MGT Final Exam Studying Material (3/3)

A(n) ________ culture encourages collaboration, trust, and mutual support among employees. A. clan B. market C. hierarchy D. adhocracy E. hybrid

A. clan

Disney has invested over $1 billion in big data technology to identify the best way to provide customer service. This is a characteristic of ________ culture. A. market B. clan C. hierarchy D. adhocracy E. flexible

A. market

________ is the idea that organizations tend to be more effective when they are structured to fit the demands of the situation. A. Virtualness B. Contingency approach C. The closed systems theory D. A mechanistic approach E. A cultural fit process

B. Contingency approach

________ values are the explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization. A. Enacted B. Espoused C. Competing D. Corporate E. Strategic

B. Espoused

________ is the set of shared, taken-for-granted implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environments. A. Organizational climate B. Organizational culture C. Organizational strategy D. Strategic vision E. Strategic values

B. Organizational culture

Which of the following statements is true? A. Organizational culture is related to profits. B. Employees prefer to work in organizations that value stability and control. C. Clan and market cultures are more likely to deliver higher customer satisfaction and market share. D. Hierarchical characteristics are preferred when trying to improve operational outcomes. E. Managers should make their cultures more autocratic-oriented.

C. Clan and market cultures are more likely to deliver higher customer satisfaction and market share.

________ rely on leveraging technology and structural flexibility to maximize potential value through outsourcing and external collaboration. A. Traditional structures B. Horizontal designs C. Open designs D. Matrix organizations E. Divisional organizations

C. Open designs

Al starts work at a law firm. For the first three weeks that he's there he is in constant contact with other new hires, all of whom wear lanyards distinguishing them from more tenured employees. Al and the other newcomers are put through a training session that introduces them to the values and policies of the firm, and clarifies the specific tasks that they would be performing. Al's socialization is ________ in nature. A. informal B. random C. collective D. divestiture E. serial

C. collective

In the ________ phase of organizational socialization, employees' values, skills, and attitudes start to shift as the new recruit discovers what the organization is truly like. A. mentoring B. anticipatory C. encounter D. change and acquisition E. networking

C. encounter

Pereot Fragrances states that they are a "moving, flexible, innovative, customer-oriented global company that delivers real value to our shareholders by our unrelenting focus on performance and the unswerving dedication of our world-class, dedicated employees." In a time of growth and record profits, the company decides to increase wages and profit-sharing. What level of organizational culture does this represent? A. observable artifacts B. enacted values C. espoused values D. sustainability E. basic underlying assumptions

C. espoused values

One of the pros of ________ organizations is a lower cost of entry and overhead. A. matrix B. functional C. hollow D. learning E. divisional

C. hollow

Straight Line Co. faces heavy price competition and is under pressure to cut costs. Management has decided to farm out some processes to outside companies, but they are concerned that this choice might result in loss of in-house capacity to innovate. Straight Line is using a ________ structure. A. matrix B. Functional C. hollow D. learning E. divisional

C. hollow

American university students typically spend one year apiece as freshman, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. This is an example of which type of socialization tactics? A. collective B. individual C. variable D. fixed E. formal

D. fixed

A(n) ________ organization is composed of "a group of people working together to collectively enhance their capacities to create results that they truly care about." A. information B. complex C. network D. learning E. closed

D. learning

What tool can help employees understand how their work contributes to their employer's overall success? A. business plan B. corporate plan C. solution map D. strategy map E. external process diagram

D. strategy map

Which one of the organizations listed below demonstrates a clan culture listed in this chapter? A. Acuity B. Menlo Innovations C. Grupo Bimbo D. Publix E. McDonald's

A. Acuity

Martha wants her house fully cleaned on Monday. She takes the dusting, Marvin vacuums, Kit does the bathrooms, and Tina cleans the kitchen. ________ occurs when the common goal is pursued by individuals performing separate but related tasks. A. Division of labor B. Hierarchy of authority C. Unity of command D. Span of control E. Traditional structure

