MGT 3303 exam 2 SB
Building psychological safety ensures team members can speak up and offer ideas without fearing that others will do what?
Think less of them
Workers from the parent country of an organization are called ______.
expatriates
Which type of control gives managers information about results to correct problems after they arise?
feedback
Projects requiring diverse skill and knowledge sets should have a(n) ______ team.
heterogeneous
Effective control systems __________.
maximize benefits and minimize dysfunction
Feedforward control is sometimes referred to as ______ control.
preliminary
______ is a process by which a person states what he or she believes the other person is saying.
reflection
What type of budget includes data forecasting sales by month, sales area, and product?
sales
The biggest hurdle to effectively avoiding information overload is ______.
separating important messages from common messages
Which of the following is the first major step in the control process?
setting performance standards
Fixating on ______ and profits while neglecting long-term strategy is known as management myopia.
short-term earnings
How does budgetary control compare to other methods of managerial control?
t is widely recognized. It is commonly used.
The purpose of an organization conducting a cultural competency assessment includes all of the following except ______.
using the data to identify prejudiced employees
______ allocates costs across business processes.
Activity-based costing
Why did the huge consulting firm Accenture need to create Accenture People?
Because many of their employees worked at widely dispersed client workplaces
During which stage of the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services is feedforward control used?
Before operations begin
Which of the following statements about being a complete communicator is true?
Complete communicators must be effective senders as well as receivers.
Which two categories make up the largest percentage of technology adopters?
Early majority Late majority
Which of the following are approaches to bureaucratic control?
Feedforward control Concurrent control Feedback control
A balance sheet itemizes which of the following?
Liabilities Stockholders' equity Assets
Which of the following are common communication channels?
Oral Written
Using behavioral science throughout the system to improve an organization's effectiveness is known as ______.
Organization development
According to Fiedler, which of the following determine the favorability of a situation?
Position power Leader-member relations Task structure
What is the technology life cycle?
A predictable pattern that technical innovations follow.
Changes occurring in the global workforce include which of the following?
A retiring workforce leading to gaps in leadership Increasing diversity in the workforce Technology allowing more people to work remotely
Which of the following are key factors that lead to sustained success?
A strategy that is focused on customers A culture that empowers and motivates employees
What are the key follower characteristics in path-goal theory that determine the appropriateness of various leadership styles?
Ability Authoritarianism Locus of control
Which three of the needs identified by McClelland are critical in motivating people?
Achievement Power Affiliation
Which three of the following are needs that managers in the United States care most strongly about?
Achievement Self-actualization Esteem
What are some of the complex challenges for managers caused by globalization?
Actions that may be customary in one setting may be unethical—even illegal—in another. Issues of right and wrong are blurred between one culture and another.
______ costing helps an organization recognize streams of activity and assign costs according to the time spent on particular activities.
Activity-based
Companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution, as "givens" are known as _____________.
Adapters
______ are companies that take the current industry structure and its future evolution as givens.
Adapters
Which of the following are forms of disabilities as identified by the ADA?
Alcoholism Physical impairment from heart disease Visual impairments Speech impairments
______ is a human needs theory postulating that people have three basic sets of needs that can operate simultaneously.
Alderfer's ERG theory
Traditional approaches to understanding leadership include which of the following?
Behavioral Trait Situational
Identify statements that highlight the impact of minorities and immigrants on the U.S. workforce.
Black, Asian, and Hispanic workers hold more than one of every three U.S. jobs. Foreign-born workers make up more than 17 percent of the U.S. civilian labor force.
What does the first step of the budgetary control process involve?
Budget approval and publication The broad plan for the company Estimating sales
______ control establishes relationships among feedforward control, concurrent control, and feedback control.
Budgetary
When activities are not proceeding as planned, what management tool will identify and correct significant variations?
Bureaucratic control system
Which of the following are accurate statements about collaboration and competition?
Competition has both beneficial and harmful aspects. Collaboration is not going to completely take the place of competition. Competitors will often become collaborators.
Which of the following conflict management approaches have recently been found to negatively affect performance in the electronic and virtual team environment?
Compromise Avoidance
Which types of messages presented as stories are people more likely to recall and accept?
Concrete Unexpected Emotional Credible
Which of the following are ways to offer feedback to employees on their performance?
Conducting performance reviews regularly Asking customers for feedback that can be passed along to employees Giving regular, ongoing feedback
Which motivation theory identifies the kinds of needs that people want to satisfy?
Content theory
Which activities do project and development teams perform?
Contribute expert knowledge Work on specific assignments Work toward a one-time product
A development project is an intense organizational push to do what?
Create a new product or process based on technological innovation.
Which of the following statements are TRUE regarding the cultivating of diversity for organizations?
Cultivating diversity needs to be supported by the personal commitment of individual managers. Cultivating diversity needs to be well planned. Cultivating diversity needs to be an organizationwide effort.
Managers of global organizations, in particular, must understand the way ______ influences how people perceive and behave in order to be effective.
Culture
To Damien, the manager of the parts department, Raquel, his top sales manager, always appeared to be sad, but she was a top salesperson, and her colleagues always referred to her as "upbeat." He didn't see what everyone else saw and critiqued Raquel's negative demeanor on her evaluation. What was getting in Damien's way in seeing Raquel as she actually was?
Damien's perception of Raquel
Which of the following are options for restoring equity when people feel they are inequitably treated?
Decreasing others' outcomes Increasing their outcomes Reducing their inputs
Which of the following actions can a team leader take to overcome common problems that can cause groups to fail?
Define the direction of the team. Seek input from all team members. Build trust among team members.
Which of the following are pertinent leadership behaviors that path-goal theory identifies?
Directive Supportive Achievement-oriented Participative
Which of the following are effective methods of managing the grapevine in an organization?
Dispel uncertainties Neutralize rumors Prohibit malicious gossip Explain events that are important
The flow of information from higher to lower levels in the organization's hierarchy is called ______ communication.
