MGT 340- Organizational Behavior Final Exam Review

The concept of ________ is defined as a state of being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. Multiple Choice virtuousness flow achievement mindfulness flourishing

flow

Which of the following is not a characteristic of high-performing teams? Multiple Choice focusing on group dynamics shared responsibility having a common purpose open, honest communication rapid response

focusing on group dynamics

Which of the following fields is not a field from which OB draws? Political Science Accounting Statistics Economics Vocational Counseling

Accounting

Work-family conflicts can be social or emotional.

False

_______ power tends to produce _________. Multiple Choice Negative legitimate; commitment Reward; compliance Positive legitimate; compliance Reward; commitment Expert; compliance

Reward; compliance

Research in industrial-organizational psychology concluded that the typical personality test is not a valid predictor of job performance.

True

The basic idea of POS is that people are willing to work hard and commit to their organizations when they believe that the organization truly cares about their best interests.

True

Waypower is the ability to see alternatives to achieving a goal, even when faced with adversity.

True

When major league baseball officials failed to notice they had created conditions that encouraged players to use steroids, this was an example of "motivated blindness."

True

According to Barbara Fredrickson's theory, positive emotions Multiple Choice can only exist in a cooperative work environment. can be experienced through enforced self-interest. are not the most important factor for overall happiness. cannot be achieved without substantial social cpaital. broaden your perspective and build on themselves.

broaden your perspective and build on themselves.

A(n) _______ culture encourages collaboration, trust, and mutual support among employees. Multiple Choice clan market hierarchy adhocracy hybrid

clan

Alexa, a manager, explains to Harvey that if he is late to work one more time in the next six weeks he will be suspended without pay for a day. Alexa is exercising _______ power. Multiple Choice reward coercion referent legitimate expert

coercion

Which of the following is not a symptom of groupthink? Multiple Choice mindguards illusion of unanimity self-censorship illusion of invulnerability minority dissent

minority dissent

hich of the following is not a key workplace attitude that managers should track? Multiple Choice job satisfaction employee engagement perceived organizational support organizational commitment turnover

turnover

_____ is employees' shared perceptions of policies, practices, and procedures of an organization. Multiple Choice Culture Socialization Climate Civility Groupthink

Climate

_____ trust addresses the question: "How effectively do people meet or perform their responsibilities and acknowledge other people's skills and abilities?" Multiple Choice Character Contractual Disclosure Competence Expertise

Competence

_______ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened. Multiple Choice Offensiveness Assertiveness Aggression Defensiveness Passivity

Defensiveness

______ are complex, relatively brief responses aimed at a particular target. Multiple Choice Moods Emotions Personalities Attitudes CSEs

Emotions

_____ is the sense of "we-ness" that overrides individual differences and motives. Multiple Choice Group coherence Group cohesiveness Groupthink Peer pressure Stereotyping

Group cohesiveness

_____ power is the basis of power that most people think of as authority. Multiple Choice Reward Coercion Referent Legitimate Expert

Legitimate

________ is a set of culturally learned signals by which we communicate what we mean and interpret others' meanings and evaluate one another as people. Multiple Choice Linguistic intelligence Linguistic style Active style Defensive communication style Linguistic source

Linguistic style

_________ imply nothing about change; _________ outline how organizations will get to the desired state. Multiple Choice Missions; visions Visions; strategic plans Strategic plans; SWOT analyses SWOT analyses; visions Visions; missions

Missions; visions

________ bias is especially evident in entrepreneurs who are deciding to start and sustain new ventures. Multiple Choice Representativeness Overconfidence Escalation of commitment Framing Confirmation

Overconfidence

_____ is a lack of concern for others, impulsive behavior, and a lack of remorse or guilt when one's actions harm others. Multiple Choice Machiavellianism Narcissism Psychopathy Ethnocentrism Laissez-faire syndrome

Psychopathy

What kind of a response is a manager making when he or she chooses a satisfactory, but not ideal, solution? resolving solving dissolving ignoring avoiding

Resolving

_____ are deliberate plans that outline exactly what the team is to do, such as goal setting and defining roles. Multiple Choice Charters Team performance strategies. Team adaptations Strategic plans Agendas

Team performance strategies.

Allen, the manager, is setting goals and giving feedback to his staff. He is employing expectancy theory.

True

________ are the most effective schedules of reinforcement. Multiple Choice Continuous and fixed ratio Fixed interval and fixed ratio Variable ratio and variable interval Fixed interval and variable interval Fixed ratio and variable ratio

Variable ratio and variable interval

The benefit of ________ is that it uses faster, more user-friendly methods of dispute resolution, instead of traditional, adversarial approaches, such as unilateral decision making or litigation. Multiple Choice dysfunctional conflict resolution (DCR) alternative dispute resolution (ADR) conflict resolution service (CRS) flextime fix (FTF) intergroup conflict resolution (ICR)

alternative dispute resolution (ADR)

Communication competence is Multiple Choice the ability of a person to choose the right medium. sensitivity to media richness. an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context. an individual's ability to listen actively. an individual's ability to interpret nonverbal communication.

an individual's ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

Bill wants to work for the Chocolate Factory. He applies for a job and at the same time tries to find out as much as he can about the company on the Internet. He also asks his friend Charles, who already works there, about the work environment and employee benefits that the company offers. Which phase of organizational socialization is Bill currently in? Multiple Choice encounter anticipatory integration Arrival change and acquisition

anticipatory

In which stage of the organizational socialization process would a realistic job preview normally be provided? Multiple Choice mentoring anticipatory socialization encounter change and acquisition networking

anticipatory socialization

Which of these would you not see from an inspiring transformational leader? Multiple Choice inspirational motivation idealized influence individualized consideration intellectual stimulation authoritarian leadership

authoritarian leadership

The ________ conflict handling style is a give-and-take approach. Multiple Choice integrating obliging avoiding dominating compromising

comprising

Mark marches to the beat of his own drummer, while Simon plans on following in his father's footsteps. Mark is open to change, while Simon embraces Multiple Choice conformity. traditionalism. power. benevolence. conservation.

conservation

Alexis, a customer service supervisor at ABC Airlines, typically seeks the full participation of her team members when planning, making important decisions, and implementing changes. Which one of the nine generic influence tactics is she using? Multiple Choice ingratiation personal appeals rational persuasion coalition tactics consultation

consultation

Dr. Hogan carefully chose the final exams written by her best students to read first. They all received excellent grades. After these, she read the rest of the exams and graded most of them average or worse. This is an example of _________ perceptual error. Multiple Choice halo leniency central tendency recency contrast effects

contrast effect

People with high _________ see themselves as capable and effective. Multiple Choice core self-evaluations emotional intelligence introversion extraversion openness to experience

core self-evaluations

In power distribution, the manager adopts the _____ style. Multiple Choice domination consultation participation delegation laissez-faire

delegation

Whalin Seafood Co. made a corporate commitment to sustainability, modifying the ways in which they purchase products. Two years ago, Whalin made a corporate commitment to local sourcing and saw their profits increase. This is an example of Multiple Choice decision-making discretion. shareholder focus on wealth. doing well and doing good. corporate signature strengths. leading the market.

doing well and doing good.

