Midterm-Advanced Hardware and mhealth

robotic surgeries

can be seen in terms of their speed and depth when making fine incisions. Surgeons at the Maastricht University Medical Center, Netherlands, utilized AI-assisted robotics to suture very narrow blood vessels of .03 to .08 mm.

shortly thereafter 1997

clinicians began to take an increasing interest in adopting technologies. nurses began to use PDAs to run the application like general nursing and medical references, drug interactions, and synchronization of schedule task

Augmented reality

enhanced version of the real physical world that is achieved through the use of digital visual elements, sound, or other sensory stimuli and delivered via technology

- 1990s - 6 hours

first 2G cellular networks and devices were being introduced to the market. The bulky handset designs and limited bandwidth deterred growth, lack of communication standards impeded interoperability, and batteries lasted less than ___hours

HoloLens 2

health professionals can connect with remote experts, and call up patient data and go beyond x-rays to consult MRI images in 3D at the point of care. Improve learning results and revolutionize curriculum with hands on lesson plans that convey complex concepts in 3D. With _________________, students can learn-by-doing from anywhere with holographic instructions and assessments.

- wearable devices - heart rate and rhythm, respiration, sleep cycles, and even rapid blood analysis

in multiple physical forms, such as watches, are comparable in size to that of a piece of jewelry. able to provide specialized equipment used to collect physiological measures such as ___________________

- 2000 - Application-specific devices (ads)

in this year the federal communications commission dedicated a portion of the radio spectrum to wireless medical telemetry system (wmts) which was widely adopted for remote monitoring of a patient's health As data transmission rates increased, it became feasible for hospitals to run video or voice applications over wireless networks ______________are often integrated with nurse call systems and medical telemetry so that nurses can receive alerts, alarms, and text messages.

mHealth

is "the use of mobile and wireless devices to improve health outcomes, healthcare services, and health research" -The National Institutes of Health.

- protocol - standards and best practices - Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP) or TCP/IP.

is a method that allows information to be shared on an information channel. Both the sender and the receiver of information must use the same protocol to be able to communicate. These agreements are usually well-established between vendors in the form of ____and______ Since the Internet is global in scope and extent, it requires specific networking models and communications protocols. The information is segmented into information packets which are organized using a method commonly known as _________________

- Radio-frequency identification (RFID) - equipment tracking and inventory control.

is a technology that uses radio-frequency electromagnetic fields to transfer data, using tags that contain electronically stored information. Typically, RFID is used for ______ and ___________.

- Health Level Seven (HL7) International - lab testing equipment, pharmacy pill filling machines, patient identification card creators, heart monitors, and imaging equipment

is an American National Standards Institute (ANSI) accredited Standards Developing Organization that maintains the framework and standards for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information. A myriad of medical equipment, such as __________________________________________________, all communicate using the HL7 protocol, both to each other and to electronic medical records systems and electronic health information systems

Chatbots

is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) program that simulates and interprets human communication (written or spoken), allowing people to communicate with digital devices as if they were conversing with real people has the power to increase primary care and triage offer immediate conversational responses and connecting becomes quite simple for patients.

AccuVein System

is designed to make it easier for doctors and nurses to locate veins when they need to give injections by detecting the heat signature of the blood flow and highlighting it on the patient's arm.

- Wi-Fi - Wireless Local area network (WLAN) - exchange data or connect to the Internet wirelessly

is intended for general local network access—generally within a single building or other limited area. The limited area of access is called a _________ it is a technology that allows an electronic device to ____________ or _______________ using 2.4 GHz Ultra High Frequency (UHF) waves and 5 GHz Super High Frequency (SHF) waves.

Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG)

is responsible for Bluetooth standards

artificial intelligence

is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings

- 5G - 2019

is the fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks which cellular phone companies began deploying worldwide in _____, and is the planned successor to the 4G networks

mHealth Video

mHealth is a wide variety of use cases that range from continuous clinical data access to remote diagnosis as well as guest Internet access. The role of video in healthcare is evolving as quickly as the standards themselves. Hospital systems and ambulatory practices have started using products like FaceTime, Skype, Google Meet, Zoom and other consumer-oriented video telephony and voice over Internet Protocol (VOIP) software applications for patient consults, follow-up, and care coordination.

Virtual Nursing Assistants

provide personalized experiences to patients, helping them detect their illness based on the symptoms, besides scheduling doctor appointments and monitoring their health status. guides you through the course of the treatment.

Care Angel

the first virtual nurse assistant globally, can provide wellness checks through AI and voice

eHealth

this refers to the use of information and communication technology for health services and information by both healthcare professionals and the public

Microsoft's HoloLens system

used in surgical theatres, where it lets the surgeon receive real-time information about what they are seeing, as well as share their view with other professionals or students who may be observing the operation.

