative effect
Reward and legitimate power have a
slightly positive effect
Roberto is a manager at XYZ Corporation. Every day, he eats lunch in the company cafeteria so he can learn the latest news and rumors. He is exhibiting his:
social awareness.
Research shows that, in general:
social capital can improve operations.
Halim hires a new employee who best meets the characteristics he is looking for in the ideal employee. He is:
solving the problem.
In the context of goal setting, SMART stands for:
specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, time-bound.
Impression management is any attempt to control or manipulate the images related to a person, organization or idea using:
speech, behavior and appearance
When involved in a crucial conversation, a manager should avoid:
starting with the most controversial elements.
Joyce finds that the members of the project team are all athletes. She immediately considers dropping the class because she thinks her experience with that team will be negative. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a:
stereotype
In the ________ storage and retention, stage of the social perception process, we utilize separate compartments for events, semantic materials, and people.
storage and retention
Negative reinforcement is:
strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.
Goal Displacement:
such as winning an argument, getting back at a rival, or trying to impress the boss ‐ primary goal is overridden by a secondary goal
Yang of level 5:
superb results, strives for long-term results regardless of the difficulty, sets standards for greatness, credits others people, luck, external factors for their success
Karrin notices immediately that one of the members assigned to her group in her marketing class is a middle-aged man. This is a(n) _______ characteristic.
surface-level
The self-serving bias states that we tend to:
take more responsibility for success than failure.
The idea that a manager should use Organizational Behavior concepts and tools that are situationally appropriate is known as:
the contingency approach.
Extrinsic rewards come from ________ and intrinsic rewards come from ________.
the environment; oneself
Power Distance
the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations within a country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally
Uncertainty Avoidance
the extent to which the members of a culture feel threatened by uncertain or unknown situations
Leader-member exchange theory focuses on:
the leader's relationships with followers.
A low instrumentality means that:
the person does not believe putting forth effort will result in gaining a reward.
An expectancy of zero means that:
the person does not feel confident in his/her ability to do the job.
A low valence means that:
the person does not value the outcomes.
A low valence means that::
the person does not value the outcomes.
Naturalist intelligence is:
the potential to live in harmony with one's environment.
Auditors at XYZ Company accept a client firm's questionable financial statements when the infractions have occurred over time. This is an example of:
the slippery slope.
When we are less able to see other's unethical behavior because it has developed gradually, this is called:
the slippery slope.
Regarding using personality testing as part of the hiring process, experts have concluded that:
the typical personality test is not a valid predictor of job performance.
The theory of motivation that focuses on two sharply contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature is:
theory X and Theory Y.
In an ethical dilemma
there are two choices, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner.
In an ethical dilemma,
there are two choices, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable manner.
Contractual trust is:
trust of character.
Communication trust is:
trust of disclosure.
the Cynefin framework has 5 areas:
unordered areas: complex and chaotic, ordered, ordered ares: complicated and simple, and disorder
To manage e-mail effectively, an employee should:
use a spell-checker.
Which of the following is not one of the suggestions coming out of the TED protocol?
use the latest technology available to appear to be up to date.
Intuition is a nonrational model of decision making. Pros for using intuition:
useful when resources are limited, speeds up decision making
Genevieve is a very religious person who volunteers for her church on weekends. Her manager immediately thinks of her to help out with a fund. The manager's action reflects the __________ value attainment, model of job satisfaction.
value attainment
The _________ value attainment, model suggests that managers should structure the work environment and rewards to match employees.
value attainment
Abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations are known as:
values.
Philip got a mail from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This instance is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement.
variable interval
The most effective schedules of reinforcement are:
variable ratio and variable interval.
Teams that work together over time and distance via electronic media to combine efforts and achieve common goals are called:
virtual teams.
The need to see one or more alternative paths to achieve a goal, even when faced with adversity, is called:
waypower.
_______ is(are) an artificial intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occurred in the past.
Affirmative action
Which of the following is a surface-level characteristic of a person?
Age
Consensus in Group Decision Making is reached when
All members can say they either agree with the decision or have had their say and were unable to convince others of their viewpoint - Everyone agrees to support the outcome
Organizational Behavior includes all but one of the following. Which one?
All of the these are included in Organizational Behavior: Managing self, peers, bosses, subordinates
Given enough time, you could reasonably identify known risk and devise a relatively accurate plan. Expertise is required, but the work is evolutionary, not revolutionary.
Approach: Sense the problem and analyze. Apply expert knowledge to assess the situation and determine a course of action. Execute the plan.
Your initial solution may not be the best, but as long as it works, it's good enough. Once you've stopped the bleeding, you can take a breath and determine a real solution.
Approach: Triage. Once you have a measure of control, assess the situation and determine next steps. Take action to remediate or move your problem to another domain.
_________ happens when our minds are racing or wandering, resulting in compulsive daydreaming or fantasizing.
Attentional hyperactivity
The layers of diversity include all but one of the following. Which one?
Attributional
Of the following, which is the least frequently experienced?
Awe
According to research, the relationship between job performance and job satisfaction is best summarized by which of the following statements?
Both variables indirectly influence each other.
In groupthink, the illusion of unanimity is likely to:
Cause groups to interpret silence as assent
Chaotic is the domain of novel solutions
Characteristics: As the name implies, this is where things get a bit crazy. Things have gone off the rails and the immediate priority is containment. Example: Production defects. Your initial focus is to correct the problem and contain the issue.
Disorder is the space in the middle.
Characteristics: If you don't know where you are, you're in "Disorder." Priority one is to move you to a known domain.
