Micro- CH 4 practice

The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is ______. A. amphitrichous B. lophotrichous C. peritrichous D. atrichous E. monotrichous

B. lophotrichous

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and ______. A. mRNA B. rRNA C. tRNA D. DNA

B. rRNA

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule. If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice, what prediction can you make about the consequences? A. the mice will get a severe case of pneumonia and recover B. the mice will remain healthy C. the infection will respond to antiviral medication D. the mice will die of pneumonia

B. the mice will remain healthy

The cell membrane, the cell wall, ad the outer membrane comprise the _____. A. S-layer B. slime layer C. cell envelope D. glycocalyx E. peptidoglycan

C. cell envelope

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ____ A. cell wall B. mitochondrion C. cell membrane D. ribosomes E. microcompartment

C. cell membrane

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called _______. A. cilia B. fimbriae C. flagella D. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) E. sex pili

E. sex pili

Which of the following is mismatched? A. methanogens- convert CO2 and H2 into methane B. hyperthermophiles- adapted to high temperatures C. psychrophiles- adapted to very low temperatures D. extreme halophiles- adapted to salty habitats E. thermoplasmas- adapted to warm-blooded animal environments

E. thermoplasmas- adapted to warm-blooded animal environments

Which group of microorganisms is composed only of hereditary material wrapped in a protein covering? A. fungi B. yeasts C. bacteria D. parasites E. viruses

E. viruses

True/False: Boiling water (100C) can normally destroy endospores.

False

Bacterial endospores are produced by ____. A. Bacillus B. Entamoeba C. Staphylococcus D. mycoplasma

A. Bacillus

A patient has a serious respiratory infection. A sputum sample yielded a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You can hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _____. A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae B. Staphylococus aureus C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis D. Borrelia burgdorferi E. Streptococcus pneumoniae

A. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell envelope component of _______. A. gram-negative bacteria B. acid-fast bacteria C. protoplasts D. mycoplasmas E. gram-positive bacteria

A. gram-negative bacteria

Alcohol-based hand sanitizers specifically target lipids, making them most effective when trying to eliminate ______. A. gram-negatives B. gram-positives C. biofilms D endospores E. viruses

A. gram-negatives

A bacterial cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is _______. A. gram-positive B. acid-fast C. a protoplast D. gram-negative E. a spheroplast

A. gram-positive

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is ______ A. peritrichous B. monotrichous C. lophotrichous D. amphitrichous E. atrichous

A. peritrichous

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that A. protein synthesis would stop B. the chromosomes would unravel C material would not cross the cell membrane D. glycogen inclusions would form E. holes would appear in the capsule

A. protein synthesis would stop

Which of the following bacteria is not closely related to the others? A. Salmonella enterica subsp. indica B. Salmonella bongori C. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica D. Salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae

B. Salmonella bongori

Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that A. cause human disease B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye C. lack a cell nucleus D. are infectious particles E. can only be found growing in laboratories

B. are too small to be seen with the unaided eye

Two functions of bacterial appendages are _____ and _____. A. attachment, energy production B. attachment, motility C. motility, energy production D. antibiotic resistance, motility

B. attachment, motility

During the Gram stain, the application of alcohol results in the decolorization of _____ cells. A. gram-positive B. gram-negative C. ali D. pleomorphic

B. gram-negative

Lysozyme is most effective against ______. A. archaea B. gram-positive organisms C. gram-negative organisms D. mycoplasmas E. cyanobacteria

B. gram-negative organisms

The chromosome in bacteria and archaea A. forms a single linear strand of DNA B. is part of the nucleoid C. is located in the cell membrane D. contains all the cell's plasmids

B. is part of the nucleoid

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial ______. A. inclusions B. slime layers C. cell walls D. cell membranes E. capsules

C. cell walls

Which is the correct order for the application of reagents in the Gram stain? A. crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin B. safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine C. crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin D. crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone E. iodine, safranin, crystal violet, alcohol/acetone

C. crystal violet, iodine, alcohol/acetone, safranin

The short, numerous appendages used y some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called ____. A. cilia B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) C. fimbriae D. flagella E. pili

C. fimbriae

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme ______, found in tears and saliva. A. peptidase B. kinase C. lysozyme D. penicillinase

C. lysozyme

Chemotaxis refers to the ability of a cell to A. halt movement in response to a chemical B. move in response to light C. move in response to a chemical D. transport desired molecules into a cell

