microbiology - chapter 11

Pseudomonas

A bacterium isolated from the soil has the following characteristics: it is a gram-negative straight rod, it is aerobic and motile, it produces water-soluble pigment, and it readily grows on several common laboratory media. Ribosomal RNA analysis places this bacterium with the gammaproteobacteria. This organism is most likely in the genus __________. Vibrio Pseudomonas Legionella Bacillus Haemophilus

spirochaetes

A new microorganism has been discovered that resides in the mouths of dogs. This microorganism lacks a nucleus, has a cell wall consisting of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide, is shaped like a corkscrew, and is motile by means of an axial filament. This organism is most likely related to __________. spirochaetes pseudomonadales alphaproteobacteria Acidithiobacillus actinobacteria

false

Actinobacteria are primarily gram-negative bacteria. T/F

Borrelia

All of the following can form filaments EXCEPT __________. Streptomyces Nocardia Borrelia Mycoplasma Actinomyces

have axial filaments

Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a spirochete similar to the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema. Both bacteria __________. have axial filaments have flagella make endospores are gram-positive

true

Both Acidithiobacillus and Nitrobacter are chemoautotrophs. T/F

ability to reduce sulfur

Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Azomonas share which of the following? human pathogenicity nitrogen-fixing ability ability to reduce sulfur ability to conduct photosynthesis

Streptomyces

Because of their commercial value as a source of antibiotics, over 500 species of the genus __________ have been described.

have axial filaments

Borrelia, the causative agent of Lyme disease, is a spirochete similar to the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema. Both bacteria __________.

Streptomyces

Due their commercial value as a source of antibiotics, over 500 species of the genus __________ have been described.

intestinal tract of an animal

Enteric bacteria would most likely be found in which environment? warm, tropical soil unpasteurized milk and apple juice human skin aquatic environments intestinal tract of an animal

facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative rods

Enterics are __________. anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that cause disease anaerobic bacteria facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative rods Gram-positive bacteria found in humans

gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals

Enterics are __________. gram-positive bacteria found in humans gram-negative facultative anaerobes that are found in the intestines of animals strictly anaerobic, gram-negative bacteria that always cause disease strictly aerobic bacteria

elementary

For reproduction in Chlamydia, the bacterial cells are released from host cells as __________ bodies.

Actinobacteria

Gram-positive bacteria with a high G + C content are in the phylum __________.

true

Legionella, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Haemophilus, and Enterobacter are in the same class of proteobacteria. T/F

enterics

Members of the order Enterobacteriales are commonly referred to as the __________.

halophiles

Prokaryotes that thrive in high salt concentrations are called __________.

photosynthetic

Proteobacteria are believed to have evolved from a common __________ ancestor.

are obligate intracellular parasites

Rickettsias are different from most other bacteria in that they __________. lack cell walls are gram-positive are obligate intracellular parasites require other bacteria to help them reproduce

serovars

Salmonella enterica is divided into many groups or "varieties," known as __________, based on serological tests.

produce asexual reproductive spores

Some actinomycetes are similar to filamentous fungi because they __________. live in a freshwater environment have chitin in their cell walls produce asexual reproductive spores have a prokaryotic cell structure have a similar filament diameter

form nodules in plant roots that allow nitrogen fixation

Some members of the genus Rhizobium are notable for their ability to __________. produce antibiotics remove nitrogen from soil form nodules in plant roots that allow nitrogen fixation form endospores colonize solutions with low nitrogen content

beta

Streptococci that produce a hemolysin causing a clear zone around colonies grown on blood agar are known as __________-hemolytic streptococci.

Spirillum; axial filaments

Which organism is NOT correctly matched to its motility? Proteus; flagella Spirillum; axial filaments spirochetes; axial filaments Myxococcus; gliding motility motile cyanobacteria; gliding motility

degenerative evolution

The Mycoplasmas appear to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria that have lost the genes that encode enzymes for peptidoglycan production. This evolutionary loss of genetic material is known as __________. (2 words)

gammaproteobacteria

The __________ constitute the largets subgroup of the proteobacteria.

oxygen

The cyanobacteria are believed to have played a key role in changing Earth's atmosphere because of their production of __________.

Reticulate body

The form of Chlamydia that is capable of binary fission is called the Elementary body Vacuole Reticulate body None of these

false

The human intestinal tract contains enteric bacteria but is an unlikely environment in which to find Bacteroides. T/F

true

The human intestinal tract contains enteric bacteria but is an unlikely environment in which to find Pseudomonas. T/F

proteobacteria

The largest taxonomic group (phylum) of bacteria is the __________, which includes most of the gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic bacteria.

degenerative evolution

The mycoplasmas appear to have evolved from gram-positive bacteria that have lost the genes that encode enzymes for peptidoglycan production. This evolutionary loss of genetic material is known as __________. (two words)

Clostridium perfringens

Which organism is an obligate anaerobe? Bacillus anthracis Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Clostridium perfringens

Cyanobacteria deposit sulfur derived from the splitting of hydrogen sulfide outside of the cells.

Which answer is NOT true of bacterial photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic bacteria? Some photosynthetic bacteria are also capable of chemoheterotrophic growth. Cyanobacteria carry out the photosynthetic process similar to the way plants and algae do. Some photosynthetic bacteria are anaerobes. Cyanobacteria deposit sulfur derived from the splitting of hydrogen sulfide outside of the cells. Green nonsulfur bacteria use organic compounds as the source of electrons for reduction of carbon dioxide.