A. Division of labor

________ is the creation of something new that makes money and finds a pathway to the consumer. A. Innovation B. Invention C. Creativity D. Integration E. Inspiration

A. Innovation

________ rely on a vertical hierarchy and attempt to define clear departmental boundaries and reporting relationships. A. Traditional structures B. Horizontal designs C. Open designs D. Boundaryless organizations E. Learning organizations

A. Traditional structures

The ________ translates an organization's vision and strategy into a comprehensive set of performance measures that provides the framework for a strategic measurement and management system. A. balanced scorecard B. internal processes C. resource acquisition D. strategy map E. organization chart

A. balanced scorecard

Market uncertainty and technology reflect __________ that affect(s) organizational design. A. contingency factors B. internal alignment C. horizontal processes D. types of innovation

A. contingency factors

Queen Electric is structured around five primary business divisions: Queen Power, Queen Oil & Gas, Queen Energy Connections, Queen Transportation, and Queen Digital. These business areas are subdivided further into either product or geographic divisions. What kind of structure has Queen Electric adopted? A. divisional B. hollow C. matrix D. functional E. horizontal

A. divisional

While the rest of the academia is suffering from labor shortages, WhatsUp University averages five applicants for every position opening. With this ratio of applicants to openings, the university can pick and choose from among the top candidates. The organization is known to excel at meeting expectations. WhatsUp University is successful, most likely, because of what balanced scorecard perspective? A. internal processes B. customer C. external processes D. goal accomplishment E. financial

A. internal processes

The human body is an example of a(n) ________ because it requires life-sustaining oxygen, nutrients, and water from the environment. A. open system B. closed system C. learning system D. hierarchy E. flat organization

A. open system

P-O fit matters so that your personality and values match the climate and culture in an organization. If you're planning on starting your own company because you prefer autonomy, flexibility, and empowerment, then you would fit into a company with which type of structure? A. organic B. centralized C. mechanistic D. hierarchical E. divisional

A. organic

The functions of organizational culture are A. organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability, and sense-making. B. clan, market, adhocracy, and hierarchy. C. stability, flexibility, internal, and external. D. anticipatory, encounter, and acquisition. E. inboarding and outboarding.

A. organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability, and sense-making.

Sunny Crackers introduces Wheat Flats, a cracker with more fiber, fewer calories, and great flavor. Wheat Flats is a great success. This is an example of ________ innovation. A. product B. process C. resource D. culture E. capital

A. product

Mantle Inc. is noted for its philosophy of having fun, holding parties, and celebrating. For example, staff in each city in which the firm operates are given a budget for parties. The company also uses a variety of performance-based awards and service awards to reinforce employees' efforts. Its positive and enriching environment is supported by the very low employee turnover. What function of organizational culture does this represent? A. social system stability B. organizational socialization C. sense-making D. competing values E. mentoring

A. social system stability

According to Kaplan and Norton, a(n) ________ is a "visual representation of a company's critical objectives and the crucial relationships among them that drive organizational performance." A. strategy map B. external process C. corporate plan D. resource acquisition E. goal accomplishment

A. strategy map

Which of the following is not a driver or cause of organizational culture? A. work attitudes and behaviors B. leaders' behaviors C. organizational vision D. industry environment E. national culture

A. work attitudes and behaviors

Which of the following statements about span of control is true? A. Larger organizations tend to have wider spans of control. B. Costs tend to be higher in organizations with narrow spans. C. Complex tasks tend to require a narrower span of control. D. Narrow spans of control are mostly found in clan cultures. E. Senior-level executives tend to have wider spans of control.

B. Costs tend to be higher in organizations with narrow spans.

Which of the following statements about mechanistic organizations is true? A. Mechanistic organizations generally have open structures. B. Mechanistic organizations generally are expected to produce reliability and consistency in internal processes. C. Mechanistic organizations result in lower efficiency, quality, and timeliness. D. Mechanistic organizations are more responsive to customer feedback. E. Mechanistic organizations are inappropriate in industries where mistakes and errors can be catastrophic.

