Micro Functional Anatomy

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the glycocalyx found in bacteria? A structure that can be visualized by negative staining Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria form attaching to surfaces If firmly attached, contributes to bacterial virulence A viscous coating surrounding the cell made of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both

Creates a slimy, slippery coating that prevents bacteria form attaching to surfaces

Which of the following bacterial structures is necessary for chemotaxis? Capsules Metachromatic granules Flagella Plasmids

Flagella

Penicillin specifically interferes with peptidoglycan synthesis. Which of the following cells is most likely to be damaged by penicillin? Yeast cells Human cells Gram-positive bacterial cells Cells of archaea

Gram-positive bacterial cells

Which of the following is NOT true of the gram-negative outer membrane? It contains lipopolysaccharide. It has polysaccharide antigens that are useful in bacterial identification. It contains enzymes for energy synthesis. . It contains lipids also known as endotoxins. It is a part of the gram-negative cell wall.

It contains enzymes for energy synthesis

Which of the following statements about a gram-negative cell wall is FALSE?

It contains teichoic acid.

With a light microscope, which of the following would allow discrimination between eukaryotes and prokaryotes? Observation of photosynthetic pigment Observation of nuclei Observation of the plasma membrane Observation of the ribosomes Observation of flagella

Observation of nuclei

Consider a gram-positive cell in a hypertonic medium. If the peptidoglycan were damaged, the cell would __________.

Shrink

What will occur if a bacterial cell with a weakened or damaged cell wall is placed in pure water? The cell will remain the same size. The cell will swell and burst. The cell will form a new cell wall. The cell will shrink. The cell will form endospores.

The cell will swell and burst.

Spirochetes and spirilla are both spiral-shaped bacteria. However, they differ in that spirochetes have __________ and spirilla do not. fimbriae N-acetylglucosamine peritrichous flagella endoflagella

endoflagella

All of the following are found in the cell walls of gram-positive bacteria EXCEPT __________. lipoteichoic acid peptidoglycan lipid A teichoic acid N-acetylglucosamine

lipid A

The term describing bacteria with flagella that are arranged as a tuft coming from one pole is __________. amphytrichous lophotrichous peritrichous monotrichous

lophotrichous

The term describing bacteria with flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell is __________. amphytrichous monotrichous peritrichous lophotrichous

peritrichous

In a prokaryotic cell, all of the following are functions of either fimbriae or pili EXCEPT __________. attachment to a surface formation of biofilms protection from phagocytosis transfer of DNA

protection from phagocytosis

Gram-negative cells contain a periplasmic space that is __________. rich in degradative enzymes the site of protein synthesis filled with lysozyme abundant in teichoic acid a site of endocytosis

rich in degradative enzymes

Which of the following pairs is matched correctly? spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane protoplast—a genus of bacteria that typically do not have cell walls L form—a wall-less bacterium created by the action of lysozyme; the plasma membrane remains intact, and the cell carries on metabolism Mycoplasma spp.—bacteria that spontaneously, or in response to penicillin or lysozyme, partially lose their cell walls and swell into irregularly shaped bacteria that divide and metabolize and may regain their cell wall

spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane

Which of the following pairs is matched correctly? protoplast—a genus of bacteria that typically do not have cell walls spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane Mycoplasma spp.—bacteria that spontaneously, or in response to penicillin or lysozyme, partially lose their cell walls and swell into irregularly shaped bacteria that divide and metabolize and may regain their cell wall L form—a wall-less bacterium created by the action of lysozyme; the plasma membrane remains intact, and the cell carries on metabolism

spheroplast—gram-negative bacteria that are exposed to lysozyme but retain some of the outer membrane

Spherical bacteria that divide and remain attached in chainlike patterns are called spirochetes streptococci staphylococci tetrads

streptococci

The motility of bacteria with flagella occurs through a series of "runs" and __________. phototaxis turns Chemotaxis tumbles

tumbles