Microbiology-Chapter 12 Homework

Preventing virus maturation Barring virus penetration into host cell Blocking virus transcription and translation

Identify the three major modes of action of antiviral drugs.

fibroblasts and leukocytes

Interferon is produced primarily by____________and_________________in response to various immune stimuli.

Kidneys

Nephrotoxic drugs are toxic to which of the following?

Broad-spectrum

Use of which type of antibiotic can have far reaching affects on beneficial resident species?

It prevents host cells from producing active viruses.

What is the mechanism of action of Tamiflu?

To destroy the infective agent without harming the patient

What is the overall goal of antimicrobial chemotherapy?

Superinfection

When antimicrobial therapy destroys beneficial resident microbes and allows an overgrowth of drug-resistant microorganisms, it is called which of the following?

Xofluza

Which anti-influenza medication blocks the initiation of viral RNA synthesis?

broad spectrum

Which describes the spectrum of activity of the tetracyclines?

Cycloserine Vancomycin Ampicillin

Which of the following antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?

Microbicidal Inexpensive Selective toxicity to infecting agent Longevity

Which of the following are characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial drug?

Cell wall Nucleic acids Cell membrane Ribosomes

Which of the following are primary sites for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria?

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following broad-spectrum antibiotics has limited use because it can lead to aplastic anemia?

Converts RNA to DNA

Reverse transcriptase is a retroviral enzyme that does which of the following?

Leprosy Tuberculosis

Rifampin figures most prominently in the treatment of which two of the following diseases?

Gram-positive bacteria

Rifampin is used mainly to treat infections caused by which of the following?

Interferon

Which of the following is a normal human glycoprotein produced in response to immune stimuli and can be used therapeutically to fight viruses and cancer?

Antibiotic

Which of the following is a substance produced by natural metabolic processes of some microorganisms that can inhibit or kill other microorganisms?

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following is limited to treating rickettsial and chlamydial infections when an alternative therapy is unavailable?

Replaces host's own defenses

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an ideal antimicrobial drug?

Mitochondria

Which of the following is not a primary site for action of antimicrobial drugs in bacteria?

natural selection

Which term describes the process of some microbes dying while others live in the presence of antimicrobial agents?

False

True or false: Natural selection for drug-resistant forms of bacteria is rare.

reverse transcriptase

A viral enzyme that converts single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA is called

Cell wall construction

Cell wall inhibitors like penicillins and cephalosporins interfere with enzymes responsible for which of the following?

mutations or mutation

Drug resistance occurs with spontaneous__________________or gene transfer from another species.

negative

The outer membrane of some Gram-________________bacteria act as natural barriers to some drugs.

Ribosome

The tetracyclines bind to which of the following structures?

drug resistance

The tolerance of an antimicrobial agent at a level which would normally be inhibitory is called which of the following?

true

True or false: Most tissues are susceptible to adverse effects caused by the use of antimicrobial therapy.

True

True or false: Antiviral drugs prevent penetration into a host cell, block transcription and translation, and prevent maturation of viral particles.

False

True or false: Drug resistance only arises from an organism gaining the genetic information for the resistance from another organism.

True

True or false: Microorganisms that produce antibiotics in their natural habitat may have a selective advantage over neighboring microbes.

antimicrobial

chemotherapy is the use of chemotherapeutic drugs to control infections and diseases caused by many types of microorganisms.