Microbiology chapter 3

What percentage of agar is typically added to nutrient broth to make nutrient agar? Multiple choice question. 6% to 10% 1% to 5% 15% to 25% Excess of 25%

1% to 5%

Phase-contrast microscopy compared to bright-field microscopy gives which of the following? Multiple choice question. Only external cell detail Less internal detail of the cell About the same amount of cell structure detail Greater internal detail of the cell

Greater internal detail of the cell

A fluorescent microscope uses which of the following to view a specimen? Visible light An electron beam An atomic probe Ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet light

The color-bearing portion of a dye is termed the ____________ and has a charge that attracts it to certain cell parts bearing the opposite charge.

chromophore

The condenser converges (focuses) light to a single point on the specimen in a ____________ microscope.

compound

A scanning _____________ microscope uses a laser beam of light to scan various depths in a specimen.

confocal

Which of the following microscopes uses a laser beam? Bright-field Interference Confocal Fluorescence

confocal

The ______________ _____________ contrast microscope produces well-defined images that are vividly colored and appear three-dimensional.

differential interference

Media that allows the growth of multiple types of microbes but are designed to distinguish characteristics among members of the culture are called which of the following? Multiple choice question. Specific media Differential media Special media Selective media

differential media

_____________ staining is designed to distinguish between spores stained with malachite green and the vegetative cells from which they are produced.

endospore or Spore

______________ is the ability of a microscope to make objects appear enlarged.

magnification

Different types of culture ____________ provide nutrients for microbial growth.

media

A culture is a container that holds two or more easily differentiated species of microorganisms.

mixed or mix

Which of the following is an example of semisoild agar? Multiple choice question. Nutrient broth Urea broth Nutrient agar Motility agar

motility agar

The resolving power of a microscope is calculated by dividing the wavelength of light by double the _______________ of the objective lens. Multiple choice question. magnification power length refraction numerical aperture

numerical aperture

Fluid thioglycollate is a slightly viscous broth used to determine patterns of microbial growth in which gas? Multiple choice question. Nitrogen Hydrogen sulfide Oxygen Carbon dioxide Hydrogen

oxygen

____________ stains require only a single dye.

Simple

The numerical aperture in the oil immersion lens is approximately which of the following? Multiple choice question. 1.00 0.75 1.25 0.50

1.25

What concentration of gelatin should be added to broth to make a solid medium for bacterial growth? Multiple choice question. 20-25% 10-15% 1.0-1.5% Greater than 25%

10-15%

If the ocular is a 10X lens and the nosepiece objective happens to be a 10X objective, then what is the total magnification? Multiple choice question. 100X 1X 10X 20X 1000x

100X

Magnification of an object or specimen by a compound microscope occurs in how many phases?

2

What are the usual temperatures that are used in the laboratory to propagate microorganisms? Multiple choice question. 20ο-40ο C 40ο-60ο C 0ο-20ο C 60ο-80ο C

20 to 40 C

Once liquefied, agar does not resolidify until it cools to what temperature? Multiple choice question. 75οC 60οC 42οC 100οC

42οC

Resolution is the ability of a microscope to do which of the following? Multiple choice question. Magnify an image large enough to view with the naked eye Provide a real image to the eye in the ocular lens Use electrons to provide clarity of a very small organism Accurately distinguish between two separate entities

Accurately distinguish between two separate entities

.Select all that apply To be effective, a microscope must have which of the following characteristics? Multiple select question. Adequate magnification Resolution UV fluorescence capabilities Clarity of image

Adequate magnification Resolution Clarity of image

Identify the polysaccharide found in seaweed that is commonly used to prepare solid culture media. Multiple choice question. Gelatin Starch Agar Peptone

Agar

____________ is a solidifying agent used in media that melts at 100°C and does not resolidify until it reaches 42°C.

Agar

Which immunological compounds can be used in conjunction with fluorescent dyes to better visualize microorganisms? Multiple choice question. Complement proteins Neutrophils T cells Antibodies

Antibodies

Which are correct regarding the six "I"s used for culturing microorganisms? Multiple select question. The process is a progression of steps that must be followed in order. Reason: The steps do not have to be followed in order. The six "I"s always begin with inoculation. Aseptic technique should be maintained. It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification.

