MIDTERM REVIEW (LATEST)

The brain is divided in three major parts

1. The brain stem 2. The Cerebellum 3. The cerebrum

which of the following is an example of a trade name of a drug

Tylenol

Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient?

You may not have time to complete a secondary assessment.

The term "behavioral crisis" is MOST accurately defined as

any reaction that interferes with activities of daily living or is deemed unacceptable by others.

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles.

apex

The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following functions, EXCEPT:

breath holding.

The main legal risk in using the AED is:

failing to deliver a shock when one is needed.

Urticaria is the medical term for:

hives

shock caused by fluid or blood loss.

hypovolemic shock

In contrast to viral hepatitis, toxin-induced hepatitis:

is not a communicable disease.

The secondary assessment of a medical patient:

is not practical if the patient is critically ill or your transport time is short.

EMTs arrive at the scene of a patient who was "found down." A family member states that she gave naloxone (Narcan) to the patient before the ambulance arrived. The EMTs should suspect that the patient:

overdosed on an opioid drug.

The greatest danger in displaying a personal bias or "labeling" a patient who frequently calls EMS is:

overlooking a potentially serious medical condition

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:

oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane

Hypotension in a child with blunt or penetrating trauma is particularly significant because:

it often indicates the loss of half of his or her blood volume.

Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, EXCEPT: A. loss of appetite and a cough. B. vomiting, fever, and fatigue. C. pain in the muscles and joints. D. jaundice and abdominal pain.

jaundice and abdominal pain

Early signs and symptoms of viral hepatitis include all of the following, EXCEPT:

jaundice and abdominal pain.

Which of the following assessment findings is MOST indicative of a cardiovascular problem?

jugular venous distention

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:

nonrebreathing mask

vesicular breath sounds

normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli.

Your patient is complaining of fatigue. She is breathing at 18 breaths per minute, has equal chest rise and fall, and has clear lung sounds. She is presenting with signs of ___________.

normal breathing

A patient with an altered mental status is

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

A patient with an altered mental status is:

not thinking clearly or is incapable of being aroused.

shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow int he heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body's tissues.

obstructive shock

Assessment of a patient's blood pressure with an automatic BP cuff reveals that it is 204/120 mm Hg. The patient is conscious and alert and denies any symptoms. The EMT should:

obtain a manual blood pressure.

To ensure that you will deliver the appropriate number of chest compressions during one-rescuer adult CPR, you should compress the patient's chest at a rate of:

100 to 120 compressions per minute.

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi.

After ___________ minutes without oxygen, brain damage is very likely.

6 to 10

The scene size-up step in the assessment of an immunologic emergency is critical because it may indicate __________.

All of these answers are correct.

what is glucose?

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

Glipizide, a non-insulin-type medication, is another name for

Glucotrol.

The patient with_________ is unlikely to need emergency treatment unless the condition has worsened from generalized cold symptoms?

Hay fever

Which of the following medication routes has the slowest rate of absorption?

Oral

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________.

address the patient's symptoms

Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:

adequate amounts of surfactant.

The central nervous system is composed of the:

brain and spinal cord.

The respiratory distress that accompanies emphysema is caused by:

chronic stretching of the alveolar walls.

For a patient with a gastrointestinal complaint, it is MOST important for the EMT to _________.

identify whether the patient requires rapid transport

For a patient with gastrointestinal complaint it is MOST important for the EMT to? determine the cause of the patients complaint identify whether the patient requires rapid transport preform all interventions prior to transport avoid transporting the patient if the condition is minor

identify whether the patient requires rapid transport

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should:

if you ventilate a patient too quickly

The pelvic bones are formed by the fusion of the:

ilium, ischium, and pubis.

Asthma is caused by a response of the:

immune system.

Cardiogenic shock may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased preload.

All of the following will help minimize the risk of gastric distention when ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-mask device, EXCEPT:

increasing the amount of delivered tidal volume.

A hypnotic drug is one that

induces sleep.

Three months after returning home from West Africa, a 50-year-old man begins experiencing a fever, cough, and muscle aches. The EMT should suspect:

influenza

Most poisonings occur via the __________ route.

ingestion

The two processes that occur during respiration are:

inspiration and expiration.

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should:

instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

You are treating a 40-year-old male with a documented blood sugar reading of 480 mg/dL. The patient is semiconscious and breathing shallowly, and is receiving assisted ventilation from your partner. You should recognize that definitive treatment for this patient includes:

insulin

A palpable pulse is created by

pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction

Factors that increase the risk for developing MRSA include:

prolonged hospitalization, especially in an intensive care unit

Factors that increase the risk for developing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) include:

prolonged hospitalization, especially in an intensive care unit.

Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function large intestine stomach spleen small intestine

spleen

In order to recognize and treat early shock, the EMT must ___________.

understand the pathophysiology of shock

What is the most common misconception surrounding mental illness?

Feeling "bad" or "depressed" means that you must be "sick."

croup

An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children.

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or Stroke

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function

stroke

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a cerebrovascular accident (CVA).

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

An interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of brain function; also called a stroke.

carbon monoxide

An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion.

pandemic

An outbreak that occurs on a global scale.

Which of the following would cause an increase in the amount of exhaled carbon dioxide? a) Excessive ventilation b) Anaerobic metabolism c) Increased cardiac output d) Cardiopulmonary arrest

Anaerobic metabolism

referred pain

Pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of pain is located.

A patient with hypoglycemia will often present with which of the following signs/symptoms?

Pale, cool, and clammy skin

Which part of the cardiovascular system is considered "a container"?

The blood vessels

coronary arteries

The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

The brain requires glucose as much as it requires oxygen

An unconscious patient found in a prone position must be placed in a supine position in case he or she:

requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

When administering a medication you are unfamiliar with, what is the first thing you should do?

the usual dosage, and the route of administration.

UTI's are more common in women men sedentary adults active adults

women

Urinary tract infections are more common in ____________.

women

The inferior cartilaginous tip of the sternum is called the:

xiphoid process.

influenza type A

Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain.

The upper airway consists of all anatomic airway structures above the level of?

Vocal chords

emesis

Vomiting.

Which of the following is a function of the upper airway?

Warms and humidifies inhaled air

hemiparesis

Weakness on one side of the body

You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient's wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is

Were you shot at or under fire?

On which of the following patients would it be MOST appropriate to use the flow-restricted, oxygen-powered ventilation device?

a 21-year-old male with traumatic cardiac arrest

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position?

a 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?

a 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms?

a 62 year old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

Common signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency include:

a bounding pulse, a severe headache, and dizziness.

type 2 diabetes

a condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification, but is often managed by medication

Your patient is complaining of chest pain. He states it feels just like his last heart attack. You have applied oxygen with no relief. He does not take any medications. His BP is 88/64, pulse is 100, and respirations are 20. Your treatment should include ___________.

aspirin

A patient who presents with rapid breathing, nausea and vomiting, ringing in the ears, and hyperthermia should be suspected of ingesting a significant quantity of

aspirin.

When assessing a patient who is displaying bizarre behavior, the EMT should

consider that an acute medical illness may be causing the patient's behavior.

Esophageal varices MOST commonly occur in patients who:

consume a lot of alcohol.

You are dispatched to a movie theater for a 39-year-old female with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. As you are assessing her, she pulls an epinephrine auto-injector out of her purse and hands it to you. After administering 100% oxygen, you should:

contact medical control

According to the American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma (ACS-COT), an adult trauma patient should be transported to the highest level of trauma center if he or she

has a GCS score of less than or equal to 13 with a mechanism attributed to trauma.

Activated charcoal is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that:

facilitates movement through the digestive system

The _____________ connect(s) each ovary with the uterus.

fallopian tubes

Two of the MOST common mechanisms of injury for blunt trauma are

falls and motor vehicle collisions

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it:

has a greater ability to produce disease.

In general, oral glucose should be given to any patient who

has an altered mental status and a history of diabetes.

A patient who is possibly experiencing a stroke is NOT eligible for thrombolytic (fibrinolytic) therapy if he or she:

has bleeding within the brain.

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to:

get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis

The bony prominence on the lateral/superior aspect of the thigh is called the:

greater trochanter.

a condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees

hypothermia

The MOST significant complication associated with oropharyngeal suctioning is:

hypoxia due to prolonged suction attempts

the goal of the primary assessment is to

identify and rapidly treat all life threatening conditions

Evaluation of the interior of a crashed motor vehicle during extrication will allow the EMT to

identify contact points and predict potential injuries

The acronym "TACOS" is used to _________.

identify factors that may complicate the patient's condition or your treatment

Approximately 25% of severe injuries to the aorta occur during

lateral collisions.

When an auto-injector is used to give epinephrine, the primary injection site is the

lateral portion of the thigh.

Any attempt to physically restrain a patient should involve ____________.

law enforcement

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: Select one:

pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. Select one: A. patient-assisted B. peer-assisted C. EMT-administered D. paramedic-administered

peer-assisted

The MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face is:

penetrating the cranium.

Your patient complains of chronic burning stomach pain that improves after eating you should suspect: peptic ulcer disease aortic aneurysm pneumonia kidney stones

peptic ulcer disease

Your patient complains of chronic "burning" stomach pain that improves after eating. You should suspect:

peptic ulcer disease.

Your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive, apneic 30-year-old man is met with resistance and you do not see the chest rise. Your second ventilation attempt is also unsuccessful. You should:

perform 30 chest compressions.

You are attending to a 24-year-old male patient who is delusional. His family tells you that his hallucinations started as a teenager and have gotten progressively worse over time. The patient is difficult to communicate with because his speech is erratic and he appears to have his own rules of logic. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from

schizophrenia.

The stinger from a honeybee should be:

scraped away from the skin

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should:

seal the mouth and nose.

You are attending to a 52-year-old female patient who appears to have suffered a stroke. The patient is alone in her apartment and is unable to speak or communicate with you. In determining her medical history, it is most appropriate to:

search for and document all medications (prescription and nonprescription) that the patient may be taking.

The hypoxic drive is the body's _________

secondary respiratory drive

In an apparent suicide attempt, a 19-year-old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline (Elavil). At present, she is conscious and alert and states that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 minutes earlier. Her blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg, her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. When transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for:

seizures and cardiac arrhythmias.

What criteria must be met for a patient to have status epilepticus?

seizures that recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes.

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

sever shortness of breath, mostly at night after several hours of reclining the person is forced to sit up and breath

Orthopnea

severe dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up

A generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure is characterized by:

severe twitching of all the body's muscles

Which of the following factors will cause a decreased minute volume in an adult?

shallow breathing

Which of the following is NOT a possible cause of airway obstruction?

shallow breathing

When a female has reached menarche

she is capable of becoming pregnant.

When a female has reached menarche:

she is capable of becoming pregnant.

a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypo perfusion.

shock

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): Select one: A. untoward effect. B. unpredictable effect. C. side effect. D. therapeutic effect.

side effect

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n):

side effect.

Central chemoreceptors located in the medulla provide feedback to increase the rate and depth of breathing when they sense:

slight elevations in carbon dioxide or a decrease in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid.

circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening

sphincters

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because:

the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

defibrillate

to shock a fibrillating heart with specialized electric current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat.

A person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing:

tolerance.

Toxicology is best described as the study of _________.

toxic or poisonous substances

During the primary assessment, you determine your patient has a life-threatening emergency. You should now:

transport rapidly.

dysrhythmia

An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm

The meaning "around" can have which of the following prefixes?

"peri-" and "circum-"

The adult epinephrine auto-injector delivers ______ mg of epinephrine, and the infant-child auto-injector delivers ______ mg.

0.3; 0.15

Anaphylaxis is MOST accurately defined as a(s)

extreme allergic reaction that may affect multiple body systems

Intrapulmonary shunting occurs when:

blood coming from the right side of the heart bypasses nonfunctional alveoli and returns to the left side of the heart in an unoxygenated state.

Syphilis is a:

bloodborne disease that can successfully be treated with penicillin.

The hypoxic drive is the body's _________.

secondary respiratory drive

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients:

A. who have experienced a head injury.

virulence

The strength or ability of a pathogen to produce disease.

hematology

The study and prevention of blood-related disorders.

stroke volume

The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction.

Muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:

cerebellum

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called;

Adsorption

The effects of epinephrine are typically observed within _________ following administration.

1 minute

sickle cell disease

A hereditary disease that causes normal, round red blood cells to become oblong, or sickle shaped.

Without practice, your CPR skills will __________.

B. deteriorate over time

"Myo" in the word myocarditis means: Select one: A. vein. B. muscle. C. bone. D. cartilage.

B. muscle.

endocrine glands

Glands that secrete or release chemicals that are used inside the body.

Which of the following is part of the male anatomy only? A. Urethra B. Ureter C. Prostate D. Bladder

C. Prostate

Medications encased in a gelatin shell taken by mouth are called;

Capsules

Which of the following is not a charateristic of epinephrine?

Decreases heart rate and blood pressure

Which of the following drugs is commonly referred to as "roofies"?

Rohypnol

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?

Severe anxiety

myocardium

The heart muscle.

anterior

The front surface of the body; the side facing you in the standard anatomic position.

aphasia

The inability to understand and/or produce speech.

Albuterol is a generic name for:

Ventolin

A person's response to their environment is defined as ____________.

behavior

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________.

dose

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include:

family history

Type 1 diabetes

is a condition in which no insulin is produced by the body.

Status epilepticus is characterized by:

prolonged seizures without a return on consciousness

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least

1 month

Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"?

"-al" and "-ic"

Which questions would be most appropriate for the EMT to ask a conscious victim of an allergic reaction?

"Have you taken any medications for this episode and have they helped?"

Which of the following suffixes mean "two"?

"dipl-" and "bi-"

Hypoperfusion is another name for

Shock.

hernia

The protrusion of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening.

Which of the following is an example of a brand name of a drug?

Tylenol

The root "melan/o" means:

black

Which of the following is an example of a symptom

headache

The energy of a moving object is called

kinetic energy

Heroin is an example of a(n):

opioid.

The left cerebral hemisphere controls:

the right side of the body.

The principal clinical difference between a stroke and hypoglycemia is that patients with hypoglycemia:

usually have an altered mental status or decreased level or consciousness

You receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. The patient's respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, her breathing is shallow, her heart rate is 40 beats/min, and her pulse is weak. The husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone (Vicodin), which was refilled the day before. You should:

ventilate her with a BVM.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called:

ventilation.

pleural effusion

A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung.

herpes simplex

A common virus that is asymptomatic in 80% of people carrying it, but characterized by small blisters on the lips or genitals in symptomatic infections.

Which of the following patients is in decompensated shock?

A 20-year-old female with absent radial pulses and dilated pupils

Which of the following patients has experienced the MOST significant fall?

A 4'-6" patient who fell 13'

Which of the following destinations is most appropriate for a 41-year-old male patient who was involved in a rollover motor vehicle collision and is unconscious and unresponsive, assuming that travel times to each is equal?

A Level I or Level II trauma center

What is the difference between a stroke and a transient ischemic attack?

A TIA resolves completely within 24 hours of onset.

urinary tract infection (UTI)

A bacterial infection, usually of the lower urinary tract (urethra and bladder) that occurs when normal flora bacteria enter the urethra and grow.

Which of the following would provide the EMT with the BEST cover in a situation involving active gunfire? Select one: A. A concrete barricade B. Behind a car door C. A large cluster of shrubs D. Stacked empty barrels

A. A concrete barricade

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur? Select one: A. Alveoli B. Bronchi C. Trachea D. Capillaries

A. Alveoli

Which of the following conditions is more common in women than in men? A. Cystitis B. Hepatitis C. Pancreatitis D. Cholecystitis

A. Cystitis

An EMT may injure his or her back, even if it is straight, if the: Select one: A. back is bent forward at the hips. B. force is exerted straight down the spine. C. shoulder is aligned over the pelvis. D. hands are held close to the legs.

A. back is bent forward at the hips.

pneumonia

An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue; its cause can be bacterial, viral, or fungal.

meningococcal meningitis

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious.

meningitis

An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; it is usually caused by a virus or a bacterium.

Which of the following populations typically require a modified drug dose?

Pediatric patients

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. tachycardia. B. hypovolemia. C. diaphoresis. D. hypothermia.

D. hypothermia.

In _____ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner

Peer-assisted

You are dispatched to a home where you find a 70-year-old man. He is exhibiting facial drooping and, when you ask him to tell you what day it is, he says "January." Which part of the brain is most likely to have been affected?

Aphasia is the inability to produce or understand speech. This occurs when the left hemisphere of the cerebrum is impacted by a stroke.

When a psychiatric emergency arises, a patient is most likely to exhibit which of the following behaviors?

Any behaviors that are a violent threat to the patient, EMTs, or others

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. neurogenic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. septic shock

B. cardiogenic shock

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the: Select one: A. left ventricle. B. right atrium. C. right ventricle. D. left atrium.

B. right atrium.

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? A. check for a pulse B. control the bleeding C. open the airway D. administer oxygen

B. control the bleeding

You and your partner have achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a patient who was in cardiac arrest. An ALS unit will arrive in less than 2 minutes. The patient remains unresponsive and has slow, irregular breathing. Further treatment for this patient should include:

BVM ventilation at 10-12 breaths/min and assessment of oxygen saturation.

What is the correct management of a conscious infant who is choking?

Back blows and chest thrusts

inferior

Below a body part or nearer to the feet.

Subcutaneous injections deliver medicaion;

Between the skin and the muscle

subcutaneous injections deliver the medication

Between the skin and the muscle

Which of the following suffixes mean "pertaining to"? Select one: A. "-al" and "-ology" B. "-ic" and "-ology" C. "-al" and "-ic" D. "-ology" and "-oma"

C. "-al" and "-ic"

Which of the following suffixes mean "two"? Select one: A. "primi-" and "bi-" B. "bi-" and "null-" C. "dipl-" and "bi-" D. "primi-" and "dipl-"

C. "dipl-" and "bi-"

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:

Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

Which three bones make up the shoulder girdle?

Clavicle, scapula, humerus

Which of the following is usually associated with a seal-back cough?

Croup

A blue skin discoloration that is cased by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood.

Cyanosis

Which of the following statements is NOT appropriate to document in the narrative section of a PCR? Select one: A. "The patient admits to smoking marijuana earlier in the day." B. "Significant damage was noted to the front end of the vehicle." C. "After oxygen was administered, the patient's breathing improved." D. "General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

D. "General impression revealed that the patient was intoxicated."

Trench collapses usually involve large areas of falling dirt that weigh approximately _______ per cubic foot. Select one: A. 200 lb B. 150 lb C. 50 lb D. 100 lb

D. 100 lb

A behavioral crisis interferes with which of the following? A. Activities of daily living B. Behavior that is acceptable to the community C. Dressing, eating, or breathing D. All of these answers are correct

D. All of these answers are correct

Maintaining the chain of evidence at the scene of a crime should include: Select one: A. quickly moving any weapons out of the patient's sight. B. placing the patient in a private area until the police arrive. C. making brief notes at the scene and then completing them later. D. not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

D. not cutting through holes in clothing that were caused by weapons.

A barrel chest is a sign and symptom of which disease?

