Microbiology chapter 8 quiz

protein

Enzymes are a functional type of ___ (a type of macromolecule).

Simple or Conjugated enzymes

Simple enzymes consist of protein alone, whereas conjugated enzymes contain protein and nonprotein molecules. A conjugated enzyme, sometimes referred to as a holoenzyme.

smaller

Substrates are generally _____ than the enzymes to which they bind.

Enzymes

Which molecules act as cellular catalysts? - Cofactors - Enzymes - Substrates (e.g. substrates are reactants upon which enzyme catalysts act.)

Proteins

Which of the following macromolecules can commonly act as a catalyst? - Carbohydrates - Lipids - Proteins

Enzymes

act as catalysts in virtually all metabolic pathways

Cofactors

are either organic molecules, called coenzymes, or inorganic elements (metal inons) that many enzymes require to become functional.

enzymes

composed principally of amino acids, ___ act as biological catalysts, facilitation metabolic activities of the cell.

holoenzyme

is a combination of a protein, now called the apoenzyme, and one of more cofactors.

Anabolism

is the cellular process of taking monomers of compounds and producing polymers. (e.g., amino acids are combines to make proteins)

apoenzyme

A non-functional enzyme which needs a cofactor is called a(n) ____

Enzymes

Composed principally of amino acids, _____ act as biological catalysts, facilitation metabolic activities of the cell

Which of the following changes would decrease the activity of an enzyme?

Decreasing the substrate concentration generally reduces the activity of an enzyme. Likewise, increasing the concentration of an enzyme generally results in an increase in overall activity (C). A moderate increase in temperature generally increases the activity of an enzyme (A). However, at very high temperatures proteins become denatured and therefore the activity of enzymes generally decreases

Catabolism

Refers to the decomposition of complex compounds during cellular metabolism

lowers

Typically, the presence of enzymes ___ the activation energy for a reaction to proceed. - stays the same - increases - lowers

Substrate

What name is given to the compound which an enzyme will act upon? - Cofactor - Substrate - Allosteric site - Active site

Activation energy

What term is used to describe the minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to proceed? - Activation energy - Active site - Allosteric point - Optimal energy

Decreasing the substrate concentration

Which is NOT a method of overcoming activation energy in any reaction? - increasing thermal energy via heat - Addition of a catalyst - Decreasing the substrate concentration