Microbiology, Ch 11 Nester's 8/9

The genus of bacteria that is able to fix nitrogen and form heterocysts is

-Anabeana

What are the characteristics of Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococci?

They are obligate fermentors.

Chemoautotroph (energy source + carbon souce)

C. Uses chemical reactions for energy

Each axial filament is made up of fibrils identical in structure to : A. cilia. B. pili. C. flagella. D. pseudopods.

C. flagella.

The Euryarchaeota includes all A. known thermophilic extreme acidophiles. B. the bacteria. C. known methanogens. D. green sulfur bacteria.

C. known methanogens.

Thermus and Deinococcus: A. are both radiation resistant. B. are both Gram-positive. C. survive in extreme environments. D. both serve as the source of Taq polymerase. E. are both thermophilic.

C. survive in extreme environments - Thermus is thermophilic and Deinococcus can survive radiation. . Thermus is G-, Deinococcus is G+ Thermus is the source of Taq polymerase Deinococcus can survive gamma radiation

Which of the following genera are obligate intracellular parasites? - Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia - Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, AND Micrococcus - Escherichia AND Erlichia - Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia - Chlamydia AND Mycoplasma

Chlamydia, Coxiella, AND Rickettsia

Photoheterotrophs (energy source + carbon source)

D. Uses light energy and uses organic compounds

Purple nonsulfur bacteria (energy source + carbon source)

D. Uses light energy and uses organic compounds

Chemoorganotrophs A. may use substrate-level phosphorylation to produce ATP. B. may use oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP. C. utilize an electrochemical gradient. D. all of the above are true

D. all of the above are true

Methanogens often grow in association with: A. nitrifying bacteria. B. lithotrophic bacteria. C. photosynthetic bacteria. D. fermentative bacteria.

D. fermentative bacteria. (someone else said: chemoorganotrophs)

Which of the following is NOT associated with a Clostridium species? - Botulism - Antibiotic-associated diarrheal disease - Gas gangrene - Strep throat - Tetanus

Strep throat

A catalase-negative colony growing on a plate that was incubated aerobically could be which of the following genera?

Streptococcus

Streptococcus pyogenes: A. may form endospores. B. is beta-hemolytic. C. is alpha-hemolytic. D. is gamma-hemolytic. E. is alpha-hemolytic AND may form endospores.

B. is beta-hemolytic

All of the following genera are spirochetes:

Borrelia, Leptospira, Spirochaeta, Treponema CAULOBACTER IS NOT A SPIROCHETE

The purple sulfur and green sulfur bacteria: - generate oxygen and lack gas vesicles. - generate oxygen. - preferentially use organic molecules as an electron source. - both use hydrogen sulfide as a source of electrons. - both lack gas vesicles.

both use hydrogen sulfide as a source of electrons.

Reticulate and elementary bodies are two forms in the life cycle of - Mycoplasma. - Caulobacter. - Treponema. - Chlamydia. - Myxobacteria.

Chlamydia

T/F - Obligate aerobes may transform energy via fermentation.

False - THEY NEED O2, it's the terminal e- acceptor

T/F - Lactic acid bacteria such as Streptococcus are obligate fermenters that can exist in an aerobic environment due to their use of catalase to mitigate the presence of oxygen.

False - obligate fermenters = aerotolerant anaerobes that don't notice of oxygen is even present. Don't make catalase. - catalase breaks down the ROS hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Which of the following microbes is (are) important to cheese-making?

LACTIC ACID BACTERIA & PROPINONIBACTERIUM

Which of the following colonize the vagina during childbearing years? - Enterobacter - Lactobacilli - Clostridium - Clostridium AND lactobacilli - Streptococci

Lactobacilli

Thermoplasma and Picrophilus grow best in which of the following extreme conditions?

Low pH and high temperature

The term phototroph refers to an organism that

gets energy from sunlight

Treponema and Borrelia

are spirochaetes.

The lactobacilli, in their role as normal microbiota of the vagina, help the vagina resist infection by contributing to: - a high vaginal pH. - the neutrality of the vaginal mucus. - food for the resident vaginal microbiota. - fertility of the host. - acidity of the vagina.

- acidity of the vagina

Helicobacter pylori: - causes crown gall in plants. - inhabits the stomach. - has axonemes. - produces luminescence. - inhabits squid ink sacs.