Virtual reality

used in treatment. This can be a part of therapy, where it has been used to train children with autism in social and coping skills. It's also been used to facilitate cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to assist with chronic pain, anxiety, and even schizophrenia.

mHealth

"medical and public health practice supported by mobile devices, such as mobile phones, patient monitoring devices, personal digital assistants, and other wireless devices." it involves the use of a mobile phone's core utility of voice and short messaging service, as well as general packet radio service or GPRS, 4G/5G, global positioning system or GPS, and Bluetooth technology

eHealth

"the cost-effective and secure use of information and communication technologies in support of health and health-related fields." (defined by the World Health Organization

- Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) - genomics data - overcome local storage limitations

-------------an advanced hardware for replicating and sharing data among disks make it possible to store larger chunks of information than a single storage device can handle. The combination of accessibility and capacity can be used in healthcare for storage of large data sets such as ______________ Making this storage accessible through the Internet allows mobile devices to ________________________

- RFID tag - antenna - embedded - Reader

----contain an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, and modulating and demodulating a radio frequency. Tags also contain an ____ for receiving and transmitting the signal. The tag does not need to be in the line of sight of the reader, and may be _____ in the object to be identified The ______ is a two-way radio transmitter receiver that sends a signal to the tag and reads its response.

- electronic health records (EHRs), personal health records (PHRs), and patient portals - clinicians, patients, and consumers

A major component of mHealth includes timely access to clinical information such as the data contained in ___________________ This information should be securely accessible by _______ over various wireless mediums both inside and outside the traditional boundaries of a hospital, clinic, or practice (HIMSS, 2012b)

1. more powerful processing in ever -smaller packages 2. more power distributed across many, many machines, most commonly seen in cloud services

Advances in computer hardware continue two trends:

mobile devices

At the leading edge of eHealth is the practice of healthcare and public health supported by ____________.

wireless personal area network (WPAN).

Bluetooth is intended for a ___________

AccuVein system Microsoft's HoloLens system HoloLens 2,

Example of AR in healthcare

Wireless Patient Monitoring Mobile System Access Virtual Consultation Aging in Place

HIMMS Major Technology Trends

-2012 - ending lifestyle disease may leverage the use of mobile platforms - mHIMSS Roadmap -Affordable Care Act (ACA)

In ______, in the US, there's an urgent call to think differently about healthcare. Clinicians shifting from a focus on disease management to a focus on ____________________-. According to the ___________, "patients and providers are leveraging mobile devices to seek care, participate in, and deliver care. Mobile devices represent the opportunity to interact and provide this care beyond the office walls" The ____________ leverages innovative technology to bring about "a stronger, better integrated, and more accessible healthcare system" (HIMSS, 2012b).

• Inventory control • Equipment tracking • Out-of-bed detection and fall detection • Personnel tracking • Ensuring that patients receive the correct medications and medical devices • Preventing the distribution of counterfeit drugs and medical devices • Monitoring patients • Providing data for electronic medical records systems

In health care and hospital settings, RFID technologies include the following applications (USFDA)

Mobile System Access-

Mobile technologies that enable remote/virtual access to current clinical systems such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs) and Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). Examples: Web sites, portals, mobile apps.

- Bring Your Own Device (BYOD). - Back-end IT systems

One of the latest trends in healthcare IT is the concept of ----------------------- Products in the marketplace today, such as the iPhone, iPad, and similar devices from other vendors. In many hospitals the IT department has already ensured that their devices are secure and able to meet government regulations. _____________ are required to ensure that a given device does not introduce vulnerabilities into the system. To implement BYOD, owners of the devices must be willing to abide by the hospital's mobile device policy and allow their devices to be managed.

Virtual Consultations

Remote connectivity and multimedia solutions that enable virtual care consultation, education, and therapy. Examples: Tele-consultations, mobile video solutions

Aging in Place

Remote technologies that enable clinically monitored independent living for aging populations. Examples: Personal Emergency Response Systems (PERS), video consultations, motion/activity monitoring, fall detection, aggregation, transport

ubiquitous

Smartphones and tablets are _________ in the healthcare setting. What started out as consumer devices are now in the hands of almost all clinicians.