Aseptic technique should be maintained. It is important to work with a pure culture for proper identification.

the selective agent in MacConkey Agar is ____________ salts.

BILE

Identify the selective agent in EMB agar. Multiple choice question. Bile salts Crystal violet Vinegar Safranin

Bile salts

Which is a common component found in feces and, therefore, used in media to selectively culture Gram-negative bacteria? Multiple choice question. Crystal violet Malachite green Vinegar Bile salts

Bile salts

Which tests determine the fundamental chemical characteristics of microbes such as presence of enzymes? Multiple choice question. Macroscopic Genetic Biochemical Microscopic

Biochemical

_____________ dyes have a positive charge, whereas ____________ dyes have a negative charge.

Blank 1: Cationic or Basic Blank 2: Anionic or Acidic

______________ - _____________ microscopy is most effectively used to visualize living cells that would be distorted by drying or heat.

Blank 1: Dark Blank 2: field

____________, ______________ or resolution defines the capacity of an optical system to distinguish tow adjacent objects or points from one another.

Blank 1: Resolving Blank 2: power

The _____________ ____________ contrast microscope produces well-defined images that are vividly colored and appear three-dimensional.

Blank 1: differential Blank 2: interference

The contrast microscope produces well-defined images that are vividly colored and appear three-dimensional.

Blank 1: differential Blank 2: interference

The is a mathematical constant derived from the physical structure of the lens of a microscope.

Blank 1: numerical Blank 2: aperture

VBNC is the abbreviation for ____________ but _____________ and may describe most of the microbes in the environment.

Blank 1: viable Blank 2: nonculturable

Select all that apply Identify which of the following media are considered nonsynthetic media? Multiple select question. Blood agar Brain heart infusion media Minimal media for fungi

Blood agar Brain heart infusion media

Which of the following wavelengths should give the best resolution? Multiple choice question. Blue Yellow Red Green

Blue

Which type of microscope forms its image when light is transmitted through a specimen? Multiple choice question. Dark-field microscope Phase-contrast microscope Bright-field microscope

Bright-field microscope

Which of the following microscopes provide detailed views of unstained, live specimens? Multiple select question. Bright-field microscope Differential interference microscope Electron microscope Dark-field microscope Phase-contrast microscope

Bright-field microscope Differential interference microscope Dark-field microscope Phase-contrast microscope

How much resolution can an electron microscope obtain (i.e. what can it see)? Dark-field microscopes can magnify better. Can see structures as small as 100 nm Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm Can see structures as small as 0.5 mm

Can see structures as small as 0.5 nm

______________ staining is designed to observe the unstructured protective layer surrounding some bacteria and fungi.

Capsule, Negative, or Capsular

Negative staining of a cell can yield results concerning which of the following? Multiple select question. Cell size The presence of flagella Cell shape and arrangement The presence of a capsule The type of cell wall

Cell size Cell shape and arrangement The presence of a capsule

All of the following apply to the loop dilution and pour plate method except which one? Multiple choice question. The number of cells is reduced in each liquid agar tube. Cells have ample space to grow into discrete colonies. Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates. Colonies grow on the surface and within the medium.

Colonies grow only on the surface of the plates.

Which of the following is the defining difference between compound microscopes and simple microscopes? Compound microscopes have an "arm". Compound microscopes have multiple lenses. Compound microscopes have two stage adjustment knobs. Compound microscopes have an iris diaphragm.

Compound microscopes have multiple lenses.