Which of the following statements about the effect of power is true?
Coercive power has a slightly negative effect.
Which of the following is not one of the competencies (Cs) of effective teams?
Competitiveness
Analytical: careful decision makers who take longer to make decisions but who also respond well to new or uncertain situations
Conceptual: broad perspective to problem solving and like to consider many options and future possibilities
Alexis, a customer service supervisor at ABC Airlines, typically seeks the full participation of her team members when planning, making important decisions, and implementing changes. Which one of the nine generic influence tactics is she using?
Consultation
level 2 leader is a
Contributing Team Member: Contributes to the achievement of group objectives; works effectively with others in a group setting.
Which of the following is not an example of a crucial conversation?
Conveying routine feedback
Managers should attempt to raise subordinates' self-efficacy by all but one of the following. Which one?
Creating routine jobs that are boring but easy to perform
_________ Crucial conversations, are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.
Crucial conversations
level 4 leader is an
Effective Leader: Catalyzes commitment to and vigorous pursuit of a clear and compelling vision; stimulates the group to high performance and standards.
Which of the following is not one of the basic dimensions of the Big Five personality dimensions?
Emotional intelligence
Which of the following is not an element of emotional intelligence?
Emotional stability
________ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target.
Emotions
Individualism vs. Collectivism at work
Employee-employer relationship, Hiring and promotion decisions, Managerial focus, Task vs. relationship priority
Which of the following statements is true?
Employees' level of flourishing is related to organizational outcomes such as productivity and financial performance.
Which of the following is not a component of virtuous leadership?
Engagement
You are late in the preparation for your final report. You run into a friend who is great at computer graphics. You say, "I need your help for my project. If you could come help me with these graphics, I will complete your spreadsheets." Which influence tactic are you using with your friend?
Exchange
_________ is removing consequences from an undesirable behavior.
Extinction
Which forms of consequences weaken an undesirable behavior?
Extinction and punishment
___________ is associated with success for managers and salespeople.
Extraversion
Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation?
Face-to-face conversation
Delphi technique is useful when:
Face‐to‐face discussions are impractical • Disagreements and conflict may occur • Group domination is an issue • Groupthink is likely
Peter is part of a newly formed work group. He has been introduced to the members, but he still feels like he cannot trust them. The group has not yet chosen a leader, and Peter feels unsure about his exact role within the group. Which of the following stages is Peter's group currently in?
Forming
Proactivity has been shown to be related to all but one of the following. Which one?
Intelligence
Which of the following statements about linguistic style is not true?
It is not useful for understanding differences between generations
__________ job design theory, is one form of motivation by which a manager can accomplish structural empowerment.
Job design theory
Which of the following is not a behavior that would build trust?
Keep information to yourself
Which of the following is not a tip for increasing goal commitment and success?
Keep your goals to yourself
loos out the window, not into mirror
Leave company in the hands of incoming level 5 successor.
Ethan tried to convince his subordinates to accept a new policy by showing them that the policy is consistent with the organizational rules and policies. He also showed them that the people above him had already supported and sanctioned the policy. What influence tactic was Ethan using?
Legitimating tactics
*Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making?
Less pressure to conform
___________ is defined as belonging to and serving something that you believe is bigger than yourself.
Meaningfulness
___________ Media richness, involves the capacity of a given communication medium to convey information and promote understanding.
Media richness
Which of the following is not an outcome likely to result from positive emotions?
More conformity to others' opinions
These constraints include:
Personal Characteristics and Lack of Internal or External Resources; Result in a Tendency to Acquire Manageable Rather than Optimal Amounts of Information; Leads to Satisficing - a Solution that is Good Enough
Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior?
Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement
Hofstede Cultural Framework
Power Distance, Individualism vs. Collectivism, Masculinity vs. Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long Term Orientation
Core self-evaluations represent a broad personality trait comprised of all but one of the following. Which one?
Proactivity
Characteristics:
Problems are well understood and solutions are evident. Solving problems requires minimal expertise. Many issues addressed by help desks fall into this category. They are handled via pre-written scripts.
Many issues addressed by help desks fall into this category. They are handled via pre-written scripts.
Problems here are well known. The correct approach is to sense the situation, categorize it into a known bucket, and apply a well-known, and potentially scripted, solution.
Well-being is the combined impact of all but one of the following. Which one?
Productivity
Which of the following is not something a manager should do when giving feedback?
Provide feedback about an aspect of a job that is beyond the individual's control
What has been shown by research to reduce social loafing?
Providing hybrid rewards
External factors include all but one of the following. Which one?
Putting forth effort
What's good about the rational model?
Quality - follows logically from knowledge and expertise; Transparency - reasoning is transparent and able to be scrutinized; Responsibility - discourages decider from acting on suspect considerations
Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making?
Rational decision making is a struggle
What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance?
Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables.
Which of the following is not an example of a hygiene factor?
Recognition
_______ referent, power comes into play when one's personal characteristics and social relationships become the reason for compliance.
Referent
Which of the following is not a technique for managers to reduce the effect of implicit cognitions in hiring?
Rely on stereotypes
Which of the following is not a suggestion for managers who want to reduce voluntary turnover?
Reward all employees equally
*position powers, and they produce compliance are:
Reward, Coercive, Negative legitimate
Which of the following is not a motivating factor?
Salary
In Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory,
Satisfaction comes from motivating factors, and dissatisfaction comes from hygiene factors.
Which of the following is not one of the basic elements of selecting an effective solution?
