micro chapter 4

Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes, is mismatched?

Unique hydrocarbon present - cyanobacteria

All bacterial cells have

a chromosome

Sarcinae refers to

a cuboidal packet of cells

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

acid-fast

Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized

capsule

The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the

cell membrane

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is

cell wall

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's

cell wall

Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial

cell walls

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _____.

chemotaxis

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages, except

cilia

When a rod shaped bacteria is short and plump, it is called a:

coccobacillus

Magnetosomes are

composed of magnetic iron oxide particles.

The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions, and cysts would be associated with

cyanobacteria

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

endospore

The cell _____ is composed of three layers: the glycocalyx, the cell wall, and the cell membrane.

envelope

The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts: the _____, the hook, and the basal body.

filament

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called

fimbriae

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has

flagella

The function of bacterial endospores is

for protection of genetic material during harsh conditions.

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of

gram-negative bacteria

A prokaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is

gram-positive

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

F

If during the Gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

F

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

F

The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane

F

The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells.

F

Thiomargarita namibia is the smallest bacteria known to man

F

A prokaryotic ribosome has a 70 S size composed of two smaller subunits of which the smaller subunit is __ S size and the larger one is __ S size.

30, 50

Which phylum is mismatched?

Actinobacteria - waxy acid fast cell walls

A microoganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60C. Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is?

Archaea

_____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.

Bergeys

Which of the following is mismatched?

Coxiella burnetti: Cow pox

What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain?

Crystal Violet, Gram's iodine, Alcohol, Safranin

Which is mismatched?

Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria

The enzyme _____, that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls

Lysozyme

A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is

Myobacterium

Which of the following characteristics is not a property of cells or living things?

Nucleus

Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called

Periplasmic flagella (axial filaments)

Which cell structure is an important agent in modern genetic engineering techniques?

Plasmids

Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by

hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls.

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease, except

inclusions

The bacterial chromosome

is part of the nuceloid

All of the following are correct about a slime layer, except

it plays a role in cell motility.

Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be

lophotrichous.

During the Gram stain, gram _____ cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied

negative

An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine

nitrogen base sequence of rRNA

Cells form a _____ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

palisade

_____ is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments.

peptidoglycan

The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is

peritrichous

Which is mismatched?

plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism

The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is

predominance of unique, waxy lipids

The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be

protein synthesis would stop

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

tetrad

All of the following are correct about biofilms, except

they are harmless aggregations of microbes.

Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms?

they involve bacteria only

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls

T

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

T

Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease.

T

Hot Carbol Fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain.

T

If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin.

T

The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions.

T

In the Gram stain, the mordant is

Iodine

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _____.

Ribosomal RNA

Bacterial endospores are not produced by

Staphylococcus

Endospores are

all choices are correct

The periplasmic space is

an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell.

All of the following pertain to endotoxins, except they

are found in acid fast bacterial cell walls

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called

sex pili