- inhabits the stomach

Coliforms: - are an informal grouping of enterics. - ferment lactose. - include E. coli. - are used as indicators of fecal contamination. - All of the choices are correct.

All the choices are correct - enteric = fecal coliform

Which of the following genera fix nitrogen?

Anabaena, Azotobacter, and Rhizobium

What roles do hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide play in the metabolism of methanogens? A. They use hydrogen gas in respiration, and they use carbon dioxide in photosynthesis. B. Hydrogen gas is their terminal electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide is their energy source. C. Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their terminal electron acceptor. D. Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their carbohydrate source. E. Hydrogen gas is their initial electron acceptor, and carbon dioxide is their energy source.

C. Hydrogen gas is their energy source, and carbon dioxide is their terminal electron acceptor.

Which of the following organisms is the causative agent of Hansen's disease (leprosy)? A. Pseudomonas aeruginosa B. Mycobacterium avium C. Mycobacterium leprae D. Mycobacterium smegmatis

C. Mycobacterium leprae

Which of the following contains bacteriochlorophyll? - Streptococcus, Chromatium, Thidictyon - Staphylococcus, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon - Bacillus, Chromatium, Thiospirillum - Escherichia, Chromatium, Thiospirillum - Chromatium, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon

Chromatium, Thiospirillum, Thidictyon

It has been estimated that most of the intestinal bacteria are A) Facultative anaerobes B) Facultative aerobes C) Obligate aerobes D) Obligate anaerobes

D) Obligate anaerobes

Most bacteria, as well as all fungi and protozoa, are A) chemolithtrophs B) photoautotrophs C) photoheterotrophs D) chemoheterotrophs E) chemoautotrophs

D) chemoheterotrophs "Chemoheterotroph" is the term for an organism which derives its energy from chemicals, and needs to consume other organisms in order to live. - people are chemoheterotrophs. - Animals, most bacteria, fungi, and protozoa are chemoheterotrophs.

Wolbachia are found only in: A. plants. B. marine water. C. hot springs. D. mammals. E. arthropods.

E. arthropods - like insects, spiders and mites

The Gram-positive rod that is also acid-fast and is a human pathogen is

Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pseudomonas

are resistant to many disinfectants and antimicrobials AND are mostly harmless except for the opportunistic P. aeruginosa.

Comparatively greater energy is released when: - carbon dioxide is the final electron acceptor. - oxygen is the final electron acceptor. - fermentation occurs. - nitrate is the final electron acceptor. - hydrogen is the final electron acceptor.

oxygen is the final electron acceptor.

Bdellovibrio species: - are parasites of plants. - are filamentous. - may fix nitrogen. - prey on other bacteria. - are photosynthetic.

prey on other bacteria.

Streptomyces

resemble fungi in their pattern of growth AND produce a number of antibiotics.

Endoflagella (axial filaments) are only found on: Movement of spirochetes occurs by means of structures called:

spirochetes -use for locomotion -axial filaments

Anoxygenic phototrophs: - use water as a source of electrons. - use the same form of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plants. - produce oxygen. - produce oxygen AND use the same form of chlorophyll found in terrestrial plants. - use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons.

use hydrogen sulfide or organic compounds as a source of electrons.

T/F - Endospores of Bacillus stearothermophilus are used in testing autoclave operation.

TRUE

Chemoheterotroph (energy source + carbon source)

A. Uses chemical reactions for energy and uses organic compounds

T/F - Anoxygenic phototrophs grow photosynthetically only under aerobic conditions.

FALSE

T/F - Chlamydia occurs in two forms, a reticulate body and an elementary body.

True

Rhizobium - fix nitrogen inside nodules on the roots of legumes.

A symbiotic bacterium that lives in the nodules on roots of specific legumes and that incorporates nitrogen gas from the air into a form of nitrogen the plant requires

Which of the following statements about members of the family Enterobacteriaceae is NOT true? A. It includes many medically relevant bacteria. B. Members only reside in the intestinal tract of humans. C. It includes E. coli, Enterobacter, Salmonella, and Shigella. D. Members are facultative anaerobes. E. All of the choices are correct.

