midterm gov

The Federalists were generally comprised of the following types of people..... (wealthy white males- young, slave and property owners, educated; want to maintain social order and property rights; overwhelmingly lawyers)

(a) and (b) but not (c)

The picture above (showing a very strangely shaped district) reflects the following:

A gerrymandered congressional district

Replace the letters in the figure above with the appropriate institutions to differentiate each institution's specific role in an iron triangle. A fosters Congressional support via lobby to C, receives favorable enforcement and special favors from C, gives electoral support to B, and receives friendly legislation and oversight from B. B gives funding and political support to C and receives choices about and executes policy from C.

A is Interest Group, B is Congress, and C is the Bureaucracy

Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A public school system uses race-based segregation.

In what ways did the religious traditions of early European settlers impact American politics? (Puritans want "a city on a hill" or example for the outside world and have a strict code of authority and obedience. They stress importance of individualism. Today, we have Establishment Clause to separate church and state. Challenges to Puritanism are Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker, and William Penn, who were kicked out as heretics)

A, B and C.

Which of the following demographic voting blocs has the most identifiable partisan voting behavior?

African Americans

Changing demographics has had an impact on the American polity, in what ways have these demographics changed?

All of the above.

Anti-Federalist were concerned that the Constitution would create a excessively strong national government that could limit the liberties of the people. How were there concerns eventually eased and thus allowing the Constitution to be ratified in New York?

Amending the Constitution to include a Bill of Rights.

Why might the Framers have had to justify the need for and strength of the Executive Branch?

Americans feared monarchical rule after the Revolution.

The "power of the purse" is the congressional power over:

Appropriation

What was the effect of the opinion in Schenck v. United States?

As long as speech does not present a clear and present danger, it is allowed.

a) Required all-black schools to have facilities and faculties of the same quality as all-white schools Brought vocal opposition to abortion and encouraged legislatures to reshape abortion policy b) Required students to be bused Made abortion legal in all states c) Concluded that "separate but equal" schools are impossible Assured a pregnant woman's right to have an abortion in the first trimester d) Upheld the separation of races in public accomodations Upheld states' police powers to regulate safety, health, and morals ____________________________________ Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two court cases?

C

A vote of cloture:

Can end a filibuster if 3/5 of the Senate agrees

Speaking up in an authentic voice, organizing your ideas and people, practicing consensus and conflict skills, and adapting are all part of _____.

Citizenship

All of the following are ways that the legislative branch can check the powers of the executive branch EXCEPT:

Congress may pass a law declaring a presidential action unconstitutional

Based on your knowledge of the Constitutional Convention, how was the matter of congressional representation resolved?

Delegates decided to compromise by adopting a bicameral legislature with each state receiving two Senators and the House reflecting the population totals of each state.

Which of the following actions by a congressional representative is an example of "pork barreling"?

Directing federal funds into the representative's district through legislation

"All communities divide themselves into the few and the many. The first are the rich and the wellborn, the other the mass of the people. . . . The people are turbulent and changing; they seldom judge or determine right. Give therefore to the first class a distinct, permanent share in the government. They will check the unsteadiness of the second, and as they cannot receive any advantage by a change, they therefore will ever maintain good government." -Alexander Hamilton, "Speech in the Constitutional Convention on a Plan of Government," 1787 Which of the following models of democracy is the author advocating?

Elite democracy

" The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general welfare of the United States;... To regulate Commerce with foreign nations.... To coin money... To declare war... And To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States..." Based on this passage, which of the following type of Congressional powers is outlined in Article I, section 8 of the Constitution?

Enumerated power

Which of the following principles is meant to discourage government from conducting unlawful searches and to protect citizens when unlawful searches occur?

Exclusionary rule

Federalist Paper #10 "AMONG the numerous advantages promised by a well-constructed Union, none deserves to be more accurately developed than its tendency to break and control the violence of faction . . . By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community. There are two methods of curing the mischiefs of faction: the one, by removing its causes; the other, by controlling its effects. There are again two methods of removing the causes of faction: the one, by destroying the liberty which is essential to its existence; the other, by giving to every citizen the same opinions, the same passions, and the same interests. It could never be more truly said than of the first remedy, that it was worse than the disease. Liberty is to faction what air is to fire, an aliment without which it instantly expires." Which of the following statements best summarizes the author's argument in Federalist #10. What does he suggest is the best remedy this problem?

