MGT TEST 2

The ___________ bias promotes the use of stereotypes. A. framing B. availability C. representative D. escallation of commitment E. hindsight

representative

Workers who face discrimination in their jobs in the United States can file a complaint with the A. National Labor Relations Board. B. Department of Labor. C. Occupational Safety and Health Administration. D. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

The U.S. federal minimum wage was first established by the A. Age Discrimination in Employment Act. B. Occupational Safety and Health Act. C. Fair Minimum Wage Act. D. Fair Labor Standards Act.

Fair Labor Standards Act.

Which of the following statements about sexual harassment is true? A. A hostile work environment is characterized by a tangible economic harm. B. A person who feels he or she must acquiesce to a sexual proposition to keep his or her job is facing quid pro quo harassment. C. The organization cannot be sued for sexual harassment as long as its managers did not know about the situation. D. Uninvited hugging or patting someone is not considered sexual harassment.

A person who feels he or she must acquiesce to a sexual proposition to keep his or her job is facing quid pro quo harassment.

Kielyn has a degenerative eye disease that is causing her to gradually lose her eyesight. When Kielyn asked her employer, Ideal Accessories, to purchase a low-vision computer for her use at work, she was fired. Ideal Accessories has violated the A. Family and Medical Leave Act. B. Americans with Disabilities Act. C. Occupational Safety and Health Act. D. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Americans with Disabilities Act.

A national package delivery company relies heavily on a hierarchy culture to manage its vast and complex shipping processes. ________ are part of a hierarchy culture. A. An internal focus and valuing stability and control B. A strong external focus and valuing stability and control C. An external focus and valuing flexibility D. An internal focus and valuing innovation and creativity

An internal focus and valuing stability and control

When confronted with a decision, managers should utilize ________, which includes these four questions: "Is the proposed action legal? If yes, does the proposed action maximize shareholder value? If yes, is the proposed action ethical? If no, would it be ethical to take the proposed action?" A. Maslow's hierarchy of needs B. the stakeholder's value statement C. Bagley's ethical decision tree D. the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

Bagley's ethical decision tree

Recently, Splendor Stay, a large hotel chain, acquired Opulent Inn, a hotel chain with 27 locations. Senior-level managers have set the strategy for rebranding the Opulent Inn locations and marketing Splendor Stay's expanded footprint. Which managers will be responsible for making tactical decisions to support this rebranding? A. Senior-level B. Functional C. Acquisition D. Executives

Functional

You were recently hired as the CEO of a major corporation. You understand that the previous CEO and much of his senior leadership were fired. After doing some research, however, you see that the previous CEO focused on how the company's strategy will happen and developed a robust operating plan. Based on what you know about the three core processes of business, what could have been a reason he was ousted? A. He didn't develop a strategic plan. B. He didn't outline the major activities, such as marketing, production, etc., that the company needed to be engaged in. C. He didn't properly evaluate the company's technological capabilities and resources. D. He didn't link the right people to the strategy.

He didn't link the right people to the strategy.

_______ bias occurs when someone uses information from the outcome of a decision, often a negative outcome, and retrospectively realizes what they should have done. A. Representative B. Hindsight C. Framing D. Availability E. Escalation of commitment

Hindsight

________ capital is the economic or productive potential of employee knowledge and actions. A. Human B. Labor C. Social D. Relational

Human

Akio is evaluating the alternatives that might solve his company's problem. One alternative would be an excellent outcome, but Akio is considering if he has enough time and resources to achieve it. Akio is asking himself: A. Is it efficient? B. Is it ethical? C. Is it feasible? D. Is it profitable?

Is it feasible?

As explained by Welch, what should managers do to determine what their own organizations have been up to? A. Consider acquiring a competitor. B. Conduct SWOT analysis on each competitor. C. Understand what new products competitors are marketing. D. Look for potential changes in competitive advantage.

Look for potential changes in competitive advantage.

