Midterm 1

The word "Anasazi," when translated from the Navajo (the Navajos call themselves the Diné) can best be understood as: "great ancestor stone builders." "evil ancient stone people." "the sacred people." "ancient enemy ancestors."

"ancient enemy ancestors."

What percentage of the average American colonist's income in the 1760s was typically spent on taxes? 5 percent 25 percent 10 percent 20 percent 30 percent

20%

Which of these individuals would have most likely preferred Pietism to Deism in the eighteenth century? A Virginia planter A wealthy New York merchant A Scots-Irish migrant An urban artisan

A Scots-Irish migrant

What made George Whitefield such a successful evangelical preacher in New England in the 1740s? A reputation for being "almost angelical" in appearance His claims of faith-healing abilities His 1737 book, A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God Puritans' vicious denunciation of his methods

A reputation for being "almost angelical" in appearance

Critiques of the Great Awakening cited included: Its leaders did not concern themselves with long term commitments to a particular congregation. Uneducated and unordained clergymen led the movement. All of these It caused a breakdown of the social order Emotionalism (also known as "enthusiasm") over a deeper understanding of the faith.

All of these

South Carolina was a great place for pirates to recruit new crewmen due to: A significant population of poor white males with few economic opportunities. A swampy coastline replete with salt creeks, tidal marshes, and winding rivers that made excellent places to hide. Large numbers of African-Carolinians who, although enslaved, has skills as watermen and pilots. All of these. Rampant corruption among colonial officials including the governors.

All of these.

Which of the following factors prevented Europeans from seeking to conquer territory in Africa in the fifteenth century? Coastal kingdoms were too well-defended The continent's environment was unsuitable for agriculture The population was too sparse to exploit effectively Lack of valuable natural resources in the region

Coastal kingdoms were too well-defended

By the beginning of the eighteenth century, the unprecedented acquisition of household and domestic goods by common people was called: the Industrial Revolution the Consumer Revolution. the Market Revolution. Mercantilism.

Consumer Revolution

Why did the number of Indians living in Mesoamerica decline from about 30 million in the fifteenth century to approximately 3 million by 1650? Most Native Americans fled south to avoid the European raiders. Europeans slaughtered millions of Indians in extremely fierce and long-lasting wars. European contact led the Indians to conduct brutal wars among themselves. Disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them.

Disease carried by Europeans decimated most Indian tribes who came into contact with them.

The mounds in the Ohio Valley were built by groups of Native Americans whom anthropologists categorize as: Eastern Woodland Cultures. Bering Straits Cultures. Pueblo Cultures. Mosocoton Cultures.

Eastern Woodland Cultures.

The Navigation Acts of the mid-seventeenth century included which of the following stipulations? European goods imported to the colonies had to go through English ports. Americans had to transport goods on English, not colonial, ships. American colonists were required to trade with the French West Indies. Massachusetts shippers could not refuse to participate in the slave trade.

European goods imported to the colonies had to go through English ports.

The Molasses Act of 1733 primarily targeted the colonists' molasses trade with what country? France Spain Britain Portugal

France

Which of the following statements describes the role of money and economic exchange in eighteenth-century rural New England? Because they owed increasingly heavy taxes to the British, who demanded payment in coin, farmers were forced to switch from a barter economy to a cash economy. Land banks printed and distributed paper currency for farmers to use as cash in return for a percentage of a farm's yearly output. As New England's exports increased, even isolated farming communities became accustomed to monetary transactions. Generally, no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors, but accounts of debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.

Generally, no money was exchanged between relatives and neighbors, but accounts of debts were maintained and settled every few years by cash transfers.

Which of the following combinations describes wealthy Chesapeake and southern women in the first half of the eighteenth century? Illiterate and hardy Genteel and deferential Uneducated and lonely Industrious and political

Genteel and deferential

Thirteen North American British colonies attended the Continental Congress in September 1774, but the three that did not attend were Rhode Island, Georgia, and Quebec. Georgia, New Brunswick, and Quebec. Nova Scotia, Georgia, and Quebec. Vermont, Nova Scotia, and Rhode Island.