Factions are inevitable, yet a natural product of a free society that need to be limited.

All of these play a direct role in developing the federal budget EXCEPT:

Federal Reserve Board

What is the relationship between federal funds and state autonomy?

Federal involvement accompanies federal funds.

It is my intention to curb the size and influence of the Federal establishment and to demand recognition of the distinction between the powers granted to the Federal Government and those reserved to the States or to the people. All of us need to be reminded that the Federal Government did not create the States; the States created the Federal Government. Now, so there will be no misunderstanding, it is not my intention to do away with government. It is rather to make it work -- work with us, not over us; to stand by our side, not ride on our back. Government can and must provide opportunity, not smother it; foster productivity, not stifle it. -Ronald Reagan, Inaugural Address, 1981 On what two concepts does Reagan base his remarks in this excerpt?

Federalism and limited government

The Miranda rule stems from rights protected by which of the following amendments?

Fifth and Sixth Amendments

Which of the constitutional provisions was at issue in Schenck v. United States?

First Amendment free speech and free press rights

Which of the following constitutional amendments address King's concern that there should be racial justice?

Fourteenth Amendment

How did Lincoln defend his decision to order a blockade of southern ports without the approval of Congress?

He claimed that the inherent powers of his office allowed him to circumvent the Constitution in a time of war or national crisis.

Assume that Howard and Javier used proper sampling techniques to draw two samples of Hispanic Floridians. Each sample will be surveyed about proposed immigration policy reform and its impact on Hispanics living in the state. The samples were selected identically, but one includes 1,000 respondents and the other consists of 2,000 respondents. Given the information presented in this scenario, which of the following statements is true?

Howard and Javier can be more confident of the results of the 2,000-person sample

"Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever. The yearning for freedom eventually manifests itself, and that is what has happened to the American Negro. Something within has reminded him of his birthright of freedom, and something without has reminded him that it can be gained. Consciously or unconsciously, he has been caught up by the Zeitgeist, and with his black brothers of Africa and his brown and yellow brothers of Asia, South America and the Caribbean, the United States Negro is moving with a sense of great urgency toward the promised land of racial justice. If one recognizes this vital urge that has engulfed the Negro community, one should readily understand why public demonstrations are taking place. The Negro has many pent up resentments and latent frustrations, and he must release them. So, let him march; let him make prayer pilgrimages to the city hall; let him go on freedom rides—and try to understand why he must do so. If his repressed emotions are not released in nonviolent ways, they will seek expression through violence; this is not a threat but a fact of history." --Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963) by Martin Luther King Jr. Which of the following parts of the letter best summarizes King's position?

If peaceful, nonviolent demonstrations do not work, violent actions will be an option.

American government is rooted in the cultures and experiences of early European colonists as well as interactions with this group.

Indigenous people of the New World

Which of the following is true about the pocket veto?

It occurs when the President takes no action on a bill for ten days during which Congress is adjourned.

Why might Clinton favor repealing the 22 amendment?

It would allow him to run for office for a third term.

How do liberals differ from conservatives?

Liberals are more likely than conservatives to envision a wide scope for the central government, often involving policies that aim to promote equality.

Appointments to the federal Judiciary are often contentious for which of the following reasons?

Life terms for federal judges mean that presidential appointments will continue to have influence long after the president's term is over.

In which of these do members of Congress exchange favors for their mutual political benefit?

Logrolling

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is most consistent with Hamilton's view in the above passage?

Marbury v. Madison

In which way do modern presidents differ from the original intentions of the Framers of the Constitution?

Modern presidents are much more influential in the legislative process than the Framers originally intended.

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret in McCulloch v. Maryland as allowing Congress to create a national bank?

Necessary and proper clause

Which of the following provides for the Constitution's flexibility?

Necessary and proper clause

According to exit poll data (which showed 58% of whites voting for Trump), which of the following groups members were most likely to vote for Donald Trump in 2016?

Non-hispanic whites

Which of the following has the duty to examine the cost implications of a proposed bill?

Office of Management and Budget

In what ways do the decisions in Engel v. Vitale and Wisconsin v. Yoder differ?