Selecting an Organizational Behavior concept or topic to apply
__________ Self-efficacy, is a person's belief about his or her chances of successfully completing a task.
Self-efficacy
Which of the following statements about self-efficacy is true?
Self-efficacy can be developed.
_________ is your general belief about your own self-worth.
Self-esteem
Kelly found that she was the only woman in her advanced statistics course, which had 30 students. Which of the following best describes Kelly's situation?
She will be perceived as a salient stimulus by her classmates and thus receive their attention.
Short-term orientation, example: USA
Social pressure to 'keep up with the Joneses' • small savings • expect quick results
Positive nonverbal actions include all but one of the following. Which one?
Speaking very slowly
Which of the following is not a form of social support?
Spending time discussing your own vision for yourself
Which of the following is a form of social capital?
Status
Which of the following is not an element of an effective social media policy?
Stay away from defining what is considered illegal.
In which stage of the group development process do group members try to determine how they fit into the power structure?
Storming
Which of the following is not one of the top four skills desired by employers?
Teamwork
__________ allows employees to do all or some of their work from home using telecommunication technology and internet tools.
Telecommuting
Groupthink is a mode of thinking that people engage in when:
They are deeply involved in a cohesive in‐group - Members' strivings for unanimity override their motivation to realistically appraise alternative courses of action
Pioneers in application of carefully selected technologies, making bald, farsighted investments.
They portray 3 forms of discipline: discipline people, though and action.
______ trust, is a reciprocal belief that another person will consider how their intentions and behaviors will affect you.
Trust
Research has found that employees' use of social media is positively related to all but one of the following. Which one?
Turnover
Which of the following is not a factor in media richness?
Whether a medium involves electronic methods
Giovanni says, "I can run a mile in under 5 minutes." He is expressing:
a high self-efficacy.
Research has shown that:
a person's behavior and performance are a function of interdependent person and environmental factors.
Compassion is:
a shared value that drives people to help others who are suffering.
If a person attributes outcomes to luck or fate, that person is likely to have:
an external locus of control.
Communication competence is:
an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context. sensitivity to media richness.
People with __________ internal locus of control, see themselves as masters of their own fate.
an internal locus of control
Meaning, Competence, Self-Determination and Impact at work
are related to self-efficacy and lead to psychological empowerment, which is relate
A person can build his/her human capital by:
assessing his/her strengths and weaknesses.
Managers must accurately identify and communicate the behavioral characteristics and results they look for in good performance:
at the beginning of a review cycle.
The generation described as workaholic, idealistic, competitive, and materialistic is:
baby boomers.
The "law of effect" states that:
behavior with favorable consequences tends to be repeated.
The manager of the Conquest Casino notices that the security employees at the casino are treating customers impersonally. He sets a goal that they should make better eye contact and treat customers in a friendlier manner. This is a _______ goal.
behavioral
managers should make rational decisions by
being completely objective and possess complete information, demonstrate excellent logic and optimize that for organization's best interst
Response to failures:
blame shifting - others; taking responsibility - oneself; blame is denied - nothing is wrong
Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error.
central tendency
Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class. She rated everyone as a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale. This is an example of ___________ perceptual error.
central tendency
A document that describes how a team will operate is called a:
charter.
Getting others to support your efforts to persuade someone is called:
coalition tactics.
Alexa, a manager, explains to Harvey that if he is late to work one more time in the next six weeks he will be suspended without pay for a day. Alexa is exercising _______ coercion, power.
coercion
Perception is a _______ cognitive, process that enables us to interpret and understand our surroundings.
cognitive
It makes sense for managers and organizations to hire people based on their:
cognitive abilities.
The best possible influence outcome is __________ commitment, because the target person's intrinsic motivation energizes good performance.
commitment
Fiona used an influence tactic on Gerald and got him to enthusiastically agree to her proposal. Gerald demonstrated initiative and persistence while completing the assignment. This is an example of:
commitment.
The exchange of information between a sender and a receiver, and the inference of meaning between the individuals involved, is known as:
communication.
Yin of level 5:
compelling modesty, acts with quiet, calm determination
Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, was concerned that his classes were not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asked his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes this term, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passed out forms to his students at the end of the term, asking the same. He was __________. creating a contrast effect
conducting a 360 degree feedback process
An organization with a purpose beyond profitability, interdependence with stakeholders, conscious leadership and conscious culture is practicing:
conscious capitalism.
Kelley hypothesized that people make causal attributions by observing:
consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency.
To make good impression, one should:
consider ones ornaments, remember body language, set intention, get rid of bad mood, be interested and interesting
Evaluating people or objects by comparing them with characteristics of other recently observed people or objects is known as the ________ perceptual error.
contrast effects
Self-efficacy is a component of:
core self-evaluation.
In an out-group exchange, a leader is attempting to:
create more formality in expectations and rewards.
In an in-group exchange, a leader is attempting to:
create trust and mutual obligation.
Chuck is concerned with what he considers to be an unfair situation at work. Although he put in 10 hours of overtime last week, he received the same pay as a co-worker who didn't put in any overtime. This week he decided to take an extra hour for lunch every day. Using the terminology of equity theory, Chuck has decided to ____.
decrease his inputs
Folding arms, crossing hands, and crossing legs communicate:
defensiveness.
The first stop of the three-stop journey (or approach) of the Integrated Framework is:
define the problem
In power distribution, the manager adopts the _____ delegation, style.
delegation
The first of the basic elements for selecting an effective solution is:
determine the criteria for the decision.
