Mid-Term Review Chapter 30

When performing a microscopic examination of urine, the presence of how many white blood cells/HPF is considered normal? 0 to 8 0 to 15 0 to 20 2 to 6

0 to 8

What is the normal range for the specific gravity of urine? 1.003 to 1.030 500 to 750 1.040 to 1.060 4.6 to 8

1.003 to 1.030

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative test result? Trace Small 2 + 500 mg/dL Positive

500 mg/dL

How much urine does the normal adult excrete each day? 250 to 500 mL 500 to 1,000 mL 750 to 2,000 mL 1 to 3 L

750 to 2,000 mL

How should urine reagent strips be stored? In a cool area In a dark container In a dry area With the cap tightly closed All are correct

All are correct

What is included in a complete urinalysis? A physical examination of urine A chemical examination of urine Microscopic examination of urine sediment All are correct

All are correct

What odor does a urine specimen have if it has been allowed to stand at room temperature for long time? Ammonia Slightly aromatic Fruity Foul-smelling

Ammonia

Which of the following urine tests may be positive when a patient has hepatitis? Glucose Protein Bilirubin Ketone bodies All are correct

Bilirubin

Which of the following does not result in oliguria? Profuse perspiration Vomiting Diarrhea Edema

Edema

What type of specimen should be used to test for the presence of nitrite in the urine? Specimen that has been left standing at room temperature for 1½ hour 24-hour urine specimen Freshly voided random specimen First-voided morning specimen

First-voided morning specimen

Which of the following urine specimens contains the greatest concentration of dissolved substances? First-voided morning specimen Random specimen Clean-catch midstream specimen First-catch urine specimens

First-voided morning specimen

Which of the following urine tests may be positive when a patient has undiagnosed diabetes mellitus? Glucose Protein Nitrite Bilirubin All are correct

Glucose

What is the name of the hormone present only in the urine and blood of a pregnant woman? Estrogen Progesterone HCGH Human chorionic gonadotropin Testosterone

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Where are urinary casts formed? In the ureters In the lumen of the nephron tubules In the urinary bladder In Bowman's capsule

In the lumen of the nephron tubules

What occurs if a urine specimen is allowed to stand for more than 1 hour at room temperature? It becomes cloudy. The pH becomes more acidic. The specific gravity decreases. Pathogens are destroyed.

It becomes cloudy.

What effect does concentrated urine have on red blood cells? It causes them to swell and become rounded. It has no effect on them. It causes them to shrink and become crenated. It causes them to develop hypochromia.

It causes them to shrink and become crenated.

Why is a first-voided morning specimen preferred for performing a microscopic examination of urine? It is more dilute. It contains more dissolved substances. It contains more abnormal substances. It contains fewer microorganisms.

It contains more dissolved substances.

What is the term for the presence of ketone bodies in the urine? Acidosis Alimentary glycosuria Ketosis Ketonuria

Ketonuria

Which of the following tests is performed on a first-catch urine specimen? Complete urinalysis Pregnancy test NAA test for chlamydia and gonorrhea Kidney stone evaluation

NAA test for chlamydia and gonorrhea

Which of the following test results indicates a concentrated urine specimen? pH: 6 Red blood cells: 3/HPF Protein: trace Ketone bodies: 3.0 Specific gravity: 1.025

Specific gravity: 1.025

Which of the following represents an error in technique when performing a urine pregnancy test? A clean specimen container is used to collect the specimen. A first-voided morning specimen is used to run the test. The urine specimen is at room temperature. The specific gravity of the specimen is 1.003. All are correct.

The specific gravity of the specimen is 1.003.

What does it mean if a urine specimen is light yellow in color? White blood cells are present in the urine specimen. The urine specimen does not contain many dissolved substances. The pH of the urine specimen is slightly acidic. Bacteria are present in the urine specimen.

The urine specimen does not contain many dissolved substances.

Which of the following represents an error in technique when testing a urine specimen with a reagent strip? Using a freshly voided urine specimen Touching the reagent areas with the fingers Completely immersing the reagent areas in the urine specimen Holding the reagent strip in a horizontal position when reading results All are correct

Touching the reagent areas with the fingers

Which of the following substances is normally present in urine? Ketones Urea Leukocytes Bilirubin All are correct

Urea

Which of the following normally contains microorganisms? Kidneys Ureters Urinary meatus Urinary bladder

Urinary meatus

Which of the following tests requires a clean-catch midstream specimen? Urine pregnancy testing Microscopic examination of urine sediment Urine drug testing Urine culture

Urine culture

Most of the urine is composed of what substance? Urea Organic substances Water Inorganic substances

Water

Which of the following is usually found in the urine sediment of a patient with candidiasis? Parasites Yeast Bacteria Casts

Yeast

If a freshly voided specimen is cloudy, it means that: a urinary tract infection may be present. the specimen has remained in the bladder too long. nitrates are present in the specimen. improper technique was used to collect the specimen.

a urinary tract infection may be present.

The pH of most urine specimens is: acidic. alkaline. neutral. negative.

acidic.

A pH reading of 8 means that the urine specimen is: acidic. alkaline. neutral. contaminated.

alkaline.

Polyuria may be caused by: excessive intake of fluids. consumption of caffeine. diabetes mellitus. taking a diuretic. all are correct.

all are correct.

When collecting a clean-catch midstream urine specimen, a front-to-back motion is used to cleanse the urinary meatus to: avoid drawing microorganisms from the anal region into the area being cleansed. avoid contaminating the distal urethra. prevent patient discomfort during the cleansing process. prevent the cleaning solution from irritating the urinary meatus.

avoid drawing microorganisms from the anal region into the area being cleansed.

A 24-hour urine specimen may be collected to: detect the presence of liver disease. diagnose a UTI. determine the cause of kidney stone formation. determine if a patient has diabetes mellitus.

determine the cause of kidney stone formation.

When collecting a clean-catch midstream urine specimen, a small amount of urine is voided into the toilet before obtaining the specimen to: remove pathogens from the bladder. ensure the collection of an adequate amount of urine. prevent irritation of the urethra. flush microorganisms out of the distal urethra.

flush microorganisms out of the distal urethra.

If the internal control of a urine pregnancy test does not perform as expected, the test results are interpreted as: invalid. positive. negative. weakly reactive.

invalid

When a patient has a urinary tract infection, all of the following tests may be positive except: nitrite. protein. ketone bodies. leukocytes.

ketone bodies.

Blood may normally be present in the urine because of: pregnancy. cystitis. menstruation. vigorous physical exercise.

menstruation.

All of the following are guidelines for the collection of a first-catch urine specimen except: the patient should not urinate for at least 1 hour prior to collection. the patient should cleanse the genital area before collection of the specimen. the patient should only collect 15 to 30 mL of urine. the initial urine stream should be collected.

the patient should cleanse the genital area before collection of the specimen.

A urinalysis may be performed for all of the following except to: diagnose a pathologic condition. treat a patient's condition. screen a patient for the presence of disease. evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

treat a patient's condition.

The presence of bile pigments in a urine specimen causes the specimen to be: light amber. foul-smelling. yellow-brown. red.

yellow-brown.