Downward
What theory suggests there are three universal needs (existence, relatedness, and growth) that constitute a hierarchy of needs and motivate behavior?
ERG
Which of the following statements about the importance of observing and interpreting nonverbal communications are true?
Effective communicators are also capable of observing and interpreting nonverbal communications. A vital source of useful observations comes from personally visiting people and facilities. Some companies train their sales forces to interpret the nonverbal signals of potential customers.
Which of the following are examples of open communication?
Employees are willing to share bad news. Employees report deviation in production.
Mentoring programs are designed to do which of the following?
Encourage minorities to assume management roles Allow experienced workers to teach company norms to inexperienced workers Help individuals interact with the informal leadership network within a company
According to Kouzes and Posner, the best leaders are able to challenge the process, inspire a shared vision, enable others to act, model the way, and ______.
Encourage the Heart
Identify key behaviors that people want and need from their leaders, according to Kouzes and Posner.
Encourage the heart Inspire a shared vision Model the way
Which of the following are steps both managers and employees can take to avoid communication problems?
Ensure that the receivers attend to the message being sent. Consider the other person's frame of reference and attempt to send a message with that viewpoint in mind. Take concrete steps to minimize perceptual errors and improper signals.
The civil rights movement, which led to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, was the catalyst for many of the rights that we take for granted today. These rights include which of the following?
Equal opportunity in the workplace Fair treatment in housing Illegality of religious discrimination
Identifying crises and opportunities is the element of leading change called ______.
Establishing a sense of urgency
What are the four key factors that lead organizations to sustained success?
Execution includes good people with the authority to make decisions. Culture should motivate and empower. Strategy should be focused on customers. Structure should make the organization easy to work in.
Which of the following are approaches to bureaucratic control?
Feedback control Concurrent control Feedforward control
______ control takes place before operations begin and allows managers to ensure that planned activities are carried out properly.
Feedforward
Which model of leadership asserts that a leader's effectiveness depends on personal style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence over the situation?
Fiedler's contingency model
Which of the following are problems associated with downward communication?
Filtering Information overload Lack of openness
Which three measures are included in a company's triple bottom line?
Financial performance Environmental impact Impact on employees and local communities
Which of the following statements accurately describe first-mover advantages?
First-movers can protect their technology by using patents. First-movers can charge higher prices because they have little competition. First-movers are able to find the best niche markets.
How does followership affect companies?
Followers can avoid costs and risks by observing the actions of leaders. Technology followership affects different companies in different ways.
Feelings of security, personal values, and confidence in employees
Forces in the manager
Type of leadership style the organization values and the type of information needed to solve the problem
Forces in the situation
According to the Tannenbaum and Schmidt model of situational leadership, what are the factors managers should consider before deciding how to lead?
Forces in the situation Forces in the subordinate Forces in the manager
Understanding and accepting the organization's goals, readiness to assume responsibility, and interest in the task or problem
Forces in the subordinate
Which of the following programs offer videoconferencing features?
GoToMeeting WebEx Skype
Which of the following describe Accenture People?
It is an internal social networking platform. It allows Accenture employees to collaborate anytime from widespread locations.
How can being a first-mover be a disadvantage to a company?
It is expensive for first-movers to develop products based on new technology.
What are the traits of the high quality information shared when a firm is showing transparency?
It is timely. It fully discloses relevant information. It is accurate.
How does reflection help managers listen effectively?
It results in more accurate two-way communication. It helps managers get into the other's frame of reference. It places greater emphasis on listening than talking.
Which sentences accurately describe the technology life cycle?
Its early stages can be slow while companies experiment with products. In the middle of the cycle, a dominant design becomes prominent. Eventually product development slows and the market gets saturated.
Which idea should you keep in mind to guide you as you move into the future?
Keeping a long-term perspective while addressing short-term issues is the best approach.
Which of the following are potential barriers to team success?
Lack of team vision Ineffective communication Distrust among team members
Which of the following are examples of extrinsic rewards?
Large office Benefits Pay
______ highlights the importance of leader behaviors not just toward the group as a whole but toward individuals on a personal basis.
Leader-member exchange theory
What are situational factors used to analyze problems under the Vroom model of leadership?
Likelihood of commitment Group expertise Decision significance
______ should be conducted to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of an organization's systems.
Management audits
Which of the following statements is true about educating people about upcoming changes?
Management should educate people before the changes occur.
Which of the following are reasons for seeking adequate upward communication?
Managers learn what is going on with their employees. Effective upward communication facilitates downward communication. Employees gain from the opportunity to communicate upward.
Which of the following statements are true concerning how managers should integrate new technology into the workplace?
Managers should make sure technology serves the workers. It may be wise to change HR practices when new technology is introduced.
Managing diversity is more than hiring women and minorities; it is complex and involves which of the following?
Managing a culturally diverse workforce Recognizing the characteristics common to specific groups of employees Valuing employee differences to build an effective organization
Which of the following events were occurred as a result of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020?
Millions of people discovered how to do their jobs remotely from home. There were far less face-to-face interactions among customers, managers, employees, and suppliers. People adapted to new business communication technologies.
What employee behaviors should NOT be rewarded, since they do not lead to high performance?
Mindless conformity Avoiding risk Quick fixes
As Oscar encodes a message into an e-mail, which of the following are common pitfalls that he can avoid as the sender of a message?
Misusing words Leaving out facts Entering decimal points incorrectly Using ambiguous phrases
What is job rotation?
Moving workers from one task to another to alleviate boredom.
Which of the following statistics reflect the change in the number of women working outside the home?
Nearly 60 percent of marriages have two earners. About one-fourth of married women earn more than their husbands. Women make up roughly 47 percent of the labor force.
Which of the following are skills managers need to be good receivers?
Observation Reading Listening
Hillary sends an e-mail to her subordinate without asking for a response. This is an example of ______ communication.