Which of the following microscope components is used to converge (or focus) the rays of light to a single point on the specimen? Condenser Stage Iris diaphragm Coarse adjustment knob Lamp

Condenser

Which microscope uses standard light which is directed only at the sides of the specimen? Dark-field Bright-field Electron tunneling Phase contrast

Dark-field

Which of the following microscopes provide detailed views of unstained, live specimens? Multiple select question. Dark-field microscope Bright-field microscope Electron microscope Phase-contrast microscope Differential interference microscope

Dark-field microscope Bright-field microscope Phase-contrast microscope Differential interference microscope

Which of the following microscopes provide detailed views of unstained, live specimens? Multiple select question. Dark-field microscope Bright-field microscope Phase-contrast microscope Differential interference microscope Electron microscope

Dark-field microscope Bright-field microscope Phase-contrast microscope Differential interference microscope

Which of the following is a medium that works by showing two reaction types, such as a color change in some colonies but not in others? Multiple choice question. Selective medium Differential medium Minimal medium Enriched medium

Differential medium

Select all that apply The main difference(s) between light microscopes and electron microscopes is(are) which of the following? Multiple select question. Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to scan the specimen. Light microscopes use a light beam to scan the specimen. Electron microscopes are many times more powerful. Light microscopes are many times more powerful. Light microscopes transmit light through the specimen for visualization.

Electron microscopes use a beam of electrons to scan the specimen. Electron microscopes are many times more powerful. Light microscopes transmit light through the specimen for visualization.

____________ staining is designed to distinguish between spores stained with malachite green and the vegetative cells from which they are produced.

Endospore or Spore

Identify a medium which contains complex organic substances and/or special growth factors which allows even fastidious organisms to thrive. Multiple choice question. General medium Selective medium Enriched medium

Enriched medium

Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following? Multiple select question. Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts Cell secretions Sodium chloride Blood and serum Disodium hydrogen phosphate

Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts Cell secretions Blood and serum

True or false: Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) is typically used to grow Gram-negative bacteria.

False

which staining is based on the dying of external cell structures used for locomotion in order to enlarge them and make them visible? Multiple choice question. Negative Flagellar Gram Capsular

Flagellar

____________ staining is a method of revealing flagella.

Flagellar, Flagellum, or Structural

Which of the following is an optical microscope that uses UV radiation as the illuminating source? Dark-field Phase-contrast Interference Fluorescence

Fluorescence

Which of the following methods would be preferred to visualize a microorganism for a true assessment of size, shape, color, and motility? Multiple choice question. Hanging drop method Gram stain Basic stain

Hanging drop method

How is the endospore stain similar to the acid-fast stain? Multiple choice question. Both stain the endospore. A mordant is used to set the dye. Heat is applied to force the dye in. Acid alcohol is used to wash the dye out of the cell.

Heat is applied to force the dye in.

What can be used to enhance the amount of light passing through the specimen and the many lenses to reach the eye? Multiple choice question. Decrease the temperature Water Immersion oil Crystal violet Safranin

Immersion oil

Which term identifies the introduction of microorganisms into an environment in which they will multiply? Multiple choice question. Incubation Identification Seeding Inspection Inoculation

Inoculation

Which of the following are required for proper isolation of microorganisms? Multiple select question. Inoculation tools Agar in a petri dish Nutrient broth in a tube A syringe

Inoculation tools Agar in a petri dish

Which of the following six "I'"s deals with the evaluation of cultures both macroscopically and microscopically? Multiple choice question. Isolation Inspection Incubation Inoculation Identification

Inspection

Which describes any technique that results in individual bacteria separate from others? Multiple choice question. Incubation Isolation Inoculation Infection

Isolation

Which of the following are part of the six basic techniques used to grow, examine and manipulate microorganisms in the laboratory? Multiple select question. Interrogation Isolation Inspection Inoculation Infection

Isolation Inspection Inoculation

A scanning confocal microscope is characterized by which of the following? Multiple choice question. Its use of a laser beam to scan the specimen Its use of a beam of electrons to scan the specimen Its use of ultraviolet radiation to scan the specimen

Its use of a laser beam to scan the specimen

Magnification results from the interaction of which of the following? Multiple choice question. Optical aperture and light source Lens curvature and optical aperture Light waves and lens curvature

Light waves and lens curvature

Identify all the correct answers associated with liquid media. Multiple select question. Liquid media are also called "broths" A slightly viscous liquid medium can be used to better understand the oxygen demands of microorganisms Liquid media allows for the production of individual colonies. Liquid media typically affords greater microorganism growth.

