Microbiology Test 1

Alcohol-based compounds can weaken the outer membrane.

True

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

True

Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls.

True

Some bacteria have a cytoskeleton of protein polymers to help maintain their shape.

True

The cell envelope or its parts can interact with human tissue and cause disease.

True

Spirochetes are able to move due to ________.

a periplasmic flagellum

The _____ stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria.

acid-fast

The two functions of bacterial appendages are

attachment and motility

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ________.

cell wall

Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages except _____.

cilia

bacteria shapes

coccus (round), bacillus (rod), or spiral (spirochete)

all bacteria contain

cytoplasmic membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, nucleoid, cytoskeleton

The cell _______ can be composed of three layers: the cytoplasmic membrane, the cell wall, and the outer membrane.

envelope

Two major structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are _______ and _______.

fimbrae; capsules

The short, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called _____.

fimbriae

A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has _____.

flagella

What are the external structures of bacteria

glycocalyces, flagella, fimbriae, pili

"eu"

good

Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of _____.

gram-negative bacteria

Halobacterium salinarium lives in and requires salt. This is an example of an archaeabacterium described as a(n) _______.

halophile

Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium and dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure?

Endospore

Which of the following species of bacteria is not closely related to the others?

Escherichia coli

Both gram-positive and gram-negative cells have outer membranes.

False

Cellular organisms without a true nucleus include bacteria and viruses.

False

Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls.

False

If during the Gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

False

Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain.

False

The gram-positive cell wall is considered stronger than that of gram-negative cells since its hydrophobic outer membrane contains an endotoxin.

False

The slime layer provides bacteria greater pathogenicity as compared to the capsule.

False

gram positive bacteria

Bacteria that have a thick peptidoglycan cell wall, and no outer membrane. They stain very darkly (purple) in Gram stain.

What three components comprise the flagellum, extending from the cytoplasm to the exterior of the cell?

Basal body, hook, filament

_____ Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications.

Bergey's

A client has a serious case of the flu. A random sample of sputum was taken from the patient coughing up blood. The lab tech said they had isolated a bacterium that did not have any peptidoglycan. You hypothesize that the identity of this microbe could possibly be _____.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

The laboratory report shows that a motility test was performed on the sample with positive results. Thinking about bacterial movement, the RN is aware that this bacterium could possess which structure(s) for motility?

One or more flagella

Which of the following is mismatched?

Plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism

gram negative bacteria

type of bacteria that stain red with Gram stain and have a thin cell wall with an outer membrane and a cytoplasmic membrane

prokaryote

unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus

additional shapes of bacteria

vibrio and branching filaments

The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's _____.

wall

is peptidoglycan found in both gram positive and gram negative cells

yes

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except the _____.

inclusions

The bacterial chromosome ________.

is part of the nucleoid

archae

lack peptidoglycan in their walls

what are fats that are insoluble in water

lipids

the outer-membrane of the gram-negative cells contain _____ which is toxic to to mammalian hosts

lipopolysaccharide

In a gram stain, what does the gram negative bacteria do?

lose the crystal violet and stain red from the safranin counterstain

The enzyme _______, found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls.

lysozyme

what are very large organic molecules

macromolecules

Endospores are ________.

metabolically inactive resistant to heat and chemical destruction resistant to destruction by radiation living structures

what are molecular subunits

monomers

Chemotaxis refers to the ability to ________.

move in response to a chemical

red

negative

"karyote"

nucleus

eukaryote

organism whose cells contain a nucleus

Cells form a ______ arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side.

palisade

The term that refers to the presence of flagella over the cell surface is _____.

peritrichous

the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is typically composed of _____ ________ and it preforms many metabolic functions as well as transport activities

phospholipids and protiens

purple

positive

Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed _____.

positive chemotaxis

The function of bacterial endospores is ________.

protection of genetic material during harsh conditions

what does protein structure determine

protein function

The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and _____.

rRNA

If you looked at a _______ under the microscope, you would likely see an irregular cluster of spherical cells.

staphylococcus

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a(an) _____.

streptobacillus

what do bacterial endospores function in?

survival

The patient is diagnosed with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection, a foodborne illness. The identification of the bacterial subspecies is important for developing his treatment plan and was possible due to ________.

the analysis of antibody reactions against the pathogen

What are the arrangements of bacteria based on?

the number of planes in which a given species divides

what are all of the ways that archae and bacteria are distinguished from eukaryotes?

the way that their DNA is packaged, their cell wall, and their lack of membrane-bound organelles

The organism Mycoplasma pneumoniae that causes "walking pneumonia" lacks a cell wall. In which of the following taxonomic divisions is it classified?

Tenericutes

Which of the following is mismatched?

Tenericutes - waxy acid-fast cell walls

Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes?

Tetrad

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes?

The cell walls of bacteria and archaea both contain the complex macromolecule peptidoglycan, whereas only the organisms in kingdom Plantae contain cell walls, which are made of cellulose.

what does the pilus do

It aids in the DNA transfer between bacteria cells.

Bacterial endospores are not produced by _____.

Staphylococcus

A flagellum is anchored into the bacterial cell envelope by its _____.

basal body

"pro"

before

they complicate the treatment in some infections

biofilms

In a gram stain, what does the gram positive bacteria do?

retains the crystal violet and stays purple