MGT 4308 - Final Exam Review

Stimulations

Give participants the opportunity to work on a problem that stimulates real organization.

Social Proof

People follow the lead of similar others

Physical activity is recommended as a way to enhance creative thinking because _____.

physical exercise pumps more blood and oxygen into the brain

Assigning projects to managers that are not part of company operations

Action Learning Program

Performance Orientation

As a cultural value, the degree to which a society encourages (or should encourage) and rewards group member for performance improvement and excellence.

Time Orientation

As a cultural value, the importance nations and individuals attach to time.

Treatment for emotional problems

Psychotherapy

In terms of leadership and management, listening is _____.

a fundamental skill

Socialization Programs

Becoming acclimated to the company and accepting its vision and values

Scarcity

People want more of what they can have less of

Leadership Succession

An orderly process of identifying and grooming people to replace executives.

Assertiveness

As a cultural value, the degree to which individuals are (and should be) assertive, confrontational and aggressive in their relationships with one another.

Listening skills are particularly important when a negotiator wants to _____.

investigate what the other side wants

Servant Leadership

Effective in sharing leadership responsibility

Transactional leadership

Associated with exploitative innovation

In-group collectivism

The degree to which individuals express, and should express, pride loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations and families.

Which of the following is true of negotiating strategies?

The final compromise is closer to the true demand if negotiations open realistically.

Self-awareness

Insightfully processing feedback about oneself to improve personal effectiveness.

Which of the following is true of systemic thinking?

It involves examining the influence of external factors on an organization.

Behavioral Role Modeling

It is based on social learning theory

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of multilingualism in companies involved in cross-cultural activity?

It may interfere with accomplishing business goals.

Magnolia Inc., a producer of athletic shoes, has introduced an on-the-job training program for its marketing executives to minimize training costs and increase employee productivity. Which of the following components best explains Magnolia Inc.'s program?

Knowledge application

Composite Mentoring

Learning to enhance strategic thinking and creativity from a collection of people

Emotional CQ

The self-confidence and courage to keep trying even though the first few attempts at adapting one's behavior to a group of foreign workers went poorly.

Crowdsourcing

The use of collective intelligence gathered from the public for accomplishing tasks, often by the use of social media.

According to the various sources of experience, which of the following are the two major developmental factors in any work situation?

Work associates and work-related tasks

Transformational leadership enhances innovation because it _____.

creates an environment of change and growth

Camellia Corp., a furniture company, has set up its manufacturing unit in a country where the government provides incentives for companies that have a stated long-term investment plan. It can be said that Camellia Corp. is operating in a country that most likely scores _____.

high on future orientation

Which of the following examples shows practices that encourage creative thinking?

Aries Inc., a company producing household appliances, encourages its employees to present their ideas on white boards placed throughout the company.

Juliet is a manager heading a team of competitive and talented individuals. She does not interfere when differences of opinion arise among her team members and allows them to sort out problems by themselves. Juliet is adopting the _____ style of conflict management.

Avoidant

Conceptual knowledge program

It often address topics of immediate concern to busienss

Which of the following is true of traditional thinking?

It refers to a standard way of finding a solution for a problem.

Brand Leadership

Succeeding through developing the reputation of a brand name can be considered a business strategy.

Transformational leadership

Encourages workers to pursue exploratory innovation

Strategic Alliances

Form Alliances or joint ventures with other companies to exploit a market opportunity.

Which of the following self-developmental activities acts as a vehicle for personal development?

Having a healthy mindset toward personal growth

High-speed strategy and first mover strategy

Time is money - Focus on speed in all of their business activities, including product development, sales response, and customer service.

Cost leadership

To produce a product or service at a low cost in order to lower the selling price and gain market share.

Accommodative Style

People with this orientation may be generous or self-sacrificing just to maintain a relationship

The software development team of a company designing Internet security systems engages in a brainstorming session with the software testing team. The leader of the development team records all the complaints that the testing team has about the organization and functioning of the software development team. Which of the following best describes the process described in the given scenario?

Pet-peeve technique

Which of the following explains the fact that cultural diversity drives business development?

It enables a company to connect with various audiences and expand into new markets.

Focus on environmental sustainability

Focus on being green and engaging in many activities that help sustain the external environment.