Considerations about how you move and about your eye contact with your audience are part of the __________ develop your stage presence, step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
develop your stage presence
Motivation refers to the psychological processes that underlie:
direction, intensity, and persistence of behavior or thought.
The idea that some people are always satisfied, and others are always dissatisfied, is captured by the ________ dispositional components, model.
dispositional components
Jonathan decides that rather than hire an employee to replace someone who left, he will eliminate the position. Jonathan is:
dissolving the problem.
Bad impression happens when one:
doing only the minimum, having a negative mindset, is overcommitting, taking no initiative, delivers bad new last minute
The ability to monitor one's own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and to use this information to guide one's thinking and actions is called:
emotional intelligence.
Klaus works in a very stressful job, but maintains his "cool" even in the worst times. He is likely to score high on ________.
emotional stability
People who are relaxed, secure, and unworried are likely to score high on:
emotional stability.
Harry is thinking about meeting Connie. He writes a text message to Connie, inviting her for a drink at the local bar. This is an example of _________
encoding
In the ________ encoding and simplification, stage of social perception, people choose to perceive subsets of environmental stimuli.
encoding and simplification
In the ________ encoding and simplification, stage of social perception, we translate raw information into mental representations.
encoding and simplification
The millennial generation is described as:
entitled, civic-minded, closely involved with parents.
In the Integrative Framework, inputs (in part) consist of:
environmental characteristics.
Several people have quit the administrative support unit of the company recently. About that time, a new company moved into the area with a better health care plan and comparable wages. The most likely Organizational Behavior perspective to apply is:
environmental.
The idea underlying the __________ equity model is that satisfaction is tied to how fairly an individual is treated at work.
equity
The model of motivation that explains how people strive for fairness and justice is:
equity theory.
The need for prestige and reputation is part of the need for:
esteem.
The feeling that one's cultural rules and norms are superior or more appropriate than the rules and norms of another culture is known as:
ethnocentrism
An individual's belief that a particular degree of effort will be followed by a particular level of performance is called a(an):
expectancy.
Jeff has been a project assistant for XYZ Corporation for five years. Recently he was asked to train Harriet, a new employee. He suggests to her that she use an Excel worksheet to lay out the projects she is currently working on, and she complies. He is using _______ expert, power.
expert
Valued knowledge or information gives an individual ________ expert, power over those needing that information.
expert
Nonrational Models of Decision Making
explains how managers actually make decisions - Normative model - Intuition model
Polly worked as a bartender. A few people used to wave money at her so that she would serve them first. She found this to be rude and, hence, either ignored them or always served them last. People came to realize that she served only the people who waited politely, and much of the rude behavior stopped. Polly used the model of __________.
extinction
Allen used to make suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance could be improved. Although his boss always said they were great ideas, they were never acted upon. Allen then stopped making suggestions. This is an example of:
extinction.
People who are outgoing, talkative, sociable, and assertive are likely to score high on:
extraversion.
The richest form of communication is:
face-to-face exchanges.
Rebecca e-mailed a wedding invitation to her cousin Shawn. A few days later, she got a reply saying that he can't make it to the wedding because he will not be able to get any vacation. In the communication process, Shawn's reply is an example of __________
feedback
Information about performance shared with those in a position to improve the situation is known as:
feedback.
When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender's message, this is:
feedback.
Organizations typically rely on __________ schedules.
fixed interval and fixed ratio
The concept of ________ is defined as a state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake.
flow
The capacity to foster collective abandonment of justified resentment, bitterness, and blame is known as:
forgiveness.
The stages of the group development process, in order, are:
forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.
Thinking about what your audience already knows about your subject is part of the _________ frame your story, step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
frame your story
The first step in the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations is:
frame your story.
Core self-evaluation
generalized self-efficacy, self-esteem, locus of control, and emotional stability.
Expert and referent power have a
generally positive effect
A person can build his/her social capital by:
getting a mentor.
Cons for using intuition:
good ideas may be ignored, may have difficulty convincing others, subject to bias
Susan, a management major, is taking an overload of classes this term. On a team project in one of her classes, one of her teammates sees how busy she is and does the final proofreading of the team project for her. Susan is likely to be feeling:
gratitude.
Joe, a hard and productive worker, quit because he couldn't get along with his coworkers. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ________ level problem.
group
A ______ group role, is a set of expected behaviors for member of the group as a whole.
group role
XYZ Corporation changed the way the typing pool is organized from a self-managed team to a more traditional structure. Since then, three of the seven employees have left the organization. The Organizational Behavior perspective to apply is:
group.
Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level of all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error.
halo
Forming an overall impression about a person or object and then having that impression bias ratings about that person or object is known as the ________ perceptual error.
halo
Pat and Chris are both computer programmers, but Pat earns more money than Chris. However, Chris perceives an equitable relationship because Pat:
has more education and experience.
Most entrepreneurs:
have bachelor's degrees.
People with an internal locus of control:
have stronger expectations that effort leads to performance.
Research has demonstrated that organizational citizenship behavior is positively related to:
higher performance ratings and lower organizational costs.
level 1 leader is a
highly capable individual, who Makes productive contributions through talent, knowledge, skills, and good work habits
Sensing or iNtuitive
how we take in information
The productive potential of an individual's knowledge, skills, and experiences is known as:
human capital.
Pascal is a customer service representative who handles phone inquiries. He has a goal of handling 12 calls per hour. When he gets a customer with a complex situation, he tends to become short with that person to keep the call short. This is an example of:
ill-conceived goals.
When we set goals and incentives to promote a desired behavior, but they encourage a negative one, the cause of the resulting unethical behavior is called:
ill-conceived goals.