Liquid media are also called "broths" A slightly viscous liquid medium can be used to better understand the oxygen demands of microorganisms Liquid media typically affords greater microorganism growth.

Which of the following identifies the method that requires you to serially dilute microorganisms by passing them from one tube of cool but still liquid agar to another, and then eventually pouring them into petri plates with the intended purpose of obtaining individual colonies? Multiple choice question. Spread plate method Streak plate method Loop dilution method

Loop dilution method

Which of the following is a vital characteristic of a reliable microscope? Multiple choice question. Magnification Image software A UV light source

Magnification

Which of the following are characteristics of an enriched medium? Multiple select question. May contain special growth factors Can be used to aid in the growth of fastidious organisms Reason: May contain organic substances such as blood, serum or hemoglobin Reason: Its components are always chemically defined Blood agar is an enriched medium and the addition of blood to the Contains antibiotics to assist in keeping cultures pure

May contain special growth factors Can be used to aid in the growth of fastidious organisms May contain organic substances such as blood, serum or hemoglobin

Identify the simple stain(s). Multiple select question. Methylene blue Malachite green Crystal violet Gram stain

Methylene blue Malachite green Crystal violet

Identify the statement which accurately describes the six "I"s for the culturing of microorganisms. Multiple choice question. The microbe collection must not be contaminated. Microbes must be grown in pure culture Contamination is not a concern during inspection.

Microbes must be grown in pure culture

____________ staining is a general type of staining that does not disrupt the cell structure with heat fixation and can indicate the presence of a capsule.

Negative

____________ solid media do not melt and contain materials such as rice grains, cooked meat media, and potato slices.

Nonliquefiable or Nonliquifiable

Which lens forms the initial image of the specimen viewed under a light microscope? Multiple choice question. Condenser Objective Ocular Iris

Objective

Which of the following are applications of bright-field microscopy? Observation of live and preserved stained specimens Observation of the internal structure of viral particles Observation of dark specimens in a white field Observation of fluorescent samples

Observation of live and preserved stained specimens Observation of dark specimens in a white field

Which of the following are applications of bright-field microscopy? Multiple select question. Observation of the internal structure of viral particles Observation of live and preserved stained specimens Observation of fluorescent samples Observation of dark specimens in a white field

Observation of live and preserved stained specimens Observation of dark specimens in a white field

_____________ - _______________ are reliant on varying densities in the structure of a microorganism which allows us to see the specimen.

PHASE CONSTRAST

______________ staining involves any staining technique in which the dye actually sticks to the specimen and gives it color.

POSITIVE

Organelles, granules, and bacterial endospores are best observed using which microscope? . Phase-contrast Bright-field Dark-field Scanning-electron

Phase-contrast

When Nocardia is stained with the acid-fast stain, the microbes exhibit what color?

Pink

The word "aseptic" refers to which of the following? Multiple choice question. Preventing the release of toxins Prevention of contamination Producing bacterial cultures Disinfecting cultures

Prevention of contamination

Proper use in aseptic technique results in which of the following? Multiple choice question. Introduction of only beneficial microbes to the growth medium Prevention of the introduction of unwanted microbes into the sterile medium Good size of microbial organisms on the medium Good microbial growth in the medium

Prevention of the introduction of unwanted microbes into the sterile medium

Identify all the benefits of using solid agar compared to using liquid media.. Multiple select question. Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating fungi Solid agar allows greater growth of microorganisms. Useful for isolating bacteria

Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating fungi Useful for isolating bacteria

Identify all the benefits of using solid agar compared to using liquid media.. Multiple select question. Solid agar allows greater growth of microorganisms. Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating fungi Useful for isolating bacteria