Cyrus accepts a position as a part-time clerk at a small hardware store. His manager, Max, wants to confirm Cyrus's hours for the next 10 days. This is a fairly routine and predictable situation, so Max Multiple Choice e-mails a follow-up to Cyrus asks his lawyer to contact Cyrus. schedules a meeting with Cyrus. videoconferences with Cyrus. mails a handwritten note to Cyrus.

e-mails a follow-up to Cyrus

Luis has just learned that Brian, who has less experience and who does less work, receives a higher salary. Since learning this, Luis has been very unhappy and has started to look for another job. What model of job satisfaction best explains Luis's reactions? dispositional components value attainment met expectations need fulfillment equity

equity

Which of the following is an approach used because it is speedy and can overcome any kind of resistance? Multiple Choice facilitation and support explicit and implicit coercion manipulation and co-optation participation and involvement education and commitment

explicit and implicit coercion

Which forms of consequences weaken an undesirable behavior? Multiple Choice negative reinforcement and extinction negative reinforcement and punishment positive and negative reinforcement extinction and punishment extinction and negative reinforcement

extinction and punishment

Rinaldo is working on a financial analysis of a potential acquisition. It has taken three days of concentrated effort. Jeff stops by to ask for advice. Rinaldo says he can't break his concentration just then. Rinaldo is Multiple Choice in a state of flux. experiencing positivity. mindless. resilient. in the zone.

in the zone

Jimmy starts work at an accounting firm. On the first day of work, his boss takes him aside and tells him about the specifics of his job at the firm. Over the next few months, when they both have time, Jimmy's boss gives him further advice, instructions, and personal training on unique tasks. Which of the following describes Jimmy's socialization process at the accounting firm? Multiple Choice formal fixed individual divestiture collective

individual

Which three roles are especially important to groups? Multiple Choice energizer, harmonizer, gatekeeper initiator, orienter, energizer coordinator, procedural technician, gatekeeper compromiser, commentator, evaluator opinion seeker/giver, standard setter, initiator

initiator, orienter, energizer

When issues are complex, better solutions are needed, commitment is needed, and time is available, the ________ conflict handling style is appropriate. Multiple Choice dominating obliging integrating compromising avoiding

integrating

_______ is defined as the physical and cognitive changes individuals make in the task or relational boundaries of their work. Multiple Choice Job swapping Job crafting Job design Job enrichment Job enlargement

job crafting

Dr. Slotsky is a well-liked professor. Last term, no one received less than a B in any of his courses. Dr. Slotsky may be suffering from _________ perceptual error. Multiple Choice halo leniency central tendency recency contrast effects

leniency

Silvio is a member of the student ethics committee. In meetings, he sometimes appears to be paying attention, but at other times does not appear to be tracking the conversations. He rarely contributes to the discussions. He is exhibiting the __________ style of listening. Multiple Choice active involved passive detached motivated

passive

The highest degree of empowerment is Multiple Choice authoritarian power. power sharing. power distribution. influence sharing. structural.

power distribution.

During a class lecture, Mike finds himself thinking about an argument he had last night with his girlfriend. Mike is displaying Multiple Choice multitasking. rumination. negative emotions. PsyCap. mindfulness.

rumination

_______ is your general belief about your own self-worth. Multiple Choice Self-esteem Self-efficacy Self-expectancy Core self-evaluation Self-expectation

self-esteem

According to Fiedler's theory, a high-control situation favors a __________ leader. Multiple Choice task-motivated relationship-motivated charismatic consultative laissez-faire

task-motivated

The first stage of change, the _________ stage, involves preparing the organization to accept that change is necessary, which involves break down the existing status quo before you can build up a new way of operating. According to Lewin, key to this is developing a compelling message showing why the existing way of doing things cannot continue. Multiple Choice reinforcing resisting unfreezing changing freezing

unfreezing

Marcy left a large Fortune 500 company to go to a small start-up technology firm. Earlier in her career, Marcy wanted a high salary and corporate position, but now she wants something different. She wants to be part of something that will grow and she enjoys the flexibility a small firm offers. In addition, she is involved in decision making, so she almost feels like it's her own company. These differing needs represent steps in Multiple Choice Maslow's need hierarchy. McGregor's Theory Y. McClelland's acquired needs theory. Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory. Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theory.

. Maslow's need hierarchy.

Jane hates the idea of child labor. She works for a company that claims that it doesn't employ children. However, news reports accuse the company of employing young children overseas. ______ is the psychological discomfort that Jane is experiencing since she heard this news. Cognitive dissonance Emotional labor Behavioral intention Emotional dissonance Intelligence disunity

Cognitive dissonance

________ are levers for changing organizational culture, addressing all three levels of culture. Multiple Choice Design of physical space, work environments, and buildings Workflow and organizational structure Organizational activities, processes, or outcomes Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching Formal statements

Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching

Otto wants to develop a program to increase employee productivity. He suggests doubling each employee's production quota and providing a 2 percent bonus for meeting these expectations. According to expectancy theory, what result can Otto expect? Multiple Choice Employee productivity will probably increase. Employee efforts will probably decrease. Expectancy will be high. Instrumentality will be high. Employee valence will not be as high as Otto expects.

Employee efforts will probably decrease.

Peter offers his manager some suggestions for a new holiday display. His manager shrugs his shoulders and tells Peter that the display is all set. Then Sarah approaches the manager with an idea for the display, and the manager tells her that it's a great idea. ______ theory is the model of motivation that explains how Peter is striving for fairness and justice. Multiple Choice Equity Expectancy Needs hierarchy Value Procedural

Equity

Which of the following statements is true? Multiple Choice Evidence-based decision making should never be used in making decisions. Evidence-based decision making should never be used in informing decisions. Evidence-based decision making should never be used in supporting decisions. Evidence-based decision making should always be used in supporting decisions. Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

Evidence-based decision making should sometimes be used in supporting decisions.

_______ are the three elements of expectancy theory. Multiple Choice Expectancy, instrumentality, and values Expectancy, institution, and values Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence Expectancy, institution, and variance Expectancy, instrumentality, and variance

Expectancy, instrumentality, and valence

__________ power tends to produce __________.rev: 12_26_2015_QC_CS-36990 Multiple Choice Positive legitimate; resistance Reward; commitment Expert; commitment Referent; compliance Legitimate negative; commitment

Expert; commitment

According to Schein, a crowd is merely a large group.

False

Anything that interferes with the transmission and understanding of a message is known as feedback.

False

Effective empowerment involves giving decision-making authority to all employees in each and every situation.

False

Efficacy is a component of a person's core self-evaluation; it influences how we perceive ourselves but does not influence how we perceive the world.

False

Employees' perceptions of formal and informal organizational policies, practices, procedures and routines are known as organizational culture.

False

Empowerment is an either-or proposition; either a subordinate is empowered or not—there are no "degrees" of empowerment.

False

Explicit leadership theory is the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers.

False

Goals should always be stated in terms of measured outcomes.