The ________ enforce(s) procedures allowing employees to vote to have a union and for collective bargaining. A. Fair Labor Standards Act B. National Labor Relations Board C. Occupational Safety and Health Administration D. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

National Labor Relations Board

Which of the following best describes HR practices that might be carried out by Oliver, the owner of Mo'Stuff Mini Storage? A. Oliver contracts a new vendor to clean the items out of unpaid units. B. Oliver promotes a long-time employee to assistant manager and trains her on the budgeting software. C. Oliver estimates the costs of a new security fence and access-control system. D. Oliver updates the user agreement that is signed by Mo'Stuff customers.

Oliver promotes a long-time employee to assistant manager and trains her on the budgeting software.

________ are difficulties that inhibit the achievement of goals. For example, the lack of parking may be the main reason why a new restaurant is failing. A. Objectives B. Synergies C. Values D. Problems

Problems

Breyona keeps a close eye on her company's internal and external environments to identify better ways of doing business and to discover possible opportunities for new products. In which activity is Breyona engaged? A. VRIO framework B. SWOT analysis C. strategic control D. management by observation

SWOT analysis

Samuel has been working for Lyft for three months. He expected that his job would be to respond to requests on the app for a ride, pick up fares and drop them off at their desired locations, but he is realizing that the job entails much more. Which of these is most characteristic of the encounter phase of organizational socialization? A. Samuel learns that he must keep his car clean and neat, and some days he will be assigned to complete only airport pick-ups and drop-offs. B. Samuel will work with his district supervisor to set goals and receive performance feedback. C. Samuel realizes that he can make extra money by working for Lyft on the weekends. D. Samuel is heavily influenced by his uncle who was a professional driver.

Samuel learns that he must keep his car clean and neat, and some days he will be assigned to complete only airport pick-ups and drop-offs.

Despite your best intentions, it's hard to bring the best evidence to bear on your decisions. Why? A. It is too expensive and it's not ethical and there's not enough good evidence. B. It will hurt diversity and synergy within your organization. C. There's no competition or there's too much competition. D. There's too much evidence and there's not enough good evidence.

There's too much evidence and there's not enough good evidence.

As the number of Uber drivers grows at a rapid rate, the company benefits from the fact that one of the few hiring tests it needs to ensure drivers pass is already done for them—the driving test needed to receive a driver's license. In the framework of employment tests, which type of test(s) does a driving test qualify as? A. ability test B. integrity test C. ability and performance tests D. performance test E. personality test

ability and performance tests

Actively finding, hiring, and developing the talents of people from traditionally underrepresented groups is the goal of A. affirmative action. B. quid pro quo. C. the Taft-Hartley Act. D. the Civil Rights Act.

affirmative action.

A company's rites and rituals might include A. onboarding new employees. B. sharing the company's history in a video. C. honoring the company's namesake. D. an annual employee-family picnic.

an annual employee-family picnic.

When applying for jobs, job seekers often focus on a desired salary while ignoring other aspects of the job offer such as benefits, fit with the job, and working environment. In many cases, the salary may be good, but there are other, negative features of the job not being considered. This is an example of A. hindsight bias B. framing bias C. representativeness bias D. overconfidence bias E. anchoring bias

anchoring bias.

When a dispute between a mining company and the United Steelworkers Union could not be resolved, the issue was sent to ________, which resulted in a binding agreement. A. the grievance committee B. mediation C. arbitration D. ratification

arbitration

As his business grows, Kirvo knows his most important business needs are automated business process, data analysis, and customer engagement. What would you recommend to Kirvo to help him? A. electronic brainstorming B. escalation of commitment C. big data D. artificial intelligence

artificial intelligence

After applying for a job at World Mart, Malena made a list of her personal values, strengths, and weaknesses. Then she compared her list with the values, strengths, and weakness of World Mart in an effort to A. select an organizational structure. B. understand World Mart's culture. C. assess her P-O fit. D. be innovative during her interview.

assess her P-O fit.

