micro chap 9 reading

The first three events of translation in the correct order are _____,______ ,______ followed by protein folding and processing.

Blank 1: initiation Blank 2: elongation or chain elongation Blank 3: termination

Two components of an operon include the _____that acts as an on/off switch, and the ____ gene sequences.

Blank 1: operator Blank 2: structural

The genome of a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell includes DNA found in which sites?

Chromosomes Mitochondria Plasmids Chloroplasts

Which is the correct order of events when a protein is made in the process of translation?

Initiation, elongation, termination

How does RNA differ from DNA in bacteria and eukaryotes? Multiple select question.

RNA is single-stranded In RNA, uracil replaces thymine

_______ refers to the transfer of genes from donor to recipient microorganisms, where the recipient strain shows a change in genetic makeup at the end.

Recombination

Which type of mutation is due to random mistakes in replication?

Spontaneous mutation

Nucleotide is to nucleic acid ____ ____ as is to protein.

amino acids

A(n) ______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that codes for one functional protein or RNA.

gene

Control mechanisms ensure that _____ are active only when their products are required.

gene

Any alteration in DNA that occurs as a consequence of exposure to chemical or physical mutagens is a(n) ______ mutation.

induced

A permanent inheritable alteration in the DNA sequence of a cell is a(n)______

mutation

Gene expression in prokaryotes is regulated through _______.

operons

Mutations that involve the addition, deletion or substitution of no more than a few bases are referred to as _______ mutations.

point

The enzymes responsible for building the DNA strand, proofreading newly produced DNA strands, and removing the RNA primer are DNA ______ I and III.

polymerase

Two subunits of the ______ comprise the site of protein synthesis.

ribosome

Which are components of an operon in a sequence of DNA?

structural genes operator

The "blueprint" information for the production of proteins is permanently encoded in sections of_______

DNA

The flow of genetic information in a cell is a process starting with ______ which encodes _____ which encodes protein.

DNA RNA

_____ mutations in DNA are caused by random mistakes in replication and not known to be influenced by any mutagenic agent.

Spontaneous

DNA polymerases are responsible for

building the DNA chain. proofreading/repair.

Viral DNA inserted into the host genome may cause the transformation of the host cell into a cell.

cancer

During eukaryotic protein synthesis, ______ ribosome(s) are used to translate mRNA that contains ______ gene(s).

many, one

In protein synthesis, eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells show similarities in all of the following EXCEPT the

number of proteins encoded on a single mRNA. use of formyl-methionine as the first amino acid.

Which best describes the flow of genetic information in a cell?

DNA encodes RNA which encodes protein