False

Jamil is a new member of a group that evaluates student activities on campus. He wants to focus on bringing more foreign students into the mainstream activities. The president of the group seems to have her own ideas and virtually everyone supports her. When Jamil opposes one of her suggestions, everyone looks uncomfortable. This is an example of a psychological safety climate.

False

Leadership is the same thing as managing.

False

Listening effectiveness is positively associated with customer satisfaction but negatively related to employee job satisfaction.

False

Maslow's need hierarchy and Herzberg's motivator-hygiene theories are both examples of process theories.

False

One advantage of Kotter's eight-step process of implementing change is that it is relatively easy and simple to implement.

False

One of the principles of conscious capitalism is to be shareholder-centric.

False

Openness to experience refers to a person being trusting and good-natured

False

People who have a high need for affiliation make the best managers.

False

Social responsibility is a company's ability to make a profit without sacrificing the resources of its people, the community, and the planet.

False

Stress can have positive effects on certain OB-related outcomes. For instance, it is negatively related to absenteeism because people feel they have to work harder to meet management expectations.

False

The integrating style of conflict handling is appropriate in all conflict situations.

False

The most common response to incivility is that employees work harder to avoid its source.

False

To achieve a climate encouraging positive OB, an organization must foster a specific set of organizational values, organizational practices, and transformational leadership.

False

Organizations typically rely on __________ schedules, such as hourly wages and annual reviews and raises. Multiple Choice continuous fixed interval and fixed ratio variable ratio and variable interval fixed interval and variable interval fixed ratio and variable interval

Fixed interval and fixed ratio

______ are powerful forms of social control that influence group and member behavior. Multiple Choice Group and team cohesiveness Common identities Outcomes Group roles and norms Cross-functional rules

Group roles and norms

_______ leadership theory is based on the idea that people have beliefs about how leaders should behave and what they should do for their followers. Multiple Choice Transformational Transactional Implicit Explicit Servant

Implicit

_____ is the leader behavior that organizes and defines what group members should be doing to maximize output. Multiple Choice Transactional leadership Transformational leadership Consideration Empowerment Initiating structure

Initiating structure

____ refers to the amount of effort that we invest in an activity. Multiple Choice Persistence Direction Volume Intensity Integration

Intensity

___________ results when an individual gains satisfaction and self-praise from an assignment. Multiple Choice Extrinsic motivation Intrinsic motivation Job satisfaction Job dissatisfaction Organizational citizenship behavior

Intrinsic motivation

At Peter James Consulting, managers are in the process of submitting their budget cuts for the next fiscal year. In evaluating alternatives, managers should consider all of the following except Multiple Choice Will these cuts impact the quality of our service? What is the budget impact of these changes? Are these the right choices to make for our company? Is this the choice that I, personally, would like to make? Is this the best use of our resources company-wide?

Is this the choice that I, personally, would like to make?

Why is it critical for managers to develop policies and procedures governing the appropriate use of social media? Multiple Choice They need to ensure that social media will always be beneficial to the organization. It can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks. It can make employees happy to keep up with their friends during the day. People are always more productive using social media. It's more efficient than having employees make personal calls at work.

It can create many legal, financial, and personnel risks.

Dylan and Jack are playing a game of chess. Jack wins, and then he touches Dylan on the shoulder and says "good game." What does this communicate? Multiple Choice Jack is defensive about his win. Jack is feeing superior. Jack likes Dylan. Jack wants Dylan to be happy. Incorrect Jack is bored.

Jack likes Dylan.

_______ represent(s) cognitive shortcuts or biases that are used to simplify the process of making decisions. Multiple Choice Normative intuitions Judgmental heuristics Holistic hunches Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge

Judgmental heuristics

Which of the following is one of the assumptions underlying nonrational models of decision making? Multiple Choice Managers do not possess complete information. Rational decision making is easy. The context for managerial decisions is simple and stable. Decisions can be made with certainty. Managers do not face restrictions when making decisions.

Managers do not possess complete information.

Which of the following statements about tendencies in managerial decision making is false? Multiple Choice Managers make decisions too quickly. Managers don't invest resources to properly study the problem and alternative courses of action. Managers study the problem too extensively and collect too much data. Managers take the easy solution without rigorously considering alternatives. Managers don't consider all the relevant data.

Managers study the problem too extensively and collect too much data.

Martin is the daytime supervisor for a packaging assembly line. He supervises 38 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Martin is following the path-goal model of leadership? Multiple Choice Martin has a certain idea about how he should behave as a leader and what he should do for his team of workers. Martin does not feel like taking responsibility for leading his team because their jobs require minimal training. Martin's leadership skills are most effective when applied to match the characteristics of the situation at hand. Martin wants to develop a partnership with his team illustrated by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates. Martin likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to accomplishment of objectives.

Martin likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to accomplishment of objectives.

Which of the following statements is true? Ill-conceived goals occur when we set goals and incentives to promote a desired behavior, and that behavior is achieved. The slippery slope refers to seeing the ethical actions of others as an example to follow. Motivated blindness occurs when we overlook the unethical behavior of another because it's in our interest to remain ignorant. If the outcome is good, then the behavior must be ethical. Direct blindness occurs when we hold others less accountable for unethical behavior because it's carried out through third parties.

Motivated blindness occurs when we overlook the unethical behavior of another because it's in our interest to remain ignorant.

Amanda is preparing for Jerome's annual review. He is a solid employee—with strong analytical, computer and critical thinking skills. Jerome needs to work on his timeliness and communication skills. Amanda only discusses Jerome's shortcomings during the review, making this a(n)______ experience. Multiple Choice motivational persuasive positive avoidance negative

Negative

Which of the following statements about norms is not true? Multiple Choice Norms are shared phenomena and may apply to the group, team, or organizational level. Norms are typically written down and discussed openly by groups. Norms clarify behavioral expectations. Norms help group members avoid being embarrassed. Norms clarify central values and unique identity of a group

Norms are typically written down and discussed openly by groups.

______ is behavior that is learned when one acts on the environment to produce desired consequences. Multiple Choice Operant behavior Consequential behavior Reward behavior Respondent behavior Contingent behavior

Operant behavior

______ is solving problems by producing the best possible solution. Multiple Choice Satisficing Optimizing Minimizing Using intuition Rationalizing

Optimizing

________ are intentional acts of influence to enhance or protect the self-interest of individuals or groups that are not endorsed by or aligned with those of the organization. Multiple Choice Influence tactics Coalition tactics Organizational politics Political tactics Organizational citizenship behaviors

Organizational politics

Angela works for a company that does not provide good health benefits or career opportunities. Her _____ is most likely to be negative. Multiple Choice OCB CWB POS TPB OB

POS

Which of the following statements about incivility at work is false? Multiple Choice Incivility can arise from both individual and organizational sources. Incivility can damage an organization's reputation. Stress is a potential outcome of incivility. Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility. Abusive supervision is a form of incivility.

Personality is highly unlikely to be a source of incivility.