Zene is a chef and owner of a popular restaurant. Zene frequently visits competing restaurants to observe how they are doing things. He told one of his managers, "I eat dinner at a lot of restaurants because I want to know what is going on. I am always concerned that one of our competitors will surprise us with a new service or menu item, like ours but better." In which activity is Zene engaging? A. assessing current reality B. environmental planning C. TQM D. management by observation

assessing current reality

Seiko wants to broaden her functional business knowledge. Which of the following activities should she engage in? A. attending a business conference B. reading a magazine article C. writing a reflection journal D. wearing a blue hat

attending a business conference

Lottery organizers heavily promote the jackpot winners so that people are continually hearing about those who've won big. By contrast, players hear almost nothing about the vast majority of people who haven't won a single dollar. This tactic draws upon which type of bias? A. overconfidence bias B. representative bias C. availability bias D. confirmation bias E. framing bias

availability bias

Learning to listen and resisting defensiveness are steps toward becoming A. more resilient. B. better at making decisions. C. a more critical thinker. D. better at receiving feedback.

better at receiving feedback.

Delfina has set up a booth at a food and wine trade show. Delfina is giving away samples of her restaurant's most popular dish, but she wants to only give free samples to people who might buy her food. Thus, Delfina looks at everyone who passes by and employs the ________ bias to decide which people might be customers. A. hindsight B. categorical thinking C. escalation of commitment D. anchoring and adjustment

categorical thinking

Based on what you've learned about Freshii, what type of culture does it have? A. market B. bureaucratic C. hierarchy D. clan E. adhocracy

clan

When Henry Ford implemented the assembly-line process to dramatically decrease the time and resources needed to make automobiles, he was pursuing a ________ strategy. A. focused-differentiation B. differentiation C. cost-leadership D. cost-focus

cost-leadership

Freshii headquarters uses a flat organization, which means decision making is more A. integrated. B. coordinated. C. centralized. D. decentralized. E. bottom-up.

decentralized.

A ________ is a graph of decisions and their possible consequences. A. corporate hierarchy B. resolution graph C. decision-result assessment D. decision tree

decision tree

Over the course of 40 years, Bradley grew his company to six package shipping stores. With his retirement approaching and increased competition from national brands, he decided to reduce the number of locations to two. Bradley's closing of four locations represents a A. merger approach. B. fixed plan. C. defensive strategy. D. growth strategy.

defensive strategy.

Basic assumptions represent the core values of an organization and are A. difficult to change. B. easy to change. C. can be changed as needed. D. visible to everyone.

difficult to change.

After being referred by a friend, Hedyeh attended a job interview. She didn't feel it went well, but she was surprised when her friend told her the boss didn't like that Hedyeh had worn her hijab, a headscarf traditionally worn by Muslim women. The boss told a co-worker after the interview, "Our customers prefer working with Christians." Hedyeh is a victim of A. affirmative action. B. discrimination. C. quid pro quo. D. bullying.

discrimination.

Nikos, the office manager of a large optometrist clinic, recently purchased a used copier. It seems as if Nikos becomes more committed to the copier every time it jams, even though employees are having many troubles with it. Nikos is likely struggling with the ________ bias. A. framing B. hindsight C. anchoring and adjustment D. escalation of commitment

escalation of commitment

In order, the steps of the strategic-management process are A. establish the mission and vision statements, assess the current reality, conduct a trend analysis, and maintain the feedback loop. B. establish the mission statement, maintain strategic control, formulate the grand strategy, and implement the strategy. C. establish the mission, vision, and values statements; assess the current reality; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy; and maintain strategic control. D. establish the vision and values statements, develop a mission statement, formulate the grand strategy, implement the strategy, and maintain the feedback loop.

establish the mission, vision, and values statements; assess the current reality; formulate the grand strategy; implement the strategy; and maintain strategic control.

Georgie's Orchards, a firm that grows, processes, and cans peaches, uses a ________ structure that separates workers based on their tasks or special skills. A. functional B. product C. customer D. horizontal

functional

DeAndre loves sales because he responds well to the pressure he faces in the many new or uncertain situations he encounters as a salesperson. Because DeAndre has an analytical decision-making style, he probably A. has a low tolerance for ambiguity and a long-term perspective. B. is receptive to suggestions and is people-oriented. C. is efficient, logical, and has a low tolerance for ambiguity. D. has a high tolerance for ambiguity but struggles to make decisions quickly.

has a high tolerance for ambiguity but struggles to make decisions quickly.