B. Mechanistic organizations generally are expected to produce reliability and consistency in internal processes.

________ is the process by which individuals acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behaviors required to assume a work role. A. Anticipatory socialization B. Organizational socialization C. Mentoring D. A realistic job preview E. Coaching

B. Organizational socialization

In which stage of the organizational socialization process would a realistic job preview normally be provided? A. mentoring B. anticipatory socialization C. encounter D. change and acquisition E. networking

B. anticipatory socialization

Northwest Bank wants to maintain a positive presence and a vision for the future—to stay around for the long term and to do good for communities. First, the bank works with employees, the people who deliver the promise day in and day out. Then, employees expand the process to include customers. Customers applying for a loan should write a statement about how they plan to stay around for the long term and do good for their communities. This is an example of A. organizational identity. B. collective commitment. C. competing values. D. social system stability. E. organizational socialization.

B. collective commitment.

Maria, a local high school student, has an interest in marine life. She applies for a mentee position and is matched up with a mentor who treats her interest in marine life as important. The scientist also helps Maria understand the relationship between statistics, an area where she is struggling in school, and her interest in marine life. Jenny begins to understand the statistics used by the scientist while conducting marine research. Which stage of the mentoring process is Maria experiencing? A. initiation B. cultivation C. development D. separation E. redefinition

B. cultivation

Management at the Relaxing Pines resort chain places great emphasis on customer satisfaction and loyalty. They emphasize quiet, luxurious rooms and personalized service. In fact, bonuses are based primarily on customer evaluations. What perspective does this reflect? A. financial B. customer C. internal processes D. goal accomplishment E. organizational culture

B. customer

Market cultures A. empower employees to take risks. B. drive toward productivity, profit, and customer satisfaction. C. have been shown to be generally ineffective. D. devote considerable resources to hiring and developing employees. E. assess effectiveness with measures of efficiency, timeliness, quality, safety, and reliability.

B. drive toward productivity, profit, and customer satisfaction.

Organizations with adhocracy cultures are described as A. internally focused and valuing flexibility. B. externally focused and valuing flexibility. C. internally focused and valuing stability and control. D. externally focused and valuing stability and control. E. both internally and externally focused and valuing flexibility.

B. externally focused and valuing flexibility.

One of the problems that Featherstock Products faces is the coordination and communication across silos. Featherstock uses a ________ organization. A. matrix B. functional C. hollow D. learning E. modular

B. functional

Many new companies and small businesses opt for a(n) ________ because they have a limited amount of employees. A. traditional structure B. horizontal structure C. open design D. boundaryless organization E. learning organization

B. horizontal structure

In the ________ culture, employees are encouraged to set difficult goals and strive to achieve them. Employee performance is closely monitored and often directly rewarded or punished. A. clan B. market C. hierarchy D. adhocracy E. hybrid

B. market

Wayneslock, when producing the Steamer Cabin Craft luxury yacht, assigned subcontractors to complete specific subassemblies and deliver them to Wayneslock Corporate for final assembly. This approach resulted in a leaner and simpler assembly line and lower inventory. Wayneslock is an example of a ________ structure. A. hollow B. modular C. matrix D. horizontal E. virtual

B. modular

Which of the following is an open organizational design? A. matrix B. modular C. horizontal D. Functional E. divisional

B. modular

When a business doesn't have control of all the environmental forces, it is called ________ design. For example, Acme Medical relies on predictions and contingencies to cope with unexpected input. Last year, an influenza epidemic affected suppliers, personnel, and even customers, causing lost production and lost profit. A. traditional B. open C. horizontal D. functional E. divisional

B. open

Which of the following cannot be viewed in an organizational chart? A. hierarchy of authority B. organizational culture C. division of labor D. span of control E. line and staff positions

B. organizational culture

AI Machining takes 3-D prints from its clients and has the specialty parts manufactured to very precise specifications. This in turn helps the client with a faster turnaround for their customers' projects. This is an example of ________ innovation. A. product B. process C. resource D. culture E. capital

B. process

Which of the following is not one of the common denominators of organizations? A. coordination of effort B. profit motive C. hierarchy of authority D. division of labor E. aligned goals

B. profit motive

A horizontal approach to organizational design tends to focus on A. specific customers. B. work processes. C. functional expertise. D. efficiency over effectiveness. E. use of information technology.