Sharing Style

People following this style prefer moderate but incomplete satisfaction for both parties, which results in a compromise.

Liking

People like those who like them

Reciprocity

People repay in kind

Collaborative Style

People using this approach are genuinely concerned about arriving at a settlement that meets the needs of both parties.

Work Orientation

As a cultural value, the number of hours per week and weeks per year people expect to invest in work versus leisure, or other nonwork activities.

Competitive Style

A person with this style is likely to engage in win-lose power struggles.

Linguistic Style

A person's characteristic speaking pattern.

Cross-cultural Training

A set of learning experiences designed to help employees understand the customs, traditions, and beliefs of another culture.

Cultural Misunderstandings have five key cluster areas

1. Language differences 2. Religious differences 3. Work habits 4. Women's roles 5. Personal Appearance and behavior

What are the six basic principles of persuasion?

1. Liking 2. Authority 3. Reciprocity 4. Social Proof 5. Consistency 6. Scarcity

Knowledge Management

A concerted effort to improve how knowledge is created, delivered, and applied.

Which is the best known method for creativity improvement?

Brainstorming

Which of the following is true of servant leadership?

It leads to more information exchange among group members.

Involves a considerable element of "how to"

Skill-Based Programs

Product and Global diversification

A natural business strategy to offer a variety of products and services and to sell across borders to enhance market opportunities.

Operational Network

A network of relationships with coworkers for doing one's assigned tasks effectively.

Diversity Training

A learning experience designed to bring about work-place harmony by teaching people how to get along better with diverse work associates.

Feedback-intensive development program

A learning experience that helps leaders develop by seeing more clearly their patterns of behaviors, the reasons for such behaviors, and the impact of these behaviors and attitudes on their effectiveness.

Crucibles

Critical events and experiences that more often reflect failure than grand success.

_____ refers to the creation of new ideas and their implementation.

Innovation

Christopher Corp., a multinational technology firm, is working on an expansion plan to increase its market share. To understand its position, the company undertakes a SWOT analysis. Meanwhile, the government has brought in a new program that seeks to increase spending in the technology sector. This move by the government is beneficial to the company. In a SWOT analysis, Christopher Corp. is most likely to consider this new government program as an _____.

external opportunity

Knowledge application

gets workers better at what they do

In the context of loose-tight leadership, looseness refers to _____.

granting space for new ideas and exploration

Leon Corp., a construction company, has incorporated energy efficient practices such as installing solar panels and advanced waste management systems. Leon Corp. has adopted a(n) _____.

green strategy

When a person sending a message is perceived to be highly credible, he or she _____.

has a better chance of communicating persuasively

The technology heads of major automobile companies of a country are in a group on a social media network. They are closely acquainted with each other and often exchange industry -related information. According to the strength-of-ties perspective, this network is considered to be a(n) _____.

high-density network

In brainstorming, potential solutions are not criticized or evaluated during the _____ stage.

idea-generating

Right Bank offers a range of products and services for the corporate sector. If the management encourages exploitative innovation, the bank is most likely to _____.

make incremental improvements in existing products, services, or processes

An essential feature of a power-oriented linguistic style is _____.

making the point quickly

Helen lives in a city whose population supports and rewards members of the community who excel at a given task or project. It can be said that Helen lives in a city which scores high on:

performance orientation.

According to strategy professor Roger L. Martin, true strategy is about:

placing bets and making hard choices

Kenneth works in an organization that relies totally on its closely knit top management for major decisions and directions. The top management has a decisive say in all important matters and subordinates always defer to their decisions. Kenneth's organization is likely to have a high _____.

power distance

Steve is the Vice President of a leading fashion magazine. Every time a new batch of employees joins the company, Steve takes personal responsibility to make a presentation of the company's vision and values. He makes sure that the newcomers get acclimatized and acquaint themselves with the organization's culture. The motive behind this is to pass the same culture to all future employees and maintain and improve the spirit of the organization. In this scenario, Steve is conducting a(n) _____.

socialization program

Virtual Mentoring

Decreasing face-to-face contact in a mentoring relationship

Action Learning Programs

Leaders and potential leaders work together in groups to solve organizational problems outside their usual sphere of influence.