One-way
Which of the following strategies are common to world-class companies?
Operating at high standards Applying new research and knowledge
What is the term for using behavioral science throughout the system to improve organizational effectiveness?
Organization development
Which of the following are ways an organization can communicate to its employees the commitment top management has to diversity efforts?
Participate in diversity programs and make participation mandatory for all managers. Link managerial compensation directly to the accomplishment of diversity goals. Incorporate the organization's attitudes toward diversity into its mission statement and strategic plans.
What are the key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior?
Positive reinforcement Negative reinforcement Punishment Extinction
Mo Chou completed her latest work assignment early. If Mo Chou's boss would like her to repeat this behavior, what is the appropriate action according to the law of effect?
Praise for her efforts
Which of the following are managerial actions that can help create a team with cohesiveness and high-performance norms?
Present a competitive challenge from outside the team. Maintain high entrance and socialization standards. Help the team succeed, and publicize its successes.
How do good managers avoid information overload?
Prioritize time around goals Placing major business communications ahead of trivial e-mails Identify the items that are most important
Which team strategy is usually most effective when teams have a high degree of dependence on outsiders?
Probing
Which two goals should an effective control system accomplish?
Producing the most possible benefits Minimizing dysfunctional behaviors
Which of the following could be a disruptive innovation?
Product Service Business model
What is the wording used to refer to the triple bottom line?
Profit, planet, people
Which type of firm has executives who give considerable priority to developing and exploiting technological expertise?
Prospector
What are methods that a company can use to attract a diverse, qualified workforce?
Publicizing their commitment to diversity Executing effective recruiting practices
What are the three basic stages to manage resistance during a change in the workplace?
Refreezing Unfreezing Moving
What basic rules from the 3M company are often copied to encourage innovation?
Research and development are strongly supported. Instead of blocking what employees are trying to do, the company helps its team succeed. The company's efforts are directed toward serving customers.
______ occurs when control systems prompt employees to follow the rules to an extreme that stifles creativity.
Rigid bureaucratic control
To motivate high performance among employees, what should be rewarded?
Risk taking instead of risk avoiding Smart work instead of busy work Loyalty instead of turnover
What graphical representation represents the adoption of a typical new technology?
S-shape
Which one of the following is NOT a need in Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-Reliance
Which of the following are steps in the control process?
Setting performance standards Measuring performance Comparing performance to the standard Taking action to correct problems
How can employees benefit from upward communication?
Some of their frustrations will be decreased.
Which of the following are characteristics of motivational goals?
Specific Acceptable Challenging Meaningful
Which of the following characteristics describe an effective control system?
Standards should be objective. The system should encompass all elements that affect performance significantly. It should be hard to sabotage or falsify the data being monitored.
As a group attempts to develop into a team, what are the possible results in its form of leadership?
Staying in a supervisory level of leadership. Progressing through three stages of leadership. Becoming somewhat participative and staying there.
Which step in the control process measures performance?
Step 2
Which of the following are characteristic of a dissatisfied workforce?
Strikes More injuries High turnover
Which characteristics are essential to the success of enduringly great companies?
Strong core values Strong goals, including stretch goals Continuous change
Which of the following are reasons for people to resist change within an organization?
Surprise Timing Inertia
Which of the following are steps in the budgetary control process?
Take action Establish expectancies Perform budgetary operations
Which of the following describe the two sets of roles performed by teams?
Task specialist roles are filled by individuals who have particular job-related skills and abilities. Team maintenance roles are filled by individuals who develop and maintain harmony within the team.
Which of the following help transform groups into true teams?
Team development activities Basic group activities The passage of time
Which of the following are team effectiveness criteria?
Team members remain committed to the team. Team members' needs are satisfied. Standards of quantity or quality are met or exceeded.
Which teams would typically use a probing strategy when interfacing with outside groups or individuals?
Teams making strategic decisions in a changing environment Teams developing and promoting new products Task forces formed to study a particular problem
How can being a first-mover be a disadvantage to a company?
Technology followership affects different companies in different ways. Followers can avoid costs and risks by observing the actions of leaders.
What is the result of the high profits often made by first-adopters?
The ability to attract customers with low prices.
What feature does technology followership share with technology leadership?
The ability to support both low-cost and differentiation strategies.
What does the first step of the budgetary control process involve?
The broad plan for the company Budget approval and publication Estimating sales
According to Fiedler's contingency model, a leader's effectiveness depends on which of the following?
The degree to which the situation gives the leader power, control, and influence The personal style of the leader
An apparel manufacturer wants to develop a technology for a temperature-regulating textile that adjusts automatically to the wearer's body temperature, but the manufacturer is not sure whether such a textile can be developed. What is the company unsure about?
The innovation's technical feasibility
For a group to achieve true team leadership, what must happen?
The leader and members must consciously strive toward that goal.
Common unexamined assumptions people make concern which of the following?
The role of men as providers Heterosexual norms The role of women as caregivers
Which factors determine the level of authenticity for the receiver of a message? (
The speaker's demonstration of passion The speaker's ability to make a connection The speaker's openness with the audience
Which of the following statements about the importance of reading ability in organizations is INCORRECT?
The spoken word is more important in organizations, so reading is less emphasized.
What happens when employees feel empowered?
They believe that they are influential contributors to the organization. They feel more confident that they have the ability to perform their jobs. Groups of employees can experience a culture of empowerment that enhances work performance.
Which conditions will make employees less motivated?
They believe that they can't perform well enough to achieve the positive outcomes. They believe that they can perform but that the outcome will not be forthcoming. They believe that they can perform but do not value the outcome.
Which of the following statements about Skype and Zoom are true?
They offer videoconferencing features. They offer options for free service.
Workers for an overseas subsidiary who are natives of a country other than home or host countries are known as ______.
Third-country nationals
______ organizational change involves introducing and sustaining multiple policies practices and procedures across multiple units and levels.