B. work processes.

Which of the following statements about culture change is false? A. Leaders are the architects/developers of organizational culture. B. Managers should use a structured approach to changing cultures. C. Culture change should only be attempted when organizational survival is threatened. D. Managers should consider how the current culture aligns with vision and strategy. E. To change culture, start by targeting artifacts, espoused values, and basic assumptions.

C. Culture change should only be attempted when organizational survival is threatened.

________ is only weakly related to the adhocracy organizational culture. A. Positive work attitudes B. Operational efficiency C. Financial performance D. Positive employee behavior E. Product quality

C. Financial performance

Which of the following statements about organizational culture is true? A. A specific organization can have characteristics of only one type of culture. B. While the CVF is an interesting approach, it has no research support. C. Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture. D. The CVF model categorizes organizations into six types of culture. E. An organization with a focus on its external environment pays most attention to its employees.

C. Organizations tend to have one dominant type of culture.

Jamie is in the process of writing her doctoral thesis. She gets frequent guidance and advice from her thesis advisor whom she considers a close friend as well as a mentor. Jamie frequently seeks the help and advice of another professor at the same time, who also closely oversees her work. In what stage of the mentoring process is Jamie working? A. counseling B. reception C. cultivation D. separation E. redefinition

C. cultivation

In which stage of the organizational socialization process would an onboarding program be provided? A. mentoring B. anticipatory C. encounter D. change and acquisition E. networking

C. encounter

As the faculty in the health and human services college were determining if it should offer a new degree in medicinal plant chemistry, each member of the faculty was tasked with learning what other institutions were doing across the nation. Then at the next all-college meeting, each member was to share at least one innovative idea. The faculty was practicing ________, a form of information sharing and accumulation across different parts of an organization. A. information acquisition B. Information interpretation C. knowledge integration D. organizational memory E. information distribution

C. knowledge integration

In XYZ Aerospace, project engineers report both to a project manager for the particular work they are performing as well as the manager of engineering. This is a ________ organization. A. divisional B. hollow C. matrix D. functional E. horizontal

C. matrix

One of the cons of ________ organizations is the potential for conflict when employees report to two bosses if those managers fail to coordinate. A. hollow B. modular C. matrix D. horizontal E. virtual

C. matrix

When organizations need stronger horizontal alignment or cooperation in order to meet their goals, a ________ structure is appropriate. A. divisional B. hollow C. matrix D. functional E. horizontal

C. matrix

Troy starts a job right out of college. He feels lucky to have found a position in the financial industry. Troy knows that he needs help to form and maintain the lasting developmental relationships that will further his career. Troy should first establish a(n) A. counseling plan. B. career plan. C. mentoring plan. D. opportunity proposal. E. entrepreneurial network.

C. mentoring plan.

Whole Foods Market's approach to the growing and selling of organic food is a good example of a(an) A. organic structure. B. learning organization. C. open system. D. divisional structure. E. modular structure.