Georgia, New Brunswick, and Quebec.

People from Africa colonized all of these areas EXCEPT: -Holland -Portugal -Spain -Sicily

Holland

The Protestants who were called "Puritans" did not actually call themselves "Puritans" What did they call themselves? None of these The Most Faithful of All Hot Protestants Calvanians The Chosen

Hot Protestants

The Administration of Justice Act provided for the following: None of these. It allowed for an accused colonist to be tried in a location outside the colony. It allowed for immediate seizure of the goods of colonists who were accused of crimes. It suspended the colonists right to trial.

It allowed for an accused colonist to be tried in a location outside the colony.

Which of the following statements is true of the Quaker religion in the 1660s? Quakers held beliefs that were very similar to those of Puritans. The Quaker clergy were among the best educated in the colonies. It taught that God imbued all men and women with an "inner light" of grace. Quakerism was the American version of the Church of England.

It taught that God imbued all men and women with an "inner light" of grace.

The extent of violence perpetrated by whites against slaves in any particular geographic area depended on which of the following factors? Its religious composition Its population density Its racial composition The region's relationship with England

Its racial composition

One of the most extreme preachers of the Great Awakening was: Francis Collins John Davenport Calvin Maddox Jonathan Cleveland

John Davenport

Who led the moderate faction at the Second Continental Congress and won approval of a petition expressing loyalty to George III and asking for a repeal of oppressive parliamentary legislation? George Washington John Dickinson Thomas Gage John Adams Thomas Paine

John Dickinson

What was the official language of the Catholic Church during the Medieval era? German English Spanish Latin French

Latin

The first real combat between organized colonists and British troops began was fought at: Concord and Boston Concord and Salem. Lexington and Concord. Lexington and Salem.

Lexington and Concord.

Cahokia was a place associated with which of the following? the Iroquois Confederation. Mississippian Chiefdoms. the Pueblo peoples. none of these.

Mississippian Chiefdoms

If one could say that there was a winning group at the end of the Proto-historic era, which one of these would it be? Native Americans All of these The Spanish The Portuguese

Native Americans

One name for those who had serious problems with the preaching of Great Awakening figures is: Old Timers Chauncyists True Believers Old Lights

Old Lights

With Charles I out of the way, England was led by: Oliver Cromwell Lawrence Olivier Oliver Hardy Chester Cruwell

Oliver Cromwell

Which of the following statements characterizes the British government's attempts to meet its war debt following the Great War for Empire? To cut costs, Britain decreased the size of its bureaucracy, especially the customs department. Parliament decreased the import duties on consumables to increase both sales and revenue. The British Parliament raised the taxes on land throughout North America. Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes such as sugar and beer.

Parliament increased import taxes on items used by the poor and middling classes such as sugar and beer.

In 1774, the Continental Congress met in what city? New York Philadelphia Boston None of these. Trenton

Philadelphia

How did British politicians respond to the Americans' cry of "no taxation without representation"? Parliament pursued stricter enforcement of the Stamp Act. They suggested that Americans had representation through their own colonial legislatures. Politicians argued that the colonists already had virtual representation. They passed the Revenue Act to replace the Stamp Act.

Politicians argued that the colonists already had virtual representation.

By the time of the American Revolution, the following held true: Roughly 25% of all British merchant ships had been built in North America. None of these. The Navigation Acts were passed by the Parliament but did little to help British Americans. The American colonies had little to offer in the way of naval infrastructure.

Roughly 25% of all British merchant ships had been built in North America.

The following statement best describes Queen Elizabeth's attitude toward Protestantism: Elizabeth believed in complete religious freedom for people of all faiths. None of these. She brought England back into the Catholic fold and launched persecutions of those who had become Protestants. She brought England back into Protestantism but was lax in enforcing religious conformity.