B. Members only reside in the intestinal tract of humans. -members also reside in the intestinal tract of animals and in the soil

Cyanobacterium (energy source + carbon source)

B. Uses light energy and uses carbon dioxide

Photoautotroph (energy source + carbon source)

B. Uses light energy and uses carbon dioxide

The earliest oxygenic phototrophs are thought to be: A. purple non-sulfur bacteria. B. cyanobacteria. C. cyanoarchaea. D. green non-sulfur bacteria. E. purple sulfur bacteria.

B. cyanobacteria

You suspect that she may have Helicobacter pylori gastritis, and send her for a urea breath test. The breath test is positive; based on this, you get the patient's stool tested for blood, and you send her for an endoscopy, during which a biopsy is taken. Your diagnosis is confirmed by the results of these tests and that she does indeed have H. pylori. Your patient asks you how a bacterium can survive in her stomach, which she knows is very acidic. You explain that: A. H. pylori produces urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; the ammonia neutralizes the pH of the stomach, allowing the bacteria to survive. B. H. pylori is an acidophile, and as such prefers acidic pH levels of 1-3; gastric juices contain hydrochloric acid which has a very low pH. C. H. pylori is encased in the very thick polysaccharide capsule that protects it from the degradative effects of the HCl found in the stomach. D. H. pylori forms a biofilm with the other normal microbiota of the stomach. The structure of the biofilm covers and protects the bacteria within it. E H. pylori has the ability to form endospores in hostile environmental conditions. It does this in the acidic stomach, only germinating once they reach the small intestine.

A. H. pylori produces urease that converts urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; the ammonia neutralizes the pH of the stomach, allowing the bacteria to survive.

Purple sulfur bacteria and filamentous sulfur-oxidizers both: A. accumulate sulfur as intracellular granules. B. fix nitrogen. C. produce oxygen from carbon dioxide. D. use gliding motility

A. accumulate sulfur as intracellular granules.

Agrobacterium : A. contain the Ti plasmid which modifies the growth of plant tissue. B. produce antibiotics. C. infect animal cells. D. resemble fungus.

A. contain the Ti plasmid which modifies the growth of plant tissue.

Swarmer cells are: A. formed by sheathed bacteria. B. also known as coliforms. C. part of the green non-sulfur bacteria. D. formed by Myxobacteria. E. used in sewage treatment.

A. formed by sheathed bacteria

If you examined the acidic runoff from a coal mine, which of the following would you most likely find grow there?

Acidithiobacillus

Sulfolobus species are found at the surface of acidic sulfur-containing hot springs such as many of those found in Yellowstone National Park. They only grow at temperatures above 50°C and at a pH between 1 and 6. How would you classify these organisms? - Psychrotrophic neutrophiles - Aerobic, psychrophilic acidophiles - Anaerobic, acidophilic mesophiles - Microaerophilic, halotolerant basophiles - Aerobic, acidophilic thermophiles

Aerobic, acidophilic thermophiles

Luminescence: - may be produced by bacteria. - may be controlled by quorum sensing. - is catalyzed by luciferase. -All of the choices are correct. - None of the choices is correct.

All the choices are correct. - bioluminescence - density-dependent light emission

The methanogens, produces of methane gas, require environments that A) have abundant oxygen and CO2 B) are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO2 C) are extremely cold D) have sunlight E) are very acidic

B) are anaerobic with hydrogen gas and CO2

67. Relatively little is known about many obligate anaerobes. Why might this be so? A. The obligate aerobes are far more numerous, and also ...cont B. It's much harder to provide the right atmospheric ...cont C. Only obligate aerobes cause disease, so we've had ...cont D. The majority of obligate anaerobes are very ...cont

B. It's much harder to provide the right atmospheric ...cont

Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix are examples of A. purple sulfur bacteria. B. sheathed bacteria. C. prosthecate bacteria. D. Enterobacteriaceae. E. green non-sulfur bacteria.