C. open system.

Peter is a resident surgeon at his local hospital. Before he could start his residency, he had to complete four years of medical school, and then two years of internship. Identify the socialization process that Peter had to undergo. A. random socialization B. collective socialization C. sequential socialization D. informal socialization E. fixed socialization

C. sequential socialization

Using ________, Sensotix emphasizes using the chain of command to make sure the right people do the right things at the right time. A. coordination of effort B. the span of control C. the hierarchy of authority D. a division of labor E. aligned goals

C. the hierarchy of authority

________ are levers for changing organizational culture, addressing all three levels of culture. A. Design of physical space, work environments, and buildings B. Workflow and organizational structure C. Organizational activities, processes, or outcomes D. Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching E. Formal statements

D. Deliberate role modeling, training, and coaching

Which of the following statements about organizational socialization is false? A. Socialization begins before an employee actually joins an organization. B. The entire socialization process may range from a few weeks to a year to complete. C. Socialization can take longer for one person than another, depending on individual differences. D. Research shows that realistic job previews do not help reduce turnover. E. There is no set way to "onboard" new employees.

D. Research shows that realistic job previews do not help reduce turnover.

Zach has been with Servco for a few years now and has a clear understanding about his role as an IT technician. The new work orders come in on Monday morning and he typically communicates back to the client by Thursday regarding his progress on the project. He knows the company policies well and has had a great mentor during his short tenure with the company. This is the ________ stage of organizational socialization. A. mentoring B. anticipatory C. encounter D. change and acquisition E. networking

D. change and acquisition

Which of the following is not an organizational subsystem of an organization? A. managerial B. technical C. structural D. environmental E. psychosocial

D. environmental

Organizations with market cultures are described as A. internally focused and valuing flexibility. B. externally focused and valuing flexibility. C. internally focused and valuing stability and control. D. externally focused and valuing stability and control. E. both internally and externally focused and valuing flexibility.

D. externally focused and valuing stability and control.

Which of the following is not a benefit of horizontal structures? A. faster and more efficient new product development B. encourage knowledge sharing C. greater creativity D. greater opportunities for functional specialization E. rapid communication and reduction of cycle time

D. greater opportunities for functional specialization

General Widgets, Inc., manufactures high-quality widgets. The widget industry is mature and few innovations occur. The widgets have to be built exactly according to particular specifications provided by customers. This requires the use of controlled processes and precise measurements. The company also needs to maintain high efficiency in its production process in order to meet the market demand. For this company, stability is more important than flexibility. Which of the organizational cultures is best suited for General Widgets? A. adhocracy culture B. clan culture C. modern culture D. hierarchy culture E. market culture

D. hierarchy culture

Mottollo Pasta uses their website to explain that five traits make their culture distinctive—creativity, sustainability, family, community, and diversity. What level of organizational culture does this represent? A. espoused values B. basic underlying assumptions C. enacted values D. observable artifacts E. sustainability

D. observable artifacts

Acme Movers is a company that ships goods and cargo to all locations in the United States. The employees understand that the company's primary vision of timeliness, efficiency and low-cost services is important to maintain the competitive edge over other movers in the business. They constantly work to ensure that all deliveries reach their destinations on schedule, and the company, in turn, rewards the employees with performance-based awards and profit-sharing. Which function of organizational culture is exemplified here? A. giving members an organizational identity B. facilitating collective commitment C. promoting social system stability D. shaping behavior by helping members make sense of their surrounding. E. increasing the likelihood of shared feelings and emotions

D. shaping behavior by helping members make sense of their surrounding.

Happy Helpers provides caregiver services to their local community. The company's financial growth is dependent on getting more revenue from existing customers. To do this, management decides to A. merge with a caregiver group across the country. B. sell the business to a nationwide nursing service. C. invest in a pharmaceutical company. D. supply personal care services (such as hair styling, shopping, etc...) to its clients. E. handle Happy Helpers' computer services internally, rather than farming it out to a tech company.