Consistency

People align with their commitments

_____ is the persuasion principle in which people repay in kind.

Reciprocity

Executive coaching

It helps to improve in an area that is preventing a person from achieving further progress as a leader

Imitation

Emulation of best practices of another company

Single-loop learning

A situation in which learners seek minimum feedback that might substantially confront their basic ideas or actions.

Growth through Acquisition

A standard strategy for growth is for one company to purchase others.

Leadership Diversity

The presence of a culturally heterogeneous group of leaders.

Double-loop learning

An in-depth style of learning that occurs when people use feedback to confront the validity of the goal or the values implicit in the situation.

Which of the following is a challenge faced by companies using the differentiation strategy in case of a successful product or service?

An increase in the level of competition

High Quality

Offer goods or services of higher quality than competition does.

Skill Training

Imparting abilities and techniques that can be converted into action

Avoidant Style

Indifferent to the concerns of either party. Stays out of conflict between two members, leaving them to resolve their own differences.

Which of the following is true of cross-cultural communication?

Individual differences in appearances have to be given attention

Global Leadership Skills

The ability to exercise effective leadership in a variety of countries.

Employee network (or affinity) groups

A group of employees throughout the company who affiliate on the basis of a group characteristic such as race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, or physical ability status.

Multicultural leader

A leader with the skills and attitudes to relate effectively to and motivate people across race, gender, age, social attitudes, and lifestyles.

Pet-peeve technique

A method of brainstorming in which a group identifies all the possible complaints others might have about the group's organizational unit.

Strategic Network

A network created by managers for identifying and capitalizing on new opportunities for the company.

Cross-cultural training

A set of learning experiences designed to help employees understand the customs, traditions, and beliefs of another culture.

An important strategy for enhancing creativity in organizations is to _____.

empower employees by allowing them to choose methods

Using business jargon in appropriate doses is useful in _____.

establishing a rapport with group members

Niche or focus

Concentrates on a specific regional market or buyer group

Cognitive CQ

The ability to pick up some factual clues about relevant behviour

Creativity

The production of novel and useful ideas.

Multicultural Worker

A worker who is convinced that all cultures are equally good and enjoys learning about other cultures.

Innovation

The process of creating new ideas and their implementation.

Authority

People defer to experts

Physical CQ

Actions and demeanor that prove to foreign hosts that a person has entered their world.

Self-discipline

The ability to mobilize one's efforts to stay focused on attaining an important goal.

in-group collectivism

As a cultural value, the degree to which individuals express, and should express, pride, loyalty, and cohesiveness in their organizations and families.

Uncertainty Avoidance

As a cultural value, the extent to which members of a society rely (and should rely) on social norms, rules, and procedures to lessen the unpredictability of future events.

Shadowing

An approach to mentoring in which the trainee follows the mentor around for a stated period of time.

Cultural Sensitivity

An awareness of and a willingness to investigate the reasons why people of another culture act as they do.

Experience of Flow

An experience so engrossing and enjoyable that the task becomes worth doing for its own sake, regardless of the external consequences.

Alex is the CEO of a multinational consumer electronics company. The company has been under his leadership, for over seven years, since its inception. During the same period, the company was able to achieve an increase in its profit levels by over 20 percent annually and a substantial increase in its productivity. Additionally, employee commitment and morale was also on the rise due to several employee engagement programs initiated by the company. Consistent innovation contributed to an increase in market share of its products from 10 to 60 percent in a period of four years. Which of the following best describes Alex's leadership skills?

Behavioral complexity

Which of the following examples shows an effective way of managing creative employees?

Blue Inc., a pharmaceutical company, has developed a laboratory with all the required facilities to test new and innovative drug formulations.

Competitive Advantage through hiring talented people

Build the organization with talented, well-motivated people at every level.

Which of the following is true of the power-oriented linguistic style?

Clear ideas at the outset of a session make an individual a strong persuader.

Boris is criticized by his manager for his low productivity levels in the past month. Boris acknowledges that he has been underperforming and states that he would look at ways for improving his productivity. The given scenario is an example of the _____ style of conflict management.

