Microbiology CH 4

Bacterial plasma membranes differ from eukaryotic plasma membranes in that bacterial membranes always contain cholesterol while eukaryotic membranes rarely do.

False

Binary fission, mitosis, and meiosis all produce genetically identical daughter cells.

False

You have isolated a new organism which has eukaryotic cells, is multicellular, grows as hyphae, does not perform photosynthesis, and has a cell wall. This organism most likely belongs to which kingdom?

Fungi

Vesicles that bud off the ER are typically shuttled to the ________ where their contents can be modified, sorted, and distributed.

Golgi apparatus

Which of the following is part of the endomembrane system?

Golgi apparatus

__________ are a collection of tubular structures, either septate or aseptate, which allow for growth in most fungi.

Hyphae

The primary function of the nucleus is

housing the cell's DNA.

The _____________ is a diverse group that includes the diatoms, a major component of phytoplankton.

Chrysophyta

Which pairing of organism and the chemical component of its cell wall is matched incorrectly? Plants: cellulose Animals: cholesterol Fungi: chitin Bacteria: peptidoglycan Protista: cellulose, silica, or other components

Animals: cholesterol

Considered the progenitor of land plants, ___________ have 18S rRNA sequences comparable to plants.

Chlorophyta

Choose the true statement(s) concerning the eukaryotic glycocalyx. It is only in cells that have a cell wall. It is mainly made of lipids. It plays a role in cell communications. It promotes or prevents cell adhesion where appropriate.

It plays a role in cell communications. It promotes or prevents cell adhesion where appropriate.

_____________ is a type of sexual reproduction that occurs in eukaryotes and results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells.

Meiosis

Described as "hairy" in appearance, ____________ produce alginic acid, which can be used as a thickening agent.

Phaeophyta

Healthy reproduction is important to the survival of species. An accurate assessment of the health of the eukaryotic organisms in the arboretum soil requires an understanding of the characteristics of eukaryotic reproduction.

Prokaryotic Reproduction Eukaryotic Reproduction -sexual -produce(s) gametes -may produce genetically diverse offspring -genetic material packaged as chromatin Both -asexual -occur(s) via binary fission -produce(s) genetically identical offspring

Select the false statement about the differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Most prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome, as compared to a eukaryote's larger genome spread across multiple linear chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells can exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction, whereas eukaryotes only carry out asexual reproduction. Eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and other membrane bound organelles, while prokaryotes lack a nucleus. Prokaryotes only include unicellular archaea and bacteria.

Prokaryotic cells can exhibit both asexual and sexual reproduction, whereas eukaryotes only carry out asexual reproduction.

Choose the true statement(s) about protists. Protozoans are multicellular protists. Protists can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic. The term protozoan describes animal-like protists but is not a true taxonomic ranking. Protists only reproduce by asexual means.

Protists can be photosynthetic or heterotrophic. The term protozoan describes animal-like protists but is not a true taxonomic ranking.

____________ are utilized commercially to produce carrageenan and can photosynthesize at depths greater than 10 meters.

Rhodophyta

Which of the following vesicles is incorrectly matched with its function? Secretory vesicles: ferry digestive enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum Transport vesicles: move substances around the cell Peroxisomes: contain enzymes that break down fats and amino acids and protect the cell from hydrogen peroxide Lysosomes: contain hydrolytic enzymes and act as garbage disposal tools for the cell

Secretory vesicles: ferry digestive enzymes to the endoplasmic reticulum

Choose the true statement(s). The four kingdoms of eukaryotes include Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. Protists are strictly unicellular. The four kingdoms of eukaryotes each include members that may conduct sexual and/or asexual reproduction. Kingdom Fungi includes unicellular and multicellular organisms.

The four kingdoms of eukaryotes include Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista. The four kingdoms of eukaryotes each include members that may conduct sexual and/or asexual reproduction. Kingdom Fungi includes unicellular and multicellular organisms.

The structural framework in a cell is the

cytoskeleton

Which of the following organelles breaks down worn-out organelles?

lysosomes

What carries instructions for making proteins from the nucleus into the cytoplasm?

mRNA

Where in a cell is ATP made?

mitochondria

Fungal infections are called

mycoses

Where is the genetic information of the cell stored?

nucleus

You have isolated a new eukaryotic organism which is unicellular and performs photosynthesis. The organism is most likely classified as a(n)

plant-like protista.

What structure acts as a selective barrier, regulating the traffic of materials into and out of the cell?

plasma membrane

Which group is not a kingdom-level classification of eukaryotic organisms? fungi protozoa animals protista plants

protozoa

One of the ways smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) differs from rough endoplasmic reticulum is that rough ER is covered by

ribosomes

Where are lipids made in the cell?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

The rough ER and the smooth ER are distinguished from each other by

the presence or absence of membrane-bound ribosomes.