Microbiology Ch. 1

Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge?

- parents refusing to vaccinate their children - pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following?

Spontaneous generation

Benefits of normal microbiota include all EXCEPT which of the following?

They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes

Which of the following describes how fungi gain energy?

They degrade organic materials.

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation?

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

Plague is a _______.

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

The third step in the scientific process

collect data and draw a conclusion

The fourth step in the scientific process

communicate the methods, results and conclusions

All living organisms are now classified into three different taxonomic units called

domains

An infectious disease that has become more common in the last several decades is referred to as a(n) _______ infectious disease

emerging

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria?

energy sources used method of multiplication shapes and sizes prokaryotic cell structure

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______.

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

Which of the following are eukaryotes?

fungi algae helminths protozoa

What does the scientific name of an organism include?

genus and species

_________ are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.

Algae

Because they are often caused by a Helicobacter pylori infection, most stomach ulcers are treatable with ______.

Antibiotics

Membrane-bound organelles are only found in the cell type called a(n)

Eukaryotic

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork.

John Needham

Which defines spontaneous generation?

Life arose from non-living matter

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks.

Louis Pasteur

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties. Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms. Microorganisms multiply quickly.

Which of the following statements about the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 is true?

More Americans died of influenza in 1918-1919 than were killed in World Wars I and II, and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined.

In eukaryotes, the genetic material is contained within a membrane-bound structure called the

Nucleus

Organisms living today ______.

may be classified in three domains

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal_____________.

mircobiota

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______.

more diverse

Which of the following diseases killed one-third of the population of Europe in a four-year span (1347-1351)?

Plague

Viruses are ______.

obligate intracellular parasites

All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which?

Smallpox is caused by bacteria

A(n)_______ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following?

pathogens

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called

peptidoglycan

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.

probiotics

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled_____ that divide via the process of __________ __________

prokaryotes or organisms Blank 2: binary Blank 3: fission

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______.

run out

As important decomposers, fungi obtain nutrients by ______.

secreting enzymes to degrade organic material in the environment

What is the only shared feature of all microbes?

small size

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases?

smallpox

Which of the following can be characteristics of algae?

unicellular multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotic

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n) ______.

vaccine

Which of the following are classified as acellular infectious agents?

viroids viruses prions

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the_______, _________ and ___________

viruses viroids prions

Emerging infectious diseases are those ______.

whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades

Which of the following is true regarding all prokaryotes?

lack a nucleus

The first step in the scientific process

observations and questions

Cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus are called

prokaryotic cells

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______.

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

Why do microorganisms serve as important models for study of higher organisms?

Microorganisms have the same fundamental metabolic and genetic properties as other organisms.

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation?

yogurt, beer and cheese

The second step in the scientific process

Form a hypothesis

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the _____________ Theory of Disease.

Germ

A testable explanation for an observation is called a(n)

Hypotheses

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______.

Viruses

Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?

Viruses are acellular. Viruses are nonliving. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein.

Which of the following about microorganisms is true?

We could not survive without them

For the name Streptococcus pyogenes, the first part (Streptococcus) indicates the ___________ and gives information about the shape of the organism.

genus

This figure shows the two main forms of microscopic fungi. Panel A depicts a __________, , and panel B highlights a___________

yeast; mold

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Those that are studied by microbiologists include the unicellular ____________ and the multicellular filamentous ____________

yeasts; molds

Microscopic fungi that are single-celled are called ______, and that that are multicellular and filamentous are termed _______.

yeasts; molds

In addition to chlorophyll, some algae have other___________ , which give them their characteristic colors.

pigments

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as _________, a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

protists

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

endospores