She brought England back into Protestantism but was lax in enforcing religious conformity.

Which of the following was true of slavery in the American colonies in the eighteenth century? Planters valued African slaves equally, regardless of their origin in Africa. Aside from some noteworthy rebellions, slaves rarely rebelled or even dissented. Generally conditions were better in South Carolina and the West Indies than in Virginia. Slaves created a sophisticated culture with extended kin relationships and traditions.

Slaves created a sophisticated culture with extended kin relationships and traditions.

The following was a proprietorial colony: New Hampshire Vermont None of these. South Carolina Maine

South Carolina

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the world between the following two countries: Spain and France None of these. Portugal and France Spain and Brazil Spain and Portugal

Spain and Portugal

The Pueblo peoples fought against these Europeans during the Pueblo Revolt: French Spanish English Dutch

Spanish

James II created a super colony named: The Viceroyalty of New England The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Connecticut The United Colonies The Dominion of New England

The Dominion of New England

Why were the modern-day countries of Mexico and Peru originally Spain's most significant conquests? The Inca, Aztecs, and Mayans had great wealth, particularly in gold. They provided hospitable environments for colonies that attracted Spanish families. The Aztecs' knowledge of iron and steel production contributed to Spain's armory. Indian agricultural techniques made Spanish farming much more productive.

The Inca, Aztecs, and Mayans had great wealth, particularly in gold.

How did the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro conquer the Incans by 1535? The Spanish forced Atahualpa, the last Inca emperor, to surrender to the Spanish. The Incans were frightened by the Spaniards and did not resist his forces. The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne. He had a large force of 1,000 men and 500 horses and easily overwhelmed the Incans.

The Incans were already weakened militarily and divided because of rival claimants to the throne.

The Coercive Acts were also known as.... The Repressive Acts. The Townshend Acts. The Horrible Acts The Intolerable Acts.

The Intolerable Acts.

On what basis did the American colonists object to the vice-admiralty courts in which violators of the Sugar Act were tried? Colonists did not believe they should be prosecuted by the same courts as British criminals. The courts were run by British-appointed judges. They were administered by the British Navy rather than civilian officials. These courts were located in Britain and defendants were required to pay for travel

The courts were run by British-appointed judges.

Hinterlands of port cities were crucial for the development of naval (and piratical) assets because: These areas were places where foodstuffs could be raised and brought to the ports. These areas were easily defended against a seaborne invasion. They help define the political boundaries of the colonies in which the ports resided. They served as buffer areas for the port cities, keeping disaffected populations at bay.

These areas were places where foodstuffs could be raised and brought to the ports.

What method did Chesapeake planters use in the early eighteenth century to prevent slave revolts? Planters paid slaves for extra work and permitted them to buy their own freedom. They bought slaves of different ethnic backgrounds to limit their ability to organize. Planters provided basic education to which free blacks had no access. They provided incentives such as holiday feasts for compliant slaves.

They bought slaves of different ethnic backgrounds to limit their ability to organize.

What was the main goal of the Massachusetts Bay Colony? To establish a model society for others to emulate. To establish religious freedom. To establish an independent nations. All of the above.

To establish a model society for others to emulate.

Why was the fifteenth-century marriage of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain significant? Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims. They decided jointly to end the Spanish Inquisition. The Catholic Church refused to recognize their arranged union. It created a new basis for female political power.

Together they completed Spain's long campaign to oust Muslims.

Which of the following statements characterizes the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World in the sixteenth century? Spanish conquistadors, aided by disease, decimated native peoples. Tribal populations increased in size following the introduction of European technology. Their presence created only a very small, mixed-blood population because interracial sexual contact was rare. The Spanish found much gold but squandered it in their attempt to convert the indigenous peoples.

Tribal populations increased in size following the introduction of European technology.