Total
An organization seeking to benefit from becoming multicultural and employing a diverse workforce should do which of the following?
Train employees in diversity. Assess the organization's progress toward goals. Secure top management's leadership and commitment.
Which of the following are important for team success?
Training team members to develop three important types of skills. Making sure that the team has members with problem-solving and decision-making skills.
What are traditional approaches to leadership?
Trait approach Behavioral approach Situational approach
Which of the following is a situation in which punishing employees would be inappropriate?
When their poor performance isn't their fault
A(n) ______ control system detects and corrects significant variations, or discrepancies, in the results of planned activities.
bureaucratic
Although formal _____ control systems are the most pervasive and most widely taught, they are not always the most efficient or flexible.
bureaucratic
The main job of a(n) ______ structure is to maintain orderliness and productivity, which restricts innovation.
bureaucratic
Quality ____________ are groups of people voluntarily drawn from various production teams who make suggestions about quality but have no authority to make decisions or execute decisions.
circles
The ____________ _____________ movement was the impetus for many of the rights we take for granted today.
civil rights
What type of control is based on mutual respect and individual responsibility?
clan
When managers use shared values, norms, standards of behavior, and expectations to control individuals and groups in organizations, they are using ______ control.
clan
Which two of the following control systems tend to be the most flexible?
clan and market
All of the following are considered communication pitfalls that may result when the sender's intended message does not get across to the receiver EXCEPT ______.
clarifying and paraphrasing help to ensure a clear message
Sawyer entertained conversations with his team to help them master the new manufacturing process and thus be more effective. He is engaging in the ______ process.
coaching
The members of Tom's group are very loyal to the team and enjoy being a part of it. This is an example of a fundamental property of groups called ______.
cohesiveness
______ refers to how tightly knit a group is and the degree to which group members perceive, interpret, and act on their environment in similar ways.
cohesiveness
Mutaz is talking to Su about a project. Su can tell that Mutaz is unhappy with the project's progress because Su and Mutaz know each other well. This transmission of information is known as ______.
communication
A ______ is an organization's concentrated attempt to create a new product or process through the use of technological innovations.
development project
A manager assigning a task to her assistant is an example of _______ communication.
downward
_______ has become an essential component of workplace communication.
Sony Betamax was technologically superior to VHS, but VHS became more popular, and Betamax was discontinued due to poor sales. Betamax had issues with ______.
economic viability
______ tells whether there is a good financial incentive for adopting a technological innovation.
economic viability
An effective approach to managing resistance and enlisting cooperation from employees is _______.
educating and communicating with the employees
Setting a goal to learn, rather than a goal to achieve a specific performance level, is appropriate when ______.
employees lack ability or knowledge
Sharing power with employees, and thus making them feel more confident and influential on the job, is called ______.
empowerment
Allowing employees to initiate their own corrective action Blank______.
encourages self-control and reduces the need for outside supervision
A(n) ______ devises new products or finds ways to revise old products.
entrepreneur
Which term describes someone who invents new products or finds ways to revise old products?
entrepreneur
The concept of a triple bottom line allows companies to determine how ______ their business is.
environmentally sustainable
People's perceived likelihood that an effort will enable them to attain their performance goals is called ______.
expectancy
What concept refers to the perceived likelihood that effort will enable the attainment of performance goals?
expectancy
What theory describes how a person's work efforts lead to a level of work performance?
expectancy
Which theory suggests that effort leads to performance, which results in an outcome?
expectancy
Increasing expectancies, identifying positively valent outcomes, and making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes are all managerial implications of _________.
expectancy theory
______ rewards are given to people by the organization.
extrinsic
What is the main thing a company must allow if innovation is to thrive?
failure
Equity theory describes people's assessments of how ______.
fairly they are treated
Corrects deviations from the acceptable standard after they arise
feedback
The balanced scorecard includes elements of feedforward, concurrent, and ______ control.
feedback
The five core job dimensions stated in the Hackman and Oldham model are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and ______.
feedback
______ control occurs at the input stage and allows managers to look ahead to anticipate problems before they arise.
feedforward
The two key situational factors in path-goal theory are personal characteristics of ______ and the environmental pressures and demands they must cope with.
followers
During the ______ stage of team development, members get to know one another and lay the ground rules for what types of behavior are acceptable.
forming
The first meeting of a newly formed group takes place during the _____ stage of team development.
forming
E-mail has become a(n) _______ instrument of workplace communication.
fundamental
A team member who gathers information from outside sources and then brings that information back to the team is known as the ______.
gatekeeper
A team member who stays abreast of current information in scientific and other fields and tells the group about important developments is a(n) ______.
gatekeeper
In which theory do managers set goals for employees?
goal setting
Nonverbal actions tend to have a _______ impact on the audience than other cues of a message.
greater
A collection of people who interact to undertake a task but do not necessarily perform as a unit is a(n) ______.
group
Actions taken to ensure the satisfaction of group members are ______ behaviors.
group maintenance
Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory highlights the importance of leader behaviors toward individuals and/or the _________.
groups
The grapevine is a(n) ______ communication network.
informal
______ occurs when managers and employees are hit with too much material to process.
information overload
The tendency of individuals to put forth less effort when they work with groups than when they work alone is known as social ______.
loafing
The generic strategy in which an organization's advantage comes from being able to sell products at lower prices than its competitors is referred to as a(n) ______ strategy.
low cost
Which strategy lets a company maintain an advantage by being less expensive than its competitors?
low cost
Effective leaders must ______.
make people responsible for their own performance
Courage is needed to help leaders ________.
manage adversaries execute a vision against opposition identify allies
Placing too much emphasis on short-term income and profits instead of pursuing a longer-term strategy is known as ______.
management myopia
Understanding and deeply valuing employee differences to build a more effective and profitable organization is known as ______.
managing diversity
The first thing to consider when developing a strategy around a technological innovation is ________ potential.