One suggests a public policy creates an establishment of religion, while the other suggests a public policy denies the free exercise of religion

Which of the following generally increase with age no problem?

Political participation and strength of party attachment

The ability to have other do what you would have them do is called __________.

Power

Which of the following data is reflected in the chart above (it shows Johnson and Clinton nominating Democratic judges and Reagan and Bush nominating Republican judges)?

President's nominated judges that were aligned with their own political affiliation.

According to Supreme Court rulings, congressional redistricting primarily based upon which of these is unconstitutional?

Race

What two techniques are key to the accuracy of public opinion polls?

Random sampling and stratification

It is now clear that the challenged laws burden the liberty of same-sex couples, and it must be further acknowledged that they abridge central precepts of equality. Here the marriage laws enforced by the respondents are in essence unequal: same-sex couples are denied all benefits afforded to opposite-sex couples and are barred from exercising a fundamental right. Especially against a long history of disapproval of their relationships, this denial to same-sex couples of the right to marry works a grave and continuing harm. The imposition of this disability on gays and lesbians serves to disrespect and subordinate them. --Justice Anthony Kennedy, Majority Opinion in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) Which statement best summarizes Justice Kennedy's opinion?

Same-sex couples are unfairly harmed by states' denial of their legal marriage.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases is the most relevant to GOP districts and gerrymandering?

Shaw v. Reno

Most powerful leadership position in the House of Representatives....

Speaker of the House

Which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court interpret as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank in McCulloch v. Maryland?

Supremacy clause

Which statement best describes the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment?

The Fourteenth Amendment's due process clauses makes most rights contained in the Bill of Rights applicable to the states.

What has to happen in Congress in order for the president to be impeached and removed from office?

The House must impeach the president by a simple majority; the Senate must convict with a two-thirds majority.

Divided government occurs when:

The President is of a different party than a majority of the Congress

Which of the following is the most complete summary of the selective incorporation doctrine?

The Supreme Court has required states to apply certain rights in the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendments due process clause.

Which of the following helps to explain why voter turnout is lower in the United States than in other democracies?

The United States hold elections midweek.

Which of the following is one way in which the White House staff is different from the president's Cabinet?

The White House staff is not subject to Senate confirmation.

After a bill is introduced in the House of Representatives, what is the next step in the legislative process?

The bill is referred to a committee

Which of the following constitutional provisions would the Justice Kennedy cite to support the opinion?

The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

To complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited Constitution. By a limited Constitution, I understand one which contains certain specified exceptions to the legislative authority; such, for instance, as that it shall pass no bill of attainder, no ex-post-facto laws, and the like. Limitations of this kind can be preserved in practice no other way than through the medium of courts of justice, whose duty it must be to declare all acts contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution void. Without this, all the reservations of particular rights or privileges would amount to nothing. ...The interpretation of the laws is the proper and peculiar province of the courts. A constitution is, in fact, and must be regarded by the judges, as a fundamental law. It therefore belongs to them to ascertain its meaning, as well as the meaning of any particular act proceeding from the legislative body... -Alexander Hamilton. Federalist No. 78 What constitutional principle does Hamilton address in the above passage?

The interpretation of laws is the proper and peculiar province of the courts

Which of the following statements describes an appropriate use of executive privilege?

The president refuses to reveal classified national security documents.

The Bill of Rights guarantees which of the following rights to a person arrested and charged with a crime?

The right to legal representation.

With which of the following statements would the cartoonist most likely agree (the cartoon shows the State building a fence to separate the church but the church tearing down the fence)?

There is a constant struggle to define the separation of church and state.

How might Donald Trump's campaign promises have contributed this exit poll data?

Trump's statements on immigration worried Hispanic voters.

The purpose of the War Powers Act (1973) was to:

Weaken presidential war making powers

One of the six sources of power is social norms. Choose the description that best describes this form of power.

What other people think is ok.

Based on the graph (showing 49% of white evangelicals voting Republican), which of the following groups is most likely to vote Republican?

White Evangelicals

For an amendment to the Constitution to even be considered, it need to ____________. (be proposed by 2/3 of both the Senate and the House OR 2/3 of the State legislature AND ratification by a 3/4 vote in State legislature OR 3/4 vote in ratifying convention)

a and b only

The Great Compromise at the Constitutional Convention involved the following:

a bicameral legislature.