Provides a firm surface on which cells can form discrete colonies Useful for isolating fungi Useful for isolating bacteria

Gram positive bacteria exhibit with color after the Gram-stain? Multiple choice question. Purple Pink Blue Green

Purple

When E. coli metabolizes lactose in a differential medium that colonies produced are which color? Multiple choice question. Blue to violet Green Red to pink Creamy white

Red to pink

Which of the following describes a media which is designed to remove or decrease the penetration of oxygen into the media? Multiple choice question. Reducing media Deoxy-media Sequestering media Oxidizing media

Reducing media

____________ power is the ability of a microscope to show detail.

Resolving or Resolution

Agar as a media solidifying agent has many benefits including which of the following? Multiple select question. Providing a nutrient source to the media Retaining moisture and nutrients Not harmful to microbes or humans Being flexible and moldable Not digestible as a nutrient by most microbes

Retaining moisture and nutrients Not harmful to microbes or humans Being flexible and moldable Not digestible as a nutrient by most microbes

Which of the following ingredients makes Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) selective for Staphylococcus species? Multiple choice question. Agar Salt Crystal violet Mannitol

Salt

Which of the following microscopes uses a laser beam to provide three-dimensional images of specimens that have been stained with a florescent dye? Multiple choice question. Fluorescence microscope Dark-field microscope Scanning confocal microscope Phase-contrast microscope

Scanning confocal microscope

Which of the following microscopes uses a laser beam to provide three-dimensional images of specimens that have been stained with a florescent dye? Multiple choice question. Phase-contrast microscope Dark-field microscope Scanning confocal microscope Fluorescence microscope

Scanning confocal microscope

Which of the following is media that has a firmness midway between that of a broth (a liquid medium) and an ordinary solid medium? Multiple choice question. Semisolid media Seminutrient media Chemically defined Semiliquid media

Semisolid media

Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is done for which purpose? Multiple select question. Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Making a more permanent mount for long-term study Highlighting cell structure for observation Preserving various cellular components in a natural state Drying the liquid used to make the smear

Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Making a more permanent mount for long-term study Preserving various cellular components in a natural state

Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is done for which purpose? Multiple select question. Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Making a more permanent mount for long-term study Preserving various cellular components in a natural state Drying the liquid used to make the smear Highlighting cell structure for observation

Simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide Making a more permanent mount for long-term study Preserving various cellular components in a natural state

Identify the inoculation technique that uses a sterile tool, such as an L-shaped glass rod, to distribute the sample evenly around the surface of a plate? Spread plate technique Streak plate technique Pour plate technique Loop dilution technique

Spread plate technique

identify the method of spreading a small culture sample over a solid medium in a pattern that gradually thins out the sample resulting in isolated colonies. Multiple choice question. Inoculation plate method Loop dilution/pour plate method Streak plate method Spread plate method

Streak plate method

Which of the following represent inoculation of a microbial sample? Multiple select question. Streaking a sample on an agar plate Examining a microbe under the microscope Sequencing of the microbial DNA Maintaining a sample at body temperature Placing a sample in sterile medium

Streaking a sample on an agar plate Placing a sample in sterile medium

Which of the following describes a second-generation culture made from a well-established colony of microorganisms? Multiple choice question. Pure Subculture Primary Axenic

Subculture

Which of the following media are chemically definable? Multiple choice question. Nonsynthetic Synthetic

Synthetic

How does the loop dilution/pour plate technique result in colony isolation? Multiple choice question. Introduced by a needle allowing isolated subsurface growth The sample is partially killed by the melted agar. The sample is serially diluted before dispensing into Petri dishes. Spread on the surface

The sample is serially diluted before dispensing into petri dishes.

General-purpose media are characterized by which of the following? Multiple choice question. They contain only one nonsynthetic nutrient. They allow the growth of a broad range of microbes. They are synthetic and chemically definable.