market
When developing a strategy around technological innovation, managers should first consider ______ potential.
market
Which of the following is a type of control that relies on economic forces?
market
______ affect performance via economic forces and pricing mechanisms.
market controls
Hersey and Blanchard's situational theory asserts that managers should consider an employee's job __________ before deciding whether task performance or maintenance behaviors are more important.
maturity
Categorizing technologies as base, key, pacing, or emerging is an effort to ______.
measure competitive value
A third party who intervenes to help resolve conflict between other people is called a ______.
mediator
______ are higher level managers who help ensure that employees are introduced to top management and socialized into the norms and values of the organization.
mentors
Maintenance behaviors are most important for followers with ______ levels of maturity.
moderate
A ______ organization is one that has a low degree of structural integration; employs few women, minorities, or other groups; and thus has a highly homogeneous employee population.
monolithic
Forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort are referred to as ______________.
motivation
What refers to forces that energize, direct, and sustain a person's effort?
motivation
Even though they are not actually spoken or written, ______ messages can support or undermine the stated message.
nonverbal
Rules for behavior that most group members follow are called group ______.
norms
Which term describes when teams have common beliefs about how each member should think and act?
norms
Common sources of stress experienced by global managers include all of the following except ______.
office politics
Groups become true teams through basic group activities, team development activities, and the ______.
passage of time
One of the key situational factors in _____________-goal theory is the environmental pressures and demands with which followers must cope to attain their work goals.
path
______ is the process of receiving and interpreting information.
perception
Managers can motivate team members to achieve organizational goals by making sure the team members benefit when the team does which of the following?
performs well
The law of effect states that behavior will be repeated if it is followed by which kind of consequences?
positive
When a leader is able to get things done or accomplish goals even when others resist, the leader has ______.
power
Creating the future, rather than simply responding to events as they occur, is dependent on ______ change.
proactive
Conflict resolution through mediation can help the parties involved improve their ______.
problem-solving skills communication skills working relationships
People are more likely to support decisions and decision makers when they perceive ______.
procedural fairness
Using a fair process in decision making and making sure others know that the process was as fair as possible is called ______.
procedural justice
An itemized financial statement of income and expenses is a(n) ______.
profit and loss statement
The balance sheet and the ______ are financial statements that help control overall organizational performance.
profit and loss statement
What type of program aims at satisfying the full range of employee needs?
quality of work life
______ programs create a workplace that enhances employee well-being and satisfaction
quality of work life
______ change is characterized by the presence of pressure as an impetus.
reactive
An organizational assessment is a key step in managing diversity and should assess an organization's workforce, culture, policies, and practices, in areas such as ______.
recruitment promotions benefits compensation
Teams are motivated to perform well when their efforts are ______.
rewarded as a team
The more information or cues a medium sends to the receiver, the ______ the medium is.
richer
The amount of information a medium conveys is called media _____.
richness
If managers use too much ______ control, they can discourage employee innovation.
rigid
Although norms apply generally to all team members, different exist for different ______________ members within the norm structure.
roles
With job ______, workers who spend all their time in one routine task can instead move from one task to another.
rotation
Luvo is setting a ______ budget by reviewing forecasts of sales by month, sales area, and product.
sales
Managers in Japan and Greece tend to be motivated most by ______ needs
security
When a manager works to make sure that the recipients of her message can identify her perspective, reasoning, and intentions, she is focusing on improving her ______ skills.
sender
When management centralizes a resource, such as a library or research department, and allows other units in the organization to have access to it, what kind of relationship does that resource have with those units?
service
Your team requires a literature review before making a presentation. The staff librarian is available to assist you. Your team and the librarian have a(n) ______ relationship.
service
What is the first step of a control system?
set performance standards
Step 1 of a typical control system involves ______ performance standards.
setting
A company's sexual harassment policy ______.
should prohibit sexual harassment under any circumstances
The United States workforce is expected to ______.
shrink due to lower birthrates
The appropriateness of democratic leadership depends on the characteristics of the leaders, the followers, and the ______.
situation
When leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation, they are demonstrating a ______ leadership approach.
situational
______ theory proposes that the more mature the followers are, the less the leader needs to engage in task performance behaviors.
situational
When people believe that their contributions are not important, others will do the work for them, or their lack of effort will go undetected, they may engage in which activity?
social loafing
The grapevine is a communication network that provides people with information, teaches them how to do their work successfully, and helps them ______.
solve problems
A democratic decision may not be appropriate when ______ or decisiveness is of the essence.
speed
In order to gain employee acceptance, ______.
standards should be achievable and supported by an emphasis on positive behavior
To set goals for yourself, create ______.
statement of purpose
Quid pro quo harassment occurs when ______.
submission to sexual conduct is used as a basis for employment
Larisa provides guidance to her employees. She also supports them when necessary and provides corrective feedback in their day-to-day activities. Larisa is practicing ______ leadership.
supervisory
If change is going to be successful, organizations need to permanently rekindle individual creativity and responsibility. People must be both ______ and implementers.
supporters
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, relationship-oriented leaders are most effective in moderately favorable situations, whereas ______-oriented leaders are most effective in situations that are very favorable or very unfavorable.
task
According to Fiedler's contingency theory of leadership, task-motivated leaders should be used when the ______ is structured and the leader member relations are good.
task
Actions taken to ensure that the work group or organization reaches its goals are called ______ behaviors.
task performance
The team effectiveness criteria that refers to the meeting or exceeding of the standards of quantity and quality is the ______.
team's productive output
The systematic application of scientific knowledge to any product, process, or service is called ______.
technology
__________ is the systematic application of scientific knowledge to yield products, processes, or services.
technology
Gorda Engineering needs to assess its current technology base and determine which technologies are needed for the organization to smoothly function. Gorda must conduct a(n) ______.
technology audit
The focus of behavioral leadership is on how leaders ______.
to behave
What is the term for a measure that steers individuals toward reaching a company's goals?
