Microbiology Chapter 1 Questions

Which describes a good hypothesis?

It must be able to be supported or rejected by experimentation.

What is a helminth?

Parasitic Worm

Where are you most likely to find prokaryotes belonging to the domain Archaea?

A hot spring

The study of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms is called?

Bacteriology.

Which cell type is generally larger in size?

Eukaryotic cells

The term ______ refers to a parasitic invertebrate such as a worm.

Helminth

Which of the following human diseases has almost been eradicated?

Polio

The smallest taxonomic category

species

Which of the following genera of microbes has been associated with gastric ulcers?

Helicobacter

A _______ is a tentative explanation of an observation.

hypothesis

The unit of measurement for most bacterial cells is ______ and most viruses is ______.

micrometers; nanometers

Charles Darwin labeled the process of evolution as natural_______

selection

Which of the following diseases has emerged due to human encroaching into new territory and wild habitats? *Lyme disease *Ebola fever *CholeraHantavirus pulmonary syndrome *Influenza

-Ebola fever -Lyme disease -Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

The major types of microorganisms or agents include which of the following?

-Fungi -Viruses -Bacteria -Protozoa -Algae

Microbiology involves the study of microscopic organisms or agents, including which of the following?

-Helminths -Fungi -Viruses -Protozoa -Bacteria

Which of the following are major branches of study in microbiology? (MC) A. Mycology B. Bacteriology C. Zoology D. Virology

-Mycology -Bacteriology -Virology

The five kingdoms of the Whittaker classification are: monera, __________.___________. __________. ___________.

-fungi -protists -plants -animals

Prokaryotic organisms have been around for about how long?

3.5 Billion years

When people travel disease can spread. Which is the current mode of travel that is likely to be a big factor in the next pandemic?

Airplane

Which photosynthetic single-celled or multicellular microorganisms are often found in aquatic environments?

Algae

Who developed the first single-lens microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Which of the following microorganisms represent prokaryotic cell types? A. Protists B. Bacteria C. Algae D. Viruses

Bacteria

_____and ______ are microbes that live in complex associations with plants to assist them in obtaining water and nutrients.

Bacteria and Fungi

The scientist(s) that proposed assigning organisms to one of three domains is/are

Carl Woese and George Fox.

Humans belong the the Phylum _____ and Class _____

Chordata, Mammalia

All of the following are correct about prokaryotes, except A. they are smaller than eukaryotes. B. they lack a nucleus. C. they are less complex than eukaryotes. D. they have organelles. E. they are found nearly everywhere.

D. they have organelles.

You identify a new species of microorganism in an undersea thermal vent. The microbe is a single cell organism that lacks a nucleus. Which Domain would you classify your new species as belonging to?

Domain Archaea

The theory of __________ states that living things change gradually over time through natural selection.

Evolution

Chlamydia infections has been linked to which of the following conditions?

Female infertility

Which scientist discovered heat-resistant endospores?

Ferdinand Cohn

Which type of organism can derive all of the nutrients and factors it requires from the environment in order to reproduce?

Free-living organism

__________are heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organisms including yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.

Fungi

Which were some of the first organisms genetically engineered? (Multiple select question). *Fungi *Viruses *Bacteria *Helminths

Fungi Bacteria

Which group of microorganisms includes the parasitic worms?

Helminths

Humans and apes belong to the Family

Hominoidea

Which term defines the organism in/on which smaller organisms (or viruses) live, feed, and reproduce?

Host

Which activity is an example of biotechnology?

Humans use yeast to make beer and wine.

Which of the following branches of Microbiology is utilized in diagnosing or treating someone who has broken out in hives and is experiencing respiratory distress due to an exposure to a microbial toxin?

Immunology

It is observed that several family members have a blood condition called hemophilia. This may lead to the general idea that this condition is inheritable. This is an example of which of the following?

Inductive reasoning

Taxonomy does not involve

Koch's postulates

The formal system of organizing, classifying, and naming living things was started by what scientists?

Linnaeus

Who first promoted the use of disinfecting agents in surgical operating rooms?