Benin was (and is) located in: Southern Africa West Africa North Africa Eastern Africa

West Africa

The "Atlantic World" is an explanatory model that frames the Atlantic Ocean as: none of these. mysterious to eighteenth-century folk. a highway. a barrier.

a highway

Preaching during the Great Awakening was characterized by: a notable trend that saw women take up leadership roles. a powerful emphasis on an individual's conversion experience. a large number of powerful sermons that condemned the institution of slavery. a strong emphasis on receiving all seven sacraments

a powerful emphasis on an individual's conversion experience.

The British Americans thought that their pursuit of luxury consumer goods had had corrupted their religious convictions. deprived them of their virtuous nature. all of the above. made the colonists susceptible to taxation.

all of the above.

According to the lecture, which of these are key articles of faith of Christianity? That Christ died for the forgiveness of sins. All of these. The divinity of Christ The Triune Godhead (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit)

all of these

Among the names of the clergymen who helped to propel the Great Awakening we can find: All of these George Whitefield John Wesley None of these Jonathan Edwards

all of these

Complex chiefdoms existed in which of the following? North America Africa All of these... Asia South America

all of these

Pennsylvania's Charter of Libertie provided for: An advisory council All of these. An advisory general assembly. A governor with many powers.

all of these

Ports like Baltimore, Boston, and New York offered advantages to pirates by virtue of: All of these. Long approaches that offered an opportunity to attack slow-moving merchant vessels as they came in the port. Many inlets, salt creeks, and rivers that served as hiding places for small, fast-moving pirate vessels. Hinterlands that supported the urban population but also could be sold to piratical vessels

all of these

Quakers believed the following: That the Bible was not the only source of divine authority. That rituals were not important. All of these. That all believers had an "inner light." That all believers, whether male or female, were priests.

all of these

The tactics used by the Sons of Liberty to oppose the Stamp Tax included: tearing apart colonial officials homes. tearing down warehouses where the stamps were suspected of being stored. hanging colonial officials in effigy. all of these.

all of these

British Americans who resisted that Stamp Act had already had some practice coordinating their efforts from their memberships in literary and correspondence societies. participation in colonial assemblies and in colonial politics. shared religious ideas brought about by the Great Awakening. all of these.

all of these.

Indentured servants could expect the following when their contract ended: all of these. a gun. their freedom. fifty acres of land. tools.

all of these.

Indentured servants latter stages of life were marked by: poor marriage prospects. freedom dues. all of these. poor economic prospects. freedom from their contracts.

all of these.

The Consumer Revolution aided the development of the Public Sphere by none of these. all of these. giving people ordinary people expensive processions that they wanted to show off providing books and reading materials that people wanted to discuss with others. providing places like coffee houses where people could gather and discuss events and trends.

all of these.

Thomas Paine argued that: monarchies were unbiblical all of these. the king was a bastard. Declaring independence was the only logical thing to do.

all of these.

In October 1492, Columbus, his men, and his ships reached Mexico. Florida. Brazil. an island in the Bahamas.

an island in the Bahamas

English Protestants worried that a king who was a Roman Catholic would pose a serious problem because he might marry a Protestant princess or queen and force her to convert to Catholicism. as head of the Church of England, he might reintroduce Catholic religious practices into the Church. he might allow other religious faiths to be practiced in England. none of these.

as head of the Church of England, he might reintroduce Catholic religious practices into the Church.

Which were not subject to taxation under the Stamp Tax Act? newspapers. clothing. playing cards. all of these were taxed. paint.

clothing.

The Benin Bronzes Demonstrated that: - little contact with non-Africans because nearly all of the images were of African people. - purchased the materials for the statues because Africans had no metallurgical skills. - contact with the outside world because some of the images depicted Portuguese men with beards and European facial features. - no contact with non-Africans because nearly all of the images were of people with African facial features.

contact with the outside world because some of the images depicted Portuguese men with beards and European facial features.