to control
If an individual believes his or her outcome-to-input ratio is equivalent to someone else's ratio, the individual typically will ______.
to feel satisfied
Power is defined as the capacity to ______ other people despite resistance.
to influence
Using jargon with individuals who are not familiar with common organizational buzzwords can _____ communication effectiveness.
to interfere with
Introducing and sustaining numerous policies, practices, and procedures across numerous units and levels is referred to as ______ change.
total organizational
Which of the following have no managerial responsibility?
traditional work groups
A leadership perspective that attempts to determine the personal characteristics of effective leaders is called the ______ approach.
trait
The ____________ approach to leadership assumes that there is a "leadership personality" and that leaders are born, not made.
trait
A leader who is able to generate excitement and revitalize an organization is a ______ leader.
transformational
Which of the following type of leader is most likely to motivate people to transcend their personal interests for the sake of the organization?
transformational leader
True or False: In many industries, the primary sources of new technology are the organizations that use it.
true
Herzberg's ______ theory describes categories that affect people at work.
two-factor
The belief that things must be either A or B and cannot be both, and that only one goal and not another can be attained is referred to as ______.
tyranny of the or
When building cohesive, high-performance teams, managers should keep in mind that similar individuals are more likely to do which of the following?
- Succumb to groupthink - Get along with one another
A personal statement of purpose should include which of the following?
A mid-distant goal An inspiring distant vision Near-term objectives
A personal statement of purpose should include which of the following?
A mid-distant goal Near-term objectives An inspiring distant vision
Which of the following are styles for managing conflict?
Avoidance Accommodation Compromise Competing
Psychological safety ensures team members can freely take which actions?
Be honest Share knowledge Disagree
How can managers make sure technology improves workers' lives and reaches its potential?
By training workers to control the technology
Goals should be which of the following?
Challenging and attainable
Stretch goals are targets that have which characteristics?
Demanding and novel
Studies of leadership behavior have focused on which of the following aspects?
Employee participation in decision making Group maintenance Task performance
Which of the following situations would be more likely to happen in a control system with open communication?
Employees report faulty systems that are causing a drop in production Employees tell management when personal problems cause them to perform poorly at work
Which of the following actions should an organization take to prevent sexual harassment?
Establish a formal complaint procedure. Discipline a proven offender immediately. Develop a comprehensive organization-wide policy on sexual harassment. Conduct training sessions with supervisors to explain Title VII requirements and procedures.
What is the purpose of a tentative profit and loss statement?
Establishing a performance goal
For motivation to be high, which of the following must also be high?
Expectancy Valence Instrumentality
True or False: For important messages and documents you should skim rather than reading slowly and carefully.
False
True or false: Obtaining top management's leadership and commitment is not necessarily critical for diversity programs to succeed.
False
Having team members participate in decisions has which result?
Gets members more involved with one another
Which motivation theory states that people have conscious goals that energize them and direct their thoughts and behaviors toward a particular end?
Goal-setting theory
Which of the following are important functions of horizontal communication?
Helping solve conflicts Providing social and emotional support to people Allowing coordination and problem solving among units
The changes impacting the size of the U.S. workforce include which of the following?
Higher competition for the best candidates Lower birthrates in the United States Projected retirement of the Baby Boom generation workers
Lack of cohesiveness in a group can affect performance in which of the following ways?
Increased miscommunication Decreased productivity
In regard to the ability to cope with a changing environment, which of the following characteristics of small start-up businesses are often lacking in larger corporations?
Individual creativity Individual responsibility Shared leadership
What are the general strategies that teams use when they interact with individuals and groups outside the team?
Informing Probing Parading
Which category makes up the smallest percentage of technology adopters?
Innovators
For motivation to be high, which of the following must also be high?
Instrumentality Valence Expectancy
People in a group will typically take which of the following actions?
Interact to undertake a task
Which skills are usually required for team members to be good contributors?
Interpersonal or social Problem-solving and decision-making Technical or functional
When a situation is unfavorable for leading, how does this impact the manager's job?
It becomes difficult to maintain situational control.
Which of the following statements about the grapevine is true?
It cannot be eliminated.
What does it mean if a firm discloses relevant information?
It does not disclose all of the information; just the information that the audience has a legitimate reason to know.
According to path-goal theory, which of the following statements regarding the importance of follower characteristics are true?
Locus of control is the extent to which people believe they can affect their environment. Authoritarianism is the degree to which individuals defer to authority. Ability is people's beliefs about their abilities to perform their jobs.
To motivate high performance among employees, what should be rewarded?
Loyalty instead of turnover Risk taking instead of risk avoiding Smart work instead of busy work
Which of the following strategies do leading authors on career management advise?
Make career choices based on personal growth. Look for positions that stretch you. Develop marketable skills.
What type of audits have developed as a means of evaluating the effectiveness and efficiency of various systems within an organization?
Management
Which of the following statements apply to the concept of managing diversity in the workplace?
Managing diversity involves recognizing common characteristics of groups while dealing with employees' differences to the firm's advantage. Managing diversity involves recruiting, training, promoting, and utilizing individuals with different beliefs, capabilities, and cultures.
Which of the following are disadvantages of being a first-mover?
Many new products require the development of expensive complimentary products. Buyers need to be educated about the new technology. New technology can make the company's existing products undesirable.
Which theory organizes human needs into five major types in ascending order?
Maslow's need hierarchy
Which of the following changes is taking place in the global workforce?
Middle skills jobs are disappearing.
How did the COVID-19 crisis of 2020 influence communication?
Millions of people learned to use remote communication technology.
Which of the following are stages of group development?
Performing Norming Forming Storming
When a workforce is dissatisfied, it is more likely to exhibit which of the following characteristics?
Poor mental health Bad customer service High absenteeism
Task performance leadership behaviors focus on which of the following?
Quantity of output Work speed Following the rules
Which of the following are skills managers need to be good receivers?