Open body positions, such as leaning backward or gesturing with palms facing up, communicate:
immediacy.
Thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are called:
implicit cognitions.
When we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior when it's carried out through third parties, this is called:
indirect blindness.
Three levels of political action are
individual, coalition and network
Lee and Victor are good friends. Lee's laptop computer has become very slow and is not working correctly, and he goes to Victor and asks for help. Victor downloads some anti-malware software onto Lee's computer, and its performance improves. Victor has provided:
instrumental support.
The perspective that states that behavior is a function of interdependent person and environmental factors is called the ______ interactional, perspective.
interactional
Eileen signed up for a photography class after having seen some spectacular wildlife art pictures done by a local artist. She is likely to be experiencing:
interest.
Keyshawn is a player on a professional football team. Because of this, his play every week is scrutinized by fans and media, as well as his own coaches. Sometimes, their comments are very negative and even personal. Keyshawn will handle this better if he has a high level of _________ intelligence.
intrapersonal
Mike hosts a talk radio program that discusses political issues. He often receives emails and tweets that are very critical of his positions. However, these messages don't bother him. It is likely that he is high on _______ intelligence.
intrapersonal
The potential to understand and regulate oneself is known as:
intrapersonal intelligence. .
Manash's professor has entertaining, interesting visual aids. At times, he makes good eye contact with the professor, and occasionally raises his hand to ask questions. On other days, he is quiet and his eyes are on his notebook. He is exhibiting the ________ involved, style of listening.
involved
Game Theory
is basically: strategic, "multi-player," calculative decision-making.
Research has demonstrated that the effect of social media on employee productivity is:
it increases employee job satisfaction, performance, and creativity.
The extent to which an individual is personally involved with his or her work role is called:
job involvement.
Touching another person communicates:
liking.
The last stop in the three-stop journey (or approach) of the Integrated Framework is:
make recommendations and take action.
In regard to differences in how men and women communicate, in general:
males are expected to hide their emotions.
The theory of motivation that states that motivation is a function of five basic needs that are met sequentially is:
maslow's need hierarchy.
Awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment is called:
mindfulness.
Dr. Riley, a professor in the finance department, keeps his office door open only a crack during his office hours, asking visitors to knock before entering. When his door is open, people tend to stop to say hello, and that interrupts what he is doing. He finds that this increases his ability to grade exams quickly but accurately. This is an example of his increasing his:
mindfulness.
One of the inputs of positive OB is:
mindfulness.
A state of reduced attention, expressed in behavior that is rigid, is called:
mindlessness.
Dr. Beswick was writing questions for a test, but found herself listening to reggae music coming from an adjoining office, and thinking about her upcoming trip to the Caribbean. She is experiencing:
mindlessness.
Soft skills are:
needed to interact with, influence, and perform with others
Of the following, the least rich form of communication is:
newsletter.
The sales department of a mutual fund firm set goals for the next fiscal year to sell a certain number of mutual funds each month. The firm only set targets and not anything about how they will meet this target. These goals are ________ goals.
objective
step 3
Evaluate alternatives and select a solution with consideration for: - Ethics - Feasibility - Whether it removes the causes and solves the problem
Which of the following is not a type of appropriate measure of goal achievement?
Lack of interpersonal conflict
Negative nonverbal communication skills include all but one of the following. Which one?
Leaning forward
_______ describes how much personal responsibility a person takes for his or her behavior and its consequences.
Locus of control
Disadvantages of Group Decision Making:
Social pressure, few people dominate, goal displacement, groupthink
a manger
Typically performs functions associated with planning, investigating, organizing, and control, Concentrates on getting things done, Charged with implementing the vision and strategic plan
Job satisfaction is:
an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job.
To develop hope, a person should:
generate an important goal that is attainable yet challenging.
Giving employees grater influence or use of centralized management practices
lead to empowerment, enhance employee performance, well-being and positive attitudes
Our self-efficacy is an example of a factor that influences:
our expectancies.
Grace is going to be leading a meeting and she decides that she will use a PowerPoint presentation to lay out the problems with the existing workflow. She is in the __________ plan your multimedia, step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
plan your multimedia
The last step of the social perception process is:
retrieval and response.
Biases that Affect Decision Making
Confirmation Bias Overconfidence Bias Availability Bias Representativeness Bias Anchoring Bias Hindsight Bias Framing Bias Escalation of Commitment Bias
You are a management consultant. An executive from Swell Systems asks you to present a workshop on empowerment to her managers. Which of the following ideas should you include?
Empowerment is a matter of degree, not an either-or proportion.
Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions?
Equity
Which of the following statements about assessing leadership effectiveness is true?
Evaluation of leadership effectiveness depends on what the evaluator wants.
You are a management consultant. During a training session a manager from another corporation asks you to summarize the impact of the five bases of power on job performance, job satisfaction, and turnover. Which of these would be a correct response?
Expert and referent power had a generally positive impact.
They don't expect and work for immediate return, instead slow and steady progress: buildup-breakthrough flywheel
Hedgehog concept: know what the company can be best in the world at, how its economics work best, and what best ignites the passion in people.
_____ represent(s) an individual's capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, and problem solving.
Intelligence
Kevin manages a group of eight project engineers, all of whom have worked for the company for over five years. Almost every day, Kevin and Joe, Carlos, and Kim, who are three of his subordinates, go to the cafeteria and play bridge while eating lunch. Joe, Carlos, and Kim receive very good performance reviews and are typically given the most challenging projects. What theory best explains this situation?