Wireless Patient Monitoring

Technologies that enable remote surveillance of patient vital functions through the use of internally and externally located patient devices. Examples: Wirelessly monitored pacemakers and automatic defibrillators

1. Mobile telecommunications technology 2. Wi-Fi 3. Bluetooth 4. Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID)

Technology used to wirelessly communicate with a mobile device includes:

wireless communication

The ability of a mobile device to connect with networks in multiple ways is the foundation of mobile computing and mHealth.

machine-to-machine (M2M)

The advances in _____________ technology, patients can check their blood sugar, blood pressure, oxygen levels, and other vital signs at home with their results wirelessly transmitted to their healthcare providers

- privacy and security - mobile environme

The cornerstone of trust in healthcare is _____________ mHealth data presents a greater challenge to security and data integrity because this data is in a ________________ The data are not collected in stored access facilities and stored behind firewalls Many of the same rules apply to mHealth as well as the physical hospital environment An organization is responsible for securing and verifying security, and testing to locate vulnerabilities in systems. The goal of privacy and security is to provide as much effort as needed to protect patient's personal health information (PHI) from being compromised. The benchmark for privacy must be 100% secure

- 10 - GSMA - 100 - 10 secs - 7 minutes

The fastest 5G networks are expected to be at least __ times faster than 4G, according to wireless industry trade group ___. Some experts say they could eventually be ___ times faster. That's fast enough to download a two hour movie in fewer than -- seconds, versus around -- minutes with 4G.

Aiva Health (Los Angeles)

The first voice-powered care assistant: connects patients with the correct physician for communication.

1. 100 megabits per second for high mobility communication 2. 1 gigabit per second for low mobility communication

The peak speed requirements for 4G service are:

1. Convenient physical device size 2. Ubiquitous wireless network access 3. Longer battery life.

The three key synergistic advanced hardware elements enabling mobile health (mHealth) are

- WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) - Wi-FI Alliance

To provide a level of security for the wireless connection, various encryption technologies are used, such as Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) and Wi-Fi Protected Access II (WPA2) security protocols ------------- is the third iteration of a security certification program developed by the ____________. It is the latest, updated implementation of WPA2. It is more secure and comprehensive than WPA2

Fourth Generation (4G) Networks

Under mobile telecommunications technology it supports all internet protocol or IT communication Use new technology to transfer data at very high bit rates

Insitro (San Francisco)

Uses advanced machine learning with computational genomics to reduce the time and cost associated with drug discovery for patients.

AiCure (New York City)

Uses video, audio, and behavioral data to better understand the connection between patients, disease and treatment.

- Wi-fi - modem or router

Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are complementary. ---- is access point-centered, with all routed through the access point which is typically a ----- which brings the Internet into the building from an Internet service provider.

- cloud computing - The length of time a mobile device can work powered by a rechargeable battery

_________________is the ability of a mobile device to access a large number of computers connected through a communication network and run a program or application on many connected computers at the same time. ____________is the limiting factor for mobile computing

1997

a major standard breakthrough occurred, enabling wifi-capable barcode scanners to be used in hospital inventory management.

smartphone

a powerful hand-held computer with an operating system and the ability to access the Internet

- VTLAB - ECG, PPG, SPO2 & Heart Rate, Body Temperature, Step count -built-in memory -artificial intelligence

a small, low-power monitoring device packed with sensors to measure vital signs, such as __________________, with an easy to use design. collects, stores and retrieves raw ECG and PPG signals from the _______________ and displays them on the desktop and mobile app simultaneously. The signals are analyzed and vital signs are estimated continuously with the aid of __________________

- Bluetooth - keyboards, mice, light-pens, pedometers, sleep monitors, pulse oximeters. - 2.4 to 2.485 GHz UHF

a wireless technology standard for control of and communication between devices, allowing exchange of data over short distances. it is used for wirelessly connecting _________________ it uses ______________ radio waves

- tablet and smartphone - wearable device - VTLAB - implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICDs) - Redundant arrays of independent disks (RAIDs) - cloud computing

advanced hardware include

router

allows several computers, tablets, and other devices to connect to the Internet through a single access point—the router.

-Precision medicine -23 -85

also known as the personalized medicine is an innovative approach to tailoring disease prevention and treatment that takes into account differences in people's genes, environments, and lifestyles. It's goal is to target the right treatments to the right patients at the right time it could identify ____ patients with cardiovascular disease risk, undetected by traditional statistics methods, with _____% accuracy

implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD)

an implantable device that does not only monitor physiological responses, they also provide interventions. is a small battery-powered device placed in the chest to monitor the heart rhythm and detect irregular heartbeats. An ICD can deliver electric shocks via one or more wires connected to your heart to fix an abnormal heart rhythm

Chatbots robotics surgery virtual nursing assistants precision medicine AiCure Aiva Health Insitro

application of AI in healthcare

- Tablet - Tablet - more computing power, electrical stability and centralized storage for the information generated.

are used to run different programs than laptops or desktops computers but can communicate with computer programs. This means care can be supported by specialized programs on easily carried ------- while distant computers can provide significant computing resources which require -------------------------------------------

VR headset

are used to train doctors and surgeons, allowing them to get intimately acquainted with the workings of the human body without putting patients at risk, or requiring a supply of medical cadavers.