Emphysema

dysarthria

Slurred speech

How is nitroglycerin usually administered by an EMT?

Sublingually

hematemesis

Vomited blood.

communicable disease

a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another

Delirium tremens (DTs) is a syndrome associated with withdrawal from

alcohol.

shock caused by severe infection, usually bacterial infection.

septic shock

The diaphragm functions as an involuntary muscle when a person:

sleeps.

Two of the MOST common signs of anaphylaxis are

urticaria and angioedema.

hypertensive emergency

An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, leads to stroke or aneurysm.

anaphylaxis

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Interruption of cerebral blood flow may result from all of the following, EXCEPT:

cerebral vasodilation.

Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of his or her total blood volume.

20%

The air you breathe is _______ oxygen, and the air you exhale is _______ oxygen.

21%, 16%

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections?

24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

The jaw-thrust maneuver is used to open the airway of patients with suspected:

cervical spine injuries.

A patient whose speech is slurred and difficult to understand is experiencing:

dysarthria.

A 7-year-old, 25-kg child ingested two bottles of Tylenol approximately 30 minutes ago and medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal. You should administer

25 g.

At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:

expiratory wheezing.

A fractured femur can result in the loss of ______ or more of blood into the soft tissues of the thigh.

1 L

From a mental health standpoint, an abnormal or disturbing pattern of behavior is a matter of concern if it lasts for at least:

1 month.

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?

29-year old woman with respirations of 20 breaths/min, who is conscious and alert.

The partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg, while the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is _______ mm Hg.

104, 40

Your patient answers your questions appropriately, although her eyes remain closed the entire time. She moves each extremity on command, although her left side is weaker than the right. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:

12

An adult at rest should have a respiratory rate that ranges between:

12 and 20 breaths/min.

The normal respiratory rate for an adult should range from

12 to 20

The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).

2,000

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than:

300 mm Hg

In two-rescuer adult CPR, you should deliver a compression to ventilation ratio of:

30:2.

Stroke Assessment Tools include:

3-Item Stroke Severity Scale (LAG Scale); FAST: and Glasgow Coma Scale

Most patients who die of anaphylaxis do so within the first ____ minutes following exposure.

30

After ________ minutes without oxygen, permanent brain damage is possible.

4-6

You arrive at a residence approximately 20 minutes after a 7-year-old boy, who weighs 22 kg, ingested a bottle of Advil. He is conscious and alert and has stable vital signs. Medical control orders you to administer activated charcoal and then transport the child at once. The appropriate maximum dose of activated charcoal for this child is:

44 g.

With the flowmeter set at 6 L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to _______ oxygen

44%

With the flowmeter set at 6L/min, the nasal cannula will deliver up to ______ oxygen;

44%

At a flow rate of 6 L/min, a nasal cannula can deliver an approximate oxygen concentration of up to:

44%.

A patient in unstable condition should be reassessed at least every

5 minutes

What is the minute volume of a patient with a tidal volume of 500 mL, a dead space volume of 150 mL, and a respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min?

5,600 mL

What is the approximate blood volume of an 80-kg adult male?

5.60 L

You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving?

55%

You should attempt to maintain a chest compression fraction of at least:

60%

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service?

61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of

7

Your patient opens his eyes, moans, and pulls away from you when you pinch his trapezius muscle. You should assign a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of:

8

The normal blood glucose level is between:

80 and 120 mg/dL

The normal glucose range in non-fasting children and adults is ____________.

80-120 mg/dL

With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask is capable of delivering up to ______% inspired oxygen.

90

the rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than

90 to 120 seconds

The goal of oxygenation for most patients is an oxygen saturation of

94% to 99%

pulmonary edema

A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure.

Meningitis

A central nervous system infection in which the patient may complain of a headache, stiff neck, fever, and sensitivity to light

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

A bacterium that can cause infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; it is transmitted by different routes, including the respiratory route, and can be found on the skin; in surgical wounds; and in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract.

occlusion

A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel.

embolus

A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel, where it causes a blockage.

pulmonary embolism

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing a sudden blockage of the pulmonary artery and an obstruction of blood flow.

thromboembolism

A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream.

thrombosis

A blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system. When the clot occurs in a cerebral artery, it may result in the interruption of cerebral blood flow and subsequent stroke.

hormones

A chemical substance produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues; regulates many body functions, including metabolism, growth, and body temperature.

tuberculosis

A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys; ( spread by cough and can lie dormant in a person's lungs for decades and then reactivate.)

carbon dioxide retention

A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide.

hypoxic drive

A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases.

status epilepticus

A condition in which seizures recur every few minutes or last longer than 30 minutes.

dissecting aneurysm

A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers.

gastroesophageal reflux disease [GERD]

A condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, usually resulting in a burning sensation within the chest; also called acid reflux.

acute abdomen

A condition of sudden onset of pain within the abdomen, usually indicating peritonitis; immediate medical or surgical treatment is necessary.

hypoxia

A dangerous condition in which the body's tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen.

epiglottitis

A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction.

emphysema

A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

epilepsy

A disorder in which abnormal electrical discharges occur in the brain, causing seizure and possible loss of consciousness.

Atherosclerosis

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow; an accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the arteries.

atherosclerosis

A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, eventually leading to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow; an accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the arteries.

congestive heart failure (CHF)

A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs.

transient ischemic attack

A disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset.

syncope

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness, often caused by an interruption of blood flow to the brain

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available.

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.

stridor

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.

acute myocardial infarction (AMI)

A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it; in this context the attack is "new" or "happening right now."

hemophilia

A hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more of the blood's normal clotting factors, which results in uncontrollable bleeding.

wheezing

A high-pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration, and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma, bronchiolitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

insulin

A hormone produced by the islets of Langerhans (endocrine gland located throughout the pancreas) that enables glucose in the blood to enter cells; used in synthetic form to treat and control diabetes mellitus.

ischemia

A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

A life-threatening condition resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage.

cardiac output

A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.

diabetes mellitus

A metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because of a lack of insulin.

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation.

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

A miniature spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication may be inhaled through the mouth and into the lungs.

seizure

A neurologic episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain; can be a convulsion characterized by generalized, uncoordinated muscular activity, and can be associated with loss of consciousness.

A respiratory rate of 25 to 50 breaths in an infant indicates?

A normal rate of respiration

pneumothorax

A partial or complete accumulation of air or gas in the pleural space.

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking blood thinners will experience slower blood clotting

Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric emergency?

A person violently attacking family members

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker?

A rapid heart rate

tachycardia

A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min.

ventricular tachycardia

A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle, which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest.

small-volume nebulizer .

A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma

partial (focal) seizure

A seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain.

Which of the following MOST accurately describes a simple partial seizure?

A seizure that begins in one extremity

generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure

A seizure that features rhythmic back-and-forth motion of an extremity and body stiffness, or extreme twitching of all of the body's muscles, that may last several minutes or more; formerly known as a grand mal seizure.

aura

A sensation experienced before a seizure; serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur.

Which of the following conditions might an EMT suspect as a possible cause for bleeding from the nose and mouth?

A skull fracture, high blood pressure, a sinus infection

bradycardia

A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min.

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction

cardiogenic shock

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction

coma

A state of profound unconsciousness from which the patient cannot be roused.

symptomatic hyperglycemia

A state of unconsciousness resulting from several problems, including ketoacidosis, dehydration because of excessive urination, and hyperglycemia.

parasympathetic nervous system

A subdivision of the autonomic nervous system, involved in control of involuntary functions such as digestion of food and relaxation, mediated largely by the vagus nerve through the chemical acetylcholine.

allergens

A substance that causes an allergic reaction.

EMTs are dispatched for a teenage male who is "not acting right." When they arrive, they are informed that the patient was huffing. Several cans of Freon are found near the patient. Which of the following is unique consideration for this patient?

A sudden adrenaline release can cause a fatal dysrhythmia.

delirium

A sudden change in mental status that is generally acute and reversible, characterized by disorientation, inability to focus, inattention, inability to think logically, memory loss, striking changes in personality and affect, hallucinations, delusions, or a decreased level of consciousness.

thrombophilia

A tendency toward the development of blood clots as a result of an abnormality of the system of coagulation.

artifact

A tracing on an ECG that is the result of interference, such as patient movement, rather than the heart's electrical activity.

hemorrhagic stroke

A type of stroke that occurs as a result of bleeding inside the brain.

ischemic stroke

A type of stroke that occurs when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage (eg, a blood clot) inside a blood vessel.

respiratory syncytial virus

A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia; highly contagious and spread through droplets.

influenza

A virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and infected humans and that kills thousands of people every year.

aortic aneurysm

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture.

The EMT's first priority is __________. Select one: A. personal safety B. rapid response C. treatment and transport D. empathy for all patients

A. personal safety

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult? Select one: A. 12-20 breaths/min B. 15-30 breaths/min C. 40-60 breaths/min D. 25-50 breaths/min

A. 12-20 breaths/min

Hydroplaning of the ambulance on wet roads would MOST likely occur at speeds of greater than _____ mph. Select one: A. 30 B. 10 C. 20 D. 15

A. 30

What is the correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for adult CPR? Select one: A. 30:2 B. 5:1 C. 30:1 D. 3:2

A. 30:2

Hypovolemic shock caused by severe burns is the result of a loss of: Select one: A. plasma. B. platelets. C. whole blood. D. red blood cells.

A. plasma.

The rapid exam of a patient that occurs following the primary assessment should take no longer than: Select one: A. 60 to 90 seconds. B. 90 to 120 seconds. C. 120 to 180 seconds. D. 30 seconds.

A. 60 to 90 seconds.

In preparing for a disaster, EMS systems should have enough supplies for at least a ______ period of self-sufficiency. Select one: A. 72-hour B. 96-hour C. 24-hour D. 48-hour

A. 72-hour

Which of the following patients should you place in the recovery position? Select one: A. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing B. A 19-year-old conscious male with a closed head injury and normal respirations C. A 40-year-old conscious female with a possible neck injury and regular respirations D. A 24-year-old unconscious female who overdosed and has a reduced tidal volume

A. A 31-year-old semiconscious male with low blood sugar and adequate breathing

Which of the following general statements regarding consent is correct? Select one: A. A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated. B. Patients who are intoxicated are generally allowed to refuse treatment. C. All patients older than 18 years can legally refuse treatment or transport. D. Expressed consent is valid only if given in writing by a family member.

A. A patient can consent to transport but can legally refuse to be treated.

You are dispatched to a residence for a 40-year-old female who complains of lower abdominal pain, fever and chills, and a foul-smelling vaginal discharge. Which of the following additional assessment findings would increase your index of suspicion for pelvic inflammatory disease? A. A shuffling gait when walking B. Bright red blood in the urine C. A history of ectopic pregnancy D. Vaginal passage of blood clots

A. A shuffling gait when walking

Which of the following conditions or situations presents the MOST unique challenge to the EMT when immobilizing an elderly patient on a long backboard? Select one: A. Abnormal spinal curvature B. Naturally deformed bones C. Patient disorientation D. Joint flexibility

A. Abnormal spinal curvature

While auscultating an elderly woman's breath sounds, you hear low-pitched "rattling" sounds at the bases of both of her lungs. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following conditions? Select one: A. Aspiration pneumonia B. Widespread atelectasis C. Early pulmonary edema D. Acute asthma attack

A. Aspiration pneumonia

Which of the following components are needed to prove negligence? Select one: A. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation B. Abandonment, breach of duty, damages, and causation C. Duty to act, abandonment, breach of duty, and causation D. Breach of duty, injury/damages, abandonment, and causation

A. Duty to act, breach of duty, injury/damages, and causation

Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training? Select one: A. EMT B. EMR C. AEMT D. Paramedic

A. EMT

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. En route to the hospital B. During the primary assessment C. Prior to transport D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

A. En route to the hospital

When should nonlifesaving interventions be performed for your multisystem trauma patient? Select one: A. En route to the hospital B. Prior to transport C. During the primary assessment D. Immediately after the injuries are discovered

A. En route to the hospital

Which of the following duties or responsibilities does NOT fall within the realm of the medical branch of the incident command system? Select one: A. Extrication B. Treatment C. Transport D. Triage

A. Extrication

What are the three components of the "perfusion triangle"? Select one: A. Heart, blood vessels, blood B. Plasma, red blood cells, platelets C. Heart, brain, lungs D. Arteries, veins, capillaries

A. Heart, blood vessels, blood

A type _____ ambulance features a conventional, truck cab-chassis with a modular ambulance body that can be transferred to a newer chassis as needed. Select one: A. I B. III C. II D. IV

A. I

Which of the following is NOT a facial bone? A. Mastoid B. Maxilla C. Mandible D. Zygoma

A. Mastoid

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? Select one: A. Medical history B. Index of suspicion C. Baseline vital signs D. Primary assessment

A. Medical history

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct? Select one: A. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire. B. Oxygen cylinders must always remain in an upright position. C. Oxygen is most safely administered in an enclosed environment. D. Oxygen is flammable and may explode if under high pressure.

A. Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position? Select one: A. Prone B. Supine C. Recumbent D. Dorsal

A. Prone

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? Select one: A. Secondary sexual development begins. B. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. C. The systolic blood pressure decreases. D. The normal pulse rate steadily increases.

A. Secondary sexual development begins.

Which of the following clinical signs would necessitate the administration of naloxone (Narcan)? Select one: A. Slow respirations B. Extreme agitation C. Hypertension D. Tachycardia

A. Slow respirations

Which of the following statements regarding blast injuries is correct? Select one: A. Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase. B. Tertiary blast injuries are penetrating or nonpenetrating injuries that result from flying debris, such as ordnance projectiles. C. Solid organs such as the middle ear, lungs, and gastrointestinal tract are the most susceptible to pressure changes. D. The gastrointestinal tract is the organ system most sensitive to blast injuries and is the leading cause of death following an explosion.

A. Solid organs are relatively protected from shock wave injury but may be injured during the secondary or tertiary blast phase.

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition? Select one: A. Spontaneous pneumothorax B. Exacerbation of his COPD C. Acute pulmonary embolism D. Rupture of the diaphragm

A. Spontaneous pneumothorax

Which of the following signs/symptoms is considered particularly significant in gynecological emergencies? A. Syncope B. Abdominal cramping C. Painful urination D. Vaginal bleeding

A. Syncope

Which of the following describes the Moro reflex? Select one: A. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled. B. An infant's heart rate decreases secondary to hypoxia because he or she depends heavily on the heart rate to perfuse the body. C. When the sole of the foot is stroked with a blunt object, the big toe lifts upward and the other toes fan outward. D. When something touches a neonate's cheek, he or she instinctively turns his or her head toward the touch.

A. The neonate opens his or her arms wide, spreads his or her fingers, and seems to grasp at something after being startled.

Which of the following statements regarding the different stages of the grieving process is correct? Select one: A. The stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously. B. It is rare that people will jump back and forth between stages. C. Bargaining is the most unpleasant stage of the grieving process. D. The grieving process typically begins with severe depression.

A. The stages of the grieving process may occur simultaneously.

Why do middle adults commonly experience financial concerns? Select one: A. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands. B. Most people in the middle adult age group have chronic illnesses and cannot work. C. They are typically receiving social security and must budget with a fixed income. D. The majority of middle adults still have small children who live at home with them.

A. They are preparing for retirement but must still manage everyday financial demands.

When is forcible restraint permitted? Select one: A. When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others B. Only if law enforcement personnel have witnessed threatening behavior C. Anytime that the EMT feels threatened D. Only if consent to restrain is given by a family member

A. When the patient poses a significant threat to self or others

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________. Select one: A. a fever B. seizures C. a low blood glucose level D. abdominal pain

A. a fever

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates: Select one: A. a lower airway obstruction. B. fluid in the alveoli. C. secretions in the airway. D. swelling of the upper airway.

A. a lower airway obstruction.

Neurogenic shock is caused by A. a radical change in the size of the vascular system B. massive vasoconstriction C. low volume D. fluid collecting around the spinal cord causing compression of the cord

A. a radical change in the size of the vascular system

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has: Select one: A. abnormal breath sounds. B. diminished breath sounds. C. normal breath sounds. D. an absence of breath sounds.

A. abnormal breath sounds.

In preconventional reasoning, children: Select one: A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want. B. make decisions based on their conscience. C. look for approval from their peers and society. D. blame their actions on what they have observed in older children.

A. act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: A. adsorption. B. digestion. C. suspension. D. absorption.

A. adsorption.

During your assessment of a 20-year-old man with a severe headache and nausea, you ask him when his headache began, but he does not answer your question immediately. You should: Select one: A. allow him time to think about the question and respond to it. B. tell him that you cannot help him unless he answers your questions. C. repeat your question because he probably did not hear you. D. ask him if he frequently experiences severe headaches and nausea.

A. allow him time to think about the question and respond to it.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. anaphylactic shock B. septic shock C. neurogenic shock D. psychogenic shock

A. anaphylactic shock

Vector-borne transmission of an infectious organism occurs via: Select one: A. animals or insects. B. direct contact. C. smoke or dust. D. inanimate objects.

A. animals or insects.

The ___________ of the heart is the inferior portion of the ventricles. Select one: A. apex B. base C. septum D. dorsum

A. apex

Which of the following MOST accurately defines an allergic reaction?

An exaggerated immune system response to any substance

During your monthly internal quality improvement (QI) meeting, you review several patient care reports (PCRs) with the staff of your EMS system. You identify the patient's name, age, and sex, and then discuss the treatment that was provided by the EMTs in the field. By taking this approach to the QI process, you: Select one: A. are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand. B. violated the patient's privacy because you should have discussed the information only with the EMTs involved. C. acted appropriately but must have each EMT sign a waiver stating that he or she will not discuss the cases with others. D. adequately safeguarded the patient's PHI because the cases were discussed internally.

A. are in violation of HIPAA because you did not remove the PHI from the PCR beforehand.

While triaging patients at the scene of a building collapse, you encounter a young child who is conscious, alert, and breathing; has bilateral radial pulses; and has a severely angulated leg, which is not bleeding. According to the JumpSTART triage system, you should: Select one: A. assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients. B. evacuate him to a designated area and assign him a minimal (green) category. C. apply high-flow oxygen, obtain baseline vital signs, and continue triaging. D. quickly bind his legs together to stabilize the fracture, and continue triaging

A. assign him a delayed (yellow) category and continue triaging the other patients.

After eating at a local restaurant, a 20-year-old male complains of blurred vision, difficulty speaking, and difficulty breathing. He is conscious; however, his respirations are profoundly labored and producing minimal tidal volume. You should: Select one: A. assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen. B. position him supine and elevate his legs. C. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. D. request a paramedic to administer atropine.

A. assist his ventilations with high-flow oxygen.

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions: Select one: A. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact. B. before you load the patient into the ambulance. C. immediately after completion of your primary assessment. D. after it has been determined that the patient is bleeding.

A. before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact.

Following proper decontamination, a 30-year-old male is brought to you. He is semiconscious and has rapid, shallow respirations. A quick visual assessment reveals no obvious bleeding. You should: Select one: A. begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation. B. ask a firefighter what the patient was exposed to. C. perform a rapid assessment to locate critical injuries. D. administer high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

A. begin some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

A patient has fractured both femurs. Anatomically, these injuries would be described as being: Select one: A. bilateral. B. medial. C. proximal. D. unilateral.