__________ is associated with entrepreneurialism. Multiple Choice Introversion Spatial intelligence Openness to experience Proactivity Emotional stability

Proactivity

What is true about research on the relationship of virtuous leadership to organizational and individual employee performance? Multiple Choice A long-standing tradition of research in this area has demonstrated a strong, positive relationship between these variables. Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables. Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between virtuous leadership and organizational performance, but a negative relationship between virtuous leadership and individual outcomes. Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between virtuous leadership and individual performance, but a negative relationship between virtuous leadership and organizational outcomes. No research has been conducted in this area.

Recent research in this area has shown a positive relationship between these variables.

Which of the following statements about organizational socialization is false? Multiple Choice Socialization begins before an employee actually joins an organization. The entire socialization process may range from a few weeks to a year to complete. Socialization can take longer for one person than another, depending on individual differences. Research shows that realistic job previews do not help reduce turnover. There is no set way to "onboard" new employees.

Research shows that realistic job previews do not help reduce turnover.

ABC Company recently held a company picnic. _________ theory would suggest that this kind of event is good because it increases employees' ________. Multiple Choice Self-determination; competence Theory Y; performance Maslow's needs hierarchy; satisfaction of physiological needs Self-determination; relatedness Expectancy; valences

Self-determination; relatedness

Several people have quit the administrative support unit of the company recently. About that time, a new company moved into the area with a better health care plan and comparable wages. ______ is the most likely OB perspective to apply. Multiple Choice Individual Group Organizational Iinteractional Situation

Situation

Tanya is the night supervisor for a data processing company. She supervises 26 workers who perform routine jobs that require minimal training. Which of the following statements would indicate that Tanya is following the transformational model of leadership? Multiple Choice Tanya wants to develop a partnership with his team illustrated by reciprocal influence, mutual trust, respect and liking, and a sense of common fates. Tanya seeks to motivate employees to pursue organizational goals above their own self-interests. Tanya likes to provide the guidance and support needed by employees and ties meaningful rewards to completion of objectives. Tanya sets goals, monitors progress toward goal achievement, and rewards and punishes people for their level of goal accomplishment. Tanya's leadership skills are most effective when applied to match the characteristics of the situation at hand.

Tanya seeks to motivate employees to pursue organizational goals above their own self-interests.

In the TED five-step protocol for effective presentations, TED stands for Multiple Choice Technology, Education, Delivery. Technology, Education, Design. Teaching, Education, Development. Technique, Effort, Delivery. Technique, Education, Development.

Technology, Education, Design.

Papa Bill's, a local pizza chain, institutes a new compensation policy to increase the on-time delivery of its pizzas. Drivers are paid an extra $1.00 for each on-time delivery, payable at the next pay period. However, a review of the policy showed that traffic tickets for reckless driving among delivery drivers increased by 50 percent since the new policy was introduced. Which of the following best explains why this reward system did not perform as expected? Multiple Choice The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior. Employees viewed the $1.00 incentive as an entitlement. The delay was too long between the performance and the reward. The organization placed too much emphasis on monetary rewards. The reward lacked an "appreciation effect."

The organization was unintentionally rewarding counterproductive behavior.

________ is the last step of the ABCDE method of cognitive restructuring. Multiple Choice To identify the consequences of your beliefs To list your beliefs about the event or problem To describe how energized and empowered you feel at the moment To formulate a counterargument for your initial thoughts and beliefs To name the event or problem

To describe how energized and empowered you feel at the moment

CSEs are related to reduced conflict and lower stress.

True

Communication competence is a performance-based index of an individual's abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

True

Companies with adhocracy-type cultures are decreasing in the United States because many companies are becoming risk-averse.

True

Cross-cultural differences and nonverbal communication both can be sources of noise between senders and receivers.

True

Effective leader behaviors can be systematically improved and developed.

True

Employees who flourish report less stress and more organizational commitment and job satisfaction. They perform better, and are absent less, than employees who don't flourish.

True

Groups share norms and have goals.

True

Legitimate power can be expressed either positively or negatively.

True

Many effective managers select employees based on positive, job relevant, relatively stable individual differences

True

Problem solving is a systematic process for closing the gap between an actual and a desired outcome

True

Rational persuasion, consultation, collaboration, and inspirational appeals are most effective at building commitment.

True

The combination of stable physical, behavioral, and mental characteristics that give individuals their unique identities is known as personality.

True

The functions of performance management processes include guiding employee development and making employee-related decisions.

True

Carol is a behind-the-scenes kind of person, but everyone wants her on their committee because those committees tend to meet their objectives. Which of the following statements might describe why people want Carol on their committee? Multiple Choice To be a leader, you must have formal authority. Leadership can only be assessed at the group level. Leaders must be evaluated at the beginning of a project. The criteria for assessing leadership effectiveness are always unclear. You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader.

You do not need to have a formal position of authority to be a leader.

A problem is a decision that needs to be made. a gap between an actual and a desired situation. always due to environmental factors. a situation that managers rarely face. something to be ignored until it becomes serious.

a gap between an actual and a desired situation.

The Ethics Review Board at XYZ College is composed of students who were elected by the student body. When a student is charged with an ethics violation, the board meets to hear both sides of the dispute in a confidential meeting. Their decisions are not binding on the parties, according to college policies. They are acting as Multiple Choice ombudsmen. negotiators. a peer review team. conciliators. facilitators.

a peer review team.

Strategies to increase positive experiences include all of the following except Multiple Choice cultivate kindness. develop distractions. accept negative thoughts. create quality connections. encourage others.

accept negative thoughts.

Dr. Barbara Sonders determines financial trends in European markets. She analyzes worldwide financial and economic trends to determine the best course of action for European economies. Her decisions are based on complicated and sometimes ambiguous information, and she has to carefully considers all sides of the issue. What type of decision-making style does Dr. Sonders possess? Multiple Choice directive analytical conceptual behavioral ambiguous

analytical

An example of the ________ heuristic occurs when you see news reports about people losing their jobs, and then start believing that you are in danger of being laid off. You start lying awake in bed each night worrying that you are about to be fired. Multiple Choice availability hindsight representativeness anchoring framing

availability

Why should you invest in PsyCap? Multiple Choice because it will guarantee financial security because it is important to include your résumé because it will ensure you perform better on psychological tests because you need to develop social capital because you have the expectation of future returns or benefits

because you have the expectation of future returns or benefits

Ben and Jen are arguing over individual differences. Which of the following does a person have the most control over? Multiple Choice intelligence behavior emotions CSEs emotional intelligence

behavior

Dawn is at the playground with her four-year-old daughter. The father of another child is yelling and cursing at him. Dawn decides to tell the father to stop the verbal abuse or leave the playground, or she will call the authorities. Dawn's behavior reflects the _______ component of her attitude. Multiple Choice intellectual affective cognitive behavioral value

behavioral

The relationship between conflict intensity and performance outcomes can be described as Multiple Choice the higher the conflict intensity, the lower the performance. the higher the conflict intensity, the higher the performance. higher conflict intensity is related to moderate performance. both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance. conflict intensity is unrelated to performance.

both high and low conflict intensity are related to lower performance.

