Microbiology: Chapter 23

The bacterium ________ adheres to and grows on teeth, contributing to dental plaque formation. A) Streptococcus mutans B) Streptococcus agalactiae C) viridians streptococci D) Porphyromonas gingivalis E) Enterobacter

A) Streptococcus mutans

The bacterium ________ adheres to and grows on teeth, contributing to dental plaque formation. A) Streptococcus mutans B) Streptococcus agalactiae C) viridians streptococci D) Porphyromonas gingivalis E) Enterobacter

A) Streptococcus mutans

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is primarily associated with which of the following foods? A) ground beef B) dairy products C) eggs D) fomites E) pork

A) ground beef

Urease is an important virulence factor of which of the following? A) Shigella dysenteriae B) Vibrio cholerae C) Helicobacter pylori D) Porphyromonas gingivalis E) Escherichia coli

C) Helicobacter pylori

T/F All regions of the digestive system have extensive microbiota.

FALSE

T/F Cholera toxin is composed of five A subunits and one B subunit.

FALSE

T/F Vomiting is a common sign of viral gastroenteritis.

FALSE

A young woman being treated for serious burns develops severe diarrhea accompanied by intense abdominal pain. She passes several watery, foul-smelling, bloody stools a day. A colonoscopy reveals patches of yellowish lesions in the large intestine. The probable causative agent is A)Giardia intestinails B) Clostridium difficile C) Campylobacter D) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhil E)Vibrio cholera

B) Clostridium difficile

What member of the human intestinal microbiota occasionally causes life-threatening disease? A) Escherichia coli O157:H7 B) Clostridium difficile C) Salmonella enterica D) Giardia intestinalis E) Lactobacillus

B) Clostridium difficile

A young woman being treated for serious burns develops severe diarrhea accompanied by intense abdominal pain. She passes several watery, foul-smelling, bloody stools a day. A colonoscopy reveals patches of yellowish lesions in the large intestine. The probable causative agent is A) Giardia intestinalis. B) Clostridium difficile. C) Campylobacter. D) Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. E) Vibrio cholerae.

B) Clostridium difficile.

The intracellular parasite usually acquired in contaminated drinking water that causes a persistent watery diarrhea is A) hepatitis A virus. B) Cryptosporidium parvum. C) Entamoeba histolytica. D) Vibrio cholerae. E) norovirus.

B) Cryptosporidium parvum.

Which of the following is a common childhood parasite in the United States? A) Taenia solium B) Enterobius vermicularis C) Entamoeba histolytica D) Cryptosporidium parvum E) Giardia intestinalis

B) Enterobius vermicularis

Care in the handling and disposal of diapers in day care centers may prevent the spread of which of the following? A) hepatitis A virus B) Giardia intestinalis C) Salmonella enterica D) Cryptosporidium parvum E) norovirus

B) Giardia intestinalis

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to Entamoeba histolytica? A) It reproduces by schizogony. B) It may invade the peritoneal cavity, causing serious disease. C) It causes a form of hepatitis. D) It is an intracellular parasite. E) An effective vaccine against infection is available.

B) It may invade the peritoneal cavity, causing serious disease.

Where in a tapeworm would you expect to find fertilized eggs? A) the neck region of the strobila B) at the end of the strobila C) inside the scolex D) outside the cuticle E) in all proglottids

B) at the end of the strobila

Human infestation with Taenia saginata results from ingesting ________ in undercooked intermediate host. A) scolex B) cysticerci C) proglottids D) eggs E) cysts

B) cysticerci

A man reports to his doctor that he is tired all the time and his urine has become darker in color. He has not experienced fever or vomiting recently. The physician notes that his eyes are yellowish and his abdomen is swollen and tender. The man has a history of kidney transplant. The man may be infected with A) hepatitis A virus. B) hepatitis C virus. C) norovirus. D) Shigella. E) Entamoeba histolytica

B) hepatitis C virus.

