Microbiology Chapter 5 Test Questions

10. Cell walls are not typically possessed by: A. protozoa. B. algae. C. fungi. D. bacteria.

a

11. The eukaryotic cell's glycocalyx is A. mostly polysaccharide. B. the site where many metabolic reactions occur. C. also called the cell wall. D. composed of many diverse proteins. E. a protective mechanism against osmotic lysis.

a

23. Which organelle contains cristae where enzymes and electron carriers for aerobic respiration are found? A. mitochondrion B. lysosome C. Golgi apparatus D. chloroplast E. endoplasmic reticulum

a

27. Chloroplasts are composed of membranous sacs called _____ that carry chlorophyll. Surrounding these sacs is a ground substance called _____. A. thylakoids; stroma B. granna; stroma C. cristae; stroma D. cristae; matrix E. thylakoid; matrix

a

32. When buds remain attached, fungi form a chain of yeast cells called A. pseudohyphae. B. septa. C. molds. D. dimorphic. E. mycelium.

a

33. Fungi that grow as yeast at one temperature but will grow as mold at another temperature are called A. dimorphic. B. saprobes. C. pseudohyphae. D. spores. E. parasites.

a

36. Most fungi obtain nutrients from dead plants and animals. These fungi are called A. saprobes. B. parasites. C. antagonists. D. free-living. E. mutualistic.

a

43. The motile, feeding stage of protozoa is called the A. trophozoite. B. cyst. C. sporozoite. D. oocyst. E. food vacuole.

a

46. The one-celled organism seen in your microscope moves very slowly, by protruding its cytoplasm. The specimen was taken from a patient having diarrhea. You would predict that the patient has an infection caused by this pathogen: A. Entamoeba. B. Toxoplasma. C. Trichomonas. D. Giardia. E. Plasmodium.

a

5. Biologists have found evidence that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic organisms by a process of intracellular A. symbiosis. B. parasitism. C. commensalism. D. mutualism.

a

50. Amoebic dysentery is most commonly contracted through: A. fecal-oral route from contaminated food or water. B. direct transmission from one host to another. C. puncture wounds. D. insect bites. E. blood products.

a

53. Which of the following does not pertain to helminths? A. in the kingdom Protista B. parasitic worms C. eggs and sperm used for reproduction D. often alternate hosts in complex life cycles E. have various organ systems

a

59. In humans, helminths generally infect the A. digestive tract. B. urinary tract. C. nervous system. D. muscular system. E. skin.

a

8. Cilia are exhibited by certain A. protozoa. B. algae. C. fungi. D. bacteria. E. viruses.

a

1. Protists include A. yeasts and molds. B. algae and protozoa. C. helminths. D. bacteria. E. viruses.

b

15. The site for ribosomal RNA synthesis is the A. ribosome. B. nucleolus. C. nucleus. D. Golgi apparatus. E. lysosome.

b

21. Protists with contractile vacuoles A. are algae. B. use them to expel excess water from the cell. C. typically live in salty seawater. D. use them for motility. E. have greater motility.

b

22. A/n _____ originates from the Golgi apparatus as one type of vesicle that contains a variety of enzymes for intracellular digestion. A. centrosome B. lysosome C. magnetosome D. inclusion E. ribosome

b

34. Which is not a characteristic of fungi? A. cells have cell walls B. photosynthetic C. include single-celled and filamentous forms D. heterotrophic nutrition E. can use a wide variety of nutrients

b

40. Pfiesteria is a A. toxic fungus. B. toxic algae. C. toxic helminth. D. toxic protozoan. E. bacterial endospore.

b

41. During unfavorable growth conditions, many protozoa can convert to a resistant, dormant stage called a/an A. endospore. B. cyst. C. seed. D. trophozoite. E. sporozoa.

b

48. Protozoan endoplasm contains A. ectoplasm. B. mitochondria. C. flagella. D. oral groves. E. cilia.

b

57. Larval development of helminths occurs in which host? A. primary host B. intermediate host C. definitive host D. transport host E. Larval development takes place in all hosts.

b

77. You are looking at an organism of some sort under the microscopic lens. It has a cell wall, no chloroplasts, and a nucleus. Your prediction would be that this organism is a/an: A. bacterium B. fungus C. alga D. protozoan E. virus

b

82. What do the protozoans Naegleria, Toxoplasma, and Trypanosoma have in common? A. They are all motile. B. They are all associated with brain infections. C. They are all transmitted by feces. D. They are all multicellular parasites.

b

9. There are nine peripheral pairs and one central pair of _____ found inside eukaryotic flagella and cilia. A. filaments B. microtubules C. active proteins D. cilia E. endoflagella.