Freshii's organizational structure most closely resembles which of the following designs? A. traditional B. matrix C. horizontal D. virtual E. hollow

horizontal

Your university likely divides work by function, such as faculty, administrators, and staff, and uses a large number of cross-functional committees to solve problems and accomplish collaborative tasks. Your university's structure is probably A. product divisional. B. modular. C. horizontal. D. matrix.

horizontal.

Sexual harassment can prevent people from performing their best due to making them feel uncomfortable or unsafe in their workplace. This means that the type of harassment alleged to be taking place against some Uber employees could negatively impact those employees' A. knowledge capital. B. job capital. C. financial capital. D. human capital.

human capital.

Comics Alive is an animation studio with a strong creativity culture where the employees work together to imagine new cartoon characters and bring them to life via digital animation. If you were to visit Comics Alive, you would likely encounter observable artifacts such as A. idea boards for current projects, varied kinds of seating, and advanced video technology. B. beige walls, neatly arranged desks, and employees working quietly in their own offices. C. a large trophy case of awards and a display explaining the four generations of leaders of this business. D. a prominent reception space and the company logo on everything from the floors to the coffee cups.

idea boards for current projects, varied kinds of seating, and advanced video technology.

Isaiah knows that what his boss has asked him to do is not in the best interest of the company. He also knows that if he does not do what he was asked to do, he will be written up and put on disciplinary action. He decides instead to do what his boss wants, just slower than his boss may have liked. Isaiah is using the principle of A. no brag, just the facts. B. evidence-based management is not just for senior executives. C. if all else fails, slow the spread of bad practice. D. treat your organization as an unfinished prototype.

if all else fails, slow the spread of bad practice.

During a situational analysis of the ________ of her dog training service, Jaela determined that one of her strengths was that trained dogs retained their skills for at least three months after training, and that one of her weaknesses was that very few clients brought another dog to her for training. A. growth strategy B. internal environment C. external environment D. forecasting

internal environment

Ellis is overseeing the development of a huge greenspace in an urban city center. He knows this project will affect millions of people, and he wants all key groups represented. As he considers who to add to the development team, he lists many civic and private organizations, education and environmental advocates, leaders of commerce and industry, as well as political officials and municipal agencies, that must all be involved. As Ellis reviews his list, with over 40 people on it, he decides that is a good enough number, and he is about to start sending out the invitations to the first meeting. Ellis's partner passes by and reminds him that, in general, the larger the group, the A. lower the quality of their decisions. B. higher the quality of their decisions. C. faster they make decisions. D. faster they come to consensus.

lower the quality of their decisions.

Based on the competing values framework, it would seem that Uber had a ________ culture under Kalanick, but now has more of a ________ culture with Khosrowshahi at the helm. A. hierarchy; adhocracy B. market; clan C. adhocracy; market D. clan; market E. hierarchy; clan

market; clan

Managers for Isabella's Icy Treats, a business that operates two dozen ice cream trucks in a large city, have implemented an excellent strategy. Now the managers are faced with the strategic management process of A. implementing management-by-objectives. B. choosing among different strategies to fit the organization. C. assessing the current reality of Isabella's. D. monitoring the execution of strategy and making adjustments as needed.

monitoring the execution of strategy and making adjustments as needed.

The celebration of key accomplishments by chest bumps and the push-up contests reflected what level of organizational culture at Uber during former-CEO Kalanick's tenure? A. enacted values B. hierarchy C. observable artifacts D. basic assumptions E. espoused values

observable artifacts

Each year, Pedro, a sales manager for a candy company, attends the Candy Confectioners Convention where he attends workshops on techniques for selling candies and sweets. The workshops are examples of A. on-the-job L&D. B. L&D for facts. C. off-the-job L&D. D. onboarding.

off-the-job L&D.

Uber drivers may purchase 7x7 Experience quality improvement classes. These are examples of A. on-the-job learning and development. B. off-the-job learning and development. C. incentives. D. compensation. E. benefits.

off-the-job learning and development.

Tech giant, TimeHop, was concerned about creating a workspace that was inviting and encouraged collaboration. Knowing that most of its employees would work odd hours, there was care taken to lighting choices and types of furniture. TimeHop was concerned with A. role modeling. B. titles. C. goals and performance criteria. D. physical design.

physical design.