Ethnohistorians and anthropologists credit this crop with facilitating the growth of Native American civilizations: all of these. wheat. peas. apples. corn.

corn

The Quebec Act enraged British Americans in part because it none of these. closed Protestant churches in Quebec. closed Protestant churches in Quebec. designated the Ohio and Great Lakes regions as part of Quebec. made French the official language of the colony for all matters

designated the Ohio and Great Lakes regions as part of Quebec.

After the Battle of the Monongahela, General Braddock moved up the ranks to command even more troops. died of wounds suffered during the battle. was knighted by the king. began to spend more time retraining Virginian troops.

died of wounds suffered during the battle.

Aboard a slave ship, rebellions, when they occurred, were often coordinated by sympathetic crew members. enslaved women. all of these. enslaved men.

enslaved women

Diagrams that show Atlantic Trade as a "triangular"... fail at showing the complexity of trading patterns. usually have their trade patterns moving in a counterclockwise direction. do an excellent job of conveying trading patterns. tend to favor one continent over the others.

fail at showing the complexity of trading patterns.

A complex chiefdom can consist of only one village. True or False?

false

Africans had few military assets to defend themselves. True or False?

false

Although southern colonial ports like Charles Town were hotbeds of piratical activity, northern ports like Boston or New York were relatively pirate-free, law-abiding places. True False

false

By spring 1775, British Americans had already decided on independence regardless of what the British did. True False

false

During the 1760s, nearly all British Americans widely supported the idea that all people should be able to practice whatever religion they wanted. True False

false

In South Carolina, Native Americans generally had peaceful relations with the colonists due to the generous treatment of Indians by the English settlers. True False

false

Most tax officials were born in Great Britain and came over to the colonies to enforce the tax laws. True False

false

The Great Awakening's key figures only traveled in one direction: from Britain to British North America. True False

false

True or false? All Native American groups were essentially nomads who wandered from place to place with no fixed settlements. True False

false

True or false? Indentured servants were slaves. True False

false

Columbus undertook how many voyages to the New World? Two More than four One Three Four

four

The social order in Europe around 1450 can be described as: egalitarian. based on clans. hierarchical and authoritarian. bureaucratic and regimented.

hierarchical and authoritarian

Pueblo peoples transmitted the timing for their uprisings by this means: knotted chords smoke signals notched sticks strokes marks on bark sheets

knotted chords

Hernando de Soto is remember for his role in: leading a military reconnaissance of what is the US Southeast. leading the conquest of Peru. leading the conquest of Mexico. leading a military reconnaissance of what is the US Southwest.

leading a military reconnaissance of what is the US Southeast.

Items such as pine tar, turpentine, and hemp are collectively known as: Naval stores. Naval merchandise. Naval items. Naval supplies.

naval stores

The British burned which town in April 1775 during their attempt to seize weapons from the colonists? Salem. None of these Concord. Lexington.

none of these

Slave codes stipulated that: slaves could own small amounts of property. none of these. children born by a enslaved mother and a free father would be free. slaves could be called to serve in the militias. slaves could assemble if they were peaceable.

none of these.

The Consumer Revolution brought goods to some colonial homes that allowed women to: control private property, especially commercial property. all of these. participate actively in political affairs. participate in a culture of gentility.

participate in a culture of gentility.

Slavery was... limited to North American and Africa. practiced everywhere in the world. limited to North and South America. none of these.

practiced everywhere in the world.

The primary crop of colonial South Carolina was: sugar. tobacco. rice. cotton.

rice

In many middle class homes, the influx of consumer goods meant that the primary women in the house often had to: serve on juries if they controlled enough property. supervise the labor of domestic workers or slaves. none of these. take charge in the political affairs of the local community.

supervise the labor of domestic workers or slaves.

In South Carolina, the way slave holders regulated the labor required of their slaves was called... sharecropping. the task system. the field system. the crop system.

task system

Another name for the French and Indian War: the War of Austrian Succession. the French and Indian War. the War of Spanish Succession the War of the League of Augsburg.

the French and Indian War.