Of the following, who is most likely to develop a chronic infection with hepatitis B virus? A) children between the ages of 2 and 12 B) newborns C) females at puberty D) young adults E) the elderly

B) newborns

The viruses responsible for the majority of infant deaths resulting from diarrhea in the world are the A) noroviruses. B) rotaviruses. C) caliciviruses. D) astroviruses. E) hepaciviruses.

B) rotaviruses.

Where in the digestive tract does most of the absorption of nutrients take place? A) the large intestine B) the small intestine C) the rectum D) the stomach E) the esophagus

B) the small intestine

Where in the digestive tract does most of the absorption of nutrients take place? A) the large intestine B) the small intestine C) the rectum D) the stomach E) the esophagus

B) the small intestine

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to oral herpes? A) Lesions become more severe with each recurrence. B) Ninety percent of all cases are caused by human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2). C) Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes. D) Primary infections are usually characterized by severe lesions. E) There is an effective cure for oral herpes.

C) Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes.

Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to oral herpes? A) Primary infections are usually characterized by severe lesions. B) Lesions become more severe with each recurrence. C) Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes. D) Ninety percent of all cases are caused by human herpesvirus 2 (HHV-2) E) There is an effective cure for oral herpes

C) Lesions can be triggered by emotional stress or physiologic changes.

Which of the following conditions usually results in severe acute liver damage? A) co-infection with hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses B) superinfection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses C) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses D) superinfection with hepatitis A and hepatitis E viruses E) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses

C) co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis delta viruses

A large number of people in a community experience diarrhea with fever. Public health authorities investigate and find that the people are passing dark urine, and some have yellowish skin. Furthermore, all of the affected individuals recently ate at a new restaurant in town known for its wide variety of fresh imported vegetables. Which of the following is the most likely causative agent? A) Escherichia coli O157:H7 B) Salmonella enterica C) hepatitis A virus D) hepatitis E virus E) norovirus

C) hepatitis A virus

Accessory organ infections are caused by A) human herpesvirus 1. B) norovirus. C) mumps virus. D) rotavirus. E) enterovirus.C) mumps virus.

C) mumps virus.

Porphyromonas gingivalis contributes to the development of A) gastroenteritis. B) typhoid fever. C) periodontitis. D) food poisoning. E) hepatitis.

C) periodontitis.

Observation of the specimens in the figure is diagnostic for A) anisakiasis. B) amebiasis. C) pinworms. D) giardiasis. E) tapeworms.

C) pinworms.

Intermediate hosts become infested with tapeworms through ingestion of A) cysticerci. B) gravid proglottids. C) tapeworm eggs. D) mature tapeworms. E) tapeworm larvae.

C) tapeworm eggs.

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system. A) esophagus B) stomach C) tongue D) duodenum E) anus

C) tongue

Which of the following is a fungus that commonly lives in the large intestine? A) Bacteroides B) Escherichia C) Campylobacter D) Candida E) Lactobacillus

D) Candida

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is A) Salmonella enterica B) Giardia intestinal C) Cryptosporidium parvum D) Escherichia coli. E) Shigella flexneri

D) Escherichia coli.

The most common cause of traveler's diarrhea is A) Salmonella enterica. B) Giardia intestinalis. C) Cryptosporidium parvum. D) Escherichia coli. E) Shigella flexneri.

D) Escherichia coli.

Urease is an important virulence factor of which of the following? A) Porphyromonas gingivalis B) Vibrio cholerae C) Escherichia coli O157:H7 D) Helicobacter pylori E) Shigella dysenteriae

D) Helicobacter pylori

Which of the following is a notable symptom of giardiasis? A) "rice-water" stools B) irritability and sleep disturbance C) jaundice D) foul-smelling "rotten egg" stools E) dysentery

D) foul-smelling "rotten egg" stools

Shigellosis can be differentiated from salmonellosis by the fact that Shigella A) stimulates intestinal epithelial cells to phagocytize it. B) multiplies in phagocytic vesicles. C) kills host cells. D) multiplies in the host cell's cytosol. E) causes severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever.

D) multiplies in the host cell's cytosol.