They allow the growth of a broad range of microbes.

Which of the following describes general-purpose media? Multiple select question. They include Mannitol salt and MacConkey agar. They are usually chemically defined synthetic media. They are usually nonsynthetic. They include nutrient agar and broth. They grow a broad spectrum of microbes. They usually contain a mixture of nutrients.

They are usually nonsynthetic. They include nutrient agar and broth. They grow a broad spectrum of microbes. They usually contain a mixture of nutrients.

Which is the most effective use of dark-field microscopy? Multiple choice question. To visualize the intracellular structure of cells To visualize dried cells that are transparent when light passes through them To visualize cells that can not be stained by the usual methods

To visualize cells that can not be stained by the usual methods

Which of the following is defined as the magnification of the ocular lens times the magnification of the objective lens? Multiple choice question. Resolving power Resolution Total magnification Index of refraction

Total magnification

Which type of microscope forms its image when light is transmitted through a specimen? Multiple choice question. Phase-contrast microscope Dark-field microscope Bright-field microscope

Transmission electron microscopy

True or false: Liquid media can be used to better understand the oxygen demands of a microorganism. True false question. True False

True

Which of the following is the terminology used to describe the image of something viewed using a microscope? Multiple choice question. Actual image Virtual image Fixed image Real image

Virtual image

Which of the following are obligate parasites? Multiple select question. Viruses Yeasts Fungi Rickettsias Most bacteria

Viruses Rickettsias

Identify all of the following which are considered growth factors typically added to enrich culture media. Multiple select question. Vitamins Amino acids Agar Blood

Vitamins Amino acids Blood

What is involved in making a smear? Multiple select question. Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip Staining the slide background and then applying cells Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide

What is involved in making a smear? Multiple select question. Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip Staining the slide background and then applying cells Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide

Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? Multiple choice question. Infection Inspection Identification Incubation Isolation

Which of the following determines the type of microbe at the species level? Multiple choice question. Infection Inspection Identification Incubation Isolation

The technique of subculturing bacteria is used to obtain pure or ____________ cultures.

axenic

Identify the selective agent in MacConkey agar that allows isolation of intestinal pathogens Multiple choice question. Acids Mucus Antibiotics Bile salts

bile salts

Capsule staining is used to observe the unstructured protective layer surrounding some of which groups of microorganisms? Multiple select question. Viruses Helminths Fungi Bacteria

fungi and bacteria

Which of the following is an organic compound, such as a vitamin or amino acid, that must be provided in the diet to facilitate survival of certain bacteria. Multiple choice question. Growth factor Mineral Glucose Dye

growth factor

A(n) _____________ is the name of the equipment which is used to precisely regulate the environment for microbes to grow.

incubator

What color do Gram-negative bacteria exhibit after Gram staining? Multiple choice question. Blue Red Green Purple

red

A medium contains a substance such as thioglycollic acid which reduces the availability of oxygen in the medium. Listen to the complete question

reducing or anaerobic

Which of the following wavelengths should give the best resolution? Multiple choice question. Long wavelengths Short wavelengths Ultra long wavelengths

short

The first microscopes were , meaning they contained just one magnifying lens and few working parts.

simple

The first microscopes were ____________ , meaning they contained just one magnifying lens and few working parts.

simple

A collection of bacteria on a loop which is thinly spread across a glass slide, allowed to air-dry, and heat fixed is called a .____________.

smear

t room temperature, agar will always be which of the following? Multiple choice question. Liquid Solid Selective

solid

Which of the following is not true for viruses? Multiple choice question. Cannot replicate on their own Some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar Must grow within a cell Some viruses can be grown in chicken eggs

some viruses can be grown in nutrient agar

A ____________-condenser is a small opaque disk that blocks all of the light from hitting the specimen directly and forces the light to come only from the sides of the specimen.

stop

Another name for chemically defined media is called media.

synthetic

Stuart's and Amie's ____________ media contain buffers and absorbents to prevent cell destruction but will not support growth.

transport