D. supply personal care services (such as hair styling, shopping, etc...) to its clients.

Government, church, and military organizations are based on a (n) ________ structure. They have many layers of managers and red tape. A. horizontal B. open C. boundaryless D. traditional E. virtual

D. traditional

________ is achieved through formulation and enforcement of policies, rules, and regulations. A. Hierarchy of authority B. The strategic plan C. Aligned goals D. Division of labor E. Coordination of effort

E. Coordination of effort

The Peter's Group originated four years ago, and since then, the company has grown each year. Management has focused on making sure that the organization's strategic goals cascade down through the organization so that the employees can work together in pursuit of common ends. Peter's Group is using ________ in their organization. A. coordination of effort B. the chain of command C. the hierarchy of authority D. division of labor E. aligned goals

E. aligned goals

The ________ phase spans two to five years and entails the junior person receiving a host of career and psychosocial guidance. A. redefinition B. initiation C. traditional D. separation E. cultivation

E. cultivation

Amy has recently joined a new research institute. She had initially thought that her job would entail a lot of field work, which would allow her to gain some practical experience, but her manager just gives her a lot of paperwork instead. She is also learning to adjust to the strict dress code that the company enforces on all of its employees. Amy is in the ________ stage of the socialization process. A. change and acquisition B. anticipatory socialization C. adaptive D. modification E. encounter

E. encounter

Gannet Publishers has traditional layers of management and emphasis is placed on following the chain of command. Power, status, and position help the leaders within a hierarchy culture manage their employees. Gannett appears to have a(n) ________ culture. A. empowered B. clan C. adhocractic D. market E. hierarchical

E. hierarchical

Deliver-IT dispatches over 5,400 trucks from 165 service centers on a daily basis. The company picks up deliveries, consolidates them, and then delivers them to customers. This company: - delivers 81 percent of packages on time. - has an impressive driver safety record. - uses driver mentors and trainers. - links pay to safety measure. This reflects the ________ perspective. A. resource acquisition B. goal accomplishment C. organizational culture D. strategic constituencies satisfaction E. internal processes

E. internal processes

Which of the following is not a dimension along which socialization tactics can vary? A. individual versus collective B. fixed versus variable C. investiture versus divestiture D. serial versus disjunctive E. managerial versus peer

E. managerial versus peer

Aligned goals start with the A. hierarchy of authority. B. organizational structure. C. organizational culture. D. organizational climate. E. strategic plan.

E. strategic plan.

A recent study showed that a lack of sleep increases your human capital but lowers performance.

False

Acbar Inc. groups people according to similarity of products, services, customers, clients, or geographic regions. Acbar is called a functional structure.

False

Division of labor is achieved through the implementation of cross-functional and self-managed teams.

False

Matrix structures are preferred by many organizations because of their ease of application.

False

Open boundary structures depend on managers' ability to get results from people through the use of direct authority.

False

Organizations with an open approach focus are team-oriented and process-oriented.

False

Programs that help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs by making them familiar with corporate policies, procedures, culture, and politics are called realistic job previews.

False

The culture value framework provides a practical way for managers to understand, measure, and change organizational culture.

False

The nonprofit organizations Red Cross and United Way have goals of feeding the homeless and others in need. This is their desire to be innovative.

False

Toms Shoes founder, Blake Mycoskie and his team have implemented practices to make their employees' lives more fulfilling and balanced. Employee friendly practices include flexible work schedules, generous paid paternity leave, and no-meeting Mondays. These are examples of an organization with an adhocracy culture.

False

AQR Co. has a horizontal structure. They attempt to dissolve departmental boundaries and reporting relationships as much as possible.

True

Decentralized organizations are more adaptable than centralized.

True

In the Dr Pepper Snapple Group Strategy Map, the company's internal process goals affect eight other goals.

True

Narrow spans of control tend to create "taller" or more hierarchical organizations.

True

One of the agility techniques that organizations can use to foster innovation is to be responsive to change rather than following a detailed plan.

True

Person-environment fit (P-E) is defined as the compatibility between an individual and a work environment that occurs when their characteristics are well matched.

True

Team-based rewards reinforce a clan culture.

True

The idea of organization design is that organizations are more effective or successful when their structure supports the execution of corporate strategies.

True

The identity of WelcomeMat employees is focused on the belief that employee satisfaction and customer loyalty are more important than corporate profits. In this case, the organizational culture provides employees with an organizational identity.

True