MGT 321 Quiz 6 (Exam 2)

Dr. Davis, an accounting professor, was concerned that his classes were not engaging his students as much as he would like. He asked his boss, the department chair, and two of his colleagues to sit in on one of his classes this term, to give him comments and suggestions for improvement. He also passed out forms to his students at the end of the term, asking the same. He was __________. creating a contrast effect conducting research conducting a 360 degree feedback process developing an action plan providing positive reinforcement for himself

conducting a 360 degree feedback process

Forming an overall impression about a person or object and then having that impression bias ratings about that person or object is known as the ________ perceptual error. halo central tendency leniency contrast effects recency

halo

Avoiding extreme judgments and rating people and objects as average or neutral is known as the _______ perceptual error. recency contrast effects halo leniency central tendency

central tendency

Janelle filled out a peer evaluation rating form for her teammates in her OB class. She rated everyone as a "3" or "4" on the 6-point scale. This is an example of ___________ perceptual error. central tendency leniency halo contrast effects recency

central tendency

In the leniency perceptual error, a person: forms an overall impression, and then uses that impression to bias ratings. evaluates people by comparing them with characteristics of recently observed people. consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion. relies on most recent information. avoids all extreme judgments and rates everyone as average or neutral.

consistently evaluates people in an extremely positive fashion

Barbara is training her new puppy to sit on command. Every time the puppy responds correctly, he receives a treat. Barbara is using a __________ reinforcement schedule. fixed interval variable interval continuous fixed reward variable ratio

continuous

If every instance of a target behavior is reinforced, a _________ schedule is in effect. continuous negative positive variable intermittent

continuous

To minimize contrast effects bias, a manager should: record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year. provide only negative feedback. define an accurate profile with both high and low points. evaluate employees against a predetermined standard. be fair and realistic in evaluations.

evaluate employees against a predetermined standard

Allen used to make suggestions to his boss about how the department's performance could be improved. Although his boss always said they were great ideas, they were never acted upon. Allen then stopped making suggestions. This is an example of: extinction. positive reinforcement. negative reinforcement. the law of effect. punishment.

extinction

Polly worked as a bartender. A few people used to wave money at her so that she would serve them first. She found this to be rude and, hence, either ignored them or always served them last. People came to realize that she served only the people who waited politely, and much of the rude behavior stopped. Polly used the model of __________. extinction positive reinforcement variable ratio reinforcement shaping negative reinforcement

extinction

Which forms of consequences weaken an undesirable behavior? Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement Negative reinforcement and extinction Negative reinforcement and punishment Extinction and punishment Extinction and negative reinforcement

extinction and punishment

Carolyn is a very likable employee. Recently, her boss rated her at the highest level of all areas of performance, even though in some areas her performance did not warrant this judgment. This is an example of a ___________ perceptual error. central tendency halo leniency recency contrast

halo

Jill is a sales representative for a large pharmaceutical corporation. According to the current compensation system, if Jill meets her target for the quarterly sales projections, she will receive a bonus equivalent to 7% of her annual salary. Jill is working hard to meet the sales goal so that she can use the bonus money as a down payment on a new car for herself. Which of the following is true regarding Jill's motivation? It is a consequence of job redesign. It comes from a sense of competence. It is extrinsically motivated. It is intrinsically motivated. It comes from a sense of progress.

it is extrinsically motivated

Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error. recency contrast effects central tendency leniency halo

leniency

Josh used to run into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. One morning, he left his home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again the next morning, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. Which of the following processes did Josh engage in? Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Extinction Intermittent reinforcement Punishment

negative reinforcement

Behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences is known as: respondent behavior. contingent behavior. reward behavior. consequential behavior. operant behavior.

operant behavior

When Eileen sees that the sun is shining brightly, she puts on sunglasses. This is: consequential behavior. respondent behavior. contingent behavior. operant behavior. reward behavior.

operant behavior

Matt completed his assignments on time as his teacher had said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before time. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time? Respondent behavior Positive reinforcement Intermittent reinforcement Negative reinforcement Unlearned reflexes

positive reinforcement

Which forms of consequence strengthen a desired behavior? Extinction and negative reinforcement Extinction and punishment Positive reinforcement and punishment Positive reinforcement and extinction Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement

Barney was late to work one morning, so he drove over the speed limit through a school zone. As a result, he got pulled over by a police officer and received a ticket. This scenario is an instance of __________. punishment positive reinforcement extinction negative reinforcement shaping

punishment

To minimize halo perceptual error, a manager should: evaluate employees against a predetermined standard. record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year. provide only negative feedback. be fair and realistic in evaluations. define an accurate profile with both high and low points.

record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year

Anna blinks her eyes whenever she looks up at the sun. This is an example of __________. respondent behavior law of effect behavioral contingency operant behavior a learned reaction

respondent behavior

Unlearned reflexes are: respondent behavior. operant behavior. contingent behavior. reward behavior. consequential behavior.

respondent behavior

Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, instituted a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers were paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable on the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers had increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected? Employees viewed the $1.00 incentive as an entitlement. The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior. The delay was too long between the performance and the reward. The organization placed too much emphasis on monetary rewards. The reward lacked an "appreciation effect".

the organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior

Dr. Hogan carefully selected the final examinations written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error. leniency halo recency central tendency contrast effects

contrast effects

Evaluating people or objects by comparing them with characteristics of other recently observed people or objects is known as the ________ perceptual error. contrast effects central tendency recency leniency halo

contrast effects

To minimize central tendency bias, a manager should: provide only negative feedback. define an accurate profile with both high and low points. be fair and realistic in evaluations. evaluate employees against a predetermined standard. record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year.

define an accurate profile with both high and low points

Kelly is a successful attorney specializing in corporate law. While it has nothing to do with her field of employment, Kelly has always been interested in the history of religion. Using what little free time she has, she decided to take a course in comparative religion at the local university. She thinks that the course would be interesting and enjoyable. Kelly is not pursuing a degree in the subject, nor is she taking the class for a grade. What can you say about Kelly's motivation for taking the class? She sees the potential that a degree in religion studies can help her advance in her job. She has a high need for power. She is intrinsically motivated. She has a high need for affiliation. She is not serious about her career.

she is intrinsically motivated

Negative reinforcement is: weakening a behavior through contingently presenting something displeasing. weakening a behavior by ignoring it. weakening behavior by contingently withdrawing something positive. strengthening a behavior by contingently presenting something pleasing. strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing.

strengthening a behavior by contingently withdrawing something displeasing

Philip got a mail from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This instance is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement. variable interval fixed ratio variable ratio fixed interval continuous

variable interval