Microbiology Chapter 7 & 8 Test

vertical gene transfer

Transfer of genetic material from parent to offspring.

What are the 3 types of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria and how are they different?

TRANSFORMATION: A bacterium, takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment. The acceptance by a bacterial cell of small fragments of soluble DNA from the surrounding environment. TRANSDUCTION: DNA is accidently moved from one bacterium to another by a virus. The process by which a bacteriophage serves as a carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell. CONJUGATION: DNA is tranferred between bacteria through a tube between cells.

horizontal gene transfer

The transfer of genes from one genome to another through mechanisms such as transposable elements, plasmid exchange, viral activity, and perhaps fusions of different organisms.

When lactose is present how does the lac operant function?

This operant contains genes coding for proteins in charge of transporting lactose into the cytosol and digesting it into glucose. This glucose is then used to make energy.