In groupthink, the "inherent morality" symptom is likely to Multiple Choice breed excessive optimism. cause groups to underestimate opponents. cause groups to interpret silence as assent. question loyalty of dissenters. cause the group to ignore ethical considerations.

cause the group to ignore ethical considerations.

XYZ, Inc., makes consumer products such as shampoo, conditioner, deodorant, and toothpaste. Recently, market research conducted at a university revealed that consumer tastes have changed, and consumers now want their products to come in pastel colors. Currently, XYZ's products all follow a deep blue packaging scheme. What source of change is this? Multiple Choice human resource problem managerial decisions demographic characteristics manufacturing changing customer preferences

changing customer preferences

Larry Page, Google's cofounder and former CEO, describes the culture as a "family" environment. He said, "My job ... is to make sure everybody in the company has great opportunities, and that they feel they're having a meaningful impact and are contributing to the good of society. ... It's important that the company be a family, that people feel that they're part of the company, and that the company is like a family to them. When you treat people that way, you get better productivity." This is an example of _____ culture. Multiple Choice clan market hierarchy adhocracy control

clan

To derive effective solutions in short time spans with limited information, leaders primarily need Multiple Choice cognitive abilities. emotional intelligence. interpersonal skills. strategic skills. business skills.

cognitive abilities.

Tony has a full courseload and a full-time job. He has tried everything he can think of to help him deal with his stress, but nothing has worked. He plans to go see a counselor next week. What method relies on therapeutic intervention? Multiple Choice muscle relaxation meditation cognitive restructuring holistic wellness biofeedback

cognitive restructuring

Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is Multiple Choice committed, collaborative, and competent committed, controlled, and collaborative. controlled, capable, and content. committed, capable, and competent. committed, capable, and consistent.

committed, collaborative, and competent

The three key elements of equity theory are outputs, inputs, and a(n) Multiple Choice summary of total rewards. sense of fairness and justice in social exchanges. comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs. total of each person's inputs. acknowledgment of cognitive dissonance.

comparison of the ratio of outputs to inputs.

Carla tends to take long-term view and rely on discussions with others to acquire information. She has a high tolerance for ambiguity and is oriented toward people and social concerns when making decisions. Which decision-making style does Carla possess? Multiple Choice analytical conceptual directive behavioral consultative

conceptual

Donna and Kim are both secretaries for the accounting department. Because someone must be present to answer the phones at all times, different times must be scheduled for each of them to go to lunch. Both of them want the time from noon to 1 p.m. Previous unsuccessful discussions have occurred, resulting in their not speaking to each other. Patti, who also works in the department, sits down separately with each of them to try to explore possible solutions, with the idea that if she can find common ground, they will again discuss alternative schedules face-to-face. Patti is acting as a(n) Multiple Choice facilitator. arbitrator. ombudsman. conciliator. negotiator.

conciliator.

Acme Company would like to reduce stereotyping and combat in-group thinking by creating social hours after work where members of different ethnicities and races can mingle and learn more about each other's backgrounds and interests. This would be an example of Multiple Choice groupthink. psychological safety climates. avoidance. contact hypothesis.

contact hypothesis.

Pop's Ice Cream Store sales were down 15 percent this summer. The owner, Pop, says that in his experience rainy summers mean lower ice cream sales. Jonathan, his assistant, notices the staff at Pop's appear uninterested and slow to serve customers. He would like to replace at least one of them with a younger college student for the rest of the summer. Jonathan is using a(n) ______ perspective. experience management theory hindsight contingency common sense

contingency

JM Video Games uses ________ to help design new products. It reviews proposed designs twice a year, and the winner of the design competition is awarded $2,500. Multiple Choice crowdsourcing freelancers outsourcing local students think tanks

crowdsourcing

The __________ phase spans two to five years and entails the junior person receiving a host of career and psychosocial guidance. Multiple Choice redefinition initiation traditional separation cultivation

cultivation

Some organizations block employees' access to social media sites. This can Multiple Choice ensure increased productivity for all employees. damage employee morale and loyalty. ensure that employees use personal cell phones at work. encourage employees to follow up on work e-mails at home. show employees that you trust their judgment.

damage employee morale and loyalty.

Which of the following is not included in the monitoring step of performance management? Multiple Choice measuring performance verifying progress deciding how to measure performance verifying achievement of goals tracking performance

deciding how to measure performance

Jim is head of the marketing department and must decide how to allocate a fixed amount of funds. There are two top projects that Jim believes hold the most promise. Recently, the majority of funds have been allocated to Project A, but Jim wonders if it is time to provide Project B with a larger share of the money. Jim decides to assign a particular individual, Clara, to thoroughly criticize the proposal for Project B, looking for every possible flaw. Which technique is Jim using to help him make a better decision? Multiple Choice diagnostic process devil's advocacy mediation dialectic method negotiation

devil's advocacy

Jonathan decides that rather than hire an employee to replace someone who left, he will eliminate the position. Jonathan is resolving the problem. solving the problem. dissolving the problem. ignoring the problem. avoiding the problem.

dissolving the problem

Jill has joined the police academy. During the training process, Jill and the other cadets are made to wear uniforms and maintain an immaculate appearance. The trainers address her as "officer" instead of using her first name. All the cadets are told they are no longer ordinary citizens but representatives of the police force. This is the ______ form of organizational socialization. Multiple Choice role play investiture informal divestiture random

divestiture

A low valence means that the person Multiple Choice does not value the outcomes. does not trust the company. does not feel confident in his or her ability to do the job. is not motivated. is highly motivated.

does not value the outcomes.

The advantage of _________ as a means of overcoming change is that once persuaded, people will often help with the implementation of the change. Multiple Choice facilitation and support explicit and implicit coercion negotiation and agreement participation and involvement education and communication

education and communication

Javier's supervisor asks him to create a PowerPoint presentation for the next staff meeting based on a series of note cards he provided. Javier is experiencing ______ because he is proficient at PowerPoint. Multiple Choice hope efficacy PERMA health resilience

efficacy

_______ is the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles. Multiple Choice Employee involvement Employee engagement Organization commitment Job satisfaction Organizational citizenship behavior

employee engagement

Research shows that when an organization breaches a psychological contract, Multiple Choice employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied, but their performance and intentions to quit are not affected. employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied, without their performance being affect, but they are also more likely to quit. employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied and more likely to quit, and their performance is likely to be lower. employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied and have lower job performance, but are not more likely to quit. this has no effect on employee satisfaction, commitment, intentions to quit, or job performance.

employees are likely to be less committed and satisfied and more likely to quit, and their performance is likely to be lower.

In the _________ phase of organizational socialization, employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like. Multiple Choice mentoring anticipatory encounter change and acquisition networking

encounter

In which stage of the organizational socialization process would an onboarding program be provided? Multiple Choice mentoring anticipatory encounter change and acquisition networking

encounter

Kiki is a manager of a small boutique gift store. She only has two employees, Tim and Sandra. Tim is a part-time student and is happy with the amount of work he has at the store. Sandra works full-time, but seems to be less interested and increasingly remote at work. Kiki asks Sandra if anything is wrong, and Sandra says she is bored and thinking of leaving. Kiki knows that Sandra paints as a hobby and suggests that she might want to take over the store and window displays. Sandra is really excited about the opportunity. This is an example of a manager who is Multiple Choice focusing on customer service. motivated to move up in the organization. addressing the employee's stress levels. enhancing the employee's job satisfaction. confronting an employee about her problems.

enhancing the employee's job satisfaction.