Cyanobacteria deposit sulfur derived from the splitting of hydrogen sulfide outside of the cells.

Which answer is NOT true of bacterial photosynthesis and/or photosynthetic bacteria? Some photosynthetic bacteria are also capable of chemoheterotrophic growth. Some photosynthetic bacteria are anaerobes. Cyanobacteria deposit sulfur derived from the splitting of hydrogen sulfide outside of the cells. Cyanobacteria carry out the photosynthetic process similar to the way plants and algae do. Green non-sulfur bacteria use organic compounds as the source of electrons for reduction of carbon dioxide.

nongonococcal urethritis

Which disease is caused by a bacterium that does NOT have peptidoglycan in its cell wall? rheumatic fever cholera Rocky Mountain spotted fever nongonococcal urethritis

deltaproteobacteria

Which group of bacteria is known for containing organisms that are predators on other bacteria? deltaproteobacteria cyanobacteria gammaproteobacteria Firmicutes

They reproduce by fragmentation.

Which is NOT true of the rickettsias? They are classified as alpha-proteobacteria. They reproduce by fragmentation. They are typically transmitted by insects and ticks. They are obligate intracellular parasites. They can cause human diseases often characterized by a rash.

Legionella

Which member of the gammaproteobacteria is a potential cause of pneumonia and can be found in warm-water supply lines and air conditioning cooling towers? mycoplasma Klebsiella Legionella Coxiella Salmonella

Neisseria; gram-positive coccus

Which of the following bacteria are INCORRECTLY matched with gram reaction and morphology? Bacillus; gram-positive rod Streptococcus; gram-positive coccus Staphylococcus; gram-positive coccus Shigella; gram-negative rod Neisseria; gram-positive coccus

Helicobacter

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? Leptospira Borrelia Helicobacter Treponema

Vibrio All others belong to the Enterobacteriales (enterics).

Which of the following bacteria does NOT belong with the others? Serratia Klebsiella Salmonella Vibrio

Nitrobacter

Which of the following bacteria does NOT fix nitrogen? some cyanobacteria Azotobacter Rhizobium Azospirillum Nitrobacter

Listeria

Which of the following genera contains organisms that are psychrotrophic? Streptococcus Staphylococcus Bacillus Listeria

Thiomargarita

Which of the following is NOT a member of Domain Archaea? Methanobacterium Sulfolobus Thiomargarita Halobacterium Halococcus

Bacillus

Which of the following is an endospore-forming bacterium? Corynebacterium Bacillus Nocardia Streptomyces Streptococcus

Helicobacter

Which of the following is an example of a helical bacterium that does NOT make a complete twist? Yersinia Klebsiella Serratia Helicobacter Treponema

Bacillus species

Which of the following organisms produce endospores? Escherichia species Salmonella species Bacillus species Listeria species

e. spirochete—Helicobacter

Which of the following pairs is mismatched? a. anaerobic endospore-forming gram-positive rods—Clostridium b. facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods—Escherichia c. facultatively anaerobic gram-negative rods—Shigella d. pleomorphic gram-positive rods—Corynebacterium e. spirochete—Helicobacter

It is aerobic.

Which of the following statements concerning Mycobacterium tuberculosis is true? It grows very quickly. It is very sensitive to environmental stresses, such as drying. It is aerobic. It lacks a cell wall.

The bacteria can metabolize a wide variety of substrates.

Which of the following statements concerning Pseudomonas is true? This genus does not contain any pathogens. The bacteria produce endospores. The bacteria can metabolize a wide variety of substrates. The bacteria are gram-positive.

Pelagibacter's photosynthetic capability makes it a key producer in marine ecosystems.

Which of the following statements is NOT true for Pelagibacter? Pelagibacter has a small genome. Pelagibacter are free-living bacteria. Pelagibacter has very small cells, just within the resolving capability of most light microscopes. Pelagibacter is one of the most abundant microorganisms in the marine environment. Pelagibacter's photosynthetic capability makes it a key producer in marine ecosystems.

They are obligate intracellular pathogens.

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the genus Mycoplasma ? They may produce filaments that resemble fungi. They are highly pleomorphic. They are genetically related to gram-positive bacteria. They are obligate intracellular pathogens. They are unusually small bacteria.

They do not perform aerobic or anaerobic respiration.

Which of the following statements is true of members of the order Lactobacillales? They are obligate anaerobes. They can grow only in dark environments. They do not perform aerobic or anaerobic respiration. They are all rod-shaped. They are all gram-negative.

Corynebacterium All other organisms belong to the Firmicutes.

Which of these bacteria does NOT belong with the others? Listeria Corynebacterium Streptococcus Staphylococcus

cyanobacteria These organisms are different because they perform oxygenic photosynthesis.

Which of these bacteria does NOT belong with the others? cyanobacteria green sulfur bacteria purple nonsulfur bacteria green nonsulfur bacteria

Erwinia

Which of these bacteria is NOT associated with foodborne illness? Erwinia Shigella Campylobacter Salmonella Staphylococcus aureus

Neisseria

Which of these bacteria is NOT in the phylum Actinobacteria? Mycobacterium Actinomyces Streptomyces Neisseria Corynebacterium

Myxococcales reproduces by the formation of spores.

Which of these statements is true of the Myxococcales life cycle? Myxococcales reproduces by the formation of spores. All of these statements are true. Myxococcales reproduces by budding. Myxococcales reproduces by binary fission.

false

Zoogloea is a bacterium that interferes with the successful operation of sewage treatment. T/F

PCR

can be used to uncover the presence of bacteria that can' t be cultured in the lab