A. bilateral.

When relaying patient information via radio, communications should be: Select one: A. brief and easily understood. B. lengthy and complete. C. spoken in a loud voice. D. coded and scripted.

A. brief and easily understood.

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it: Select one: A. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. B. is generally well tolerated in conscious patients with an intact gag reflex. C. can effectively stabilize fractured nasal bones if it is inserted properly. D. effectively maintains the airway of a patient in cardiopulmonary arrest.

A. can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex.

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: Select one: A. capsules. B. caplets. C. pills. D. tablets.

A. capsules.

The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from a surface or equipment is called: Select one: A. cleaning. B. sterilization. C. disinfection. D. high-level disinfection.

A. cleaning.

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to: Select one: A. communicate effectively with other members of the health care team. B. perform and document more accurate patient assessments. C. determine and document more accurate patient diagnoses. D. more clearly explain to patients the nature of their condition.

A. communicate effectively with other members of the health care team.

Your patient is in shock but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation this is called? A. compensated shock B. decompensated shock C. late shock D. irreversable shock

A. compensated shock

Ethnocentrism is defined as: Select one: A. considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture. B. understanding that people from different cultural backgrounds respond to pain and stress differently. C. subconsciously forcing your cultural values onto a patient because you feel that your own values are more acceptable. D. suspecting that a person has an ulterior motive based on the tone of his or her voice when answering a question.

A. considering your own cultural values to be more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

The ____________ is a muscular dome that forms the inferior boundary of the thorax, separating the thorax from the abdomen. Select one: A. diaphragm B. mediastinum C. costal arch D. costovertebral angle

A. diaphragm

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a fire at a large office complex. Witnesses tell you that they heard a loud explosion shortly before the building caught fire. You should: Select one: A. ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building. B. tell the witnesses that you suspect that the explosion was the work of a terrorist. C. take standard precautions and begin searching for critically injured patients. D. carefully document the witnesses' statements and report them immediately.

A. ensure that your ambulance is parked upwind and uphill from the building.

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used

The MOST significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

hypertension.

A 30-year-old male presents with acute shortness of breath, widespread hives, and facial swelling. He denies any past medical history and takes no medications. During your assessment, you hear wheezing over all the lung fields. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to giving him high-flow oxygen, the MOST important treatment for this patient is: Select one: A. epinephrine. B. a beta-antagonist. C. albuterol. D. an antihistamine.

A. epinephrine.

When performing his or her duties, the EMT is generally expected to: Select one: A. exercise reasonable care and act prudently. B. function above his or her scope of practice. C. contact medical control on every EMS call. D. consistently exceed the standard of care.

A. exercise reasonable care and act prudently.

Risk factors for AMI that cannot be controlled include: Select one: A. family history. B. lack of exercise. C. hyperglycemia. D. excess stress.

A. family history.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. fluid accumulation outside the lung. B. diffuse collapsing of the alveoli. C. a unilaterally collapsed lung. D. a bacterial infection of the lung tissue.

A. fluid accumulation outside the lung.

Most cases of anthrax begin with: Select one: A. flulike symptoms. B. signs of shock. C. respiratory distress. D. pulmonary edema.

A. flulike symptoms.

The areas of the infant's skull that have not yet fused together are called ________. Select one: A. fontanelles B. cranial valleys C. sutures D. ventricles

A. fontanelles

The brain connects to the spinal cord through a large opening at the base of the skull called the: Select one: A. foramen magnum. B. spinous foramen. C. foramen ovale. D. vertebral foramen.

A. foramen magnum.

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT:

A. forceful coughing.

A supervisor who has more than seven people reporting to him or her: Select one: A. has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person. B. is more beneficial to the overall effort than a supervisor with fewer personnel because his or her team can accomplish more tasks. C. should assign a specific task to each person reporting to him or her and regularly follow up to ensure that the tasks were carried out. D. should regularly report to the incident commander (IC) to inform him or her of the functions that his or her team is performing.

A. has exceeded an effective span of control and should divide tasks and delegate the supervision of some tasks to another person.

Vaccination against the hepatitis A virus is unnecessary if you: Select one: A. have been infected with hepatitis in the past. B. have a weak immune system. C. received a hepatitis B vaccination. D. are older than 35 years of age.

A. have been infected with hepatitis in the past.

Asthma is caused by a response of the: Select one: A. immune system. B. cardiovascular system. C. endocrine system. D. respiratory system.

A. immune system.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: Select one: A. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. B. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. C. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. D. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults.

A. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

The MOST common and usually the most serious ambulance crashes occur at: Select one: A. intersect B. stop signs. C. railroad crossings. D. stop lights.

A. intersect

A diabetic patient has polydipsia. This means that she: Select one: A. is excessively thirsty. B. is unable to swallow. C. urinates frequently. D. has low blood sugar.

A. is excessively thirsty.

You respond to the residence of a 70-year-old male who complains of weakness and severe shortness of breath. His wife tells you that he is a dialysis patient, but has missed his last two treatments. After applying oxygen, you auscultate his lungs and hear diffuse rhonchi. The patient is conscious, but appears confused. His blood pressure is 98/54 mm Hg, his pulse rate is 120 beats/min and irregular, and his respirations are 24 breaths/min and labored. You should: A. leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport. B. place him in a supine position, elevate his lower extremities, and transport at once. C. treat for shock and request a paramedic unit to respond to the scene and assist you. D. perform a detailed secondary assessment and then transport him to a dialysis center.

A. leave him in a sitting position, keep him warm, and prepare for immediate transport.

Most patients with abdominal pain prefer to A. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen B. sit in a semi-fowler position with their knees slightly bent C. lie in a supine position with their knees in a flexed position D. sit fully upright because it helps relax the abdominal muscles

A. lie on their side with their knees drawn into the abdomen

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: Select one: A. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. B. perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. C. transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital. D. have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away.

A. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

When arriving at the scene of an overturned tractor-trailer rig, you note that a green cloud is being emitted from the crashed vehicle. The driver is still in the truck; he is conscious but bleeding profusely from the head. After notifying the hazardous materials team, you should: Select one: A. position the ambulance upwind. B. quickly gain access to the patient. C. ask the driver to exit the vehicle. D. park downhill from the scene.

A. position the ambulance upwind.

The simplest, yet most effective method of preventing the spread of an infectious disease is to: Select one: A. wash your hands in between patient contacts. B. undergo an annual physical examination. C. ensure that your immunizations are up-to-date. D. undergo annual testing for tuberculosis and hepatitis.

A. wash your hands in between patient contacts.

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by: Select one: A. limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling. B. maintaining increased intrathoracic pressure during the downward stroke of each chest compression, which forces more blood from both of the ventricles. C. drawing all of the air out of the lungs in between chest compressions, which causes positive intrathoracic pressure and a reduction of blood return to the right side of the heart. D. maximizing the amount of air in the lungs following chest recoil, which hyperinflates the lungs and forces more blood from the ventricle during each compression.

A. limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.

As an EMT, the standards of emergency care are often partially based on: Select one: A. locally accepted protocols. B. the wishes of the general public. C. a consensus among paramedic supervisors. D. the priorities of the medical director.

A. locally accepted protocols.

At the scene of an automobile crash, a utility pole has been broken and power lines are lying across the car. The patients inside the car are conscious. You should: Select one: A. mark off a danger zone around the downed lines. B. proceed with normal extrication procedures. C. advise the patients to carefully get out of the car. D. remove the lines with a nonconductive object.

A. mark off a danger zone around the downed lines.

In contrast to bleeding caused by external trauma to the vagina, bleeding caused by conditions such as polyps or cancer: A. may be relatively painless. B. is typically not as severe. C. can be controlled in the field. D. often presents with acute pain.

A. may be relatively painless.

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on: Select one: A. medical director approval. B. the patient's condition. C. an order from a paramedic. D. the transport time to the hospital.

A. medical director approval.

The EMT's scope of practice within his or her local response area is defined by the: Select one: A. medical director. B. EMS supervisor. C. state EMS office. D. local health district.

A. medical director.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that: Select one: A. minute volume is decreased. B. expiratory reserve volume is decreased. C. overall tidal volume is increased. D. inspiratory reserve is increased.

A. minute volume is decreased.

The FIRST step in the START triage system is to: Select one: A. move all walking patients to a designated area. B. focus on the patients who are unconscious. C. get a quick head count of all the patients involved. D. scan the area for patients with severe bleeding.

A. move all walking patients to a designated area.

Angina pectoris occurs when: Select one: A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply. B. a coronary artery is totally occluded by plaque. C. myocardial oxygen supply exceeds the demand. D. one or more coronary arteries suddenly spasm.

A. myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________. Select one: A. nature of illness B. field diagnosis C. associated symptoms D. medical history

A. nature of illness

A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a: Select one: A. nonrebreathing mask. B. nasal cannula. C. mouth-to-mask device. D. bag-valve mask.

A. nonrebreathing mask.

The respiratory rate of 30 breaths per minute in an infant is ________. Select one: A. normal B. too shallow C. too fast D. too slow

A. normal

When providing a patient report via radio, you should protect the patient's privacy by: Select one: A. not disclosing his or her name. B. refraining from objective statements. C. withholding medical history data. D. using coded medical language.

A. not disclosing his or her name.

Unlike a multiple-casualty incident, a natural disaster: Select one: A. often requires personnel to remain on scene for several days. B. exists when there are more than 100 critically injured patients. C. is typically short-lived and does not require as much manpower. D. usually does not require the incident command system process.

A. often requires personnel to remain on scene for several days.

You are attending to a 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. Your patient has been having lower abdominal pains and cramping for the past two hours. In placing your patient on the stretcher and preparing for transport, you should place her: Select one: A. on her left side. B. in a position of comfort. C. supine with her legs elevated. D. in the Fowler position.

A. on her left side.

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium. Select one: A. orbit B. sphenoid C. mastoid D. occiput

A. orbit

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain you should: A. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful B. ask the patient to point to the area of pain or tenderness and assess for rebound tenderness over the specific area C. visually assess the painful area of the abdomen but avoid palpation because this could worsen their condition D. observe for abdominal guarding which is characterized by sudden relaxation of the abdominal muscles when palpated

A. palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of: Select one: A. pandemics. B. epidemics. C. uncontrolled outbreaks. D. parasitic infection

A. pandemics.

In ___________ administration, you are administering medication to yourself or your partner. Select one: A. peer-assisted B. patient-assisted C. EMT-administered D. paramedic-administered

A. peer-assisted

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you note that two small cars collided head-on; the occupants are still in their vehicles. The fire department is in the process of stabilizing the vehicles and law enforcement personnel are directing traffic. After parking the ambulance at a safe distance, you and your partner should: Select one: A. put on high-visibility safety vests. B. assist with vehicle stabilization. C. quickly begin the triage process. D. report to the incident commander.

A. put on high-visibility safety vests.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by:

A. respiratory arrest.

"PASTE" is an alternate assessment tool for ___________. Select one: A. respiratory patients B. seizure patients C. stroke patients D. cardiac patients

A. respiratory patients

The ability to take appropriate action with little direction is known as __________. Select one: A. self-motivation B. diplomacy C. time management D. self-confidence

A. self-motivation

Shock i due to severe infection is called? A. septic sock B. neurogenic shock C. anaphylactic shock D. hypovolemic shock

A. septic sock

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: Select one: A. shrinkage of the brain. B. a decrease in neurons. C. blood vessel dilation. D. meningeal deterioration.

A. shrinkage of the brain.

After taking diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for an allergic reaction, a person begins experiencing drowsiness and a dry mouth. These findings are an example of a(n): Select one: A. side effect. B. therapeutic effect. C. unpredictable effect. D. untoward effect.

A. side effect.

You could be sued for ___________ if your radio report to the hospital describes the patient in a manner that injures his or her reputation. Select one: A. slander B. negligence C. assault D. libel

A. slander

The EMT should perform a "rapid scan" to determine if the patient is __________ during the __________. A. stable or unstable; primary assessment B. breathing or not breathing; primary assessment C. complaining of vaginal bleeding; history taking D. pregnant; secondary assessment

A. stable or unstable; primary assessment

While en route to a call for a patient in cardiac arrest, you approach a stopped school bus with its red warning lights flashing. You should: Select one: A. stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing. B. pass the bus only after all the children have exited. C. slowly and carefully pass the bus on the left side. D. back up and take an alternate route to the scene.

A. stop and wait until the warning lights stop flashing.

As you and your partner are carrying a stable patient down a flight of stairs in a stair chair, you feel a sudden, sharp pain in your lower back. You should: Select one: A. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance. B. stop the move and have the patient walk down the stairs. C. guide your partner while moving the chair backwards. D. reposition your hands and continue to move the patient.

A. stop the move and request additional lifting assistance.

Activated charcoal is an example of a(n): Select one: A. suspension. B. elixir. C. gel. D. solution.

A. suspension.

At present, the likelihood of a nuclear attack against the United States is very low because: Select one: A. terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb. B. the United States has an effective early warning system to detect an incoming nuclear missile. C. other than the United States, no other countries are currently in possession of nuclear weapons. D. all nuclear devices or weapons that different countries are in possession of are currently accounted for.

A. terrorist nations do not have the ability to deliver a nuclear weapon via missile or bomb.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when: Select one: A. the cells function with adequate oxygen. B. the cells function without oxygen. C. carbon dioxide levels in the blood are high. D. circulating blood glucose levels fall.

A. the cells function with adequate oxygen.

You are caring for a 56-year-old male patient complaining of abdominal pain. Your service has recently switched to an electronic PCR system (ePCR). When completing the ePCR, it is important to be aware that: Select one: A. the ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers. B. the ePCR is relatively unsecured and should not contain patient-specific information. C. a written patient care record will need to be completed on arrival at the hospital. D. the ePCR does not contain the same level of information as the written version and your verbal report should be expanded.

A. the ePCR allows patient information to be transmitted directly to the receiving hospital's computers.

EMTs receive a call for a possible sexual assault. The patient is a young female who is conscious and alert and has no apparent injuries. She states, "I cannot remember anything, but I know I was raped." The EMTs should suspect that: A. the patient was given a drug prior to the incident. B. the patient knew her attacker, but is afraid to say. C. an underlying head injury is causing her amnesia. D. the traumatic experience has created a mental block.

A. the patient was given a drug prior to the incident.

To protect vital organs the body compensates by directing the flow away form the organs that are more tolerant of low flow such as? A. the skin B. the heart C. the brain D. the lungs

A. the skin

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the skin. B. the heart. C. the brain. D. the lungs.

A. the skin.

Urine is transported from the kidneys to the urinary bladder via the: Select one: A. ureters. B. renal duct. C. urethra. D. prostate.

A. ureters.

To facilitate a safe and coordinated move, the team leader should: Select one: A. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves. B. never become involved in the move, only direct the move. C. be positioned at the feet so the team can hear. D. speak softly but clearly to avoid startling the patient.

A. use preparatory commands to initiate any moves.

The physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs is called: Select one: A. ventilation. B. oxygenation. C. diffusion. D. respiration.

A. ventilation.

The sperm typically fertilizes the egg in the _________. A.fallopian tube B. vagina C. uterus D. ovary

A.fallopian tube

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication every time it is used.

Which of the following statements regarding the metered-dose inhaler is correct;

An MDI delivers the same amount of medication everytime it is used

aneurysm

An abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall.

hyperglycemia

An abnormally high blood glucose level.

hypoglycemia

An abnormally low blood glucose level.

asthma

An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages.

pertussis

An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years, in which the patient is feverish and exhibits a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection

hay fever

An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis.

type 1 diabetes

An autoimmune disorder in which the individual's immune system produces antibodies to the pancreatic beta cells, and therefore the pancreas cannot produce insulin; onset in early childhood is common.

Which of the following statements regarding the use of an AED in children is correct?

AED use in children up to 8 years of age involves pediatric pads and an energy reducer.

adventitious breath sounds

Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles.

superior

Above a body part or nearer to the head.

A patient with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) tells you that the device's pump flow is continuous. Which of the following should you expect to encounter during your assessment?

Absence of a palpable pulse

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced?

Acute myocardial infarction

Which of the following statements regarding the one-person bag-mask device technique is correct?

Adequate tidal volume is often difficult to achieve when one EMT is operating the bag-valve mask.

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to

Administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect

A 37-year-old male is having a severe allergic reaction to penicillin. He does not have an epinephrine auto-injector and your protocols do not allow you to carry epinephrine on the ambulance. How should you proceed with the treatment of this patient?

Administer oxygen, transport at once, and request a paramedic intercept

Which of the following represents the MOST appropriate method of assisting a patient with his or her prescribed nitroglycerin tablet or spray?

Administer the medication sublingually and allow it to dissolve or absorb.

Activated charcoal works via ________.

Adsorption ( binds/sticks to surface)

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly?

Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

Air splint

Ventolin

Albuterol is a generic name for:

An immune system is necessary for human life because __________.

All of these answers are correct.

When investigating the chief complaint of a psychiatric emergency, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following?

All of these answers are correct.

A 23-year-old male experienced severe head trauma after his motorcycle collided with an oncoming truck. He is unconscious, has rapid and shallow breathing, and has copious bloody secretions in his mouth. How should you manage his airway?

Alternate 15 seconds of oral suctioning with 2 minutes of assisted ventilation.

Which of the following is a common MDI drug?

Alupent

In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?

Alveoli

Which of the following is considered an organic brain syndrome?

Alzheimer dementia

Common causes of acute psychotic behavior include all of the following, EXCEPT

Alzheimer disease.

Which of the following statements regarding anaerobic metabolism is correct? Anaerobic metabolism can be supported in most of the body's cells for up to 10 minutes. Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited. The body functions optimally and produces maximum ATP during anaerobic metabolism. Without anaerobic metabolism, perfusion to the body would suffer and cellular death would occur.

Anaerobic metabolism produces lactic acid and occurs when cellular oxygen is limited.

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

Anaphylactic shock

a swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall.

Aneurysm

Which of the following is a major difference between angina pectoris and AMI?

Anginal pain typically subsides with rest.

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely occur as a direct result of the third collision in a motor vehicle crash?

Aortic rupture

Care for a victim of an immunologic emergency who is severely hypotensive should include which of the following?

Apply high-flow oxygen therapy, place the patient in a shock position, and help maintain the patient's body temperature

A 49-year-old male with an extensive cardiac history presents with 2 hours of crushing chest pain and shortness of breath. He is pale and diaphoretic and tells you that he feels like he is going to die. His medications include nitroglycerin, sildenafil (Viagra), and enalapril (Vasotec). His blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg and his heart rate is 110 beats/min. In addition to administering 100% oxygen, you should

Ask him if he took his Viagra within the past 24 hours

You are assessing a 45-year-old female who is severely depressed. She states that it seems as though her entire world is crashing down around her. She further states that she has had frequent thoughts of suicide, but is not sure if she can actually go through with it. How should you manage this situation?

Ask the patient if she has developed a suicidal plan.