B. sheathed bacteria

In anaerobic respiration, all of the following molecules can be used as final electron acceptors except A) SO4- B) NO3- C) H2O D) NO2- E) O2

E) O2

The term phototroph refers to an organism that A) Obtains energy by oxidizing chemical compounds B) Uses CO2 for its carbon C) Does not need a carbon source D) Must obtain organic compounds for its carbon needs E) Obtains energy from sunlight

E) Obtains energy from sunlight

The type of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen A) Does not require sunlight B) Does not require CO2 as a reactant C) Occurs in algae and plants D) Occurs in cyanobacteria E)Occurs in certain bacteria

E)Occurs in certain bacteria

Members of the Archaea typically thrive in conditions of excessive A. heat. B. acidity. C. alkalinity. D. salinity. E. All of the choices are correct.

E. All of the choices are correct.

Which organism(s) is/are acid-fast? A. Nocardia B. Pseudomonas C. E. coli D. Mycobacterium E. Nocardia AND Mycobacterium

E. Nocardia AND Mycobacterium

Approximately 99% of the microbes in the intestines are obligate anaerobes. We have plenty of blood vessels that can bring oxygen to the tissues of the intestines. Why would there be obligate anaerobes within these areas? A. The aerobic microbes are outcompeted for nutrients in these areas by the anaerobic microbes. B. The inside space of the intestines is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where carbon dioxide accumulates. C. The bacteria consume all the oxygen in the tissue areas brought by the blood vessels, creating an anaerobic environment. D. The bacteria in the intestines are protected from exposure to the oxygen in the tissues by the lining of the intestines. E. The inside space of the intestines is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where oxygen cannot reach and it is not supplied with blood.

E. The inside space of the intestines, [where bacteria reside], is highly anaerobic. It is deep inside the body where oxygen cannot reach AND, [unlike the surrounding tissues], it is not supplied with blood.

Phycobiliproteins are A. found in purple sulfur bacteria. B. found in cyanobacteria. C. used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll. D. are used to reduce hydrogen sulfide. E. found in cyanobacteria AND used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll.

E. found in cyanobacteria AND used to gather wavelengths of light that are not well absorbed by chlorophyll.

You examine a patient who is complaining of belching (burping), bloating, and some vomiting. She also has some abdominal discomfort which she describes as a dull, burning pain that is worse when she is hungry and is often relieved when she takes antacids. You suspect that she may have Helicobacter pylori gastritis, and send her for a urea breath test. The breath test is positive; based on this, you get the patient's stool tested for blood, and you send her for an endoscopy, during which a biopsy is taken. Your diagnosis is confirmed by the results of these tests and that she does indeed have H. pylori. Your patient asks you to explain how the urea breath test works. You tell her that in the test, she had been asked to swallow urea containing an unusual form of carbon—non-radioactive 13C (an isotope). After 10-30 minutes, she was asked to breathe into a receptacle, and her breath had been analyzed for the presence of this form of carbon in the carbon dioxide that she exhaled. You explain that the CO2 she exhaled contained 13C, so: A. her test indicates that her stomach cells used the 13C-containing urea in cellular respiration, producing glucose and releasing CO2 containing 13C as a byproduct. B. her test indicates the presence of H. pylori—the organism contains 13C in its cell wall, and in the presence of stomach acid, the cell wall is broken down to release CO2 containing 13C which could be measured. C. her test indicates the presence of H. pylori—the organism produces ammoniase that breaks down the 13C-containing urea that the patient swallowed into urea and CO2 containing 13C which could be measured. D. nobody really understands how the urea breath test works, but that it is well known that anybody who drinks urea containing 13C and exhales CO2 containing this element afterwards needs treatment for an ulcer. E. her test indicates the presence of H. pylori—the organism produces urease that breaks down the 13C-containing urea that the patient swallowed into ammonia and CO2 containing 13C which could be measured.

E. her test indicates the presence of H. pylori—the organism produces urease that breaks down the 13C-containing urea that the patient swallowed into ammonia and CO2 containing 13C which could be measured.

Which of the following structures would be the best choice as a biological indicator to test autoclave operations? - Cysts formed by Azotobacter species. - Dormant spores in the conidia of Streptomyces species. - Microcysts within the fruiting bodies of myxobacteria. - Sulfur granules produced by Thiothrix species. - Endospores formed by Geobacillus stearothermophilus.

Endospores formed by Geobacillus stearothermophilus.

If you read that coliforms had been found in a lake, the repot could have been referring to which of the following genera?