In July 1775, the Continental Congress reached out to King George with a document commonly known as the the Peace Proposal. the Declaration of Independence. the Olive Branch Petition. the Good Friday Accords. the Peace Petition.

the Olive Branch Petition.

The document that swayed British Americans to begin about breaking with Great Britain was called: the pamphlet, "The Bill of Rights." the Bible. the Olive Branch Petition. the pamphlet, "Common Sense."

the Olive Branch Petition.

The name of the ship that became the focus of a famous trial because the captain drowned approximately 130 enslaved people in order to collect the insurance on his "cargo." the Zong the Kongo the Amistad the Chrispus

the Zong

The Battle of the Monongahela was marked by the brilliant victory achieved by British troops. the crucial role played by Native Americans allied to the French. the high combat efficiency of crack Virginia troops. the poor performance of the French regular troops.

the crucial role played by Native Americans allied to the French.

The Battle of the Monongahela was marked by the high combat efficiency of crack Virginia troops. the poor performance of the French regular troops. the brilliant victory achieved by British troops. the crucial role played by Native Americans allied to the French.

the crucial role played by Native Americans allied to the French.

Mandeville, in his essay, "The Fable of the Bees," argued that social, political, and economic advancement was only possible if government kept exports high and imports low. people worked hard and saved their excess earnings for investments. government took as little role in the economy as possible. there was high demand for absurd and unnecessary things. none of these.

there was high demand for absurd and unnecessary things.

In the twenty-first century, mounds are often protected areas because: they are grave sites and are accorded the same respect as cemeteries. none of these. they harbor rich mineral deposits that need to preserved for future generations. most of them are close to environmentally sensitive areas.

they are grave sites and are accorded the same respect as cemeteries.

British Americans felt closer the Great Britain after the war because British Americans were able to send representatives to Parliament. none of these, British Americans wanted independence during the war. the Church of England sent bishops to North America so British Americans did not have to travel to England for ordination. thousands of British Americans served alongside British forces in North America.

thousands of British Americans served alongside British forces in North America

Virginia's major crop was: None of these. Tea Cotton Tobacco

tobacco

"Reformed Theology" is only one of many types of religious thinking that developed during the Reformation. True False

true

A proprietary colony is a colony that is administered by a private corporate entity. True False

true

A proprietorial colony is a colony run by a private individual or individuals by permission of the king. True False

true

According to the definition provided in the lecture, Roman Catholics are Christians. True False

true

Before the eighteenth-century people were basically dirt poor. True False

true

Did George III declare the colonists in rebellion? True False

true

During the winter of 1775-1776, the colonists' military efforts against British rule were succeeding. True False

true

For the purposes of this course, "entrada" is a Spanish term that refers to a militarized reconnaissance of an area. True False

true

Many British Americans believed that their pursuit of luxury consumer goods had deprived them of their virtue. True False

true

Mary Tudor was an English Queen who wanted a Catholic England. True False

true

The Anasazi peoples built extensive masonry settlements during the years between 900 CE and 1300 CE that rivaled contemporaneous secondary cities in Europe. True False

true

The British allowed the Catholic Church to collect tithes (a tax to support churches) in Quebec, making it the defacto official church of the colony. True False

true

The Public Sphere was a space where private persons could talk or write about common concerns in the open without fear of prosecution. True False

true

The Tea Act lowered the tax on tea shipped to North America. True False

true

The Treaty of Tordesillas provided that the two nations that signed it could take control of the lands they found and convert their inhabitants to Christianity. True False

true

The colonists in South Carolina led numerous raids into Spanish Florida to capture Native Americans for the slave trade. True False

true

The display of the Benin Bronzes in 19th century London challenged Europeans assumptions that Africans lacked the hallmarks of a civilization. True or False?

true

True or false: Not all Puritans were separatists. True False

true

Until the 1780s, the "freedom of religion" as we understand it today, did not exist in most of the world True False

true

Women could play some very important roles in Quaker society. True False

true

Women who married generally lost control over their property to their husbands. False True

true