Which of the following will MOST reliably allow you to determine the nature of a patient's illness?

Asking questions related to the chief complaint

Which of the following medications is commonly given to patients with chest pain to prevent blood clots from forming or getting bigger?

Aspirin

Which of the following is an example of a generic name of a drug?

Asprin

A 62-year-old male presents with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% oxygen and contacting medical control, you should

Assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

A 62yr old man is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescriped nitro but states that he has not taken any. After administering 100% O2 and contacting medical control you should;

Assist him with taking his nitro unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100

A 37-year-old male is found unconscious in his car. His airway is patent and his respirations are rapid and labored. As you and your partner are assessing and treating the patient, a police officer hands you a medication named Alupent, which he found in the backseat of the patient's car. This medication suggests that the patient has a history of

Asthma

Which of the following drugs could you use for asthma, bronchitis, and COPD?

Atrovent

An EMT may administer asprin to a patient if;

Authorization from medical control has been obtained

Which of the following is a good guideline for physical examination of any patient?

Avoid touching without permission.

index of suspicion

Awareness that unseen life-threatening injuries may exist when determining the mechanism of injury.

Signs and symptoms of bacterial vaginosis typically include _________. A. blood associated with vaginal intercourse B. "fishy," foul-smelling discharge C. low back pain D. rectal pain and discharge

B. "fishy," foul-smelling discharge

Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for complications caused by the influenza virus? Select one: A. 50-year-old woman moderate obesity B. 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes C. 12-year-old child with a fractured arm D. 39-year-old man with mild hypertension

B. 68-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes

In which of the following patients would the head tilt-chin lift maneuver be the MOST appropriate method of opening the airway? Select one: A. A 45-year-old male who is semiconscious after falling 20 feet B. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed C. A 50-year-old male who is unconscious following head trauma D. A 24-year-old male who is found unconscious at the base of a tree

B. A 37-year-old female who is found unconscious in her bed

You are triaging four patients who were involved in a head-on motor vehicle crash. Which of the following patients should be assigned the highest (red) triage category? Select one: A. A 50-year-old male with an open head injury and no pulse B. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing C. A 29-year-old male with bilaterally closed femur deformities D. A 36-year-old female with back pain and numb extremities

B. A 49-year-old female with diabetes and difficulty breathing

Which of the following is probably NOT a multiple-casualty incident? Select one: A. A loss of power to a hospital or nursing home with ventilator-dependent patients B. A motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances C. An apartment fire with one patient and the possibility of others trapped in the building D. A rollover crash of a school bus with eight children who have injuries of varying severity

B. A motor vehicle crash with two critically injured patients and two ambulances

Which of the following is NOT a common sign or symptom associated with malfunction of an implanted cardiac pacemaker? Select one: A. Generalized weakness B. A rapid heart rate C. Syncope or dizziness D. Heart rate less than 60 beats/min

B. A rapid heart rate

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)? Select one: A. A team of paramedics and emergency physicians who are responsible for providing emergency care to critically injured patients B. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured C. A vast network of advanced life support (ALS) providers who provide definitive emergency care in the prehospital setting D. A system composed exclusively of emergency medical responders (EMRs) and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) who are responsible for providing care to sick and injured patients

B. A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness? Select one: A. Inadequate perfusion B. Acute anxiety C. Drug overdose D. Poisoning

B. Acute anxiety

A patient tells you that he has a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Which of the following conditions should you suspect that he has experienced? Select one: A. Thoracic aortic aneurysm B. Acute myocardial infarction C. Uncontrolled hypertension D. Obstructive lung disease

B. Acute myocardial infarction

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-valve mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse? Select one: A. Consistently increasing heart rate B. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag C. Twenty breaths/min being delivered to the adult D. Decreased compliance when squeezing the bag

B. Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers? Select one: A. Automatic transport ventilators B. Automated external defibrillator C. Needle decompression D. Multilumen airways

B. Automated external defibrillator

A man was found unresponsive in his bed at home. There is no evidence of injury and the patient's medical history is not known. The patient's face is cyanotic, yet the pulse oximeter reads 98%. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? Select one: A. Severe pulmonary edema B. Carbon monoxide poisoning C. Increased body temperature D. His extremities are cold

B. Carbon monoxide poisoning

Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called: Select one: A. agonal respirations. B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations. C. eupneic respirations. D. ataxic respirations.

B. Cheyne-Stokes respirations.

As you approach a patient lying at the side of the roadway, you observe severe bleeding from the leg. What should your first action be? Select one: A. Check for a pulse. B. Control the bleeding. C. Administer oxygen. D. Open the airway.

B. Control the bleeding.

Which of the following signs is commonly observed in patients with right-sided heart failure? Select one: A. Labored breathing B. Dependent edema C. Pulmonary edema D. Flat jugular veins

B. Dependent edema

Which of the following is an effective stress management strategy? Select one: A. Requesting overtime to occupy your mind B. Developing a social network outside of EMS C. Frequently reflecting on troublesome calls D. Modestly increasing caffeine consumption

B. Developing a social network outside of EMS

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. B. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream. C. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream. D. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route.

B. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

What is the route of administration for the EpiPen auto-injector? Select one: A. Intraosseous B. Intramuscular C. Intravenous D. Sublingual

B. Intramuscular

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system? Select one: A. It relies on muscle movement to circulate lymph. B. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body. C. It circulates waste products of metabolism away from cells. D. It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells.

B. Its vessels closely parallel the major arteries in the body.

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient? Select one: A. Orthostatic vital signs B. Lung sounds C. Blood glucose levels D. Distal pulse, motor, sensation

B. Lung sounds

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses? Select one: A. Whooping cough B. MRSA C. H1N1 D. Avian flu

B. MRSA

A patient has a large accumulation of blood in the sac surrounding the heart. Which type of shock would this condition cause? Select one: A. Hypovolemic B. Obstructive C. Cardiogenic D. Neurogenic

B. Obstructive

Which of the following types of questions allow for the most detailed response? Select one: A. Closed-ended questions B. Open-ended questions C. Multiple questions asked at once D. Yes or no questions

B. Open-ended questions

Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct? Select one: A. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide. B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries. C. The oxygen content in the alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase. D. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries.

B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.

Which of the following statements regarding pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is correct? A. The most severe cases of PID occur in women who are not sexually active. B. PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. C. PID most commonly affects women who have had an ectopic pregnancy in the past. D. The most common presenting symptom of PID is generalized upper abdominal pain.

B. PID can scar the fallopian tubes, which increases the risk of an ectopic pregnancy.

Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following? A. Chlamydia B. Pelvic inflammatory disease C. Gonorrhea D. Bacterial vaginosis

B. Pelvic inflammatory disease

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival?

B. Rapid transport to a trauma center

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Rapid transport to a trauma center C. Full immobilization of her spine D. Intravenous fluid administration

B. Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia? Select one: A. Pleural effusion B. Severe anxiety C. Pulmonary edema D. Narcotic overdose

B. Severe anxiety

Which organ lies in the lateral and posterior portion of the left upper quadrant of the abdomen? Select one: A. Cecum B. Spleen C. Liver D. Stomach

B. Spleen

What is an EMT's primary service area? Select one: A. The only area the EMT is certified to provide patient care B. The main area in which the EMS agency operates C. The area serviced by the EMT's medical director D. The location where the EMT provides essential care during a 9-1-1 call

B. The main area in which the EMS agency operates

Which of the following statements regarding patient weight distribution is correct? Select one: A. The EMT at the patient's head will bear the least amount of weight. B. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso. C. A semi-sitting patient's weight is equally distributed on both ends. D. Most of the patient's weight rests on the foot end of the stretcher.

B. The majority of a horizontal patient's weight is in the torso.

What is the function of the fallopian tubes? Select one: A. To connect the ovaries B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus C. To supply blood to the uterine lining D. To produce progesterone and estrogen

B. To transport a mature egg to the uterus

You arrive at the scene of a motor vehicle-versus-pedestrian accident. The patient, a 13-year-old male, is unconscious and has multiple injuries. As you are treating the child, a law enforcement officer advises you that the child's parents will be at the scene in approximately 15 minutes. What should you do? Select one: A. Withhold treatment until the parents arrive and give you consent for treatment. B. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital. C. Begin transport at once and have the parents meet you en route to the hospital. D. Treat the child at the scene and wait for the parents to arrive and give consent.

B. Transport the child immediately and have the parents meet you at the hospital.

Which of the following will help improve radio communications? Select one: A. Use codes to speed communication. B. Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking. C. Answer questions with "yes" or "no." D. Hold the radio at least 6 inches from your mouth.

B. Wait 1 second after pressing the transmit button before speaking.

A 35-year-old obese woman is complaining of localized pain in the right upper quadrant with referred pain to the right shoulder. The MOST likely cause of her pain is: A. acute cystitis. B. acute cholecystitis. C. appendicitis. D. pancreatitis.

B. acute cholecystitis.

You are dispatched to a state park for a young female experiencing an allergic reaction. Your assessment reveals that her breathing is severely labored and her blood pressure is very low. You carry epinephrine auto-injectors on your ambulance and have been trained and approved by your medical director to administer them. As your partner gives the patient supplemental oxygen, you attempt to contact medical control but do not have a signal from your cell phone. You should: Select one: A. notify dispatch and request that a paramedic unit respond to the scene so they can administer epinephrine to the patient. B. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital. C. immediately load the patient into the ambulance, begin transport, and reattempt to contact medical control when you receive a cell signal. D. place her in a supine position, keep her warm, begin transport to the hospital, and request a paramedic intercept en route.

B. administer epinephrine to the patient, begin immediate transport, and attempt to contact medical control en route to the hospital.

A 59 year old male presents with sudden onset severe lower back pain he is conscious and alert but very restless and diaphoretic your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus you should A. vigorously palpate the abdomen to establish pain severity B. administer o2 and prepare for immediate transport C. place the patient in a sitting position and transport at once D. request a paramedic unit to give the patient pain medication

B. administer o2 and prepare for immediate transport

A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presents with substernal chest pressure of 2 hours' duration. Her blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and irregular, her respirations are 22 breaths/min, and her oxygen saturation is 92%. The patient does not have prescribed nitroglycerin, but her husband does. You should: Select one: A. give her one nitroglycerin and reassess her systolic blood pressure. B. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further. C. obtain a SAMPLE history and contact medical control for advice. D. give her high-flow oxygen, attach the AED, and transport at once.

B. administer oxygen, give her 324 mg of aspirin, and assess her further.

Medical control gives you an order that seems inappropriate for the patient's condition. After confirming that you heard the physician correctly, you should: Select one: A. carry out the order and then carefully document it on the run form. B. advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification. C. state that you will not carry out the order because it is inappropriate. D. obtain consent from the patient and then carry out the order as usual.

B. advise the physician that the order is unclear and ask for clarification.

When functioning at the scene of a motor vehicle crash in which a patient will require complex extrication, you should enter the vehicle and provide care to the patient: Select one: A. after rescue personnel have cut the battery cables. B. after receiving approval from the incident commander. C. only after you believe the vehicle has been stabilized. D. only if the patient has experienced a major injury.

B. after receiving approval from the incident commander.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: Select one: A. as soon as the patient voices his or her chief complaint. B. after the primary assessment has been completed. C. upon completion of a detailed secondary assessment. D. once the patient's baseline vital signs are known.

B. after the primary assessment has been completed.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made: Select one: A. once the patient's baseline vital signs are known. B. after the primary assessment has been completed. C. upon completion of a detailed secondary assessment. D. as soon as the patient voices his or her chief complaint.

B. after the primary assessment has been completed.

Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after: Select one: A. a physician arrives at the scene. B. all the patients have been triaged. C. area hospitals have been notified. D. the number of patients is known.

B. all the patients have been triaged.

Between each chest compression, you should __________. Select one: A. check for a pulse B. allow full chest recoil C. administer a breath D. remove your hands from the chest

B. allow full chest recoil

Pain that is localized to the lower back and/or lower abdominal quadrants is MOST suggestive of: A. acute pancreatitis. B. an aortic aneurysm. C. a kidney infection. D. acute appendicitis.

B. an aortic aneurysm.

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of A. septic shock B. anaphylactic shock C. cardiogenic shock D. neurogenic shock

B. anaphylactic shock

Foods, medications, and insects are common causes of ________. Select one: A. septic shock B. anaphylactic shock C. neurogenic shock D. psychogenic shock

B. anaphylactic shock

Pain that radiates to the right lower quadrant from the umbilical area, nausea and vomiting, and lack of appetite are MOST indicative of: A. pancreatitis. B. appendicitis. C. cholecystitis. D. gastroenteritis.

B. appendicitis.

A 20-year-old male has a large laceration to his wrist. He is holding a blood-soaked towel over the wound, but it continues to bleed rapidly. You should: Select one: A. administer high-flow supplemental oxygen. B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist. C. apply pressure to the brachial artery. D. wrap the towel with pressure bandages.

B. apply a tourniquet proximal to the wrist.

A 39-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the groin during an altercation at a bar. As you approach the patient, you note that he is conscious. He is screaming in pain and is attempting to control the bleeding, which is bright red and spurting from his groin area. You should: Select one: A. elevate his legs and keep him warm. B. apply direct pressure to the wound. C. administer 100% supplemental oxygen. D. ensure that his airway is patent.

B. apply direct pressure to the wound.

A 4-year-old boy had an apparent seizure. He is conscious and calm and is sitting on his mother's lap. His father is sitting in a nearby chair. The child's mother suddenly begins crying uncontrollably, which causes the child to start crying. You should: Select one: A. attempt to calm the child's mother, but avoid separating her from her child because this will increase her anxiety. B. ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother. C. reassure the child's mother that seizures in children are very common and that there is nothing to worry about. D. give the child a favorite toy or blanket to hold onto and perform your assessment to the best of your ability.

B. ask the father to hold the child so you can assess him while your partner tries to calm the mother.

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should: A. perform a rapid secondary assessment. B. assist her ventilations with a BVM. C. assess her blood pressure and elevate her legs. D. perform a visual assessment of her vaginal area.

B. assist her ventilations with a BVM.

In anticipation of receiving a fertilized ovum, the lining of the uterine wall: A. diverts blood flow to the vagina. B. becomes engorged with blood. C. thins and begins to separate. D. sheds and is expelled externally.

B. becomes engorged with blood.

A 60-year-old man is found to be unresponsive, pulseless, and apneic. You should: Select one: A. start CPR and transport immediately. B. begin CPR until an AED is available. C. withhold CPR until he is defibrillated. D. determine if he has a valid living will.

B. begin CPR until an AED is available.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock. B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. C. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. D. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion.

B. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

The central nervous system is composed of the: Select one: A. spinal cord and sensory nerves. B. brain and spinal cord. C. motor and sensory nerves. D. brain and sensory nerves.

B. brain and spinal cord.

You arrive at an accident scene to find an alternative-fuel vehicle leaking an unknown substance. You should immediately _________. Select one: A. apply retardant to the leaking fuel B. call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle C. disconnect the car battery D. search the vehicle for occupants

B. call for additional resources and keep bystanders away from the vehicle

The waste products of aerobic metabolism include: Select one: A. glucose and lactic acid. B. carbon dioxide and water. C. ATP and glucose. D. uric acid and nitrogen.

B. carbon dioxide and water.

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. This will likely lead to ___________. Select one: A. hypovolemic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. neurogenic shock D. septic shock

B. cardiogenic shock

Your patient has a decreased cardiac output and poor myocardial contractility. this will likely lead to? A. hypovolemic shock B. cardiogenic shock C. neurogenic shock D. septic shock

B. cardiogenic shock

When assessing an elderly male who complains of nausea and generalized weakness, you find that he takes atorvastatin (Lipitor) and amlodipine (Norvasc). These medications suggest a history of: Select one: A. bacterial infection. B. cardiovascular disease. C. reactive airway disease. D. non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

B. cardiovascular disease.

Upon arriving at the scene of a possible hazardous materials (HazMat) incident involving several patients, you should: Select one: A. divert traffic away from the scene. B. carefully assess the situation. C. rope off the entire perimeter. D. retrieve all critical patients.

B. carefully assess the situation.

If a technical rescue team is required at the scene, but is not present when you arrive, you should: Select one: A. don personal protective equipment and begin the rescue process. B. check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route. C. remain with your ambulance until the rescue team arrives at the scene. D. have fire personnel initiate the rescue process if they are at the scene.

B. check with the incident commander to ensure that the team is en route.

Your patient is in shock, but the body's defense mechanisms are currently able to maintain adequate circulation. This is called ___________. Select one: A. irreversible shock B. compensated shock C. decompensated shock D. late shock

B. compensated shock

During the transport phase of an ambulance call, it is MOST important to: Select one: A. complete the run form before arrival at the hospital. B. converse with the patient and provide reassurance. C. reassess unstable patients at least every 15 minutes. D. reassess the patient only if he or she deteriorates.

B. converse with the patient and provide reassurance.

It is essential that you ____________ your equipment to prevent the spread of disease. Select one: A. properly store B. decontaminate C. throw out D. incinerate

B. decontaminate

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you find a single patient still seated in his car. There are no scene hazards. As you approach the vehicle, you note that the patient is semiconscious and has a large laceration to his forehead. You should: Select one: A. apply a vest-style extrication device before attempting to move the patient. B. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head. C. slide a long backboard under his buttocks and lay him sideways on the board. D. apply a cervical collar and quickly remove the patient with a clothes drag.

B. direct your partner to apply manual in-line support of the patient's head.

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular: Select one: A. assessment. B. disease. C. protocol. D. medication.

B. disease.

The suffix "-pathy" means: Select one: A. enlargement. B. disease. C. specialist. D. study of.

B. disease.

The means by which a terrorist will spread a particular agent is called: Select one: A. incubation. B. dissemination. C. weaponization. D. aerosolization.

B. dissemination.

The Centennial Park bombing during the 1996 Summer Olympics is an example of: Select one: A. state-sponsored terrorism. B. domestic terrorism. C. apocalyptic violence. D. an ecoterrorist attack.

B. domestic terrorism.

Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should: Select one: A. place the patient supine. B. encourage the patient to cough. C. administer back blows. D. perform abdominal thrusts.

B. encourage the patient to cough.

It is common for young females who experience their first menstrual period to: A. have a false positive home pregnancy test result. B. experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted. C. lose up to 500 mL of blood within the first 24 hours. D. become so emotionally distraught that they contemplate suicide.

B. experience abdominal cramping, which may be misinterpreted.

To date, the preferred weapons of mass destruction for terrorists have been: Select one: A. chemical weapons. B. explosive weapons. C. nuclear weapons. D. biologic weapons.

B. explosive weapons.

Complications associated with chest compressions include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a fractured sternum. B. gastric distention. C. rib fractures. D. liver laceration.

B. gastric distention.

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: Select one: A. ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad. B. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. C. wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient. D. routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients.

B. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Placards and labels on a storage container are intended to: Select one: A. provide specific information about the chemical being carried. B. give a general idea of the hazard inside that particular container. C. broadly classify chemicals as being explosive or nonexplosive. D. advise responders of the appropriate neutralizing measures.