Collaborative

Knowledge dissemination

Consolidates information in one place so that it is more accessible to potential users

Colin is a marketing executive at an automobile company. If a marketing project assigned to him is in the international realm, Colin makes sure that he visits the particular country and observes the various cultural aspects of that society. Consequently, he tries to integrate his observations into the marketing strategy. Which of the following best describes Colin's behaviour?

Divergent learning style

Flora, a store supervisor, feels revamping the employee engagement activities in her store is worth doing for its own sake. She gets totally absorbed in this activity and concentrates hard. Which of the following traits of a creative person is illustrated in the given example?

Experience of flow

Conceptual Knowledge and awareness programs

Experiential activities such as role playing and cases. It alerts the leader to information that will make a difference in leadership

Sticking to core competencies

Firms of all sizes that believe they will prosper if they confine their efforts to the activities they perform best - their core competencies. Hedgehog concepts - becoming very good at one thing in a world of companies that spread themselves into many areas where they lack depth.

Sam, an employee at Calibree Inc., has recently taken up reading biographies and autobiographies of successful entrepreneurs in order to better develop his leadership capabilities. In this scenario, which of the following strategies is being used by Sam?

Formal education

Which of the following is likely to result in increased retention rates of a culturally diverse work force?

Giving diversity committees clout with top management

Scarlet Inc., a high-end fashion retail store, has been successful over the years due to its consistent focus on quality and customer satisfaction. Despite a number of retailers diversifying their portfolios to include all kinds of customers, Scarlet Inc. consistently focused on one particular segment, high-end consumers, by manufacturing high-end products. Based on the information, which of the following concepts introduced by strategist Jim Collins is most likely followed by the store in this scenario?

Hedgehog

Michael works with the armed forces. He is an extremely forceful team leader and believes that orders must be followed. However, unlike most leaders in the armed forces, Michael does not believe in performing operations as diligently as required. He emphasizes planning and improving by strategizing. According to the kinds of lopsided leaders, Michael displays characteristics of a(n) _____ leader.

Heroic

Jacob works as a human resource executive at an information technology firm. His personal observation about the work culture is that despite the high performance levels of a majority of the workers, the level of employee engagement is quite low, and employees tend to be too focused on their own interests. The top management of the company asks for Jacob's advice in order to gain a clear perspective on various aspects related to employees. Which of the following would you suggest if you were in Jacob's position?

Increase the level of humane orientation

Laura is designing brochures and flyers to promote the new product line of her company. She thinks of several possible designs and assimilates information in her mind. She is yet to decide on which idea to use. It seems as if Laura is not working on the problem, but her subconscious mind is engaged in processing information. Which stage of the creative process is shown in the given example?

Incubation

According to the study conducted by Belle Rose Ragins and John L. Cotton, which of the following is an advantage of informal mentoring as reported by protégés with informal mentors?

Informal mentors provide greater social support.

Skill-Based Program

Involves acquiring abilities and techniques that can be converted into action. Example: A manager that develops coaching skills, so they can be more effective face-to-face leaders.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the first-mover strategy?

It may provide only a temporary market advantage

Which of the following is a frequently mentioned concern about diversity training?

It tends to reinforce stereotypes about groups.

Saul, a scientist leading a group of researchers in a project, often drops by their work stations and has informal chats with them. Which of the following best describes Saul's actions?

Making the rounds

Which of the following examples shows the use of a power-oriented linguistic style?

Mark, the leader of the finance team in a company, clearly communicates to his subordinates that he needs the expenditure reports for the month in a day's time.

Which of the following is true of the leadership practices for enhancing creativity?

Matching people with the right assignments enhances creativity.

Which of the following is true of authority as a basic principle of persuasion?

People defer to experts.

Affinity Groups

Network groups composed of employees throughout the company who affiliate on the basis of a common characteristic such as race, ethnicity, sex, sexual orientation, or physical ability status.

Which one of the following is the least effective managerial practice for enhancing creativity?

Prescribing the methods for arriving at solutions to problems

Verde Corp., a manufacturer of consumer durables, has observed that over the past several years the sales of new products have not shown a reasonable upward trend despite the extensive market reports on consumer preferences submitted by top statistical analysts. The market analyses were carried out by comprehensive statistical software and applications that provide an in-depth analysis. If you were assigned the position of the marketing head at Verde Corp., what would you do to improve the sales trend?