LMX
Dewey, a manager at the Busy Bee Restaurant, gives Alice her schedule for the next week. Alice knows she must follow that schedule. What kind of power is Dewey exercising?
Legitimate
__________ Linguistic style, refers to a person's characteristic speaking pattern.
Linguistic style
Which of the following is not one of the recommendations to managers about reducing stereotypes?
Managers should actively ignore stereotypes
__________ Memos, are time consuming, but best to use when it is difficult to meet with another person, when formality and a written record are important, and when face-to-face interaction is not necessary to enhance understanding.
Memos
Which of the following statements about mindfulness is false?
Mindfulness requires less effort than letting our minds wander.
As the mother of two small children, Jen struggles to make ends meet on her minimum-wage job. After paying rent and child care expenses, there is sometimes not enough money left at the end of the month to pay the heating bill. More than once the family has gone without warmth on cold nights, and she and kids have gone to bed hungry. Which of the five basic needs is Jen struggling to meet?
Physiological
A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is greater than that of a relevant comparison person.
Positive inequity
_________ positive legitimate, expert, and referent, power tend to produce commitment.
Positive legitimate, expert, and referent
Matt completed his assignments on time as his teacher had said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before time. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time?
Positive reinforcement
Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class?
She is intrinsically motivated.
As a manager Laurel has introduced all the members to each other and the group has elected a leader. However, two cliques are frequently arguing and challenging the group leader's opinions. Which of the group development process is this?
Storming
In the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations, TED stands for:
Technology, Education, Design.
Long term orientation
The 'newest' dimension • three universal dimensions and two fourth dimensions • Truth vs. Virtue: What one believes vs. What one does
Long term orientation, example: Hong Kong
Thrift: being sparing with resources • large savings • perseverance toward slow results
Which of the following statements about the progress of women in the workplace is false?
Women's participation on boards of directors of Fortune 500 firms decreased between 1995 and 2013
Complicated is the domain of good practices.
You have a general idea of the known unknowns — you likely know the questions you need to answer and how to obtain the answers. Assessing the situation requires expert knowledge to determine the appropriate course of action.
agency problem
a conflict of interest inherent in any relationship where one party is expected to act in another's best interests
Communication begins when:
a sender encodes a thought or idea.
Expert and Referent
are personal powers, and they foster commitment
If the second party grudgingly agrees to the first party's proposal and needs a lot of prodding to satisfy the minimum requirements, the second party is said to be exhibiting:
compliance.
People who are dependable, responsible, and achievement-oriented are likely to score high on:
conscientiousness.
The personality trait with the strongest positive relationship with job performance is:
conscientiousness.
Which of the following is not a step of the TED protocol for effective presentations?
control your stress
Roberto is meeting with Professor Plum in his office during advising hours. As Roberto is describing the problems he is having in his accounting course, Professor Plum is checking his e-mail. Professor Plum is exhibiting the ________ detached, style of listening.
detached
In a practical sense, the best size for a team is:
determined by the task to be performed
independets
distance themselves from the leadership and show less compliance
George's boss gave him a new project to do that entails developing a complex Excel spreadsheet. George has extensive previous experience and training in Excel. George is probably experiencing:
efficacy.
Therese and Kathy both work in the accounting department at ABC Company. They go out to lunch, and Therese spends time telling Kathy how much she is valued by her co-workers and their boss. Therese is performing:
esteem support.
level 5 leader is an
executive, who Builds enduring greatness through a paradoxical combination of personal humility plus professional will.
The generation with the traits of multitasking, online life, cyberliteracy, and communicating fast and online is:
generation 2020.
One advantage of having a face-to-face conversation is that it:
gives immediate feedback.
To reduce the chances of another person becoming defensive, a manager should:
have two-way problem-solving discussions.
The type of follower who is most compliant with leadership is the:
helper.
Thinking or Feeling
how we prefer to make decisions
The relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction is significantly stronger:
in individualistic cultures than in collectivist cultures.
The potential to learn and use spoken and written languages is:
linguistic intelligence.
Josephine scored very high on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) on all three parts. She is likely to possess high ________ intelligence.
logical-mathematical
When we overlook an unethical behavior of another when it's in our interest to remain ignorant, this is called:
motivated blindness
Harriet saw Josephine cheating on a test. However, she did not report this because Josephine is on her team and she feared that this might hurt her team's chances of doing well on their project. Harriet is experiencing:
motivated blindness.
Dana is trying to talk to a client from Russia, but his Russian accent is so thick that she can hardly understand what he is saying. In this situation, Dana's communication with her client is hampered due to __________
noise
When Eileen sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is:
operant behavior.
The interdisciplinary field dedicated to understanding and managing people at work is called:
organizational behavior.
Extraverted or Introverted
our flow of energy
Unlearned reflexes are:
respondent behavior.
Jackson and Samuel both work for XYZ Company, in different departments. They discover a common interest in classic cars, and on weekends often meet up at car shows. They are probably providing _______ to each other.
social companionship
Social capital is:
the productive potential resulting from relationships, goodwill, trust, and cooperative effort.
Of the following, which is the best action to address any type of diversity issue?
Mutual adaptation
What's bad about the rational model
Not having complete information. Leaving emotions out. Honestly and accurately evaluating alternatives. Limit of time and resources. People may be unwilling to implement and support decisions
Positive practices that escalate positive outcomes because of their associations with positive emotions and social capital are having a(n) __________ effect.
amplifying
Petra made a large mistake on a report she submitted to her boss, and it ended up costing the company a significant amount of money. When asked why this had occurred, she blamed one of her co-workers for giving her erroneous information for the report. Petra is expressing:
an external locus of control.