B. give a general idea of the hazard inside that particular container.

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: Select one: A. is a more contagious type of disease. B. has a greater ability to produce disease. C. leads to chronic infection after exposure. D. is less resistant to treatment.

B. has a greater ability to produce disease.

Shock is the result of:

hypoperfusion to the cells of the body.

You should suspect that a patient is experiencing respiratory failure if he or she: Select one: A. is restless and is working hard to breathe. B. has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone. C. is anxious, tachycardic, and leaning forward. D. has an increased heart rate and retractions.

B. has bradycardia and diminished muscle tone.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an: Select one: A. increase in height because of spinal disc expansion. B. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain. C. increase in respiratory rate due to increased metabolism. D. increase in muscle strength and reflexes.

B. increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

You are attending to a 34-year-old male patient who requires transport to the hospital for assessment of his chronic back pain. The patient weighs over 750 pounds. Your bariatric stretcher has a wider surface area to allow for: Select one: A. increased stability and leverage when lifting with more than two providers. B. increased patient comfort and dignity. C. increased lifting capacity and patient weight load. D. better stability when moving the patient on uneven ground.

B. increased patient comfort and dignity.

In contrast to typical wheeled ambulance stretchers, features of a bariatric stretcher include: Select one: A. two safety rails on both sides of the stretcher. B. increased stability from a wider wheelbase. C. weight capacity of up to 650 lb. D. a collapsible undercarriage.

B. increased stability from a wider wheelbase.

The _____ is your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illnesses. Select one: A. nature of illness B. index of suspicion C. general impression D. clinical impression

B. index of suspicion

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it:

B. involves hands-on practice.

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: Select one: A. administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible. B. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit. C. load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital. D. perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly.

B. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should: Select one: A. perform a detailed secondary assessment, assess his vital signs, and then transport rapidly. B. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit. C. administer oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and obtain as much of his medical history as possible. D. load him into the ambulance, begin transport, and perform all treatment en route to the hospital.

B. manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit.

A patient with vaginal bleeding _________. A. will have profound and obvious signs of shock B. may not have obvious signs of shock even if she has experienced significant blood loss C. may want to stand, rather than sit or lie on the stretcher D. will have a weak and rapid pulse but not pale or diaphoretic skin

B. may not have obvious signs of shock even if she has experienced significant blood loss

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. your questions should focus exclusively on the patient's obvious problem. B. most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions. C. speaking loudly and distinctly will ensure that the patient can hear you. D. hostility and confusion should be presumed to be due to the patient's age.

B. most older people think clearly and are capable of answering questions.

The chief complaint is MOST accurately defined as the: Select one: A. gross physical signs that you detect on assessment. B. most serious thing the patient is concerned about. C. condition that exacerbates an underlying problem. D. most life-threatening condition that you discover.

B. most serious thing the patient is concerned about.

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should:

B. move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.

As a triage supervisor, you: Select one: A. are responsible for providing initial treatment to all patients. B. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged. C. must prepare patients for transport before they leave the triage area. D. should communicate with area hospitals regarding their capabilities.

B. must not begin treatment until all patients have been triaged.

When approaching a helicopter, whether the rotor blades are moving or not, you should: Select one: A. remember that the main rotor blade is flexible and can dip as low as 5¢ to 6¢ from the ground. B. never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas. C. carefully approach the aircraft from the rear unless a crew member instructs you to do otherwise. D. approach the aircraft from the side because this will make it easier for you to access the aircraft doors.

B. never duck under the body or the tail boom because the pilot cannot see you in these areas.

Basic life support (BLS) is defined as: Select one: A. basic lifesaving treatment that is performed by bystanders while EMS providers are en route to the scene of an emergency. B. noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest. C. invasive emergency medical interventions such as intravenous therapy, manual defibrillation, and advanced airway management. D. any form of emergency medical treatment that is performed by advanced EMTs, paramedics, physicians, and emergency nurses.

B. noninvasive emergency care that is used to treat conditions such as airway obstruction, respiratory arrest, and cardiac arrest.

Once entrance and access to the patient have been provided, you should: Select one: A. allow extrication to commence. B. perform a primary assessment. C. administer high-flow oxygen. D. begin treating his or her injuries.

B. perform a primary assessment.

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. Select one: A. an increased heart rate B. peripheral vasoconstriction C. peripheral vasodilation D. hypothermia

B. peripheral vasoconstriction

Your abdominal pain patient denies chest pain or vomiting. These findings are considered ____________. A. associated symptoms B. pertinent negatives C. irrelevant D. secondary complaints

B. pertinent negatives

When caring for a female patient who has been sexually assaulted, you should: A. allow law enforcement to take her statement before you begin treatment. B. place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags. C. ask the patient for a concise, detailed report of what happened to her. D. advise her that she will not be allowed to shower or change her clothes.

B. place any bloodstained clothing or other articles in separate paper bags.

The development of an incident action plan is the responsibility of the: Select one: A. operations section. B. planning section. C. finance section. D. logistics section.

B. planning section.

The function of the National Incident Management System (NIMS) is to: Select one: A. educate city and county governments regarding foreign terrorist attacks. B. prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents. C. prepare for the potential of a nuclear attack against the United States. D. facilitate a standard method of incident command for natural disasters.

B. prepare for, prevent, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents.

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is: Select one: A. supine. B. prone. C. horizontal. D. on a firm surface.

B. prone.

Extrication is defined as: Select one: A. using heavy equipment to access a patient. B. removal from a dangerous situation or position. C. dismantling an automobile to remove a victim. D. immobilizing a patient before moving him or her.

B. removal from a dangerous situation or position.

A patient in cardiac arrest is wearing an external defibrillator vest, which is interfering with effective chest compressions. The EMT should: Select one: A. perform ventilations only and allow the vest device to defibrillate. B. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest. C. leave the battery attached to the monitor and remove the vest. D. remove the battery from the monitor and leave the vest in place.

B. remove the battery from the monitor and then remove the vest.

After assessing a patient's blood glucose level, you accidentally stick yourself with the contaminated lancet. You should: Select one: A. get immunized against hepatitis as soon as possible. B. report the incident to your supervisor after the call. C. discontinue patient care and seek medical attention. D. immerse your wound in an alcohol-based solution.

B. report the incident to your supervisor after the call.

Unlike viral agents, bacterial agents: Select one: A. are far less infectious. B. respond to antibiotics. C. are usually not treatable. D. do not replicate in the body.

B. respond to antibiotics.

All of the following are vesicant agents, EXCEPT: Select one: A. sulfur mustard. B. sarin. C. lewisite. D. phosgene oxime.

B. sarin.

You are attending to a 22-year-old female patient who has overdosed. The patient is unresponsive in an upstairs bedroom. The most appropriate way to bring the patient downstairs is: Select one: A. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the head end. B. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end. C. secured to a stair chair with the strongest provider at the foot end. D. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the foot end.

B. secured to a fracture board with the strongest provider at the head end.

Shock due to severe infection is called ________. Select one: A. anaphylactic shock B. septic shock C. hypovolemic shock D. neurogenic shock

B. septic shock

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. Select one: A. hypotension B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

B. shock

Inadequate circulation of the blood throughout the body is called? A. hypotesion B. shock C. perfusion D. hypoxia

B. shock

An attack on an abortion clinic would MOST likely be carried out by a(n): Select one: A. doomsday cult. B. single-issue group. C. extremist political group. D. violent religious group.

B. single-issue group.

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: Select one: A. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction. B. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. C. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. D. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction.

B. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times.

Older adults frequently ___________. Select one: A. are able to increase their muscle mass B. take multiple medications C. experience a decrease in body fat as they age D. are unable to overcome medical problems

B. take multiple medications

The term "pericardiocentesis" means: Select one: A. narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart. B. the removal of fluid from around the heart. C. a surgical opening made in the heart. D. surgical repair of the sac around the heart.

B. the removal of fluid from around the heart.

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the study of how medications affect the brain. B. the study of drugs and their actions on the body. C. the study of drug excretion from the human body. D. the study of drugs that are produced illegally.

B. the study of drugs and their actions on the body.

You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: Select one: A. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). B. tuberculosis. C. pneumonia. D. influenza Type A.

B. tuberculosis.

You are providing care to a 61-year-old female complaining of chest pain that is cardiac in origin. Your service utilizes a multiplex communication system. You wish to transmit the patient's electrocardiogram to the hospital. In order to accomplish this, you must: Select one: A. wait until you reach the hospital to transmit the information. B. use the multiplex system to transmit the information . C. be aware that only audio or data transmissions can be sent at any one time. D. send the electrocardiogram from the back of the ambulance.

B. use the multiplex system to transmit the information .

You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from: Select one: A. bacterial infection of the epiglottis. B. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. C. inflammation of the bronchioles. D. inflammation of the lower respiratory tract and bronchospasm.

B. viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

In the presence of ileus, the only way the stomach can empty itself is by: A. diarrhea. B. vomiting. C. muscular contraction. D. spontaneous rupture.

B. vomiting.

Nitroglycerin is contraindicated in patients: Select one: A. who have taken up to two doses. B. who have experienced a head injury. C. with a systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg. D. with a history of an ischemic stroke.

B. who have experienced a head injury.

When performing CPR on a child, you should compress the chest: Select one: A. to a depth of 1 to 2 inches. B. with one or two hands. C. until a radial pulse is felt. D. 80 to 100 times per minute.

B. with one or two hands.

Which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose?

BP, 200/100 mm Hg; pulse, 150 beats/min

melena

Black, foul-smelling, tarry stool containing digested blood.

Which of the following conditions is the diabetic patient at an increased risk of developing?

Blindness

The H1N1 strain of influenza Type A is transmitted by which route?

Both direct contact with nasal secretions and contact with aerosolized droplets from coughing or sneezing.

Which of the following oxygen flowmeters is NOT affected by gravity and can be used in any position when attached to an oxygen cylinder?

Bourdon-gauge flowmeter

How do poisons typically act to harm the body?

By changing the normal metabolism of cells or by destroying them

Which of the following maneuvers should be used to open a patient's airway when a spinal injury is suspected?

Jaw-thrust

Menstrual flow will typically last approximately _________. A. 1 day B. 3 days C. 1 week D. 1 month

C. 1 week

Children of which age group are considered toddlers? Select one: A. 3-6 years B. Over 6 years C. 1-3 years D. 1 month to 1 year

C. 1-3 years

While the ages can vary, women typically experience menstruation from approximately _________ to ____________ years of age. A. 10; 40 B. 20; 60 C. 11; 50 D. 10; 70

C. 11; 50

When pulling a patient, you should extend your arms no more than ________ in front of your torso. Select one: A. 5 to 10 inches B. 20 to 30 inches C. 15 to 20 inches D. 10 to 15 inches

C. 15 to 20 inches

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: Select one: A. 25 and 35 years. B. 21 and 30 years. C. 19 and 25 years. D. 18 and 22 years.

C. 19 and 25 years.

The incubation period for Ebola can be up to: Select one: A. 72 hours. B. 1 week. C. 21 days. D. 6 months.

C. 21 days.

Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing? Select one: A. 22 breaths/min with an irregular pattern of breathing and cyanosis B. 20 breaths/min with shallow movement of the chest wall and pallor C. 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin D. 30 breaths/min with supraclavicular retractions and clammy skin

C. 24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin

The incubation period for hepatitis B is typically: Select one: A. 1 to 2 weeks. B. 5 to 10 weeks. C. 4 to 12 weeks. D. 1 to 10 weeks.

C. 4 to 12 weeks.

You are performing mouth-to-mask ventilations with oxygen connected and set at a flow rate of 15 L/min. What percentage of oxygen is your patient receiving? Select one: A. 75% B. 65% C. 55% D. 45%

C. 55%

The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 60 years of age is typically: Select one: A. 90 beats/min. B. 80 beats/min. C. 70 beats/min. D. 60 beats/min.

C. 70 beats/min.

Which of the following scenarios does NOT involve the presence of any symptoms? Select one: A. A 44-year-old male with abdominal pain and severe dizziness B. A 55-year-old male with a severe headache and 2 days of nausea C. A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis D. A 49-year-old female with blurred vision and ringing in the ears

C. A 61-year-old female who is unconscious with facial cyanosis

What occurs when a patient is breathing very rapidly and shallowly? Select one: A. Air is forcefully drawn into the lungs due to the negative pressure created by the rapid respirations. B. Minute volume increases because of a marked increase in both tidal volume and respiratory rate. C. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange. D. The majority of tidal volume reaches the lungs and diffuses across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

C. Air moves primarily in the anatomic dead space and does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange.

General adaptation syndrome is characterized by which of the following phases? Select one: A. Delayed reaction, alarm response, and physical recovery B. Immediate reaction, psychological exhaustion, and recovery C. Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery D. Reaction and resistance, euphoria, and physical exhaustion

C. Alarm response, reaction and resistance, and recovery

Which of the following statements regarding an emergency patient move is correct? Select one: A. The spine must be fully immobilized prior to performing an emergency move. B. The patient is dragged against the body's long axis during an emergency move. C. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment. D. It is not possible to perform an emergency move without injuring the patient.

C. An emergency move is performed before the primary assessment and treatment.

According to the START triage system, what should you do if a patient is found to have a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min? Select one: A. Administer high-flow oxygen. B. Triage the patient as delayed. C. Assess for bilateral radial pulses. D. Assess his or her neurologic status.

C. Assess for bilateral radial pulses.

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway? Select one: A. Larynx B. Oropharynx C. Bronchus D. Pharynx

C. Bronchus

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated? A. Genital herpes B. Ectopic pregnancy C. Chlamydia D. Ovarian cysts

C. Chlamydia

What is typically the most important intervention that an EMT can provide to the victim of sexual assault? A. Control of vaginal bleeding B. Calling for ALS personnel C. Comfort and reassurance D. High-flow oxygen therapy

C. Comfort and reassurance

Which of the following is a genetic disorder that predisposes the patient to repeated lung infections? Select one: A. Multiple sclerosis B. Severe acute respiratory syndrome C. Cystic fibrosis D. Celiac sprue

C. Cystic fibrosis

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Select one: A. Depression B. Schizophrenia C. Substance abuse D. Alzheimer disease

C. Substance abuse

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? Select one: A. Early administration of high-flow oxygen B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest D. Positive-pressure ventilation with a bag-valve mask

C. Decompression of the injured side of the chest

Which of the following is an example of regional equipment or supplies? Select one: A. Oral glucose B. Inhaled bronchodilator C. DuoDote Auto-Injector D. Vacuum splint

C. DuoDote Auto-Injector

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on: Select one: A. the lead EMT's decision. B. regional trauma guidelines. C. EMS research. D. local protocols.

C. EMS research.

______________ may be a cause of vaginal bleeding in a patient who states that she is NOT pregnant. A. Bacterial vaginosis B. Hypotension C. Ectopic pregnancy D. Menopause

C. Ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following systems is responsible for releasing hormones that regulate body activities? Select one: A. Reproductive B. Skeletal C. Endocrine D. Nervous

C. Endocrine

Which type of consent is involved when a 39-year-old mentally competent female with a severe headache asks you to take her to the hospital? Select one: A. Formal B. Implied C. Expressed D. Informed

C. Expressed

What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field? Select one: A. Contact medical direction before initiating any treatments. B. Carry an EMT text for reference at all times. C. Follow the agency's written protocols. D. Deviate from established standards when necessary.

C. Follow the agency's written protocols.

__________ rays easily penetrate through the human body and require lead or several inches of concrete to prevent penetration. Select one: A. Alpha B. Neutron C. Gamma D. Beta

C. Gamma

Which of the following infections, when left untreated, may lead to infection of the blood and brain? A. Pelvic inflammatory disease B. Bacterial vaginosis C. Gonorrhea D. Chlamydia

C. Gonorrhea

The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to _____________. Select one: A. APGAR B. CQI C. HIPAA D. DCAP

C. HIPAA

While providing care to a patient, blood got onto the ambulance stretcher. Because the stretcher was not properly cleaned afterward, a virus was transmitted to another emergency medical technician (EMT) several days later. Which route of transmission does this scenario describe? Select one: A. Direct contact B. Airborne transmission C. Indirect contact D. Vector-borne transmission

C. Indirect contact

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems? Select one: A. It pushes thick, infected pulmonary secretions into isolated areas of the lung. B. It prevents alveolar collapse by pushing air into the lungs during inhalation. C. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane. D. It decreases intrathoracic pressure, which allows more room for lung expansion.

C. It forces the alveoli open and pushes oxygen across the alveolar membrane.

Which of the following statements regarding a "dedicated line" is correct? Select one: A. It is a frequency that is used exclusively by EMTs to communicate with one another in the field. B. It is a designated frequency on a portable radio that provides direct access to medical control. C. It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users. D. It is a constantly open line of communication that is under exclusive control of a single user.

C. It is a constantly open line of communication that cannot be accessed by outside users.

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma? Select one: A. Head tilt-chin lift B. Head tilt-neck lift C. Jaw-thrust maneuver D. Tongue-jaw lift

C. Jaw-thrust maneuver

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses? Select one: A. Whooping cough B. H1N1 C. MRSA D. Avian flu

C. MRSA

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient? Select one: A. A patient with an altered level of consciousness B. An alert adult patient C. Medical direction approval D. A patient with stable vital signs

C. Medical direction approval

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem? Select one: A. Baseline vital signs B. Index of suspicion C. Medical history D. Primary assessment

C. Medical history

Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin? Select one: A. Pressure and pain perception B. Sensory reception C. Metabolic coordination D. Temperature regulation

C. Metabolic coordination

Which aspect of the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) MOST affects EMS personnel? Select one: A. Preventing insurance fraud B. Controlling insurance costs C. Protecting patient privacy D. Ensuring access to insurance

C. Protecting patient privacy

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? Select one: A. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route. B. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient. C. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. D. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated.

C. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director.

In which of the following situations would the EMTs MOST likely utilize a police escort? Select one: A. The weather is treacherous and there are numerous roads washed out. B. The call is dispatched as an unresponsive patient with CPR in progress. C. The EMTs are unfamiliar with the location, but the police officer knows the area. D. The EMTs are transporting a critical pediatric patient through traffic.

C. The EMTs are unfamiliar with the location, but the police officer knows the area.

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. B. the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs. C. a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body. D. a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms.

C. a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

Continual reassessment of the scene at a suspected terrorist or weapon of mass destruction incident is MOST important because: Select one: A. terrorists are often at the scene after an attack. B. bystanders may destroy the evidence. C. a secondary explosive device may detonate. D. weather conditions may change quickly.

C. a secondary explosive device may detonate.

CPR should be initiated when:

C. a valid living will is unavailable.

You are transporting an elderly woman who has possibly experienced a stroke. She is obviously scared but is unable to talk and cannot move the entire right side of her body. In addition to providing the medical care that she needs, you should: Select one: A. reassure her that after proper treatment in the hospital, she will regain her speech in time. B. maintain eye contact at all times and tell her that there is no need for her to be scared. C. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her. D. tell her that you understand why she is scared and that everything will likely be okay.