What type of legislature did the United States have under the Articles of Confederation?

a single chamber with each state receiving equal power

THERE is an idea, which is not without its advocates, that a vigorous Executive is inconsistent with the genius of republican government. The enlightened well-wishers to this species of government must at least hope that the supposition is destitute of foundation... Energy in the Executive is a leading character in the definition of good government.... A feeble Executive implies a feeble execution of the government. A feeble execution is but another phrase for a bad execution; and a government ill executed, whatever it may be in theory, must be, in practice, a bad government.... The ingredients which constitute energy in the Executive are, first, unity; secondly, duration; thirdly, an adequate provision for its support; fourthly, competent powers. The ingredients which constitute safety in the republican sense are, first, a due dependence on the people, secondly, a due responsibility. Those politicians and statesmen who have been the most celebrated for the soundness of their principles and for the justice of their views, have declared in favor of a single Executive and a numerous legislature.... --Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 70, 1788 Which of the following did Alexander Hamilton advocate for in Federalist No. 70?

a strong, energetic executive

Shays Rebellion in 1786 illustrated that ______________.

a stronger national government was needed.

Which of the following is a basic principle of the Constitution? (separation of powers in the executive, legislative, and judicial; checks and balances; and federalism where power is divided between the national and state government)

all of the above except d

Under the Articles of Confederation, the national government was weakened by the lack of the following power(s)... (No power to tax, no power to regulate commerce, no executive to implement laws, no judicial system, no coercive power over States)

all of the above.

Historically, vice presidential candidates have been chosen to __________.

balance the presidential ticket

Which of the following presidential powers/roles is Lincoln exercising throughout the Civil War?

commander in chief

In which of the following are powers shared by the federal and state governments in a marble-cake fashion?

cooperative federalism

As one of the functions of the American government, ensuring domestic tranquility means.......

creating a safe and stable society with the country.

What are the two types of federal powers derived from Article I, section 8 of the U.S. Constitution?

enumerated; implied

Overtime, the meaning of promoting the general welfare has ......

evolved as the needs and interest of the citizenry have changed.

Congress creating a Federal Bank is an example of a __________.

implied power.

Which political science term is best explained in this graphic (of A, B, and C)?

iron triangle

Shays's Rebellion contributed to calls for a stronger national government because

it indicated that the national government under the Articles of Confederation was weak.

The practice in Congress whereby Representative A promises to vote for Representative B's legislation, provided that Representative B will support Representative A's legislation, is referred to as

logrolling

Executive agreements have been cited as evidence that

modern presidents often try to avoid legislative checks and balances on their authority

On which of the following enlightenment ideas does the Declaration of Independence rely?

natural rights

This source of power comes from the vocal mass of people and creates power by expressing collective intensity of interest and asserting legitimacy.

numbers

"Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress." —Twenty Fifth Amendment, U.S. Constitution, 1967 The Twenty-Fifth Amendment was enacted in order to clear up uncertainties over the constitutional provisions surrounding __________.

presidential and vice presidential succession

The Virginia Plan was based on the following idea......

representation based on population

Which of the following is a form of government in which the people select representatives to govern and make laws?

republic

What constitutional principle did Madison defend in Federalist No. 51?

separation of powers

When independent regulatory agencies make rules, enforce those rules, and adjudicate disputes arising under those rules, they risk violating the constitutional concept of

separation of powers

Nominations to the Supreme Court must be approved by a

simple majority vote in the Senate only

Most of the work of legislating in Congress takes place in

standing committees/subcommittees

Using law to compel people to do or not to do certain things is called _________.

state action

Article 1, Sec 8 of the Constitution lists the powers that the framers wanted the Congress to possess. These powers are known as the ___________.

the enumerated powers.

This cartoon (of Congress shaking the hand of lobbyists with grease dripping off) speaks to the power of ....

the influence of lobbyists on Capitol Hill

Why did Congress enact the War Powers Resolution?

to limit the powers of the president in the conduct of war

Whose job is it to convey the party's position to rank-and-file congresspersons, keep vote counts, pressure waverers, and report the views and complaints of the House to the party leadership?

whip