C. move in response to a chemical

The function of bacterial endospores is A. reproduction and growth B. to provide a protected site for photosynthesis C. protection of genetic material during harsh conditions D. storage of excess cellular building blocks

C. protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

The process of sporangium formation and endospore maturation requires 6-8 hours. What is most likely to result if the temperature of the environment was raised to 100C about 2 hours after the process started? A. the endospore would form more slowly and be heat resistant B. the endospore would form properly but would unable to germinate C. the endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant D. the organism would be termed a hyperthermophile E. the chromsome in the endospore would likely carry mutations

C. the endospore would not form properly because it is not yet heat resistant

Researchers studying the rigidity and flexibility of the cell envelope used chemotaxis to measure the ability of microbes to squeeze through tight spaces. E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium, was able to traverse narrower channels than B. subtilis, a gram-positive microbe, even though both cells are the same size when grown without restriction. E. coli has the more flexible cell envelope because A. it has only a single membrane B. lipopolysaccharide has no charge C. there is less structural carbohydrate D. it has fewer flagella E. there are fewer protein receptors

C. there is less structural carbohydrate

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is _____. A. Bacillus B. Streptococcus C. Mycoplasma D. Mycobacterium E. Corynebacterium

D. Mycobacterium

A research laboratory that identifies the subspecies of bacterial isolates from a recent Salmonella epidemic would refer to Bergey's Manual of _______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification. A. Evolutionary B. Classical C. Determinative D. Systematic

D. Systematic

Mycobacterium and Nocardia are distinguished from other bacteria by the ______ stain. A. endospore B. methyl blue C. acid-fast D. basic

D. acid-fast

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the _____. A. slime layer B. capsule C. endospore D. cell wall E. cell membrane

D. cell wall

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the _______. A. ribosomes B. flagella C. cell membrane D. cell wall

D. cell wall

Gram-negative bacteria A. are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria B. include all pathogens C. appear purple following the Gram stain D. have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition

D. have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition

Which of the following is not a characteristic of bacteria? A. the cell wall is made of peptidoglycan or other distinct polysaccharides B. ribosomes are present as the site of protein synthesis C. DNA is free in the cytoplasm D. organelles termed mitochondria are the site of ATP production

D. organelles termed mitochondria are the site of ATP synthesis

The macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine (AG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) chains cross-linked by short peptide fragments is _____. A. teichoic acid B. lipopolysaccharide C. mycolic acid D. peptidoglycan E. lysozyme

D. peptidoglycan

Which of the following bacterial structures is incorrectly matched with a function? A. nucleoid - hereditary material B. cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution C. ribosomes - protein synthesis D. plasmids - contain genes essential for growth and metabolism E. inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials

D. plasmids - contain genes essential for growth and metabolism

Which of the following properties are shared by both bacteria and archaea? A. cell wall polysaccharides B. ester linkages in fatty acids C. method of DNA compaction D. single, circular chromosome

D. single, circular chromosome

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______. A. Streptococcus B. Palisade C. Staphylobacillus D. Staphylococcus E. Streptobacillus

E. Streptobacillus

Endospores are A. metabolically inactive B. resistant to heat and chemical treatments C. resistant to destruction by radiation D. living structures E. all of the choices are correct

E. all of the choices are correct

The bacterial flagellum has three components. In order from the cytoplasm to the external environment, they are ______. A. filament, basal body, and hook B. basal body, filament, and hook C. hook, basal body, and filament D. filament, hook, and basal body E. basal body, hook, and filament

E. basal body, hook, and filament

The basal body of a flagellum is anchored into the _____. A. hook B. peptidoglycan layer C. outer membrane D. cell wall E. cell membrane

E. cell membrane

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except ______. A. pili B. periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) C. fimbriae D. flagella E. cilia

E. cilia

Which of the following is not true of the outer membrane? A. the uppermost layer is made of lipopolysaccharide B. the innermost layer is a phospholipid bilayer C. the lipid portion of the lipopolysaccharide layer is termed endotoxin D. porins creat channels through the outer membrane E. gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane

E. gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane

The Five I's of studying microorganism include all of the following except _______. A. isolation B. identification C. inoculation D. incubation E. infection

E. infection

True/False: All bacteria and archaea are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms.

True

True/False: Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

True

True/False: Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

True