Rely on intuition while making observations regarding consumer choices.

Semonco Inc. is in the process of searching for its new chief executive officer. It does not want to promote anyone from within the organization because the employees lack an outside perspective. However, hiring someone from the outside is also a disadvantage because he or she may not understand the organization's culture. In this situation, which of the following decisions would best suit the organization's needs?

The organization should promote an insider-outsider who has developed an outside perspective

Differentiation

Seeks to offer a product or service that the customer perceives as being different from available alternatives.

After reading a magazine, Reese, a manager, realizes that active listening is an important leadership behavior. She decides to read further about it and attends a workshop to increase her knowledge. However, in the workshop, Reese is told that the workshop can only facilitate or teach. If Reese were to incorporate these skills into her daily life, she must consciously make an effort to listen actively. In this scenario, Reese is faced with a situation that requires leadership development through _____.

Self-discipline

Miranda is part of the training and development department of an organization. Her role is to evaluate the effectiveness of the recent leadership development programs that the company conducted for its employees. Of the several ways to evaluate such programs, Miranda wants to use the most timely and accurate method. Which of the following methods should she use?

She should compare the financial results of participants versus nonparticipants

Which of the following is a good example of thinking outside the box?

Sidewalks can be made out of rubber rather than cement.

Helps leaders find more constructive ways of achieving goals

Skill-based programs

Strategic Leadership

The process of creating or sustaining an organization by providing the right direction and inspiration.

Knowledge creation

Solicits ideas, insights, and innovations from many sources, including rank and file workers, customers, and business partners

Stanley started his company several years ago. Currently, his company is one of the most sought after digital marketing firms. Stanley had been estimating when new people would be required to take up managerial positions and leadership roles since the time he realized that his business would grow. Currently, he is evaluating the extent of the pending leadership shortage at his organization. Which of the following is a reason for this evaluation?

Stanley is developing a pool of successors.

Hailey, the head of the research and development team at an international cosmetics company, has been entrusted with the task of introducing a new range within its existing product line. Hailey visualizes how this move of introducing new variants could possibly impact the sales of existing products. She also gathers information on whether brand loyal customers would welcome such a move. She goes a step further to gauge the potential impact on total profits of the company and its stock valuation. In the context of the high levels of cognitive activity needed for strategic leadership, Hailey is:

Systems thinker

Person-Organization fit

The compatibility of an individual with an organization.

Making the rounds

The leader casually dropping by constituents to listen to their accomplishments, concern, and problems and to share information.

Strategic Planning

Those activities that lead to the statement of goals and objectives and the choice of strategy.

In the context of creativity, the experience of flow refers to _____.

a total absorption in the work and intense concentration

George, the chief executive officer of Bright Automotive Inc., plans to address the production department about the company's plans for the next year. In order to make his speech persuasive, George should _____.

adapt the message to the listeners' interests and motivations

Kendall Inc., a food processing company, is located in a city which is home to a substantial number of people belonging to the minority communities. The top management, in its recent recruitment policy, has decided to concentrate on minority communities while recruiting. This initiative could:

aid the local economy in terms of the flow of money as well as employment.

Mario aspires to be the chief executive officer at his multinational firm within a few years. Mario is currently the head of marketing operations, and his education and experiences are limited to the marketing field. For an aspiring executive leader, it is mandatory to gain management experience in at least two different organizational functions. If Mario's goals are in line with his organizations goals, the organization should _____.

assign Mario to a cross-functional team

A leader who wants to establish idea quotas to enhance the creativity of his or her organizational unit might want to ask group members to _____.

bring fresh ideas to meetings

The specific characteristics of creative people, including creative leaders, are typically grouped into four areas: passion for the tasks and the experience of flow, knowledge, personality, and _____.

cognitive abilities

Elena works as a project manager at a construction company. The company has recently inaugurated its subsidiary in another country in a different continent. When a group of project managers at the company were asked if they were willing to relocate for a year to initiate business operations in the new facility, Elena immediately accepted the offer. This exemplifies Elena being:

culturally adventurous

When working toward enhancing creative thinking, people take on the role of an artist when they_____.

stretch their imagination

Mr. Chan started his own garment business as a young entrepreneur. The business has grown to great heights over several years. Mr. Chan is nearing retirement and he would like one of his two sons to take over and run the business. However, both his sons have other interests and are unwilling to take over their father's business. Mr. Chan thought that if the business cannot be handled by one of the family members, it would lose its identity. He, therefore, makes a decision to sell the business. Such a decision stems from _____.

the emotional aspects of leadership succession

Which of the following examples shows the use of inspirational communication?