Younger employees also are more likely to use the Internet and social media to accomplish their tasks. This is an example of the ___________ that represent the key issue when considering communication across generations. Multiple Choice expectations and norms rules and regulations corporate policies and procedures FCC laws statements by management

expectations and norms

Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Sharon understands that even with a lucrative severance package, the news will adversely affect the lives of these employees. Therefore, she wants to break the news to them in a sensitive manner so as to maintain the company's image. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation? Multiple Choice face-to-face conversation voice mail personal e-mail memo letter

face-to-face conversation

Roger manages both Bill and Nancy. They are in an argument about who should handle a particular job. Roger encourages them to deal directly with each other in a positive and constructive manner. Roger is acting as a(n) Multiple Choice facilitator. arbitrator. ombudsman. conciliator. negotiator.

facilitator

As part of a work group, Bob's main job is to resolve conflicts between other group members. Whenever there is an argument, he tries to figure out a solution that benefits both parties, or he quickly defuses the tension with some jokes. Which of the following roles is Bob performing within his work group? Multiple Choice coordinator orienter evaluator energizer harmonizer

harmonizer

Claire takes on the role of ______; she tends to mediate conflict through humor. Multiple Choice follower gatekeeper commentator harmonizer compromiser

harmonizer

Teresa has a problem. She is working on three projects and the deadline for Project C was moved up. This particular client, Client C, is fairly easy-going and never puts any pressure on her unless it's absolutely necessary. Teresa decides to talk to Client A who always wants the project results a few days before the actual deadline. There might be some flexibility with that timeline. Teresa is using _______ in order to make this decision. Multiple Choice her expertise a managerial style rational processes informal guidelines optimizing abilties

her expertise

Gannet Publishers has traditional layers of management and emphasis is placed on following the chain of command. Power, status, and position help the leaders within a hierarchy culture manage their employees. Gannett appears to have a(n) _________ culture. Multiple Choice empowered clan adhocractic market hierarchical

hierarchical

Jim is the daytime supervisor for an automobile assembly line. He supervises 45 people who perform relatively routine jobs that require minimal training. The shop is unionized, so Jim has little latitude when it comes to dismissing poor performers. However, he does have the authority to transfer employees and has been known to reassign poor performers to less desirable jobs on the assembly line. Jim has a reputation for only transferring employees with just cause, and generally is viewed as a fair supervisor by his employees. Although he would like greater autonomy to determine salaries, Jim generally divides bonuses and raises equally among his employees. To do otherwise would likely create conflict with union members and representatives. According to Fiedler's model, what would the task structure of Jim's employees be considered? Multiple Choice absolute high medium low nonexistent

high

Chris, a manager, knows that one of his employees values achievement and power. Chris should assign the employee to a job that includes Multiple Choice high social value. high security. high self-direction. high conformity. high influence over others.

high influence over others

Mark, the business head of a firm, wanted to give New Year's gifts to his employees. He discussed this with his employees and decided to give leather computer bags. Mark stated that he did not want to give cheap bags, while a few employees said that they did not want exorbitantly priced designer name bags. Identify the step of added-value negotiation used in this situation. Multiple Choice clarify interests identify options design alternative deal packages Incorrect select a deal perfect the deal

identify options

In __________, the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction is significantly stronger. Multiple Choice men rather than in women individualistic rather than collectivist cultures older people rather than younger women rather than in men only the United States

individualistic rather than collectivist cultures

Alana says to her subordinates, in essence, "Let me provide tangible support to help you reach your goals." Alana is engaging in Multiple Choice inspirational motivation. idealized influence. individualized consideration. intellectual stimulation. charismatic behavior.

individualized consideration.

In the Organizing Framework, Multiple Choice inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes. inputs lead directly to outcomes. outcomes never affect inputs. outcomes never affect processes. inputs are unrelated to processes.

inputs lead to processes, which lead to outcomes

Jen runs a medium-sized credit processing company. Everyone gets along and does their job, but Jen feels the employees are not really invested in the company. Jen volunteers as an ESOL teacher twice a week, helping immigrants learn English. She is inspired by doing this volunteer work, and she decides to offer all the employees an opportunity to volunteer "on the clock" at whatever they choose. Each employee will meet with Human Resources, create a plan and submit a schedule. Jen is ______ by empowering employees and leading for meaningfulness. Multiple Choice inspiring subordinates delegating important tasks supporting and coaching employees monitoring and rewarding employees providing training and mentoring

inspiring subordinates

A(n) ________ negotiation describes a situation where an agreement can be found that is better for both parties. Multiple Choice distributive alternative dialectic integrative

integrative

Johan does well at work because he is able to think constructively, reason, and problem solve. Johan is exhibiting Multiple Choice intelligence. emotions. attitude. self-esteem. self-efficacy.

intelligence

The two dimensions of the competing values framework are Multiple Choice internal-external and group-individual. internal-external and anticipatory-retrospective. internal-external and stable-flexible. group-individual and stable-flexible. group-individual and anticipatory-developmental.

internal-external and stable-flexible.

Randall wants to put more variety into his assistant's job by combining specialized tasks of about the same level of difficulty. This is Multiple Choice job rotation. job enrichment. job enlargement.

job enlargement

By ___________, a person can develop self-awareness. Multiple Choice displaying honesty and integrity knowing his or her own strengths and limits being ready to seize opportunities keeping up with organizational politics wielding a range of tactics for persuasion

knowing his or her own strengths and limits

Which of the following is not an appropriate measure of goal achievement? Multiple Choice timeliness lack of interpersonal conflict quantity quality financial measures

lack of interpersonal conflict

Which of the following mechanisms for changing organizational culture addresses only the level of basic underlying assumptions of culture? rev: 06_13_2018_QC_CS-128036 Multiple Choice leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises rites and rituals formal statements design of physical space slogans and language

leader reactions to critical incidents and organizational crises

In which of the following situations would a leader's situational control be considered high? Multiple Choice leader-member relations good; task structure low; position power weak leader-member relations good; task structure high; position power weak leader-member relations poor; task structure high; position power strong leader-member relations poor; task structure low; position power strong leader-member relations poor; task structure low; position power weak

leader-member relations good; task structure high; position power weak

Which of the following is not an advantage of group decision making? Multiple Choice greater commitment to a decision less time spent making a decision better understanding of the decision rationale greater pool of knowledge more visible role modeling

less time spent making a decision

The business department at WhatsUp University is planning to split into two departments, one for accounting and finance and another for marketing and management. As a result, the present department chair, Professor Bland, will lose his full-time release from teaching and also share his position on the dean's council with whoever the other department chair will be. He is against the change, stating that it will cause many problems. How would you describe the most likely cause of Dr. Bland's resistance? Multiple Choice fear of failure loss of status dispositional resistance fear of the unknown peer pressure

loss of status

Lily graduates from high school and is ready to go to college. However, she also loves sports. She wants to join a basketball academy and become a professional basketball player. Lily finds her uncertainty about her future very stressful and is psychologically uncomfortable about it. This implies that Lily has a(n) Multiple Choice low tolerance for ambiguity. conceptual decision-making style. low need for structure. analytical style of decision making. high social concern.

low tolerance for ambiguity.