Reading Listening Observation
Which of the following actions will create cohesive and high-performance teams?
Recruiting members with similar attitudes and values Keeping the team as small as possible Being a participative leader
Which of the following is an option for people who wish to restore equity when feeling inequitably treated?
Reducing their inputs
How can companies recruit disabled and impoverished people?
Send recruiters with job information to the areas where the workers live Transport the workers to and from the job site Offer to house the workers close to the job site
Which of the following are steps in the control process?
Taking action to correct problems Comparing performance to the standard Setting performance standards Measuring performance
What core job dimensions are stated in the Hackman and Oldham model?
Task significance Skill variety Task identity Feedback Autonomy
Organizations such as L.L. Bean, Lululemon Athletica, Wegmans, and W.L. Gore use which kind of structure?
Team-based
What do the best teams do in order to reach a common understanding and appreciation of their purpose?
They agree on how they will make decisions. They develop norms for examining performance strategies. They discuss how tasks and roles will be allocated.
Which traits are associated with the most powerful messages?
They are simple and informative. They convey excitement. They are told with stories and anecdotes.
True or False: Conflict is the process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed by another party.
True
True or false: It is important for managers to act as followers as well as leaders.
True
True or false: Situational leadership means that leaders vary their behavior from situation to situation.
True
Challenges of managing a diverse organization include which of the following?
Trying to understand the perspective of someone with a very different world view Communicating effectively with team members who may not all be fluent in the same language Keeping workers from only cooperating with people who are similar to themselves
______-way communication occurs when the receiver responds to a sender.
Two
What occurs when receivers respond to senders?
Two-way communication
Which of the following are the four cultural dimensions in Hofstede's model?
Uncertainty avoidance Masculinity/femininity Power distance Individualism/collectivism
What are the three basic stages of implementing change within an organization?
Unfreezing, instituting the change, and refreezing
Which of the following is sexual harassment?
Unwelcome sexual conduct as a condition of employment
What are the most common reasons that innovation fails to generate profits in business?
Unwillingness to take risks Money being spent on the wrong things Lack of coordinated efforts
The leadership model that emphasizes how leaders go about making decisions is called the ______ model.
Vroom
Which of the following is an example of offering feedback to employees?
Weekly meetings to discuss each employee's goals and progress.
The behavioral approach to leadership attempts to identify which of the following?
What good leaders do
When are control systems less objectionable to employees?
When they do not control too much When they feature useful standards of performance When they feature standards that are possible to achieve
When is concurrent control used?
While plans are being carried out
Which of the following are characteristic of the most effective control systems?
Workers recognize their own shortcomings and correct them without supervision. Managers tell workers why the control system is important. Workers are given a critique of their performance on the job.
Which beliefs are examples of "tyranny of the or"?
You can be conservative or bold. You can invest in the future or do well short term.
To become effective managers of diverse organizations, managers first have to identify and overcome a number of challenges, including ______.
a low level of cohesiveness stereotyping communication problems unexamined assumptions
World-class organizations do which of the following?
abandon outdated methods produce high-value merchandise adopt effective new strategies
The most useful control systems are based on ______ performance standards.
accurate
All the following are stages of team development EXCEPT ______.
adorning
Which of the following is NOT one of the needs McClelland said motivates people?
affection
A vision expresses the leader's ______ for the organization.
ambitions
Horizontal communication allows interaction ______.
among peers
When communicating a message, it helps to ______.
anticipate how your message might be misinterpreted.
Leading authors on career management advise that individuals must actively manage their own careers by developing marketable skills, choosing careers based on learning opportunities, and ________.
assessing personal strengths and weaknesses seeking environments that provide training
Understanding someone else's perspective is difficult because our own _________ and perspectives seem so familiar.
assumptions
If a person believes that his or her outcome-to-input ratio is lower than that of someone else, the person typically will ______.
attempt to restore a balance
A style in which the leader is true to himself or herself is called ______ leadership.
authentic
______ leadership is when a leader stays true to himself or herself while leading.
authentic
The ______ summarizes the financial condition of a company at a specific time.
balance sheet
Two statements that summarize a company's financial condition are the profit and loss statement and ______.
balance sheet
Which control system includes performance standards regarding finances, customers, business processes, and learning?
balanced scorecard
How a person's needs are or are not met at work will affect the person's ______.
behavior on the job
Group maintenance is one of the aspects of the ______ approach to leadership.
behavioral
Which one of the following is NOT identified by the ADA as a form of disability?
broken arm
Although they are useful for keeping discipline and productivity in a company, the administrative personnel that form a company's ______ typically inhibit innovation.
bureaucracy
Sexual harassment in the workplace ______.
can include displays of pornography has both male and female victims violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Oral, written, and electronic are three _______ for communication.
channels
Leaders who are dominant, self-confident, and able to communicate their vision to subordinates are ______ leaders.
charismatic
The excitement, dominance, and self-confidence of ______ leaders contribute to their ability to inspire followers to enthusiastically support their vision.
charismatic
When managers engage in a dialogue with employees with the intended goal of helping them be more effective and achieve their full potential, they are engaging in the ______ process.
coaching
An organization lacking in group ______ will experience mistrust, miscommunication, stress, and attitudinal differences, resulting in decreased performance.
cohesiveness
The degree to which members are attached to or loyal to their group is ______.
cohesiveness
When group members perceive things and behave in similar ways, the group has ______.
cohesiveness
The key element of effective teamwork is commitment to ______.
common purpose
The transmission of information and meaning from one party to another through the use of shared symbols is called ______.
communication
Proper word choice can improve or be detrimental to ______.
communication effectiveness
Brickhouse Construction has a sales meeting to discuss approaches for growth in a downward economy. As a team, they agree on a solution. Robert, one of the team members, continues to argue his point anyway. This is an example of which conflict management style?
competing
Which of the following techniques has been recently found to positively affect the performance of virtual teams?