I will perceive negative inequity when:
another's ratio of outputs to inputs exceeds my ratio of my outputs to my inputs.
Credibility, trustworthiness, empathy, strong communication capacity, being inspirational, open-mindedness and knowing what one wants and believing one can get it
are increasing influence
Rational persuasion, inspirational appeal, consultation, ingratiation, personal appeals, exchange, coalition tactics, pressure and legitimizing tactics
are influence tactics, conscious efforts to affect and change a specific behavior in others
The remedy for the slippery slope is:
be alert for even trivial ethical infractions and address them immediately.
Malcolm's boss just came into his office, obviously upset, and said, "I'm tired of your being late all the time on these projects. You need to clean up your act!" Malcolm is likeliest to respond by:
becoming defensive.
Star athletes are likely to be high in:
bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
The remedy for ill-conceived goals is:
brainstorm unintended consequences.
When positive practices reduce the impact of negative events or stressors, a(n) _________ effect has occurred.
buffering
Affirmative action plans:
can negatively affect women and minorities.
introverts in the work place
carefully making judgement, bringing less risk to organization managing proactive employees brings better results under intrevorted managers
The steps in the process of stereotype formation and maintenance in order are:
categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance.
Dr. Hogan carefully selected the final examinations written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error. halo
contrast effects
XYZ Inc. brings together specialists from production, marketing, and finance from around the world, and gives each such team the power to make its own decisions. This implies that the firm is creating a _____ cross-functional, team.
cross-functional
When companies invite nonemployees to contribute to particular goals and manage the process via the Internet, this is known as:
crowdsourcing.
People who are high on openness to experience are likely to demonstrate:
curiosity and broad-mindedness.
To minimize central tendency bias, a manager should:
define an accurate profile with both high and low points.
The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of having confidence is:
efficacy.
To minimize contrast effects bias, a manager should:
evaluate employees against a predetermined standard.
The process of comparing performance at some point in time to a previously established expectation or goal is called:
evaluating.
Stockdale Paradox:
even in the darkest hour they always hold both disciplines, faith and facts, and absolute faith that they will prevail in the end.
According to expectancy theory, a person's motivation will be highest when:
expectancy, instrumentality, valence are all high.
Expectancy theory contains three elements; they are:
expectancy, instrumentality, valence.
In being hired for a job, the most important factor is likely to be _____ hard skills, but to be promoted, a person needs _______ soft skills.
hard skills; soft skills
Joaquin is usually the first one to volunteer at the weekly team meetings to take on additional tasks like taking notes for the meeting. Joaquin would probably be categorized as a(n):
helper.
Marisa is office manager in a small company. Her employees find that they can often come late to work and leave early, and Marisa will cover their work for them. Marisa is likely to score:
high on agreeableness.
"I feel I am a person of worth, as good as other people" is a statement reflecting:
high self-esteem.
In hiring new employees, the best thing a manager could do is:
hire based on using CSE as one broad personality characteristic.
Armando has a goal of earning a B in his statistics course, but currently his grade is a C-. Therefore, he decides to study more hours for the next test and even get involved in a study group. Armando is experiencing:
hope.
also, our search engine, our brain, is sometimes bringing up misleading results, based on:
how often it is introduced to events,
Ted was dissatisfied with his job. He said that the company policy, supervision, and working conditions were responsible for his dissatisfaction. According to Frederick Herzberg's theory, these extrinsic factors that create job dissatisfaction are called:
hygiene factors.
Deep-level characteristics of diversity:
include attitudes, opinions, and values.
Alexa quit her job because she felt it was boring. This would be diagnosed as a(n) ______ level problem.
individual
John received a poor performance evaluation from his boss. On the weekend, he talks with his neighbor Faisal about his situation. Faisal asks him questions about his work and the evaluation, and as a result John develops a plan of action for improving his productivity. Faisal has provided:
informational support.
In the integrative framework,
inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes.
Barbara was watching the evening news and saw a story about people saving a horse that had fallen into an icy lake. She is likely to be experiencing:
inspiration.
How an individual perceives the movement from performance to outcome is called:
instrumentality.
At its most basic, a person's behavior can be attributed to either ______ or ______ factors.
internal; external
The distinction between flexible and fixed individual differences:
is that managers have little or no impact on fixed differences.
Job satisfaction has a positive relationship with _________ job performance, and a negative relationship to _______ turnover.
job performance; turnover
Upward impression management tactics means being
job-focused, supervisor-focused and self-focused
To develop his or her self-awareness, a person should:
know his or her own strengths and limits.
The leadership theory that is based on the assumption that leaders develop unique one-to-one relationships with each of the people reporting to them is:
leader-member exchange.
In a self-managed team:
leadership responsibilities often shift as members step up.
Social pressure:
leads to conformity and stifles creativity
To develop his or her relationship management skills, a person should:
learn how to build teams.
A head chef of a restaurant always encouraged his subordinates to be creative in the culinary art. He did not believe in using prescribed recipes while cooking. He allowed them to create unique recipes and use different ingredients to prepare dishes. This implied that the head chef established _________ goals.
learning
CRF schedules are particularly useful when an employee is:
learning a new skill.
Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error.
leniency
Jonathan speaks four languages fluently. He is likely to have a high level of _______ intelligence.
linguistic
Performance on tests like the Scholastic Aptitude Test and the Graduate Management Admissions Test is likely to be most closely related to:
logical-mathematical intelligence.