C. acknowledge that she is scared and tell her that you will take good care of her.

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________. Select one: A. confirm the patient's diagnosis B. correct the patient's underlying problem C. address the patient's symptoms D. reduce the need for transport to the hospital

C. address the patient's symptoms

Most treatments provided in the prehospital setting are intended to _________. Select one: A. reduce the need for transport to the hospital B. confirm the patient's diagnosis C. address the patient's symptoms D. correct the patient's underlying problem

C. address the patient's symptoms

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: Select one: A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure. B. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose. C. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect. D. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place.

C. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

You have just delivered a major trauma patient to the hospital. Shortly after departing the hospital, dispatch advises you of another call. The back of the ambulance is contaminated with bloody dressings and is in disarray, and you are in need of airway equipment and numerous other supplies. You should: Select one: A. quickly proceed to the call and clean and restock the ambulance afterwards. B. have your partner quickly clean the ambulance as you proceed to the call. C. advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit. D. proceed to the call, functioning only as an emergency medical responder.

C. advise the dispatcher that you are out of service and to send another unit.

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on: Select one: A. providing immediate transport. B. obtaining baseline vital signs. C. airway, breathing, and circulation. D. gathering medical history data.

C. airway, breathing, and circulation

Non cardiovascular causes of shock include respiratory insufficiency and A. sepsis B. metabolism C. anaphylaxis D. hypovolemia

C. anaphylaxis

The root "melan/o" means: Select one: A. white. B. gray. C. black. D. red.

C. black.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. irreversible shock often responds well to a prompt blood transfusion. B. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock. C. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock. D. the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock.

C. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock.

Pulmonary edema and impaired ventilation occur during: Select one: A. septic shock. B. neurogenic shock. C. cardiogenic shock. D. anaphylactic shock.

C. cardiogenic shock.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT: A. supplemental oxygen and keeping the patient supine. B. refraining from placing any dressings into the vagina. C. carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina. D. treating external lacerations with sterile compresses.

C. carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina.

"Chondro" in the word chondritis means: Select one: A. joint. B. rib. C. cartilage. D. tendon.

C. cartilage.

Regulation of blood flow is determined by A. oxygen intake B. systolic pressure C. cellular need D. diastolic pressure

C. cellular need

After the AED has delivered a shock, the EMT should: Select one: A. transport the patient at once. B. assess for a carotid pulse. C. immediately resume CPR. D. re-analyze the cardiac rhythm.

C. immediately resume CPR.

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. B. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. C. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting. D. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume.

C. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: Select one: A. medical emergency. B. trauma emergency. C. combination of a medical and trauma emergency. D. combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency.

C. combination of a medical and trauma emergency.

The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as __________. Select one: A. self-confidence B. teamwork and diplomacy C. communication D. scene leadership

C. communication

The use of special tools to remove an entrapped patient from a vehicle is known as _________. Select one: A. simple access B. incident management C. complex access D. vehicle stabilization

C. complex access

You are called to attend to an elderly patient with an extensive medical history who is now in cardiac arrest. The patient's family tells you that the patient has a DNR order. There is no paperwork available but the patient does have a MedicAlert bracelet indicating Do Not Resuscitate. You should: Select one: A. initiate resuscitation in the absence of paperwork. B. transport with minimal care. C. confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet. D. confirm the patient's identity and honor the DNR order.

C. confirm the patient identity and then confirm the DNR by calling the MedicAlert Foundation number on the bracelet.

Which of the following is the ONLY action that can prevent eventual death from a tension pneumothorax? A. early administration of high flow oxygen B. rapid administration of intravenous fluids C. decompression of the injured side of the chest D. positive pressure ventilation with bvm

C. decompression of the injured side of the chest

A 5-year-old boy has fallen and has a severe deformity of the forearm near the wrist. He has possibly sustained a fracture of the ____________ forearm. Select one: A. superior B. dorsal C. distal D. proximal

C. distal

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________. Select one: A. contraindication B. indication C. dose D. side effect

C. dose

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should: Select one: A. assess for a pulse for 20 seconds. B. contact medical control. C. dry the chest if it is wet. D. perform CPR for 30 seconds.

C. dry the chest if it is wet.

Your conscious patient has a mild partial airway obstruction. You should:

C. encourage the patient to cough.

The rescue team is in the process of extricating a 40-year-old male from his truck. The patient's wife, who was uninjured in the crash, is calmly observing the extrication and asks you if her husband will be all right. You should: Select one: A. allow her to observe the extrication and keep her calm. B. allow her to talk to her husband during the extrication. C. ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene. D. ask her follow-up questions about the details of the crash

C. ensure that she is in a safe area, away from the scene.

When approaching a 32-year-old male who is complaining of traumatic neck pain, you should: Select one: A. approach him from behind and ask him not to move. B. stand behind him and immediately stabilize his head. C. ensure that the patient can see you approaching him. D. assess his mental status by having him move his head.

C. ensure that the patient can see you approaching him.

Bile is produced by the liver and concentrated and stored in the: Select one: A. stomach. B. kidneys. C. gallbladder. D. pancreas.

C. gallbladder.

The BEST way to prevent infection from whooping cough is to: Select one: A. routinely place a surgical mask on all respiratory patients. B. ask all patients if they have recently traveled abroad. C. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. D. wear a HEPA mask when treating any respiratory patient.

C. get vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.

Hepatitis B is more virulent than hepatitis C, which means that it: Select one: A. is less resistant to treatment. B. is a more contagious type of disease. C. has a greater ability to produce disease. D. leads to chronic infection after exposure.

C. has a greater ability to produce disease.

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients who: Select one: A. are older than 40 years of age. B. regularly take illegal drugs. C. have chronic hypertension. D. have had a stroke in the past.

C. have chronic hypertension.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a major motor vehicle crash. The driver, a young male, is severely entrapped in his car. He has an open head injury and massive facial trauma. He is unresponsive, is not breathing, and does not have a palpable carotid pulse. You should: Select one: A. ventilate the patient for 5 minutes and then stop if there is no response. B. stop any active bleeding and advise dispatch to send a paramedic crew. C. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased. D. request the fire department to extricate the patient so you can begin CPR.

C. have your partner check for a pulse to confirm that the patient is deceased.

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is: Select one: A. oxygen. B. lactic acid. C. heat. D. nitrogen.

C. heat.

Your patient has a chronic respiratory condition. His stimulus to breathe is triggered by low oxygen levels in the blood. This is known as the ___________. Select one: A. alternate drive B. CO2 drive C. hypoxic drive D. COPD drive

C. hypoxic drive

You are assisting an asthma patient with his prescribed metered-dose inhaler. After the patient takes a deep breath and depresses the inhaler, you should: Select one: A. advise him to exhale forcefully to ensure medication absorption. B. allow him to breathe room air and assess his oxygen saturation. C. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can. D. immediately reapply the oxygen mask and reassess his condition.

C. instruct him to hold his breath for as long as he comfortably can.

CPR retraining is the MOST effective when it: Select one: A. occurs every 24 months. B. is delivered by computer. C. involves hands-on practice. D. is self-paced and brief.

C. involves hands-on practice.

Maintaining a cushion of safety when operating an ambulance means: Select one: A. driving about 2 to 3 seconds behind any vehicles in front of you and exceeding the posted speed limit by no more than 20 to 25 mph. B. driving at the posted speed limit, regardless of the patient's condition, and routinely using your lights and siren when driving on a freeway. C. keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirrors' blind spots. D. remaining in the far right-hand lane when transporting a critical patient and refraining from passing other motorists on the left side.

C. keeping a safe distance between your ambulance and the vehicles in front of you and remaining aware of vehicles potentially hiding in your mirrors' blind spots.

As you and your partner report for duty, you check your ambulance and begin talking about the possibility of a terrorist attack. The MOST effective and appropriate way to determine the likelihood of this happening is to: Select one: A. check with local businesses to see if they have received any terrorist threats. B. ask your immediate supervisor if he or she has been watching the local news. C. know the current threat level issued by the Department of Homeland Security. D. ascertain the current situation overseas with regard to the number of casualties.

C. know the current threat level issued by the Department of Homeland Security.

The proper technique for using the power grip is to: Select one: A. hold the handle with your fingers. B. position your hands about 6² apart. C. lift with your palms up. D. rotate your palms down.

C. lift with your palms up.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should: Select one: A. perform a detailed secondary assessment prior to transporting the patient. B. have a paramedic unit respond to the scene if it is less than 15 minutes away. C. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible. D. transport immediately and begin all emergency treatment en route to the hospital.

C. limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

The impedance threshold device (ITD) may improve circulation during active compression-decompression CPR by:

C. limiting the amount of air that enters the lungs during the recoil phase between chest compressions, which results in negative intrathoracic pressure and improved cardiac filling.

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the: Select one: A. back of the neck. B. dorsum of the hand. C. lips or oral mucosa. D. forehead and face.

C. lips or oral mucosa.

A 29 year old pregnant woman has had severe vomiting for the last 2 days today she is vomiting large amounts of blood her skin is cool and pale and she is tachycardic the EMT should suspect: A. esophagitis B. esophageal varices C. mallory weiss tear D. acute pancreatitis

C. mallory weiss tear

If fertilization has not occurred in approximately 14 days postovulation: A. the ovum will begin to travel to the uterus. B. another egg will be released. C. menstruation will begin. D. All of these answers are correct.

C. menstruation will begin.

Immediately upon arriving at the scene of an emergency call involving a traumatic injury, you should notify the dispatcher of your arrival and then: Select one: A. quickly gain access to the patient. B. determine if additional units are needed. C. observe the scene for safety hazards. D. carefully assess the mechanism of injury.

C. observe the scene for safety hazards.

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed: Select one: A. anywhere on the arms. B. on either side of the chest. C. on the thighs or ankles. D. on the lower abdomen.

C. on the thighs or ankles.

To protect a restrained patient and prevent him from using leverage to break free, the EMT should secure __________. Select one: A. only the patient's torso B. both arms at the patient's sides C. one arm above the head D. both arms above the head

C. one arm above the head

In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur: Select one: A. the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen. B. there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion. C. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane. D. the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed.

C. oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar-capillary membrane.

The type and severity of wounds sustained from incendiary and explosive devices primarily depend on the: Select one: A. size of the structure that was involved in the explosion. B. pressure that is generated from the explosion itself. C. patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion. D. type of material used to manufacture the device.

C. patient's distance from the epicenter of the explosion.

The EMT should use an AED on a child between 1 month and 8 years of age if: Select one: A. special pads are used and the child has profound tachycardia. B. his or her condition is rapidly progressing to cardiac arrest. C. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available. D. he or she is not breathing and has a weakly palpable pulse.

C. pediatric pads and an energy-reducing device are available.

You suspect your patient is in shock you note the patients skin is pale. This is likely due to ? A. an increased heart rate B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral vasoconstriction D. hypothermia

C. peripheral vasoconstriction

You suspect your patient is in shock. You note the patient's skin is pale. This is likely due to ___________. Select one: A. an increased heart rate B. peripheral vasodilation C. peripheral vasoconstriction D. hypothermia

C. peripheral vasoconstriction

A palpable pulse is created by: Select one: A. electrical conduction in the heart producing ventricular contraction. B. the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries. C. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction. D. the pressure that is caused when venous blood returns to the heart.

C. pressure waves through the arteries caused by cardiac contraction.

While staged at the scene of a structure fire, the EMT should _________. Select one: A. locate the safety officer B. assess firefighters for signs of fatigue C. remain with the ambulance D. stay with the incident commander

C. remain with the ambulance

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________.

C. remove it

If an object is visible in the unconscious patient's airway, you should __________. Select one: A. leave it in place B. continue chest compressions C. remove it D. place the patient on his or her side

C. remove it

A 19-year-old female is found unconscious by her roommate. Your primary assessment reveals that her breathing is inadequate. As you insert an oropharyngeal airway, she begins to gag violently. You should: Select one: A. select a smaller oropharyngeal airway and attempt to insert it. B. insert the airway no further but leave it in place as a bite block. C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx. D. continue to insert the airway as you suction her oropharynx.

C. remove the airway and be prepared to suction her oropharynx

Quid pro quo, a type of sexual harassment, occurs when the harasser: Select one: A. touches another person without his or her consent. B. stares at certain parts of another person's anatomy. C. requests sexual favors in exchange for something else. D. makes rude remarks about a person's body parts.

C. requests sexual favors in exchange for something else.

In most cases, cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is caused by: Select one: A. a cardiac dysrhythmia. B. severe chest trauma. C. respiratory arrest. D. a drug overdose.

C. respiratory arrest.

The _________ is both the mechanical weight-bearing base of the spinal column and the fused central posterior section of the pelvic girdle. Select one: A. coccyx B. ischium C. sacrum D. thorax

C. sacrum

You are ventilating a patient with a stoma; however, air is escaping from the mouth and nose. To prevent this, you should: Select one: A. ventilate with less pressure. B. thoroughly suction the stoma. C. seal the mouth and nose. D. thrust the jaw forward.

C. seal the mouth and nose.

Chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, and gonorrhea are all examples of _________. A. "women's conditions" B. diseases that can cause scarring of the fallopian tubes C. sexually transmitted diseases D. causes of vaginal bleeding

C. sexually transmitted diseases

The use of lights and siren on an ambulance: Select one: A. is required any time a patient is being transported to the hospital. B. legally gives the emergency vehicle operator the right of way. C. signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way. D. allows other drivers to hear and see you from a great distance.

C. signifies a request for other drivers to yield the right of way.

The electrical impulse generated by the heart originates in the: Select one: A. atrioventricular node. B. bundle of His. C. sinoatrial node. D. coronary sinus.

C. sinoatrial node.

Patients with acute abdominal pain should not be given anything to eat or drink because: A. it will create referred pain and obscure the diagnosis. B. food will rapidly travel through the digestive system. C. substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration. D. digestion prevents accurate auscultation of bowel sounds.

C. substances in the stomach increase the risk of aspiration.

The MOST serious consequence of drug or alcohol abuse among EMS personnel is: Select one: A. punitive action and the loss of a job. B. low morale and frequently missed shifts. C. substandard or inappropriate patient care. D. tension among coworkers and supervisors.

C. substandard or inappropriate patient care.

Returning the emergency unit to service is part of the _________. Select one: A. support phase B. transfer phase C. termination phase D. hazard-control phase

C. termination phase

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms. B. it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs. C. the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first. D. the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured.

C. the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when: Select one: A. a weakened area develops in the aortic wall. B. the aorta ruptures, resulting in profound bleeding. C. the inner layers of the aorta become separated. D. all layers of the aorta suddenly contract.

C. the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

A patient with atherosclerotic heart disease experiences chest pain during exertion because: Select one: A. the ragged edge of a tear in the coronary artery lumen causes local blood clotting and arterial narrowing. B. tissues of the myocardium undergo necrosis secondary to a prolonged absence of oxygen. C. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow. D. the coronary arteries suddenly spasm and cause a marked reduction in myocardial blood flow.

C. the lumen of the coronary artery is narrowed and cannot accommodate increased blood flow.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. whether or not the patient is deteriorating. B. the nature of any newly identified problems. C. the reason why the patient called EMS. D. the patient's response to your treatment.

C. the reason why the patient called EMS.

After primary triage, the triage supervisor should communicate all of the following information to the medical branch officer, EXCEPT: Select one: A. the number of patients in each triage category. B. the total number of patients that have been triaged. C. the recommended transport destination for each patient. D. recommendations for movement to the treatment area.

C. the recommended transport destination for each patient.

To protect vital organs, the body compensates by directing blood flow away from organs that are more tolerant of low flow, such as: Select one: A. the lungs. B. the brain. C. the skin. D. the heart.

C. the skin.

A patient has a blood pressure of 130/70 mm Hg. The "130" in this measurement represents: Select one: A. atrial contraction. B. ventricular relaxation. C. ventricular contraction. D. ventricular filling.

C. ventricular contraction.

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: Select one: A. the disease is dormant in your body, but will probably never cause symptoms. B. you are actively infected with tuberculosis and should be treated immediately. C. you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient. D. you contracted the disease by casual contact instead of exposure to secretions.

C. you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely lead to pelvic inflammatory disease if left untreated? Select one

Chlamydia

rhonchi

Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways.

atelectasis

Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs.

Atelectasis can be defined as?

Collapsed alveoli

the early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss.

Compensated Shock

A small compact car was involved in a rollover crash. As you are approaching the vehicle, you note that the roof is significantly collapsed. The patient, a 29-year-old male, is complaining of severe pain in his neck and to the top of his head as well as numbness and tingling in his extremities. Witnesses who removed the patient from the vehicle state that he was wearing his seatbelt. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for this patient's condition?

Compression of the head against the roof

Which of the following statements regarding CPR is correct?

CPR temporarily provides minimal circulation and ventilation.

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Cardiac Tamponade

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. it can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Cardiogenic shock

Dyspnea is a common complaint in patients with which type of disease?

Cardiopulmonary

Which of the following is NOT an indication to stop CPR once you have started?

Care is transferred to a bystander

Tension headaches

Caused by muscle contractions in the head and neck Attributed to stress

Sinus headaches

Caused by pressure that is the result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities

You are treating a middle aged man with chest discomfort. He has a history of heart attacks and takes nitro as needed for chest pain. You have standing orders to administer asprin to aptients with suspected cardiac related chest pain or discomfort. While your partner is preparing to administer oxygen, you should;

Confirm the patient is not allergic to asprin, administer the appropriate dose, and document the time and dosage

Which of the following MOST accurately describes what the patient will experience during the postictal state that follows a seizure?

Confusion and fatigue

You are dispatched to a movie theatre for a 39yr old woman with signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction. During your assessment she takes an epinephrine auto-injector our of her purse and hands it to you. After administering 100% oxygen you should;

Contact medical control

Function of the Cerebellum

Controls muscle and body coordination responsible for coordinating complex tasks that involve many muscles

Function of the brain stem

Controls the most basic functions of the body, such as breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and pupil constriction.

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition?

Substance abuse

Causes of vaginal bleeding include which of the following? A. Ectopic pregnancy B. Vaginal trauma C. Spontaneous abortion D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

What is (are) the primary female reproductive organ(s) called? A. Uterine tubes B. Uterus C. Vagina D. Ovaries

D. Ovaries

When testing a mechanical suctioning unit, you should turn on the device, clamp the tubing, and ensure that it generates a vacuum pressure of more than: Select one: A. 100 mm Hg. B. 400 mm Hg. C. 200 mm Hg. D. 300 mm Hg.

D. 300 mm Hg.

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service? Select one: A. 29-year-old woman who is 18 weeks pregnant, has light vaginal bleeding, and stable vital signs B. 43-year-old man experiencing a heart attack, and the closest appropriate hospital is 15 minutes away C. 50-year-old conscious woman with severe nausea and vomiting, fever, and chills of 3 days' duration D. 61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

D. 61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

In which of the following situations would it be MOST appropriate to utilize an air medical transportation service? Select one: A. 29-year-old woman who is 18 weeks pregnant, has light vaginal bleeding, and stable vital signs B. 50-year-old conscious woman with severe nausea and vomiting, fever, and chills of 3 days' duration C. 43-year-old man experiencing a heart attack, and the closest appropriate hospital is 15 minutes away D. 61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

D. 61-year-old man with signs and symptoms of a stroke and a ground transport time of 50 minutes

The JumpSTART triage system is intended to be used for children younger than _____ years or who appear to weigh less than _____. Select one: A. 7; 90 lb B. 6; 70 lb C. 5; 50 lb D. 8; 100 lb

D. 8; 100 lb

A normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is between: Select one: A. 70 and 140 mm Hg. B. 80 and 120 mm Hg. C. 60 and 120 mm Hg. D. 90 and 140 mm Hg.