Read the following descriptions of managers and determine which would be best served by a narrow span of control. A. director of a university library B. manager of a real estate brokerage C. shift supervisor of a fast food restaurant D. president of a pharmaceutical company

president of a pharmaceutical company

If Philips, a company well-known for LED lights, debuted a smart tablet it would likely fall in which quadrant of the BCG matrix? A. question marks B. stars C. cash cows D. dogs

question marks

If a hospital in the Management in Action case utilized employment tests for nurse candidates that produced inconsistent scores, the test would have a ________ problem. A. validity B. microlearning C. forced ranking D. reliability

reliability

Bella Blooms is a successful business that sells a liquid spray fertilizer to farmers. The fertilizer consists of rich, organic, composted material. Recently, Natural Supply, another established fertilizer manufacturer, dramatically increased its marketing to farmers in the region that Bella Blooms views at its target market. When analyzing its industry, Bella Blooms should be concerned about the threat of A. buyers' negotiating influence. B. rivalry among competitors. C. substitute products and services. D. new entrants.

rivalry among competitors.

In the Management in Action case, La Croix seems to be stagnant as competitors outperform it. What type of corporate strategy does this represent? A. growth B. stability C. innovation D. defensive

stability

The three key principles of ________ are the creation of a unique and valuable position, trade-offs in competing, and creating a "fit" among activities. A. company diversity B. a strong employee morale C. an environment with few or no competitors D. strategic positioning

strategic positioning

Cornelius owns Grand Games, a high-end store that retails games and toys that are handcrafted and carefully selected. Cornelius targets customers who value artisanal work, such as backgammon sets made from reclaimed lumber by local crafters. There are several stores in the area that sell mass-made toys and games that are much cheaper. To compete, Cornelius offers "game nights" where he sets up game boards and invites local teens and adults to take part in light-hearted competitions, where the winners receive a 10% discount on their next purchase. Cornelius also takes custom orders for game pieces that his customers want, such as 12-sided dice or newly invented games. All of Cornelius's activities are aimed at giving Grand Games a sustainable competitive advantage through A. defensive strategy. B. blue ocean strategy. C. vertical integration. D. strategic positioning.

strategic positioning.

Uber drivers' performance is currently rated by riders in their vehicles. This means that the performance appraisal they receive is primarily A. 360-degree feedback. B. subjective. C. behaviorally anchored. D. objective. E. unbiased.

subjective.

Strategic implementation is thought to be A. the most important step in the strategic management process. B. the greatest managerial challenge in strategic management. C. the first step in organizational assessment. D. the first step in organizational assessment.

the greatest managerial challenge in strategic management.

Trevon, owner of a hotel in Miami, is negotiating an executive lodging agreement with a major corporation that would keep his hotel at 70% occupancy at all times. To land the deal, Trevon's hotel needs lots of updates to its furnishings and amenities within the next six weeks. Given the time constraints and the many decisions to be made, Trevon will likely employ A. predictive analytics. B. the satisficing model. C. automated experience. D. hindsight bias.

the satisficing model.

Looking side to side along the line of an organizational chart, you can determine A. the company's common purpose. B. the various departments or specializations of work. C. the optimal span of control. D. who reports to whom.

the various departments or specializations of work.

Which of the following is an example of Uber's organizational structure in alignment with its culture? A. the weakening of Kalanick's authority by the board of directors B. the booking fee Uber charges in addition to its 25% commission rate C. Kalanick's display of Uber's 14 values at the company's San Francisco headquarters D. Khosrowshahi soliciting input from employees rather than just directing new cultural norms E. the transformation of Kalanick's 14 values to Khosrowshahi's 8 cultural norms

the weakening of Kalanick's authority by the board of directors

In the case, John Dudovskiy of Research Methodology believes that Uber exhibits what type of span of control under CEO Khosrowshahi? A. divisional B. functional C. narrow D. modular E. wide

wide

Freshii emphasizes a lean management structure. This means that span of control at Freshii is generally A. wide. B. central. C. tall. D. decentral. E. narrow.

wide.