When other tactics will not work or are too expensive, the best approach to overcoming resistance to change is Multiple Choice facilitation and support. explicit and implicit coercion. manipulation and co-optation. participation and involvement. education and commitment.

manipulation and co-optation

In the _______ culture, employees are encouraged to set difficult goals and strive to achieve them. Employee performance is closely monitored and often directly rewarded or punished. Multiple Choice clan market hierarchy adhocracy hybrid

market

Noreen is extremely happy to be working at QBiz. They are a socially conscious, community-focused company. Noreen knows that her goals align with those of her manager, team, and employer. Noreen has ________ in relation to her company. Multiple Choice impact meaning self-determination competence significance

meaning

Leaders increase psychological empowerment by engaging in behaviors that enhance perceptions of Multiple Choice intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact. hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism. pride, joy, and achievement. leader-member relations, task structure, and leader position power.

meaningfulness, self-determination, competence, and impact.

Big Brothers Big Sisters is a volunteer _________ network that pairs adults with children. A survey of adults who participated in the program when they were children revealed that the majority obtained values and principles that influenced them throughout their lives. Multiple Choice entrepreneurial opportunistic traditional financial mentoring

mentoring

Compliance can be a result of __________ power. Multiple Choice positive legitimate, expert, and referent negative legitimate, expert, and referent negative legitimate, coercive, and reward negative legitimate, reward, and expert positive legitimate, expert, and reward

negative legitimate, coercive, and reward

Josh runs into heavy traffic every day while driving to work. Yesterday, he left home earlier than usual and did not run into heavy traffic. Again, today, he left earlier and avoided heavy traffic. His behavior of leaving earlier enabled him to avoid heavy traffic and reach the office on time. In which of the following processes did Josh engage? Multiple Choice positive reinforcement extinction punishment negative reinforcement intermittent reinforcement

negative reinforcement q

Amy receives a note from Carrie, asking her to pick up some materials for a project from Staples. Amy does the shopping, but misses a few items because she can't decipher Carrie's writing. This is an example of Multiple Choice feedback. decoding. encoding. noise. media richness.

noise

Mottollo Pasta uses their website to explain that five traits make their culture distinctive—creativity, sustainability, family, community, and diversity. What level of organizational culture does this represent? rev: 11_07_2017_QC_CS-108593 Multiple Choice espoused values basic underlying assumptions enacted values observable artifacts sustainability

observable artifacts

Religuard is a pharmaceutical company that has factories in Taiwan. Due to environmental regulations in the country becoming stricter, Religuard has had to shut operations at three of its five manufacturing units. Which of the following forces of change had a role to play in the shutting down of these units? Multiple Choice market changes social and political pressures managerial behavior technological advancements demographic characteristics

ocial and political pressures

Letitia reports to work at Apex Inc. This is her first day. Human resources tells Letitia to report to a conference room so that she can review the company's mission statement and policies, go over her job description, and learn about the technology systems in use. This type of experience is an ______ program. Multiple Choice incoming onboarding involvement introductory engagement

onboarding

Which of the following is not an underlying assumption of many models of change? Multiple Choice People never change. Resistance is found even when the goals of change are highly desirable. Change involves both learning and unlearning. Effective change requires reinforcement. There must be motivation to change.

people never change

The ____ stage is often characterized by a climate of open communication, strong cooperation, and lots of helping behavior. Cohesiveness and personal commitment to group goals help the group achieve more than could any one individual acting alone Multiple Choice forming storming norming conforming performing

performing

_____ power is the type of influence a person exercises independent of his or her job or position. Multiple Choice Reward Coercion Legitimate Personal Political

personal

Carol and Dee have never gotten along. Carol feels that Dee acts superior, while Dee believes that Carol just tries to please everyone. This is ________ conflict, which is defined as interpersonal opposition based on individual dislike or disagreement. Multiple Choice personality distributive programmed integrative devil's advocate

personality

Grace is going to be leading a meeting of her colleagues to discuss how they might redesign one of their work processes. She decides that she will use a PowerPoint presentation to lay out the problems with the existing workflow. She is in the __________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations. Multiple Choice frame your story plan your delivery plan your multimedia develop your stage presence put it together

plan your multimedia

Mary is happy to work in a company that fosters great relationships. In particular, Mary is impressed with the level of communication on the group and team level as well as throughout the organization. Overall, her company offers a(n) Multiple Choice positive climate. virtuous environment. functional structure. critical climate. fortress culture.

positive climate.

What type of power tends to produce commitment? Multiple Choice positive legitimate, expert, and referent negative legitimate, expert, and referent negative legitimate, coercive, and reward negative legitimate, reward, and expert positive legitimate, expert, and reward

positive legitimate, expert, and referent

Matt completes his assignments on time. His teacher said that she would allow extra play time to children who submit their assignments on or before the due date. Which of the following made Matt complete his assignments on time? Multiple Choice positive reinforcement negative reinforcement respondent behavior unlearned reflexes intermittent reinforcement

positive reinforcement

Of the following, ________ is the least frequently used influence tactic. Multiple Choice personal appeals pressure inspirational appeals coalition tactics exchange

pressure

A(n) _______ is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who effects environmental change. Multiple Choice extrovert proactive person stable person introvert imaginative and curious

proactive person

The perceived fairness of the processes used to make allocation decisions is called ______ justice. Multiple Choice distributive procedural interactional interpersonal institutional

procedural

As part of a work team in his office, it is Larry's job to make photocopies of relevant materials and hand them out to the team members during meetings. Which of the following task roles is Larry performing in his work team? Multiple Choice coordinator orienter evaluator procedural technician recorder

procedural technician

A local political group is divided on how to present their candidate. The debate is getting heated. Finally, the head of the group focuses the team on defending their idea based on facts, rather than personal preference. This is an example of ______ conflict. Multiple Choice functional dysfunctional programmed escalating integrative

programmed

Jonathan is concerned about an important presentation that he will be making next week. He asks Roger to listen to it and give him feedback. He is in the ___________ step of the TED protocol for effective presentations. Multiple Choice frame your story plan your delivery plan your multimedia develop your stage presence put it together

put it together

The _______ model of decision making assumes that managers are completely objective and possess all information for their decisions. In this model, decisions demonstrate excellent logic. Multiple Choice intuition satisficing holistic evidence-based rational

rational

Of the following, the most frequently used influence tactic is Multiple Choice personal appeals. pressure. rational persuasion. coalition tactics. exchange.

rational persuasion.

The perceptual model of communication depicts communication as a process in which Multiple Choice communication is 100 percent accurate. communication needs are minimized. receivers create meaning in their own minds. there is no need to encode or decode messages. feedback is not important.

receivers create meaning in their own minds.