b

12. Which of the following is not a function of the glycocalyx exhibited by eukaryotes? A. protection B. adherence C. movement D. reception of chemical signals

c

13. Chitin is a chemical component of the cell walls of A. protozoa. B. algae. C. fungi. D. bacteria. E. helminths.

c

18. The passageways in the nuclear envelope for movement of substances to and from the nucleus and cytoplasm are called nuclear A. histones. B. chromatin. C. pores. D. endoplasmic reticulum. E. inclusions.

c

2. The eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the A. nucleus. B. Golgi apparatus. C. mitochondrion. D. lysosome. E. ribosome.

c

20. An organelle that is a stack of flattened, membranous sacs and functions to receive, modify, and package proteins for cell secretion is the A. mitochondrion. B. lysosome. C. Golgi apparatus. D. chloroplast. E. endoplasmic reticulum.

c

29. In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes have two locations: scattered in the _____ and on the surface of _____. A. cytoplasm; Golgi apparatus B. nucleus; Golgi apparatus C. cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum D. nucleus; endoplasmic reticulum

c

3. The endosymbiotic theory says that precursor eukaryotic cells acquired flagella by endosymbiosis with a/n _____ ancestor and others gained photosynthetic ability from endosymbiosis with a/n _____ ancestor. A. protozoan, algae B. archaea, cyanobacteria C. spirochete, cyanobacteria D. helminth, algae

c

31. Filamentous fungi are called A. pseudohyphae. B. septa. C. molds. D. dimorphic. E. mycelium.

c

35. The long, thread-like branching cells of molds are called A. conidiophores. B. pseudohyphae. C. hyphae. D. septate. E. asci.

c

39. What two categories of fungi cause human diseases? A. primary and secondary B. primary and vegetative C. opportunistic and primary D. secondary and opportunistic E. vegetative and reproductive

c

44. A protozoan having a flagellum would be classified in the genus: A. Entamoeba. B. Toxoplasma. C. Trypanosoma. D. Plasmodium. E. Enterobius.

c

49. Protozoan cysts are A. part of all protozoan life cycles. B. necessary for transmission to a new host. C. analogous to bacterial endospores. D. the primary form of replication. E. are involved in binary fission.

c

52. All of the following are helminths except A. pinworms. B. flukes. C. trypanosomes. D. roundworms. E. tapeworms.

c

54. Larvae and eggs are developmental forms of A. protozoa. B. algae. C. helminths. D. fungi. E. yeasts.

c

56. Adulthood and mating of helminths occur in which host? A. primary host B. secondary host C. definitive host D. transport host E. Mating takes place in all hosts.

c

60. After returning from a trip to Africa, Tom begins to feel very tired and weak. He has severe anemia. A blood smear reveals a protozoan is present in his blood. The health care provider tells Tom he has malaria. Which of the following could be the causative agent of his disease? A. HIV B. Taenia solium C. Plasmodium malariae D. Trichophyton rubrum E. Giardia lamblia

c

61. Eating undercooked meat can lead to food-borne disease via helminthic infection. What is the common host for Taenia solium? A. geese B. ducks C. pigs D. cows E. chickens

c

79. When analyzing a specimen for identification purposes, you detect the presence of large amounts of histone protein. You predict that: A. the organism is a prokaryote. B. the organism has no nuclear membrane. C. the organism has a large genome. D. the organism is photosynthetic.

c

84. Select that statement that reflects evidence that directly supports the Endosymbiotic Theory: A. Enzymes for photosynthesis are found embedded in membranes of the Golgi apparatus B. Lysosomes contain their own DNA in the form of plasmids C. The ETS is localized to the cell membrane in bacterial cells while in eukaryotes it is localized to the cristae D. Glycolysis occurs in the matrix in bacterial cells

c

14. The eukaryotic cell membrane is composed of A. sterols. B. proteins. C. phospholipids. D. Sterols, proteins, and phospholipids. E. Sterols and phospholipids only.

d

17. Histones are A. found in polyribosomes. B. enzymes found in lysosomes. C. proteins of the cytoskeleton. D. proteins associated with DNA in the nucleus. E. on the surface of rough endoplasmic reticulum.

d

24. Mitochondria possess all of the following except A. enzymes for metabolism. B. cristae. C. electron transport chain proteins. D. enzymes for photosynthesis. E. 70S ribosomes.

d

25. Which organelle is found in algae but not found in protozoa or fungi? A. mitochondria B. lysosomes C. Golgi apparatus D. chloroplasts E. endoplasmic reticulum

d

26. In eukaryotic cells, which of the following contains DNA? A. nucleus, mitochondria, and Golgi apparatus B. nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus C. nucleus, nucleolus, and Golgi apparatus D. nucleus, chloroplast, and mitochondrion E. nucleus, chloroplast, and peroxisome

d

4. The endosymbiotic theory has been developed to explain the emergence of A. archaea. B. bacteria. C. prokaryotes. D. eukaryotes. E. viruses.

