Middle Childhood 1 Practice Questions

Suzanne and Greg are the first members of their class to begin the pubertal transition. Based on what you know about early-maturing adolescents, Suzanne and Greg are more likely to: A. Become involved in deviant activities B. Do better in school C. Be ostracized by their classmates D. Get along with their parents

A. Become involved in deviant activities

Which theory helps researchers understand adolescent risk taking? A. Behavioral decision theory B. Alternative choices theory C. Desirability theory D. Cognitive development theory

A. Behavioral decision theory

Almost half of all teenagers deaths in the United States are a result of: A. Car accidents and other unintentional injuries B. Suicide C. Homicide D. Sexually transmitted infections

A. Car accidents and other unintentional injuries

Avram is considered a late-maturing boy. A year after pubertal onset, we would expect Avram to show all of the following advantages over his early-maturing peers, except: A. Greater athletic ability B. More intellectual curiosity C. Greater exploratory behavior D. Higher levels of social initiative

A. Greater athletic ability

Which term below allows individuals to suspend their beliefs about something in order to argue in the abstract? A. Hypothetical thinking B. Social cognition C. Mutual perspective-taking D. Impression formation

A. Hypothetical thinking

Jonah is a developing teen with many changes occuring. Jonah is looking to his parents teachers, and peers with questions about his future goals and expectations. These behaviors and plans are part of his __________ changes. A. Identity B. Autonomy C. Sexuality D. Intimacy

A. Identity

Dan, an adolescent, has more developed cognitive skills than his 6-year-old brother Timmy because Timmy's thinking is: A. In general, bound to what he can directly observe B. Moving easily between specific and abstract ideas C. Systematically generating alternative possibilities and explanations D. Comparing what he actually observes with what he believes is possible

A. In general, bound to what he can directly observe

A double shift in social status takes place during adolescence with an increase in both _________ and ___________. A. Privileges; expectations B. School work; discipline C. Discipline; restrictions D. Restrictions; expectations

A. Privileges; expectations

In contemporary America, the process of social definition, which typically begins at age 15 or 16, is something that occurs over: A. Relatively long period of time B. Few days C. Few days for males and a relatively longer time for females D. Relatively short period of time

A. Relatively long period of time

The extreme skepticism observed in many adolescents is most likely a result of: A. Seeing knowledge as relative rather than as absolute B. Thinking in terms of what's possible rather than what is real C. Thinking about the process of thinking D. Viewing reality in terms of multiple dimensions

A. Seeing knowledge as relative rather than as absolute

Charlie is able to tune out the television so that he can focus on his art project, which is due in class tomorrow. This is an example of: A. Selective attention B. Divided attention C. Short-term memory D. Long-term memory

A. Selective attention

Neurons are cells that carry information by transmitting electrical charges across the body. When the electrical charge travels through a neuron, it stimulates: A. The release of neurotransmitters B. Synaptic pruning C. Myelination D. The brain to process some piece of information

A. The release of neurotransmitters

The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, feelings, and experiences are unique is called: A. An imaginary audience B. A personal fable C. Propositional logic D. Metacognition

B. A personal fable

Piaget theorists believe that the use of _______ is the chief feature of adolescent thinking that differentiates it from the type of thinking employed by children. A. Egocentric reasoning B. Abstract logical reasoning C. Multidimensional reasoning D. Systematic reasoning

B. Abstract logical reasoning

Among those who study adolescence, an inventionist is one who: A. Develops new products aimed predominantly at the adolescent population B. Argues that adolescence as a period in the life cycle is mainly a social invention C. Believes that many of the problems in adolescence are merely invented by the popular press D. Believes that adolescents need to be kept away from the labor force for their own safety

B. Argues that adolescence as a period in the life cycle is mainly a social invention

Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with being an early maturing girl? A. Feelings of awkwardness and self-consciousness B.. Being less popular, especially with boys C. Being more likely to become involved in juvenile delinquency D. Being less likely to pursue advanced education and a demanding career