The recommended way to look at resistance to change is to view it as caused by Multiple Choice primarily the personality of the recipient. recipient characteristics, change agent characteristics, and the relationship between the change agent and the recipient. mistakes the change agent makes and personal distress. cultural differences only. personal distress and cutural differences.

recipient characteristics, change agent characteristics, and the relationship between the change agent and the recipient.

To minimize halo perceptual error, a manager should Multiple Choice record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year. be fair and realistic in evaluations. define an accurate profile with both high and low points. evaluate employees against a predetermined standard twice a year. provide only negative or corrective feedback so employees will improve.

record examples of positive and negative performance throughout the year

Professor Jones asks Professor Brown to cover class for her while she is out of town presenting a paper at a conference. They are good friends and work together effectively on several committees. Professor Brown not only covers the class, but develops a special lecture and exercise for the students. Professor Jones is using her _______ power and Professor Brown is ________. Multiple Choice reward; committed reward; complying referent; committed referent; complying expert; complying

referent; committed

According to Fiedler's theory, a moderate-control situation favors a __________ leader. Multiple Choice task-motivated relationship-motivated charismatic consultative laissez-faire

relationship-motivated

Individuals who are conceptual in decision-making style Multiple Choice risk being autocratic and focusing on the short term. sometimes overanalyze situations. rely on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information. adopt a short-term perspective. have a tendency to avoid conflict.

rely on intuition and discussions with others to acquire information.

A manager of an advertising firm appointed two employees to strike an advertising deal with one of their big clients. They were chosen as they had made a similar agreement previously with another client. Which of the following biases was the manager engaging in? Multiple Choice q anchoring framing bias fundamental attribution error self-serving bias

representativeness

John leads a team of 10 salespersons. He informs the team that the first member to achieve the year's target will be sent on an all-expenses-paid holiday to the Grand Canyon National Park. John is demonstrating __________ power. Multiple Choice referent legitimate reward coercive expert

reward

Ethics is primarily concerned with right and wrong. legal and illegal. moral and immoral. religious and nonreligious. public and nonpublic.

right and wrong

Which of the following is an individual function of a group? Multiple Choice coordinate interdepartmental efforts satisfy the person's need for affiliation. implement complex decisions socialize newcomers accomplish complex, interdependent tasks

satisfy the person's need for affiliation.

"When you know yourself, you are comfortable with your strengths and not crippled by your shortcomings...." This is a soft skill. self-awareness. common sense. hindsight. objectivity.

self-awareness

Peter is a resident surgeon at his local hospital. Before he could start his residency, he had to complete four years of medical school, and then two years of internship. Identify the socialization process that Peter had to undergo. Multiple Choice random socialization collective socialization sequential socialization informal socialization fixed socialization

sequential socialization

Person factors and ______ are the two broad categories of OB concepts and theories. the three levels at work ethical factors situation factors problem solving system processes

situation factors

Roberto is a manager at XYZ Corporation. Every day, he eats lunch in the company cafeteria so he can learn the latest news and rumors. Roberto is exhibiting his Multiple Choice relationship management. self-awareness. self-disclosure. extraversion. social awareness.

social awareness

Jackson and Samuel both work for XYZ Company, in different departments. They discover a common interest in classic cars, and on weekends often meet up at car shows. They are probably providing _______ to each other. Multiple Choice instrumental support informational support esteem support achievement support social companionship

social companionship

The negotiation and communication approach to overcoming resistance to change should be used when Multiple Choice there is a lack of information. the initiators do not have all the information they need to make the change. people are resisting because of adjustment problems. someone will clearly lose out in the change, and that person has considerable power to resist. speed is essential and the initiators have considerable power.

someone will clearly lose out in the change, and that person has considerable power to resist.

When _________, the explicit and implicit coercion approach to overcoming resistance to change should be used. Multiple Choice there is a lack of information the initiators do not have all the information they need to make the change people are resisting because of adjustment problems someone will clearly lose out in the change, and that person has considerable power to resist speed is essential and the initiators have considerable power

speed is essential and the initiators have considerable power

One of the benefits of using intuition to make decisions is that it can Multiple Choice be useful when you have unlimited resources. help managers who are bounded. speed up the decision-making process. help managers understand all of the highly desirable conditions. slow down the decision-making process so you don't make a mistake.

speed up the decision-making process.

The general strategy for the practical application of situational theories includes all of the following except Multiple Choice identify important outcomes. identify situational conditions. match leadership to the conditions at hand. stick to one leadership style. identify relevant leadership behaviors.

stick to one leadership style.

Carol takes over as CEO of Sandstorm Jeans, a company on the verge of bankruptcy. She institutes radical changes and eliminates 35 percent of the positions. Even after this, the remaining employees resist her ideas. This represent the ____ stage; it is a time of testing. Multiple Choice norming conforming forming performing storming

storming

Leanne is promoted to manager of XYX Furniture Store. George also applied for the position. He confronts Leanne, claiming that she is undeserving of the position and only got it because she was a woman. Leanne explains that she has 10 years of pervious experience in other stores. Leanne is exhibiting Multiple Choice restoration. virtuosity. temperance. compassion. flourishing.

temperance.

Javier asked Maria for general advice on homework. Then he asked her to let him see specific problems. Now he wants to copy her assignment, claiming he has no time and the content is too difficult. This is an example of ill-conceived goals. motivated blindness. indirect blindness. the slippery slope. overvaluing outcomes.

the slippery slope.

The first of the basic elements for selecting an effective solution is to determine the criteria for the decision. to generate alternatives. to consider the consequences. to decide who will make the decision. to make the decision.

to determine the criteria for the decision.

Which of the following is not a general category of leader behaviors? Multiple Choice transactional task-oriented relationship-oriented passive transformational

transactional

When we get wrapped up in our own problems, we forget to take care of others. Several years ago, a movement called "Random Acts of Kindness" started. What does this reflect? Multiple Choice upward spirals of positivity multiple positives platitude avoidance positive signature strength framework of positivity

upward spirals of positivity

Schwartz's model suggests that Multiple Choice values may conflict with each other. values are important, but have no direct effect on motivation. values are unstable. we are always aware of our values and how they influence us. values are formed when we are in our early adulthood.

values may conflict with each other.

Philip got an e-mail from his supervisor with compliments and praises for his work over the past few months. This is an example of a __________ schedule of reinforcement. Multiple Choice continuous fixed ratio variable ratio fixed interval variable interval

variable interval

Jason is working at Sushow Motors. The position, as originally described, involved conducting research with customers. Instead, Jason is answering phones and filing. He's very unhappy and thinks he should find another job. This thought process is Multiple Choice withdrawal cognitions. employee review. perceived stress. organizational behavior. job dissatisfaction.

withdrawal cognitions

Teddy is a project manager at a consulting firm. He travels a lot and works very long hours. When he's home, he is always checking e-mail. He has a three-year-old son and a brand-new daughter, and his wife is upset that he doesn't help more. He is experiencing Multiple Choice work-family conflict. dysfunctional conflict. functional conflict. conflict handling issues. incivility.

work-family conflict.