MGT Chapter 8

Which two of the following are some of the strongest ways to embed organizational culture?

1. status symbols 2. rewards

XYZ Hospital has a chief of medical services, a director of administrative services, and a director of outpatient services. XYZ has a ------ structure.

Functional

, Expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers Expresses the extent to which an organization focuses its attention and efforts inward on internal dynamics and employees versus outward toward its external environment and customers

Horizontal dimension of CVF

What is the BEST example of a mutual-benefit organization?

Labor union

Expresses the extent to which an organization prefers flexibility and discretion versus stability and control

Vertical dimension of CVF

VHM are the structures categorizes as organizational designs with ____ boundaries

Virtual Hollow Modular

Authority in organizations means _____ -- managers must report and justify work results to the managers above them and are responsible for performing assigned tasks.

accountability

A(n) _____ culture values flexibility and has an external focus.

adhocracy

A(n) _____ organization is a fluid, highly adaptive organization whose members are linked by information technology and collaborate on common tasks.

boundaryless

In the common elements of organizations, common purpose is realized through _______, which enables the work of individuals to combine in an organization-wide endeavor.

coordinated effort

A system of shared beliefs and values that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members is called organizational ______.

culture

An organization that wants to eliminate layers in favor of creating a culture where employees have more power should consider adopting a _____ organizational structure.

flattened

_____ embed preferred culture by describing organizational philosophy, mission, vision, and values.

formal statements

An organizational structure where people with similar occupational specialties are put together in formal groups is called a _____ structure.

functional

If an organization wishes to become more controlling and authoritative toward its employees, it should consider adopting a(n) _____ structure.

hierarchical

When an organization has a central core of key functions and outsources others to vendors who can do them cheaper and faster, the organization is said to have a _____ structure.

hollow

Coordinated effort, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is represented by the coordination of individual efforts coming together into an organization-wide effort.

Division of labor, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

is the arrangement of having discrete parts of a task done by different people in an organization.

An organization's _____ can pay attention to, measure, and control a number of activities, processes,or outcomes in order to foster a certain culture.

leaders

An organization where authority is centralized, tasks and rules are clearly specified, and employees are closely supervised is called _____.

mechanisitc

A ____ structure is a firm that assembles product chunks, or modules, provided by outside contractors.

modular

The United Way, a charitable organization, is considered a ------ organization.

nonprofit

Symbols in organizational culture represent

objects or actions that convey an organization's most important values to others.

A box-and-lines illustration showing the formal lines of authority and the organization's work specializations is called a(n) ______ chart.

organizational

In organizational culture, a hero is a(n)

person whose accomplishments embody the organization's values.

Some businesses have created open-area workspaces where employees sit at desks that are side-by-side and no walls are between them. This is to foster collaboration among the staff. What aspect of culture change does this represent?

physical design

The obligation you have to perform the tasks assigned to you in the organization is known as your _____.

responsibility

If an organization wishes to change its culture, managers can alter the types of _____ and status symbols they give out and to whom they give them.

rewards

An organization that has authority centralized in a single person, as well as a flat hierarchy, few rules, and low work specialization, is using a _____.

simple structure

The number of people reporting directly to a given manager refers to _____.

span of control

A _____ is a narrative about the company's history that is repeated by an organization's members in order to emphasize a particular value.

story

An organization comprised of many levels with narrow spans of managerial control is described as _____.

tall

In a __ structure teams are used to improve horizontal relations and solve problems throughout the organization.

team-based

Which of the following occurs in the horizontal organizational design?

teams are used to improve collaboration and work

Common purpose, one of the four common elements of organizations proposed by Schein,

unifies members and helps everyone understand the organization's reason for being

Flat organizations generally have few levels with _______ spans of control, with one manager overseeing many employees.

wide

According to the competing values framework (CVF), organizational _____ varies along two dimensions.

effectiveness

Philosophies, beliefs, and norms that are explicitly stated by the organization reflect its _____ values.

espoused

Espoused values in an organization's culture represent the

explicitly stated values and norms the organization prefers

What is the most accurate description of person-organization fit?

A match between an individual's personality and values and those of the organization

Which description best fits the adhocracy organizational culture?

Adaptable, creative, and quick to respond to marketplace changes

4 common elements where created by

Edgar Schein

A ___ structure has dual reporting relationships in which some managers report to two superiors.

Matrix

In the Mary Kay Cosmetics Co., the best salespeople receive pink Cadillacs in special awards ceremonies. This is an example of

both a symbol and a rite

Rites and rituals, which are activities and _____ used to celebrate important organizational events or achievements, can be leveraged in the process of culture change.

ceremonies

Research shows that employees have more positive work attitudes in organizations with a(n) _____ culture.

clan

CVF

competing values framework

The ________ approach to management emphasizes that a manager's approach should vary according to the individual and environmental situation.

contingency

The more subunits into which an organization breaks down, the more highly _____ it is.

differentiated

_____ is the tendency of the parts of an organization to disperse and fragment.

differentiation

Which of these would be considered observable artifacts in an organization? (3)

1. Awards 2. Rituals 3. Decorations

Organizational culture: (5)

1. Is the social glue that binds members of the organization together 2. represents beliefs and values shared among workers 3. significantly affects work outcomes at all levels of the organization 4. is passed on to new employees through socialization and mentoring 5. helps employees understand why the organization does what it does

Which of the following three things should managers taking a contingency approach to organizational design consider while determining the optimal structure for an organization?

1. Link between strategy, structure, and culture 2. Mechanistic vs. organic environment 3. Differentiation vs. integration environment

Which of the following statements regarding the horizontal design are true? (3)

1. Workgroups are used to improve collaboration 2. this design is also called a team-based design 3. internal boundaries are broken down

According to Barnard's definition, which of the following examples represent organizations? (2)

1. a crew of two people coordinating their activities on a commercial tuna fishing boat 2. the BumbleBee or StarKist tuna companies with their thousands of employees

What are two suggestions for improving your adaptability in the workplace?

1. be proactive in learning situations 2. be more resourceful

Organizational design is concerned with which two activities?

1. creating structures of accountability and responsibility 2. creating a structural design that will help an organization execute its strategies

A clan culture has what three characteristics?

1. encourages collaboration among employees 2. a family-type organization 3. strives to encourage cohesion through consensus and job satisfaction

Which of the following are outcomes associated with various types of organizational culture? (5)

1. higher market share in clan and market cultures 2. higher customer satisfaction in clan and market cultures 3. more positive organizational outcomes in market cultures 4. more positive work attitudes in clan cultures 5. better financial performance in market and hierarchy cultures

Identify the three types of structures categorized as organizational designs with open boundaries.

1. hollow 2. virtual 3. modular

Which of the following can leaders pay attention to, measure, and control in order to change the organization's culture?

1. outcomes 2. activities 3. processes

Functional organizational structures: (2)

1. put employees with similar occupational specialties together in formal groups 2. are common in both for profit and nonprofit organizations

The three types of organizational design are:

1. traditional 2. horizontal 3. open boundaries

Which of the following represent learning-related tools that can be leveraged to change an organization's culture? (3)

1. training 2. coaching 3. role modeling

What are the two types of information that organization charts reveal about organizational structure?

1. who specializes in what work 2. who reports to whom

Adhocracy culture values __ and has a ___ focus

flexibility and has an external focus