B. Being less popular, especially with boys

Sternberg's "triarchic theory of intelligence" proposes that to assess an individual's intellectual capabilities it is necessary to look at three distinct, but interrelated, types of "intelligence": A. Verbal, mathematical, and spatial B. Componential, experiential, and contextual C. Componential, kinesthetic, and experiential D. Verbal, mathematical, and interpersonal

B. Componential, experiential, and contextual

The ability to see beyond what is directly observable and reason in terms of what might be possible is called: A. Theory of mind B. Hypothetical thinking C. Imaginary audience D. Formal operations

B. Hypothetical thinking

Which of the following was not a result of industrialization? A. New patterns of work B. Less time in school C. Increased school preparation D. Less time working with family members

B. Less time in school

Puberty began for Nancy when she was 9 years old. Her mother began puberty at 11 years. For her grandmother, the onset was at 13 years of age. These change sin the age of onset of puberty over time are referred to as: A. Cross-sectional trend B.Secular trend C. Longitudinal trend D. Physiologic trend

B. Secular trend

Which perspective identifies adolescence beginning with the onset of puberty and ends with being capable of sexual reproduction? A. Social B. Legal C. Biological D. Cognitive

C. Biological

Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may cause all of the following, except: A. Increased emotionality B. Increased responsiveness to stress C. Decreased risk-taking D. Decreased responsiveness to rewards

C. Decreased risk-taking

An adolescent's identity, autonomy, intimacy, sexuality, and achievement are all part of their ______ development. A. Cognitive B. Biological C. Psychosocial D. Ecological

C. Psychosocial

According to Vygotsky, adolescents learn best when: A. Their lessons are within their zone of proximal development B. A more experienced instructor is present C. Thes instructor engages in scaffolding D. All of these are correct

D. All of these are correct

What is it about adolescent thinking that makes them better problem solvers than children? A. Improvements in memory B. Improvements in attention C. Improvements in processing speed D. All of these are correct

D. All of these are correct

Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty? A. Stress B. Nutritional deficiencies C. Excessive exercise D. All of these are correct

D. All of these are correct

Compared to childhood, reward seeking and sensation seeking during adolescence: A. Are equally as high during childhood and adolescence B. Are lower during adolescence than childhood C. Are caused by biological forces during adolescence while it is typically caused by environmental forces in childhood D. Are higher during adolescence than childhood

D. Are higher during adolescence than childhood

Which of the following is not associated with the "new morbidity and mortality" of adolescence? A. Accidents B. Suicide C. Homicide D. Cancer

D. Cancer

Which of the following terms applies more to adolescent thought than to childhood thought? A. Conversation, reversibility, structure B. Assimilation, accommodation, complexity C. Preoperational, egocentric, concrete D. Flexible, speculative, abstract

D. Flexible, speculative, abstract

Which of the following changes explains why adolescents, compared to young children, may be better able to concentrate and stay focused on reading tasks? A. Increasing use of mnemonic devices B. Becoming more flexible with strategy use C. Increasing speech of information processing D. Improvements in attention

D. Improvements in attention

Which of the following factors have not been found to influence the onset of maturation? A. Father absence B. Good nutrition C. Family conflict D. Peer pressure

D. Peer pressure

One reason for the difference in the body shapes of the sexes is: A. The timing of the growth spurt B. That females tend to be more "left-brained" and males more "right-brained" C. Differences in the size of the hypothalamus D. The difference in the amount and distribution of body fat

D. The difference in the amount and distribution of body fat

Chris and his parents had an argument because they did not want him to go to a New Year's party across town. A few days after the argument, Chris' anger subsided because he realized his parents were worried about his safety. Which cognitive process did Chris most likely use to reach this conclusion? A. Implicit personality theory B. Deductive reasoning C. Response inhibition D. Theory of mind

D. Theory of mind