Lister

Who was instrumental in disproving the idea of abiogenesis?

Louis Pasteur

________is a specialized area of biology that deals with living things ordinarily too small to be seen without magnification.

Microbiology

A prokaryotic microorganism in which of the following kingdoms using the Whittaker system of classification?

Monera

What derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process?

Parasite

_______is the study simple photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms, the algae.

Phycology

Which type of microorganism lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and most membrane-bound organelles? A. Prokaryotic B. Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

In Whittaker's system, the protozoa and algae are classified in the kingdom

Protista.

________are the group of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that lack a cell wall.

Protozoa

What is the study of protozoa?

Protozoology

_______DNA technology is used to switch genetic material from one organism to another in order to produce desirable proteins.

Recombinant

Which scientist showed that anthrax was caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis?

Robert Koch

Which of the following human diseases has been eradicated?

Smallpox

MRSA is a drug-resistant strain of which of the following bacteria?

Staphylococcus aureus

_______is the science of organizing, classifying and naming living things.

Taxonomy

Which event helped establish the science of microbiology?

The development of the microscope

T/F Diseases, including some cancers, which were once considered noninfectious are now known to involve microbial infection.

True

T/F- Microorganisms are found in all natural habitats, such as deep beneath the polar ice caps and hot springs, as well as, in most artificial habitats including toxic waste dumps.

True

What is the study of viruses?

Virology

What microbe is not cellular (acellular) and is composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat?

Virus

The common cold and AIDS are caused by which type of microbe?

Viruses

Which are the most common microbes on earth?

Viruses

Koch's postulates are criteria used to establish that?

a specific microbe is the cause of a specific disease.

A_____ is a complex network of microbes and their secretions that form in most natural environments.

biofilms

Grouping organisms based on their evolutionary relationships is the process of __________, which is part of taxonomy.

classification

The microorganisms that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and wastes are called?

decomposers.

A scientist studying similarities in the sequence of nucleotides in rRNA of two bacterial species is working on

determining evolutionary relatedness.

"A(n) __________ disease is a new disease being reported in increasing numbers within the population while a(n) __________ disease is a disease which has existed in the past but is currently seeing increasing numbers of cases."

emerging; re-emerging

Thinking of the two major cell types in the world: a(n) _____ cell contains organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. However, these organelles are not found in _____ cells.

eukaryotic, prokaryotic

"Greenhouse ____such as carbon dioxide and ______are produced by microbes.

gases, methane

With _________reasoning, one applies specific observations to develop a general explanation.

inductive

Numerous cases of microcephaly have been observed in the newborn babies of women who were infected with Zika virus during pregnancy. This led to the proposed hypothesis that Zika virus was causing the birth defects. This is an example of?

inductive reasoning.

The study of molds, fungi, and yeast is called _______.

mycology

A microbial pathogen is considered a(n) ______because it derives benefits from its host and harms its host in the process.

parasite

Microbiology has many branches of study, including_____ which is the study of pathogenic protozoa, helminth worms, and certain insects..

parasitology

A(n) _______ is the term used for any infectious agent that causes disease, such as parasites, bacteria, and viruses.

pathogen

Disease-causing microorganisms are called

pathogens

While the vast majority of microorganisms are not harmful to humans, those that are are referred to as

pathogens.

Joseph Lister typically used the disinfectant,_________ , prior to performing surgery.

phenol or carbolic acid

The study of evolutionary relationships among organisms is called?

phylogeny.

Viral particles are usually _____ than prokaryotic cells. *smaller *larger

smaller

A _______environment is free of actively growing cells, microorganisms, viruses or endospores.

sterile

Some strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to so many antibiotics that it has become known as a(n)

superbug

Following binomial nomenclature, which of the following makes up the scientific name of an organism?

the genus name and then the species name

True or false: Microbes can be found in the Antarctic.

true

True or false: When writing a binomial name, the initial letter of the genus is capitalized and the species is in lower case.

true

Microorganisms are ________meaning they are found in all natural habitats as well as in most artificial habitats created by humans.

ubiquitous