D. 90 and 140 mm Hg.

In which of the following situations does a legal duty to act clearly exist? Select one: A. The EMT hears of a cardiac arrest after his or her shift ends. B. The EMT witnesses a vehicle crash while off duty. C. A bystander encounters a victim who is not breathing. D. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

D. A call is received 15 minutes prior to shift change.

Which of the following patients is breathing adequately? Select one: A. An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin B. A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations C. A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume D. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

D. A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin

Which of the following statements regarding a patient refusal is correct? Select one: A. Documentation of proposed care is unnecessary if the patient refuses treatment. B. Advice given to a patient who refuses EMS treatment should not be documented. C. A patient who consumed a few beers will likely be able to refuse EMS treatment. D. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

D. A mentally competent adult has the legal right to refuse EMS care and transport.

Anaphylaxis caused by stinging insects is typically an allergic reaction to ____________ rather than the bite or sting itself. A. injected poison B. irritating toxin C. deadly venom D. All of these answers are correct

D. All of these answers are correct

Patients may experience allergic reactions to which of the following substances? A. Insect or animal bites and stings B. Plant material C. Food and medications D. All of these answers are correct

D. All of these answers are correct

When a foreign substance invades the body, the body will __________. A. protect itself B. go on alert C. attempt to inactivate the foreign substance D. All of these answers are correct

D. All of these answers are correct

During gynecologic emergencies, in addition to the standard SAMPLE questions, the EMT should attempt to determine which of the following? A. The amount of time since of the patent's last menstrual cycle B. The possibility that the patient may be pregnant C. If the patient is sexually active D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

In cases of sexual assault, it is important to ensure that you do which of the following? A. Immediately write down your observations of the scene before assessing the patient. B. Call for a female EMT or ALS care provider. C. Discuss with law enforcement any suspicions that you may have about the perpetrator. D. All of these answers are correct.

D. All of these answers are correct.

Which of the following scenarios MOST accurately depicts a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reaction? Select one: A. An EMT is emotionally exhausted and depressed after a school bus crash involving critical injuries and the death of several children. B. A newly certified EMT becomes extremely nauseated and diaphoretic at the scene of an incident involving grotesque injuries. C. An EMT with many years of field experience becomes irritable with her coworkers and experiences headaches and insomnia. D. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

D. An EMT becomes distracted at the scene of a motor vehicle crash involving the same type of car in which a child was previously killed.

Which of the following incidents does NOT require a report to be filed with local authorities? Select one: A. Animal bites B. Gunshot wounds C. Spousal abuse D. Cardiac arrest

D. Cardiac arrest

Which of the following injuries would MOST likely cause obstructive shock? Select one: A. Spinal cord injury B. Simple pneumothorax C. Liver laceration D. Cardiac tamponade

D. Cardiac tamponade

Where would you MOST likely find information regarding a patient's wishes to be an organ donor? Select one: A. Insurance card B. Social Security card C. Voter registration card D. Driver's license

D. Driver's license

Prehospital patient care decisions should be based on __________. Select one: A. the experiences of EMTs B. the opinions of physicians C. an EMS agency's fiscal resources D. EMS research

D. EMS research

You are approaching an overturned tanker truck to assess the driver, who appears to be unresponsive. As you get closer to the vehicle, you note the smell of noxious fumes and find that you are in the midst of a vapor cloud. What should you do? Select one: A. Remain where you are and perform a visual assessment of the patient. B. Realize that you are in the danger zone and prevent others from entering. C. Cover your face with your shirt and quickly extricate the injured driver. D. Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team.

D. Exit the area immediately and gather information for the HazMat team.

You are transporting a 54-year-old male in respiratory arrest. An EMR is driving the ambulance as you and your partner are caring for the patient. Which of the following is the MOST logical way of notifying the hospital? Select one: A. Wait until you arrive at the hospital and then quickly apprise the staff of the situation. B. Call the receiving hospital with your cell phone while providing patient care. C. Request that a police officer respond to the hospital to apprise the staff of your arrival. D. Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital.

D. Have the driver contact dispatch and relay the patient information to the hospital.

Your patient's past medical history includes hypertension, congestive heart failure, diabetes, and seizures. Today, he presents with signs of acute renal failure. Which of his medical problems MOST likely caused this? A. Seizures B. Diabetes C. Hypertension D. Heart failure

D. Heart failure

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? Select one: A. Medical conditions B. Overall health C. Medications D. Increased weight

D. Increased weight

Which of the following is the MOST appropriate device to use when immobilizing a patient with a suspected spinal injury? Select one: A. Scoop stretcher B. Wheeled stretcher C. Portable stretcher D. Long backboard

D. Long backboard

________ is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics. Select one: A. Meningitis B. Tuberculosis C. Hepatitis C D. MRSA

D. MRSA

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score? Select one: A. Opens eyes in response to voice, makes incomprehensible sounds, localizes pain B. Opens eyes spontaneously, is confused when spoken to, exhibits abnormal flexion C. Eyes remain closed, makes incomprehensible sounds, exhibits abnormal extension D. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

D. Opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? Select one: A. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system. B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects. C. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally. D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct? Select one: A. The single most reliable sign of breathing adequacy in the adult is his or her respiratory rate. B. A patient with slow respirations and adequate depth will experience an increase in minute volume. C. Patients with a grossly irregular breathing pattern usually do not require assisted ventilation. D. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.

D. Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose? Select one: A. Middle adults B. Females C. Patients with asthma D. Pediatric patients

D. Pediatric patients

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this?

D. Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

CPR is in progress on a pregnant woman. Shortly after manually displacing her uterus to the left, return of spontaneous circulation occurs. Which of the following would MOST likely explain this? Select one: A. Displacement of her uterus caused blood to flow backward, which increased blood flow to her heart. B. Increased blood flow to her heart caused her ventricles to stop fibrillating, which restored her pulse. C. Displacement of her uterus allowed her lungs to expand more fully, which restored her pulse. D. Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

D. Pressure was relieved from her aorta and vena cava, which improved chest compression effectiveness.

A 25-year-old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. She has signs and symptoms of shock, which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding. Which of the following interventions will provide this patient with the greatest chance for survival? Select one: A. High-flow oxygen administration B. Full immobilization of her spine C. Intravenous fluid administration D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

D. Rapid transport to a trauma center

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up? Select one: A. Noting the position of a crashed motor vehicle B. Asking a neighbor to secure the patient's dog C. Notifying the dispatcher to send fire personnel D. Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

D. Rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) would MOST likely be contraindicated in which of the following situations? Select one: A. Pulmonary edema, history of hypertension, and anxiety B. Difficulty breathing, two-word dyspnea, and tachycardia C. Conscious and alert patient with an oxygen saturation of 85% D. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

D. Shortness of breath and a blood pressure of 76/56 mm Hg

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle? Select one: A. Urinary system B. Gastrointestinal tract C. Blood vessels D. Skeletal system

D. Skeletal system

Which of the following conditions is NOT categorized as a psychiatric condition? Select one: A. Alzheimer disease B. Depression C. Schizophrenia D. Substance abuse

D. Substance abuse

Which of the following statements regarding the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct? Select one: A. The minimum number of hours required to successfully complete an EMT course is less for candidates who are disabled. B. According to the ADA, EMT candidates with a documented disability are exempt from taking the NREMT exam. C. The ADA applies only to individuals with a diagnosed and well-documented physical disability. D. The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled.

D. The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled.

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct? Select one: A. A nonsignificant MOI rules out the possibility of serious trauma. B. A significant MOI always results in patient death or permanent disability. C. The exact location of a patient's injuries can be determined by the MOI. D. The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.

D. The MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries.

Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct? Select one: A. The NREMT is a governmental agency that certifies EMTs. B. EMS training standards are regulated by the NREMT. C. The NREMT is the exclusive certifying body for EMTs. D. The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing.

D. The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing

Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model? Select one: A. EMTs respond to a woman who complains of high fever B. Paramedics pick up a patient from an acute care clinic C. EMTs assess a patient whose lung disease is "acting up" D. The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

D. The paramedic administers a patient's flu vaccination

In which of the following circumstances can the EMT legally release confidential patient information? Select one: A. A police officer requests a copy to place on file B. The family requests a copy for insurance purposes C. A media representative inquires about the patient D. The patient is competent and signs a release form

D. The patient is competent and signs a release form

You are attempting to gain access to a patient who was injured when his truck struck another vehicle from behind. The patient is conscious and alert, but is screaming in pain. You try to open the door, but it is locked. You should: Select one: A. request the rescue team to extricate him. B. use a pry bar to attempt to open the door. C. break the window and unlock the door. D. ask the patient if he can unlock the door.

D. ask the patient if he can unlock the door.

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct? Select one: A. The secondary assessment should be performed en route to the hospital, regardless of the severity of the patient's condition. B. During the secondary assessment, the EMT's primary focus should be on taking the patient's vital signs and obtaining a SAMPLE history. C. A secondary assessment should always be performed, even if you must continually manage life threats that were identified in the primary assessment. D. The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

D. The secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint.

Which of the following statements regarding HIV is correct? Select one: A. HIV is easily transmittable in the EMS field. B. HIV is transmitted exclusively via blood. C. HIV is far more contagious than hepatitis B. D. There is no vaccine against HIV infection.

D. There is no vaccine against HIV infection.

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________. Select one: A. a low blood glucose level B. abdominal pain C. seizures D. a fever

D. a fever

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. any disease that enters the body via the bloodstream and renders the immune system nonfunctional. B. the invasion of the human body by a bacterium that cannot be destroyed by antibiotics or other drugs. C. a disease that can be spread from one person or species to another through a number of mechanisms. D. a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

D. a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

The EMT should expect that a patient who was exposed to cyanide will have: Select one: A. an abnormally slow pulse rate. B. skin that is cherry red and hot. C. an abnormally slow respiratory rate. D. a normal pulse oximetry reading.

D. a normal pulse oximetry reading.

To help protect patients, EMS agencies are required to have __________. Select one: A. online access to patient records B. public forums with their medical director C. an anonymous reporting system D. a privacy officer to answer questions

D. a privacy officer to answer questions

CPR should be initiated when: Select one: A. rigor mortis is obvious. B. signs of putrefaction are present. C. the carotid pulse is very weak. D. a valid living will is unavailable.

D. a valid living will is unavailable.

You are transporting a 67-year-old female patient to the hospital for investigation of abdominal pain. The patient care record indicates that the patient has a history of AAA. Based on this information, the patient care record includes an abbreviation for: Select one: A. against ambulance advice. B. acute abdominal assessment. C. acute abdominal aneurysm . D. abdominal aortic aneurysm.

D. abdominal aortic aneurysm.

A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________. A. aches and fever associated with urination B. bleeding associated with stress C. nausea and vomiting associated with intercourse D. abdominal pain associated with menstruation

D. abdominal pain associated with menstruation

Equipment and supplies that are carried on an ambulance should be stored: Select one: A. in locked or secured cabinets in order to prevent theft. B. as directed by the EMS system's medical director. C. based on recommendations of the health department. D. according to the urgency and frequency of their use.

D. according to the urgency and frequency of their use.

A 26-year-old female presents with heavy vaginal bleeding. She is conscious, but restless. Her blood pressure is 84/54 mm Hg, her pulse is 120 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. She tells you that she inserted a tampon about 2 hours ago. You should: A. administer high-flow oxygen, ask her to remove the tampon, perform a detailed secondary assessment, and transport promptly. B. assist her ventilations with a bag-valve mask, place one sterile dressing into her vagina, perform a rapid secondary assessment, and transport. C. administer high-flow oxygen, perform a detailed assessment of her vaginal area for signs of trauma, place her on her side, and transport. D. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

D. administer high-flow oxygen, place a sterile pad over her vagina, keep her warm, elevate her lower extremities, and transport without delay.

When you are communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. deafness and blindness are a normal part of the process of aging. B. the majority of older patients experience a loss of low-frequency hearing. C. most older patients are confused due to a decrease in brain cells. D. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

D. age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

Crackles (rales) are caused by _________. Select one: A. severe bronchoconstriction B. mucus in the larger airways C. narrowing of the upper airways D. air passing through fluid

D. air passing through fluid

Basic causes of shock include A. poor pump function B. blood or fluid loss C. blood vessel dilation D. all of the above

D. all of the above

The action of hormones such as epinephrine and norepinephrine stimulates _______ to maintain pressure in the system and as a result perfusion of all vital organs A. an increase in hear rate B. an increase in the strength of cardiac contractions C. vasoconstriction in nonessential areas D. all of the above

D. all of the above

When decontaminating the back of your ambulance after a call, you should: Select one: A. spray the contaminated areas and then immediately wipe them dry with a towel. B. use a bleach and water solution at a 1:2 dilution ratio to thoroughly wipe all surfaces. C. clean all surfaces and patient contact areas with a mixture of alcohol and water. D. allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions.

D. allow surfaces to air dry unless otherwise indicated in the product directions.

Points of distribution (PODs) are strategically placed facilities where: Select one: A. chemical and biologic weapons are stockpiled. B. weapons of mass destruction are distributed. C. chemical weapons are manufactured and distributed. D. antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed.

D. antidotes, antibiotics, and vaccines are distributed.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should: Select one: A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin. B. administer up to 324 mg of baby aspirin. C. obtain vital signs and a SAMPLE history. D. assess the adequacy of his respirations.

D. assess the adequacy of his respirations.

Common factors that influence how a patient reacts to the stress of an illness or injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. mental disorders. B. fear of medical personnel. C. history of chronic disease. D. assessment by the EMT.

D. assessment by the EMT.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: A. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours. B. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. C. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

Multiple people in a small town began experiencing abdominal cramps, excessive salivation and urination, and muscle twitching shortly after a small crop duster plane made several passes over the community. As you are assessing the patients, you further determine that most of them are bradycardic and have miosis. In addition to high-flow oxygen, the MOST appropriate treatment for these patients includes: Select one: A. activated charcoal and glucose. B. amyl nitrate and naloxone. C. epinephrine and hyperbaric oxygen. D. atropine and pralidoxime chloride.

D. atropine and pralidoxime chloride.

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to: Select one: A. dilate. B. become larger. C. not react. D. become smaller.

D. become smaller.

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should: Select one: A. perform two-rescuer CPR for 5 minutes and request ALS backup. B. have your partner perform CPR while you question the bystanders. C. immediately apply the AED pads and analyze his cardiac rhythm. D. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.

D. begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.

You respond to the home of a 59-year-old man who is unconscious; has slow, shallow breathing; and has a weak pulse. The family states that the patient has terminal brain cancer and does not wish to be resuscitated. They further state that there is a DNR order for this patient, but they are unable to locate it. You should: Select one: A. decide on further action once the DNR order is produced. B. honor the patient's wishes and withhold all treatment. C. transport the patient without providing any treatment. D. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.

D. begin treatment and contact medical control as needed.

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: Select one: A. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age. B. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. C. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from: Select one: A. pertussis. B. epiglottitis. C. croup. D. bronchiolitis.

D. bronchiolitis.

Several attempts to adequately open a trauma patient's airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver have been unsuccessful. You should: Select one: A. try opening the airway by lifting up on the chin. B. suction the airway and reattempt the jaw-thrust maneuver. C. tilt the head back while lifting up on the patient's neck. D. carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

D. carefully perform the head tilt-chin lift maneuver.

When treating an 80-year-old patient who is in shock, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume. B. the older patient's central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock. C. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause an unusually fast heart rate. D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting.

D. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying, which increases the risk for vomiting

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a: Select one: A. combination of a psychiatric and trauma emergency. B. medical emergency. C. trauma emergency. D. combination of a medical and trauma emergency.

D. combination of a medical and trauma emergency.

You are transporting a 49-year-old male with "tearing" abdominal pain. You are approximately 30 miles away from the closest hospital. During your reassessment, you determine that the patient's condition has deteriorated significantly. You should: A. assist his ventilations with a bag-valve mask. B. immediately perform a rapid physical examination. C. continue transporting and alert the receiving hospital. D. consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit.

D. consider requesting a rendezvous with an ALS unit.

Putrefaction is defined as: Select one: A. profound cyanosis to the trunk and face. B. blood settling to the lowest point of the body. C. separation of the torso from the rest of the body. D. decomposition of the body's tissues.

D. decomposition of the body's tissues.

Without practice, your CPR skills will __________. Select one: A. become part of your muscle memory B. improve over time C. come back automatically when needed D. deteriorate over time

D. deteriorate over time

A 19-year-old female has just been extricated from her severely damaged car. She is on a long backboard and has been moved to a place of safety. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a rapid assessment. The patient is unresponsive, has slow and shallow respirations, and has bilaterally closed femur deformities. You should: Select one: A. stabilize her legs with long board splints. B. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. C. obtain baseline vital signs and transport at once. D. direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.

D. direct your partner to begin ventilatory assistance.

Communicating with patients who are deaf or hard-of-hearing can be facilitated by doing all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. shining a light on your face when you are in a darkened environment. B. placing yourself in a position to ensure that the patient can see your lips. C. providing pen and paper if the patient prefers to write his or her response. D. elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.

D. elevating the tone of your voice and exaggerating word pronunciation.

American Heart Association protocols are based on __________. Select one: A. theories ready for field trial B. trends in the EMS community C. opinions from a core group of cardiologists D. evidence-based research

D. evidence-based research

Signs of a sudden severe upper airway obstruction include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. grasping the throat. B. acute cyanosis. C. inability to speak. D. forceful coughing.

D. forceful coughing.

The term used when individual units or different organizations make independent, and often inefficient, decisions regarding an incident is called: Select one: A. undermining. B. logistical chaos. C. single command. D. freelancing.

D. freelancing.

You are standing by at the scene of a hostage situation when the incident commander advises you that one of his personnel has been shot. The patient is lying supine in an open area and is not moving. As the SWAT team escorts you to the patient, you should: Select one: A. limit your primary assessment to airway and breathing only. B. treat only critical injuries before moving him to a safe place. C. perform a rapid assessment and move him to a place of safety. D. grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety.

D. grab him by the clothes and immediately move him to safety.

Common safety equipment carried on the ambulance includes all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. turnout gear. B. safety goggles. C. face shields. D. hazardous materials gear.

D. hazardous materials gear.

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called: Select one: A. hematemesis. B. hemiplegia. C. hemolysis. D. hemostasis.

D. hemostasis.

In an acute injury setting neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by A. hypovolemia B. tachycardia C. diaphoresis D. hypothermia

D. hypothermia

In an acute injury setting, neurogenic shock is commonly accompanied by: Select one: A. hypovolemia. B. tachycardia. C. diaphoresis. D. hypothermia.