d

45. The group of protozoa that are not motile are the A. amoebas. B. ciliates. C. trophozoites. D. Plasmodium sp. E. dimorphics.

d

47. Which is mismatched? A. Giardia - transmitted by feces in drinking water B. Histoplasma - causes Ohio Valley fever C. Trichomonas - sexually transmitted D. Plasmodium - causes Chagas disease E. Trypanosoma - causes African sleeping sickness

d

51. The vector for the trypanosome of Chagas disease is the A. mosquito. B. deer tick. C. tsetse fly. D. reduviid bug. E. nematode.

d

80. In the life cycle of the pinworm Enterobius, a common infection in children, the child has the adult worm in the intestine. The adult worm releases eggs, which are then transmitted out of the body via feces. The child will scratch the anal area, picking up the worm eggs and reinserting them into the mouth. For this helminth life cycle, the human is _____ host. A. intermediate B. definitive C. primary D. both intermediate and definitive

d

81. The fungi do not prefer to reproduce sexually compared to their frequent asexual reproductive mode. What would be the reason behind this infrequency of sexual reproduction? A. Sexual reproduction requires two genetically different strains of the fungus to come together. B. Sexual reproduction is more energy-intensive than asexual reproduction. C. In asexual reproduction, one parent divides. D. All statements are true.

d

83. Upon viewing a specimen through microscopic techniques, you realize the cells all contain ribosomes. Based upon this information, you eliminate which of the following from your list of potential microorganisms: A. bacterium. B. archaea. C. eukaryote. D. none can be eliminated based upon this structural observation alone.

d

16. When a eukaryotic cell is not undergoing mitosis, the DNA and its associated proteins appear as a visible, thread-like mass called the A. nuclear envelope. B. nucleosome. C. nucleolus. D. nucleoplasm. E. Chromatin.

e

19. The cell's series of tunnel-like membranes functioning in transport and storage are the A. mitochondria. B. lysosomes. C. Golgi apparatus. D. chloroplasts. E. endoplasmic reticulum.

e

28. The size of a eukaryotic cell ribosome is A. 30S. B. 40S. C. 50S. D. 70S. E. 80S

e

30. The cytoskeleton A. anchors organelles. B. provides support. C. functions in movements of the cytoplasm. D. helps maintain cell shape. E. All of the choices are correct

e

37. The woven, intertwining mass of hyphae that makes up the body of a mold is a A. stem. B. rhizoid. C. stock. D. bud. E. mycelium.

e

38. Fungal asexual spores A. are only produced under harmful environmental conditions. B. produce offspring with different combinations of genes from the original fungus. C. cannot be seen using a light microscope. D. are the products of meiotic division by a single parent cell. E. are used to identify fungi.

e

42. Protozoan cells do not exhibit A. motility. B. ectoplasm and endoplasm. C. heterotrophic nutrition. D. formation of a cyst stage. E. a cell wall.

e

55. All of the following are helminths except A. tapeworms. B. flukes. C. flatworms. D. round worms. E. All of the choices are helminthes.

e

58. Parasitic helminths have a highly developed ______ system to enhance host transmission. A. digestive B. nervous C. respiratory D. muscular E. reproductive

e

6. Which of the following is found in eukaryotic cells but not in prokaryotic cells? A. nucleus B. mitochondria C. endoplasmic reticulum D. lysosomes E. All of the choices are correct.

e

7. Eukaryotic flagella differ from prokaryotic flagella because only eukaryotic flagella A. are used for cell motility. B. facilitate chemotaxis. C. facilitate phototaxis. D. are long, whip-like structures. E. contain microtubules.

e

78. You are looking at an organism of some sort under the microscopic lens. It is obviously multicellular, with no cell wall. Your prediction would be that this organism is a: A. bacterium B. fungus C. alga D. protozoan E. helminth

e

62. The eukaryotic cell membrane is a bilayer of sterols.

false

63. The cell walls of fungi and algae are chemically identical to the prokaryotic cell wall.

false

65. The nuclear envelope is a single layer.

false

68. Algae are classified into divisions based principally on their type of motility.

false

70. All fungi can form hyphae.

false

71. In humans, fungi can only infect the skin.

false

72. All fungi cause some kind of disease in plants and animals.

false

73. Fungi can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

false

75. Plankton are floating communities of helminths.

false

76. There are no algae that can cause human disease.

false

64. Chromosomes are generally not visible in the nucleus unless the cell is undergoing nuclear division.

true

66. Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes.

true

67. Eukaryotic mitochondria have their own 70S ribosomes and circular DNA.

true

69. Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses.

true

74. All algae have chloroplasts.

true