competition
Used while plans are being carried out
concurrent
____________ control includes directing, monitoring, and fine-tuning activities as they are performed.
concurrent
The process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party is called ______.
conflict
Honestly assessing the reasons behind your successes and failures, constantly analyzing issues and possible solutions, and taking action to make your plans come to fruition are ways to improve your competitive advantage through _________ learning.
continuous
_______ means expanding your horizons by exploring, discovering, and taking action to improve yourself throughout your career.
continuous learning
Which management function ensures that organizational activities are going as planned?
controlling
Effective leaders must defend and execute their vision against opposition, and for this reason they must have ______.
courage
Companies that hire a diverse workforce ______.
develop products that meet consumers' needs in regional and international markets
Sources of stress experienced by global managers include culture shock, language barriers, and ______.
differences in work values
Which of the four leadership behaviors in path-goal theory is a form of task performance-oriented behavior?
directive leadership
In some cases, new technology can completely change the rules of competition within an industry. Technology in those cases is often called a ______ innovation because companies can falter if they fail to respond with effective innovations of their own.
disruptive
Managing ______ means being aware of the characteristics that members of a group have in common yet managing them as individual employees.
diversity
The often unconscious tendency to assume something done differently in another culture is being done incorrectly exemplifies ______.
ethnocentrism
______ is the tendency to judge others by the standards of one's group or culture, which are seen as superior.
ethnocentrism
Establishing a sense of urgency in leading change means ______.
examining current realities and pressures in the marketplace
Assessing the limitations of a technology is known as determining the technological ______ of the innovation.
feasibility
Used before operations begin
feedforward
Feedback control is used at the ______ stage of the process of transforming inputs into finished goods and services.
final
A manager must be a leader to his subordinates and a ______ to his boss.
follower
The unseen obstacle that prevents many women and minorities from ascending the managerial ladder is known as the ______.
glass ceiling
Managing diversity includes ______.
greatly appreciating and utilizing employee differences to create a more effective and lucrative organization
Employees who are not part of the prevailing group in a monolithic organization usually ______.
have low-status jobs
The two types of stretch goals are ______.
horizontal vertical
Diversity training programs make an effort to ______.
identify and reduce hidden biases develop the skills needed to manage a diversified workforce effectively build awareness and skills in this area
The expectancy theory states that increasing expectancies, making performance instrumental toward positive outcomes, and ______ are crucial to motivate employees.
identifying positively valent outcomes
The importance of diversity for U.S. companies is demonstrated by the growth of ______ in the U.S. workforce.
immigrants
Diversity and inclusion initiatives positively impact an organization's competitive advantage through:
increased ability to attract and retain talent. improved perspective in differentiated markets. increased ability to leverage creativity and innovation in problem solving.
A huge change in the United States' labor market has been the ______.
increasing amount of women working outside the home
Which kind of performance goal can be dysfunctional and create competition among team members?
individual
Saaiy prefers to think of himself and his needs when making decisions. This preference suggests that Saaiy prefers a(n) ______ culture.
individualistic
Managing diversity means being cognizant of the traits common to a group of employees while also guiding and meeting the needs of these employees as ______.
individuals
Sometimes employees resist change because they feel comfortable and happy doing things the old way. This is called ______.
inertia
Which category makes up the smallest percentage of technology adopters?
innovators
An effective leader will strive to promote the unleashing of ______ throughout the organization.
intellectual capital
Effective communicators are also capable of observing and ______ nonverbal communications.
interpreting
Hostile environment sexual harassment ______.
leads to an offensive work environment
Companies that excel at solving problems, seeking and finding new approaches, and sharing new knowledge with all members of an organization are called ______ organizations.
learning
Messages are authentic when speakers demonstrate that they are ______ as well as speaking.
listening
Project and development teams work on which type of project?
long term
Job ______ is defined as the level of the employee's skills and technical knowledge relative to the task being performed.
maturity
In the situational theory, Hersey and Blanchard identified which of the following as the key situational factor?
maturity of the followers
What is the second step in the control process?
measuring performance
In ______ communication, information flows from the sender to the receiver with no feedback loop.
one way
A consequence that people receive for their actions is called a(n) ______.
outcome
Performance results in some kind of consequence, which is referred to as a(n) ______.
outcome
Equity theory states that people assess which key factors?
outcomes/inputs
Team cohesiveness can be increased by which kind of decision making?
participative
Executives in ______ firms are more concerned about the opportunity costs of not taking action than they are about the potential to fail.
prospector
A set of perceptions regarding what employees owe their employers and what the employers owe them is called a(n) ______.
psychological contract
The four key consequences that encourage or discourage one's behavior are positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, extinction, and ______.
punishment
When employees violate the law, ethical standards, important safety rules, or standards of interpersonal treatment, ______ is sometimes appropriate.
punishment
An accounting firm gets the most up-to-date computer software at a discount from an online vendor. This is an example of obtaining new technology through ______.
purchase
Managers in Japan and Greece tend to be motivated most by ______ needs.
security
The level of a person's ______ is a measure of psychological maturity.
self-confidence
Group maintenance behaviors focus on ______.
stress reduction people's feelings and comfort
Effective teams are useful as building blocks for which aspect of an organization?
structure
______ leadership is behavior that provides guidance, support, and corrective feedback.
supervisory
Companies that have achieved long-term greatness tend to care most about competing with ______.
their own past successes
Identifying and reducing hidden biases and developing skills to manage a diverse workforce are done through diversity _____________ programs.
training
A ______ is a mental image of a possible and desirable future state of the organization.
vision
A glass ceiling is a metaphor for an invisible barrier for ______.
women and minorities to move up the corporate hierarchy
Groups often receive materials from a different group, review or process them, and pass them on to the next group. This is known as a ___________ relationship.
workflow
In which kind of relationship does a group receive materials, review them, and then pass them on to the next group?
workflow