Escherichia

The genomes of free-living spirochetes are larger than those living in animal hosts. Why might this be so? A.Parasitic spirochetes are smaller than free-living spirochetes. Because of this, their genomes are also smaller; they need less genes. B. It isn't so—all spirochetes would have the same size genomes, since they're all the same species of microbe. C. A smaller genome implies simplicity—the spirochetes living in animal hosts have fewer needs, so they need fewer genes. D. The spirochetes in animal hosts are different species entirely. As different species, they would naturally have smaller genomes. E. Free-living spirochetes will need genes for additional proteins to synthesize or obtain their own food from the environment. Parasitic spirochetes obtain nutrients from the animal host.

Free-living spirochetes will need genes for additional proteins to synthesize or obtain their own food from the environment. Parasitic spirochetes obtain nutrients from the animal host.

Please select the definition that is INCORRECT. - Mycobacteria—Gram-negative bacteria that group together to form complex fruiting bodies. - Chemolithotrophs—organisms that harvest energy by oxidizing inorganic chemicals. - Anoxygenic phototrophs—photosynthetic organisms that do not produce O2. - Chemotrophs—organisms that obtain energy by oxidizing chemical compounds. - Nitrifiers—Gram-negative bacteria that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic nitrogen compounds.

Mycobacteria—Gram-negative bacteria that group together to form complex fruiting bodies.

The conversion of ammonium to nitrate could be accomplished by the presence of: - Nitrosomonas, Nitrobacter, and Anabaena. - Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter. - Anabaena alone. - Nitrosomonas alone. - Nitrobacter alone.

Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter.

How could heavily fertilized lawns contribute to cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and oceans? -Large amounts of fertilizer will lead to excessive production of greenhouse gases (like CO2) from grass in lawns. Excessive CO2 production will lead to large blooms of cyanobacteria in water systems. -They won't—the two systems are completely unrelated. How could grass in lawns contribute to effects in lakes and oceans? -Nutrient-rich grass will be mowed down, with grass clipping bits eventually washing into sewer systems and into larger bodies of water. These grass clippings will serve as a nutrient source for cyanobacteria, leading to blooms. -Run-off from the lawns will get into the water system, leading to large amounts of nitrogen that can be used by cyanobacteria in water systems. - Fertilizers contains compounds that encourage the production of bacteriochlorophylls; after rain, fertilizers get into water and are used by cyanobacteria.

Run-off from the lawns will get into the water system, leading to large amounts of nitrogen that can be used by cyanobacteria in water systems. Cyanobacteria are PROKARYOTES

T/F - Bacteria and Archaea both have members that use sulfur compounds as a terminal electron acceptor.

TRUE

T/F - The most medically relevant species of Pseudomonas is P. aeruginosa.

TRUE

What distinguishes Staphylococcus, species from Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Lactococcus species? - Their morphology. - The production of catalase. - The nature of their cell walls. - Their ability to cause disease. - All of these.

The production of catalase.

How do anoxygenic phototrophs benefit from having accessory pigments that allow light to be harvested at deeper areas of a moist or aquatic environment? - This allows even anaerobic microbes to conduct photosynthesis, as they can harvest light energy in the deeper areas where oxygen won't be present, use wavelengths of light not absorbed by the photosynthetic organisms closer to the surface of the water; AND don't have to compete with other cells that use oxygen in the upper levels for the scarce nutrients in the fluid environment. - These organisms don't have to compete with other cells that use oxygen in the upper levels for the scarce nutrients in the aquatic environment. - Accessory pigments allows even anaerobic microbes to carry out photosynthesis, as they can harvest light energy in the deeper areas where oxygen won't be present. - The cells can use wavelengths of light that have not been absorbed by the photosynthetic organisms closer to the surface of the water. - This allows even anaerobic microbes to conduct photosynthesis, as they can harvest light energy in the deeper areas where oxygen won't be present AND can use wavelengths of light not absorbed by the photosynthetic organisms closer to the surface of the fluid.

This allows even anaerobic microbes to conduct photosynthesis, as they can harvest light energy in the deeper areas where oxygen won't be present, use wavelengths of light not absorbed by the photosynthetic organisms closer to the surface of the water; AND don't have to compete with other cells that use oxygen in the upper levels for the scarce nutrients in the fluid environment.