Samantha, a member of a team you are assigned to for a management class, has often been late getting her work to the team, and when it arrives it is often of poor quality. Samantha is likely to be displaying her
low conscientiousness
High in power distance: Russia
low in power distance: US
Halfway through the semester, Samuel quit doing assignments. He thinks he has lack of talent for accounting; he feels he will do much better as a management major. Samuel is likely to be experiencing:
low self-efficacy for accounting.
Individuals who are strictly non-political:
may experience slow promotions, may fell left out, may be considered poor team players
Chris just finished a calculus test. Afterward, he walked all the way across campus without being aware of anything or anyone he passed. This is an example of:
mindlessness.
Level 5 leaders possess duality:
modest and willful, shy and fearless
The idea that satisfaction is determined by the extent to which the characteristics of a job allow an individual to fulfill his or her physiological or psychological deficiencies is captured by the __________ need fulfillment, model.
need fulfillment
Marianne is in her business statistics class, sitting by Darius. Darius is holding his cellphone under the desk, texting someone, and it is distracting Marianne from listening to the professor's lecture. This is an example of:
noise.
Therese is making a presentation in one of her classes. Her PowerPoint slides contain several arithmetic errors that Kathy is finding distracting. This is an example of:
noise.
Halim, one of your employees, always seems to be "taking it easy," often ignores problems that arise, and rarely takes action on his own. It is likely that Halim is:
not a proactive personality.
Teams with high levels of ______ openness, and ______ emoitional stability, deal with task conflict better than those without these characteristics.
openness; emotional stability
Behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences is known as:
operant behavior.
The characteristic of PsyCap that consists of making a positive attribution about succeeding now and in the future is:
optimism.
Sharon quit her job because she felt that her department's reward system favored men. This would be diagnosed as a(n) _________ level problem
organizational
Discretionary individual behavior that promotes the effective functioning of the organization is called:
organizational citizenship behavior.
Acme Explosives Company was sold to Roadrunner Inc. The operations of the two organizations are going to be merged, with several of the manufacturing locations possibly to be eliminated. The most likely Organizational Behavior perspective to apply is:
organizational.
Justin is deciding whether he should read his speech, deliver it from memory, or use bullet lists of important points using PowerPoint. What step of the TED protocol for effective presentations is he in?
plan your delivery
One characteristic that would describe an organization with positive OB is:
positive deviance.
Successful performance that dramatically exceeds the norm in a positive direction is known as:
positive deviance.
INTJ - Introverted Intuition
pros: rational, astonishingly dedicated to their work , open-minded, creative, complete confidence in their thought-process cons: can be perceived as arrogant, judgmental, overly analytical
Jonathan is concerned about an important presentation that he will be making next week. He asks Roger to listen to it and give him feedback. He is in the ___________ put it together, step of the TED protocol for effective presentations.
put it together
Tammy participates actively in the weekly team meetings, but when it comes to doing her work, she tends to do it her own way, often disregarding company policies and her boss's wishes. Tammy is probably a(n):
rebel.
ABC Company purchases new safety glasses for its machine operators. Unfortunately, the equipment makes the operators very uncomfortable on hot days. Davey removes the equipment when the foreman is not around. This is an example of:
resistance.
Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of __________.
respondent behavior
The three global values that are essential for promoting positive OB are:
restorative justice, compassion, and temperance.
A shared belief in the importance of resolving conflict multilaterally through the inclusion of victims, offenders, and all other stakeholders is known as:
restorative justice.
The general criteria used for distributing rewards are:
results, behaviors and actions, and nonperformance considerations.
In the ________ retrieval and response, stage of social perception, individuals call upon memory.
retrieval and response
In his annual performance review meeting with Eileen, who has been working at the company for two years, Ruben suggests that if she keeps up her good work she is likely to be offered a promotion within the next year. Ruben is exercising his _______ reward, power.
reward
The remedy for overvaluing outcomes is:
reward solid decision processes, not just good outcomes.
Ethics is primarily concerned with:
right and wrong.
A _____ role, is a set of expected behaviors for a particular position.
role
The remedy for motivated blindness is:
root out conflicts of interest.
Individuals who are highly political:
run risk of being called self-serving, may lose credibility, may be considered poor team players
When something is _______, it stands out from its context.
salient
A _________ schema, represents a person's mental picture or summary of a particular event or type of stimulus.
schema
At ABC Inc., each employee is required to evaluate himself or herself to meet with the manager for a review. Daneesha prepared a thoughtful and comprehensive list of her strengths and weaknesses. Daneesha was displaying:
self-awareness.
Together, social awareness and relationship management constitute:
social competence.
Masculine societies, example: Japan
social gender roles are distinct (men focus on material success; women on quality of life)
Feminine societies, example: Netherlands
social gender roles overlap (both quality of life)
The amount of perceived helpfulness derived from our relationships with others is known as:
social support.
introverts and society
society is biased toward introverts, favoring and encouraging extroverted behavior, loosing on the talent introverts can add
The type of goals that is best for jobs that are dynamic but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined is:
task.
A small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable are a(n):
team.
In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was:
teamwork.
The shared belief in showing restraint and control when faced with temptation and provocation is called:
temperance.
People with moderate emotional stability __________ tend to perform more Organizational Citizenship Beharions OCBs, than people with low emotional stability.
tend to perform more Organizational Citizenship Beharions, OCBs
The contingency approach suggests that:
the best answer depends on the situation.
Perceptions of equity are based on comparing:
the ratio of my output to my input, compared to another's total output to input.