Jordan places key ideas in the beginning when sending emails about annual targets to his subordinates.

SWOT Analysis

A method of considering internal strengths, weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats in a given situation.

Mentor

A more experienced person who develops a protégé's abilities through tutoring, coaching, guidance, and emotional support.

Peer Leadership Network

A system of social ties among leaders who are connected through shared interests and commitments.

Strategy

An integrated, overall concept of how the firm will achieve its objectives.

Learning organization

An organization that is skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge and at modifying behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights.

Cultural Intelligence (CQ)

An outsider's ability to interpret someone's unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures the way that person's compatriots would.

Gender Egalitarianism

As a cultura value, the degree to which a culture minimizes, and should minimize, gender inequality.

Power Distance

As a cultural value, the degree to which members of a society expect, and should expect power to be distributed unequally.

Humane Orientation

As a cultural value, the degree to which society encourages and rewards, and should encourage and reward, individuals for being fair, altruistic, and caring others.

Future Orientation

As a cultural value, the extend to which individuals engage (and should engage) in future-oriented behaviors such as delaying gratification, planning, and making investments for the future.

Caroline, an architect joins a new company that focuses on innovation and creativity in designing building structures based on client requirements. She was previously employed in a company that focused on traditional approaches toward building design. In order to succeed in the new organization, Caroline needs to enhance her creative thinking skills. What steps should Caroline take as an individual to improve her creative thinking skills? Select all that apply.

Caroline should exercise regularly

Anna is a talented and ambitious engineer. She is aggressive and places her personal goals over the collective goals of her team. She does not hesitate to reach her goals at the expense of others. Which of the following conflict management styles best described Anna's behaviour?

Competitive Style

The group members in your work unit are using the pet-peeve technique, a form of brainstorming. What is your group most likely doing?

Identifying complaints that others might have about your unit.

Check My Work In the context of the steps of the creative process, a group member concentrating on a problem and dreaming up alternatives to the problem would be in the _____ stage.

Immersion

Oliver manages a team dedicated to product development consisting of highly creative individuals. He provides them with sufficient space for generating new ideas but is firm when selecting a choice among alternatives. Which of the following terms best describes Oliver's approach?

Loose-tight leadership

Which of the following communication techniques is most likely to make a person appear powerful?

Speak loudly enough to be heard by a majority of the people.

Enzo is chosen by his company's senior management to negotiate a deal with a raw material supplier from a different country. Enzo prepares himself for the meeting with the supplier company's representative with all the necessary details. Since cultural differences can play a major role during the negotiation, what steps should Enzo take to ensure that cultural barriers are minimized? *Note: This is a multiple select question. Thus, the student will need to mark several answers as correct.

Speak to the person in an easy-to-understand manner. Look for signs of misunderstanding such as blank expressions.

Alfred, the director of a large company producing construction materials, is linked through a professional network to several market research analysts. Alfred's goal is to identify potential business opportunities, new markets, and trends based on which products can be developed from the inputs provided by the analysts. Which leadership network is Alfred using to achieve his goals?

Strategic network

Win-win approach to conflict resolution

The belief that after conflict has been resolved, both sides should gain something of value.

Which of the following is true of the creative process?

The insight stage arrives after hours of careful thought but when least expected.

Which leadership network is aimed at doing one's task more efficiently?

The operational network

A high-density social network consists of _____.

close friends or associates linked together

A(n) _____ refers to a frank exchange of ideas and information with an agenda specified or unspecified in the context of face-to-face communication.

conversation

Ricardo takes over as the manager of the new product development team of his company. The team consists of highly creative individuals. When interacting with these individuals, Ricardo should ensure that _____.

the importance of working with a sense of heightened awareness is emphasized

In order to foster innovation, organizations should emphasize _____.

transformational leadership