Which of the following is the major sign or symptom of mumps? A) diarrhea B) nausea and vomiting C) deafness D) parotitis E) difficulty in breathing

D) parotitis

The primary treatment for viral gastroenteritis is A) fever reducers. B) antiviral medications. C) antitoxins. D) rehydration therapy. E) antidiarrheal medication.

D) rehydration therapy.

Staphylococcal food poisoning is called an intoxication disorder because A) toxic bacteria are ingested in the food. B) the bacteria produce type III secretion system toxins. C) affected people appear drunk. D) toxins produced by the bacteria growing in the food are ingested along with the food. E) the bacteria release toxins when they are digested.

D) toxins produced by the bacteria growing in the food are ingested along with the food.

Peritonitis may develop in severe cases of A) giardiasis. B) hepatitis. C) pinworm infestation. D) typhoid. E) peptic ulcer disease.

D) typhoid.

Eating sashimi (uncooked fish) is a risk factor for infection with A) Entamoeba histolytica. B) Taenia saginata. C) Giardia intestinalis. D) Enterobius vermicularis. E) Anisakis simplex.

E) Anisakis simplex.

The most common bacterial cause of diarrhea that sends people to doctors in the United States is A) Salmonella. B) Staphylococcus. C) Vibrio. D) Escherichia. E) Campylobacter.

E) Campylobacter.

Diagnosis of hepatitis B infection is made by the observation of which of the following in the patient's body fluids? A) O antigens B) enterotoxins C) endospores D) oocysts E) Dane particles

E) Dane particles

Which of the following produce the type III secretion system virulence factor? A) E. coli O157:H7 B) Shigella C) Salmonella D) both E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella E) E. coli O157:H7, Shigella and Salmonella

E) E. coli O157:H7, Shigella and Salmonella

Most peptic ulcers are the result of colonization of the stomach by A) Vibrio cholerae. B) Escherichia coli O157:H7. C) Shigella dysenteriae. D) Salmonella enterica. E) Helicobacter pylori.

E) Helicobacter pylori.

The major symptoms of cholera are attributable to which of the following? A) production of urease B) activity of a type III secretion system C) cessation of protein synthesis in host cells D) death of cells lining the intestinal tract E) activation of adenylate cyclase

E) activation of adenylate cyclase

Chronic infection with ________ may progress to hepatic cancer. A) HAV B) HBV C) HCV D) HEV E) both HBV and HCV

E) both HBV and HCV

Infection with some Salmonella enterica serotypes can progress to typhoid fever when the bacteria A) attach to cells of the small intestine. B) induce endocytosis by intestinal cells. C) reproduce within cells of the small intestine. D) produce type III secretion system proteins. E) enter the blood and are engulfed by phagocytes.

E) enter the blood and are engulfed by phagocytes.

The virulence factor of Vibrio cholera, which is primarily responsible for the signs and symptoms of cholera, is A) the presence of polar flagella. B) its ability to survive in freshwater. C) its ability to form biofilms in saltwater. D) its activation of certain genes within the human body. E) its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.

E) its ability to produce a potent exotoxin.

Shigellosis can be differentiated from salmonellosis by the fact that Shigella A) kills host cells B) causes severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and fever C) stimulates intestinal epithelial cells to phagocytize it D) multiplies in phagocytic vesicles E) multiplies in the host cell's cytosol

E) multiplies in the host cell's cytosol

T/F Complete recovery from hepatitis A infection occurs 99% of the time.

TRUE

T/F Dysentery is a severe type of gastroenteritis in which stools contain mucus and blood.

TRUE

T/F Invasive extraintestinal amebiasis is the most severe type of Entamoeba histolytica infection.

TRUE

T/F Marine mammals are the normal host for Anisakis simplex adults.

TRUE

T/F Salmonella is part of the normal microbiota of virtually all vertebrates except humans.

TRUE

T/F Supportive care is the only treatment for staphylococcal food poisoning.

TRUE

T/F The small intestine is the site of the majority of nutrient digestion and absorption.

TRUE