T/F - The skin and oral cavity may have anaerobic microenvironments.

True

T/F - Rhizobium is considered an endosymbiont with plants.

True - specifically with root nodules of legumes where they fix nitrogen

In the phototrophic production of energy, the oxygen originates from A. carbon dioxide. B. water. C. glucose.

Water

What metabolic process creates the rotten egg smell characteristic of many anaerobic environments?

When sulfur compounds are used as terminal electron acceptors, they become reduced to hydrogen sulfide (chemical responsible for smell)

Heterocysts: - are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND generate oxygen. - are used to protect nitrogenase AND generate oxygen. - are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND are used to protect nitrogenase. - produce catalase AND are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. - are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND produce catalase.

are found in nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria AND are used to protect nitrogenase. - made by Anabeana

The methanogens: - are part of the domain Archaea AND appear only in aerobic environments. - are part of the domain Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane. - use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND appear only in aerobic environments. - oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane AND appear only in aerobic environments. - use oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.

are part of the domain Archaea AND oxidize hydrogen gas to produce methane.

A particular characteristic of disease-causing Streptococcus is: - lactic acid production. - beta-hemolysis. - endospore formation. - growth at refrigerator temperatures. - catalase production.

beta-hemolysis

Azotobacter -is used as an indicator of fecal pollution. - forms endospores. - fixes carbon dioxide. -is a hyperthermophile. -fixes nitrogen.

fixes nitrogen - and forms cysts

Sulfuric acid is

involved in bioleaching AND produced by unicellular sulfur-oxidizers.

Hydrogen sulfide: - has a strong citrus smell. - is produced when nitrate is used as terminal electron acceptor. - is produced by Desulfovibrio. - may react with iron to produce a deep red precipitate. - All of the answer choices are correct.

is produced by Desulfvibrio -has a strong rotten egg smell -is produced when sulfur compounds are used as terminal electron acceptors. - may react with iron to produce a black percipitate

mycoplasma

lack peptidoglycan, are the smallest free-living organisms AND have sterols in their membranes - mycoplasma has NO CELL WALL

Prosthecae are an adaptation for

low nutrient aquatic environments - for attachment and nutrient absorption

Archaea are typically found living in extreme environments. An exception to this are the: - methanogens. - sulfur-oxidizing archaea. - methanogens AND sulfur-reducing archaea. - sulfur-reducing archaea. - sulfur-oxidizing archaea AND sulfur-reducing archaea.

methanogens

Many spirochetes are difficult to cultivate, so their classification is based on their: - number of flagella AND morphology. - ability to cause disease AND pattern of flagella. - number of chromosomes AND pattern of flagella. - morphology AND ability to cause disease. - pattern of pili AND flexible cell wall.

morphology AND ability to cause disease.

Complex structures called fruiting bodies are a characteristic of: - Streptomyces. - myxobacteria. - lactic acid bacteria. - Clostridia. - bacilli.

myxobacteria.

Lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus

obligate fermentors

Clostridium, Lactobacillus, and Propionibacterium all: - oxidize inorganic compounds AND use organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors. - neutralize organic compounds AND use organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors. - oxidize organic compounds AND use organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors. - oxidize inorganic compounds AND use sulfur compounds as terminal electron acceptors. - oxidize organic compounds AND use sulfur compounds as terminal electron acceptors.

oxidize organic compounds AND use organic compounds as terminal electron acceptors.

Propionibacterium: - produces propionic acid AND is responsible for the holes in Swiss cheese. - is responsible for the holes in Swiss cheese AND requires aerobic environments. - produces propionic acid AND requires aerobic environments. - produces lactic acid AND is a Gram-negative organism. - produces lactic acid AND is responsible for the holes in Swiss cheese.

produces propionic acid AND is responsible for the holes in Swiss cheese.

A student complains that it makes no sense to worry about coliform bacteria in water, since we naturally possess harmless coliforms in our intestines anyway. Why do regulatory agencies worry about coliform bacteria in water supplies, then?

−Not all coliforms are harmless and symbiotic with human beings. Some may carry genes/proteins that can make them dangerous to humans. It's best to keep coliforms OUT of our drinking water, since it's difficult to identify which ones might be harmless and which ones might be harmful.