D. hypothermia.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor vehicle crash, you can see three patients, one who is entrapped in his car and two who have been ejected from their vehicle. You should: Select one: A. call medical control for further direction. B. request law enforcement for traffic control. C. begin triage to determine injury severity. D. immediately request additional resources.

D. immediately request additional resources.

A 33-year-old restrained driver of a motor vehicle crash is awake and alert, complaining only of neck pain and left leg pain. The vehicle is stable and no hazards are present. When removing this patient from his vehicle, you should: Select one: A. apply a full leg splint prior to extrication. B. use the rapid extrication technique. C. maintain slight traction to his neck area. D. immobilize him with a vest-style device.

D. immobilize him with a vest-style device.

The LEAST practical place to store a portable oxygen cylinder is: Select one: A. near the side or rear door. B. on the ambulance stretcher. C. inside the jump kit. D. in the driver's compartment.

D. in the driver's compartment.

The MOST serious consequence of a poorly planned or rushed patient move is: Select one: A. confusion among team members. B. unnecessarily wasting time. C. causing patient anxiety or fear. D. injury to you or your patient.

D. injury to you or your patient.

To minimize the risk of injuring yourself when lifting or moving a patient, you should: Select one: A. avoid the use of log rolls or body drags. B. use a direct carry whenever possible. C. flex at the waist instead of the hips. D. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

D. keep the weight as close to your body as possible.

When prioritizing care for the victim of a sexual assault, the EMT should focus on _________ first. A. preserving evidence B. relaying the patient's account of the event to law enforcement C. soft-tissue injuries D. life-threatening injuries

D. life-threatening injuries

The topographic term used to describe the location of body parts that are closer toward the midline of the body is: Select one: A. midaxillary. B. midclavicular. C. lateral. D. medial.

D. medial.

The ___________ plane separates the body into left and right halves. A. sagittal B. coronal C. transverse D. midsagittal

D. midsagittal

While rescuer one is finishing his or her fifth cycle of 30 compressions, rescuer two should: Select one: A. give two breaths and prepare to start compressions. B. suction the patient's mouth and give two more ventilations. C. assess for a carotid pulse for 15 seconds. D. move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.

D. move to the opposite side of the patient's chest.

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. Select one: A. cardiac B. endocrine C. respiratory D. neurologic

D. neurologic

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem. Select one: A. endocrine B. respiratory C. cardiac D. neurologic

D. neurologic

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of: Select one: A. epidemics. B. parasitic infection. C. uncontrolled outbreaks. D. pandemics.

D. pandemics.

Upon arrival at a trench rescue operation, you should _________. Select one: A. assist with the rescue operation B. park as close to the incident as possible C. determine if rescuers are operating safely D. park at least 500 feet from the incident

D. park at least 500 feet from the incident

You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of __________. Select one: A. abuse of authority B. scope of practice C. undue hardship D. patient advocacy

D. patient advocacy

For every emergency request, the dispatcher should routinely gather and record all of the following information, EXCEPT the: Select one: A. caller's phone number. B. nature of the call. C. location of the patient(s). D. patient's medical history.

D. patient's medical history.

Online medical control requires __________. Select one: A. the presence of an advanced-level provider B. written protocols approved by medical control C. a physician's presence on the scene of the call D. phone or radio contact with the medical director

D. phone or radio contact with the medical director

When moving a conscious, weak patient down a flight of stairs, you should: Select one: A. assist the patient in walking down the stairs and place him or her on the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs. B. secure the patient to a scoop stretcher and carry him or her headfirst down the stairs to the awaiting stretcher. C. collapse the undercarriage of the wheeled stretcher and carefully carry the patient down the stairs on the stretcher. D. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

D. place the wheeled stretcher at the bottom of the stairs and carry the patient down the stairs with a stair chair.

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should: Select one: A. direct your partner to move the gun to a safe area and then advise the patient that his weapon has been secured. B. document the presence of the weapon, including its specific location, and continue your assessment of the patient. C. immediately cease all patient care, carefully back out of the residence, and request law enforcement assistance. D. position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

D. position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance.

In relation to the chest, the back is: Select one: A. ventral. B. inferior. C. anterior. D. posterior.

D. posterior.

Upon arrival at a search-and-rescue incident, the EMS crew should _________. Select one: A. begin searching for the patient B. split up and request a search grid C. provide the incident commander with the crew's names and certification level(s) D. prepare the equipment to carry to the patient

D. prepare the equipment to carry to the patient

When removing a critically injured patient from his or her vehicle, you should: Select one: A. release c-spine control to facilitate rapid removal. B. move him or her in one fast, continuous step. C. remove him or her using a short backboard. D. protect the cervical spine during the entire process.

D. protect the cervical spine during the entire process.

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to __________. Select one: A. reduce expenses at the local and state levels B. unify EMS providers under a single medical director C. facilitate a national EMS labor group D. provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States

D. provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States

A 25 year old unrestrained female struck the steering wheel with her chest when her car hit a tree while traveling at a high rate of speed. she has signs and symptoms of shock which you suspect are the result of intrathoracic bleeding which of the following interventions will provide the patient the greatest chance of survival A. High flow oxygen administration B. full mobilization of her spine C. intravenous fluid administration D. rapid transport to a trauma center

D. rapid transport to a trauma center

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. B. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did. C. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

D. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication.

Which of the following is a nonhemorrhagic cause of hypovolemic shock?

Diarrhea

General guidelines for safe ambulance driving include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. avoiding routes with heavy traffic congestion. B. avoiding one-way streets whenever possible. C. assuming that other drivers will not see you. D. regularly using the siren as much as possible.

D. regularly using the siren as much as possible.

At a scene with downed electrical lines, the EMT should _________. Select one: A. enter the danger (hot) zone for patient removal only B. relocate the danger (hot) zone away from the patient C. stabilize the patient in the danger (hot) zone D. remain outside the danger (hot) zone

D. remain outside the danger (hot) zone

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should:

D. remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

Your partner is performing one-rescuer CPR on a middle-aged woman in cardiac arrest. When you apply the AED pads, you note that she has a medication patch over the same area where one of the AED pads will be placed. You should: Select one: A. move the patch to another area of the patient's chest and then properly apply the AED pads. B. apply the AED pad at least 1 inch away from the medication patch to avoid skin burns. C. continue CPR until you can determine the name of the medication contained in the patch. D. remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

D. remove the medication patch, wipe away any medication residue, and apply the AED pads.

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the: Select one: A. distance between the two AED pads on the chest. B. direction that the electrical flow takes in the body. C. actual amount of energy that the AED will deliver. D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

D. resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

As you are wheeling your patient through the emergency department doors, you receive another call for a major motor vehicle crash. You should: Select one: A. place the patient in a high-visibility area and then respond to the call. B. leave a copy of the run form with a nurse and then respond to the call. C. inform the admissions clerk of the situation and then respond at once. D. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.

D. respond only after giving a verbal patient report to a nurse or physician.

The cervical spine is composed of ___________ vertebrae. A. four B. five C. six D. seven

D. seven

Inadequate circulation of blood throughout the body is called ________. Select one: A. perfusion B. hypoxia C. hypotension D. shock

D. shock

Some women experience ___________ during ovulation. A. hypotension B. severe bleeding C. severe abdominal pain D. slight cramping

D. slight cramping

"Gastro" in the word "gastroenteritis" means: Select one: A. tongue. B. intestine. C. bowel. D. stomach.

D. stomach.

After sizing up the scene of a patient with a possible infectious disease, your next priority should be to: Select one: A. contact medical control. B. notify law enforcement. C. quickly access the patient. D. take standard precautions.

D. take standard precautions.

Atherosclerosis is defined as ________. Select one: A. the buildup of plaque inside blood vessels B. dilation of the arteries C. constriction of the blood vessels D. the blockage of a coronary artery

D. the blockage of a coronary artery

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that: Select one: A. the majority of medical patients you encounter are also injured. B. it is during the general impression that assessment of the ABCs occurs. C. most serious medical conditions do not present with obvious symptoms. D. the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

D. the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first.

You are transporting to a 66-year-old patient with a history of heart problems. The patient chart indicates that he has hepatomegaly. The root of the term indicates that: Select one: A. the problem is a direct consequence of the patient's heart disease. B. the problem is unrelated to the patient's heart condition. C. the organ involved is enlarged. D. the problem is with the patient's liver.

D. the problem is with the patient's liver.

The ability to handle multiple tasks based on their priority is called __________. Select one: A. patient empathy B. patient advocacy C. integrity D. time management

D. time management

A medical transport helicopter is incoming and you are responsible for setting up the landing zone (LZ). You should: Select one: A. use yellow caution tape to mark of the LZ perimeter. B. ask bystanders to stand at all four corners of the LZ. C. place four flares 100 feet apart in an "X" pattern. D. use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ.

D. use weighted cones to mark all four corners of the LZ.

Effective therapeutic communication skills require _________. Select one: A. supervision by advanced life support personnel B. correct use of complex medical terminology C. English-speaking patients or family members D. verbal and nonverbal communication techniques

D. verbal and nonverbal communication techniques

The EMT's responsibility during search-and-rescue operations is to _________. Select one: A. direct other incoming EMS units B. assist in the search on foot C. assume medical command D. wait at the staging area until the patient is located

D. wait at the staging area until the patient is located

In determining the potential for a terrorist attack, you should routinely observe all of the following on every call, EXCEPT: Select one: A. victim's statements. B. the type of call. C. the location type. D. weather conditions.

D. weather conditions.

Gloves, a mask, eye protection, and a face shield should be used: Select one: A. whenever you touch nonintact skin. B. during routine cleaning of the ambulance. C. while handling needles or other sharps. D. when performing endotracheal intubation.

D. when performing endotracheal intubation.

Distributive shock occurs when: Select one: A. severe bleeding causes tachycardia in order to distribute blood to the organs faster. B. an injury causes restriction of the heart muscle and impairs its pumping function. C. temporary but severe vasodilation causes a decrease in blood supply to the brain. D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

D. widespread dilation of the blood vessels causes blood to pool in the vascular beds.

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that: Select one: A. you are actively infected with tuberculosis and should be treated immediately. B. the disease is dormant in your body, but will probably never cause symptoms. C. you contracted the disease by casual contact instead of exposure to secretions. D. you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

D. you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

Which of the following considerations is the most important for the EMT during the scene size-up step of managing a psychiatric emergency?

Do you need to call for law enforcement as additional resources?

What information should you include on your PCR related to a patient's medications?

Document the medication names and dosages.

Which of the following medications blocks the release of histamines?

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

The amount of medication that is given is known as the ____

Dose

A 66-year-old woman presents with a stabbing pain in the middle of her chest that radiates to her back. She tells you that the pain suddenly began about 30 minutes ago and has been severe since the onset. She has a history of hypertension, but admits to being noncompliant with her antihypertensive medications. When you assess her, you find that her blood pressure is significantly higher in her left arm than it is in her right arm. What do these signs and symptoms MOST likely indicate?

Dissecting aortic aneurysm

the late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

De-compensated shock

infarction

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply.

Kussmaul respirations

Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.

Which of the following is considered an obvious sign of death and would not require the initiation of CPR?

Dependent blood pooling

Which of the following findings would be LEAST suggestive of the presence of high-energy trauma?

Deployment of the airbag

Which of the following is not a part of the life cycle of sperm?

Deposited by the seminal vesicles

Which of the following is an example of a psychiatric disorder?

Depression

Which of the following skin layers contains sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels, and nerve endings?

Dermis

When evaluating a patient with multiple complaints the EMTs responsibility is to

Determine which complaint poses the greatest threat to the patient's life

When treating a patient who experienced a pulmonary blast injury, you should

During your assessment of a patient with a head injury, you note that he opens his eyes when you pinch his trapezius muscle, is mumbling, and has his arms curled in toward his chest. You should assign him a GCS score of:

Why might EMTs encounter a larger proportion of violent patients than the population at large?

EMTs respond to patients who, by definition, are having an emergency.

Causes of vaginal bleeding include which of the following? Select one

Ectopic pregnancy Vaginal trauma Spontaneous abortion

trauma emergencies

Emergencies that are the result of physical forces applied to the body; injuries

medical emergencies

Emergencies that require EMS attention because of illnesses or conditions not caused by an outside force.

A 12-year-old male jumped approximately 12 feet from a tree and landed on his feet. He complains of pain to his lower back. What injury mechanism is MOST likely responsible for his back pain?

Energy transmission to the spine

polyphagia

Excessive eating; in diabetes, the inability to use glucose properly can cause a sense of hunger.

polydipsia

Excessive thirst that persists for long periods, despite reasonable fluid intake; often the result of excessive urination

ventilation

Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT.

When you are assessing for a stroke, which of the following neurologic tests should be included in the assessment as a minimum?

Facial movement, arm movement, and speech

Activated charcol is frequently suspended in sorbitol, a complex sugar that;

Facilitates movement through the digestive system

Which of the following statements regarding fire ants is correct?

Fire ants often bite a person repeatedly.

Which organ or organ system has the greatest tolerance for lack of perfusion (shock)? Select one

Gastrointestinal system

Whcih of the following statements regarding glucose is correct?

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

Which of the following statements regarding glucose is correct? Select one: A. Glucose is given to patients who are suspected of being hyperglycemic. B. Glucose is usually administered by the EMT via the intravenous route. C. Glucose is a complex sugar that rapidly absorbs into the bloodstream. D. Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

Glucose is a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream.

A 30-year-old male experienced a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure, which stopped before you arrived at the scene. The patient is conscious, is answering your questions appropriately, and refuses EMS transport. Which of the following would be the MOST compelling reason to disagree with his refusal of transport?

He is currently not prescribed any medications

Which of the following is a term for vomited blood?

Hematemesis

Which of the following statements regarding hepatitis A is correct?

Hepatitis A can only be transmitted by a patient who has an acute infection.

During your assessment of a 50-year-old male who was found unresponsive in an alley, you note that he has slow, shallow respirations; bradycardia; facial cyanosis; and pinpoint pupils. As your partner begins assisting the patient's ventilations, he directs your attention to the patient's arms, which have multiple needle tracks on them. Which of the following would MOST likely explain the patient's presentation?

Heroin overdose

You receive a call for a domestic dispute. When you arrive at the scene, you find a young male standing on the front porch of his house. You notice that an adjacent window is broken. The patient has a large body, is clenching his fists, and is yelling obscenities at you. Which of the following findings is LEAST predictive of this patient's potential for violence?

His large body size

Which of the following would cause the greatest increase in cardiac output?

Increased heart rate and increased stroke volume

The medical term for an extremely low blood glucose level is

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following mimics a stroke and also causes a seizure?

Hypoglycemia

Which of the following is a metabolic cause for a seizure?

Hypoglycemia is a metabolic cause of seizures.

Causes of altered mental status

Hypoglycemia, Delirium, unrecognized head injury, sever alcohol intoxication, psychologic disorders and medication, infections (in brain), drug overdose, and/or poisoning

Which of the following conditions is NOT a common cause of seizures?

Hypotension

Which of the following signs or symptoms would you NOT expect to encounter in a patient with congestive heart failure?

Hypotension and flat jugular veins

Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to mimic the signs and symptoms of a stroke?

Hypovolemia

The primary stimulus that triggers a patient to breath is the carbon dioxide level in the arterial blood. Some patients who suffer from chronic carbon dioxide retention will utilize a secondary stimulus, or drive, to breath. What is this secondary stimulus known as?

Hypoxic drive

Which of the following medications would the EMT be LEAST likely to administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

Ibuprofen

In cases of sexual assault, it is important to ensure that you do which of the following? Select one

Immediately write down your observations of the scene before assessing the patient, Call for a female EMT or ALS care provider, and Discuss with law enforcement any suspicions that you may have about the perpetrator.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygenation and ventilation is correct?

In mines or confined places, where oxygen levels are low, ventilation may continue despite adequate oxygenation.

Which of the following statements regarding sickle cell disease is correct?

In sickle cell disease, the red blood cells are abnormally shaped and are less able to carry oxygen

Which of the following is a factor in peptic ulcer disease in older adults? A. Hyperactive immune system B. Decreased muscle mass C. Decreased bone mass D. Increased use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Increased use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

you are treating a patient with prescribed Xanax for his anxiety. What would anxiety be considered ?

Indication (why medication is prescribed)

diverticulitis

Inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls

cystitis

Inflammation of the bladder.

bronchiolitis

Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus.

cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbladder.

pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas.

peritonitis

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

Appendicitis

Inflammation or infection of the appendix.

What is the route of administration for the Epi Pen auto-injector?

Intramascular

A mucosal atomizer device is used to deliver certain medications via the;

Intranasal route

he fastest route of administration is ________.

Intravenous

Which of the following is the MOST rapidly acting medication administration route?

Intravenous (IV)

guarding

Involuntary muscle contractions (spasm) of the abdominal wall to minimize the pain of movement and protect the inflamed abdomen; a sign of peritonitis.

chronic bronchitis

Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke.

Which of the following questions would be the MOST pertinent to ask a patient who recently returned from Europe and is now ill?

Is anyone else in your travel party sick?

vasoocclusive crisis

Ischemia and pain caused by sickleshaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body.

Two main type of stroke

Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke

What happens when blood flow to a particular part of the brain is cut off by a blockage, resulting in tissue damage?

Ischemic stroke

Which of the following is an action of epinephrine on the human body?

It causes increased cardiac contractility.

Which of the following is NOT true of the lymphatic system?

It circulates oxygen, nutrients and hormones to the cells.

You come upon an unresponsive patient who is not injured and is breathing on her own with a normal rate and an adequate tidal volume. What would be the advantage of placing her in the recovery position?

It helps to maintain a clear airway.

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.

Which of the following statements regarding the H1N1 virus is correct?

It is only one type of influenza among the many other strains of influenza that exist and infect humans.

Which of the following statements regarding the first collision that occurs during a motor vehicle crash is correct?

It is the most dramatic part of the collision and may make extrication difficult

You are assessing a patient with respiratory distress and are unsure if the cause is congestive heart failure (CHF) or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which of the following clinical signs would be the MOST helpful in determining whether the patient has CHF or COPD?

Jugular vein distention

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness. She is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. Which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain?

Kidney

In which position should you restrain a physically uncooperative patient?

Lateral decubitus

Medications used most often to treat seizures include:

Levetiracetam (Keppra) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Phenobarbital Carbamazepine (Tegretol) Valproate (Depakote) Topiramate (Topamax) Clonazepam (Klonopin)

Which of the following medications would indicate that a patient has a history of seizures?

Levetiracetam (keppra)

Which of the following would MOST likely result in hemorrhagic shock?

Liver laceration

incontinence

Loss of bowel and/or bladder control; may be the result of a generalized seizure.

Which of the following is a contraindication for CPAP?

Low blood pressure

________ affect(s) the entire brain, often causing anxiety, restlessness, and confusion.

Low oxygen levels in the bloodstream will affect the entire brain, often causing anxiety, restlessness, and confusion.

Which of the following may help reduce your patient's nausea?

Low-flow oxygen

Which of the following statements regarding inhaled poisons is correct?

Lung damage may progress after the patient is removed from the environment.

Which of the following must be assessed in every respiratory patient?

Lung sounds

Your patient's symptoms include high fever, cough, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, and shortness of breath. Which of the following should you suspect?

MERS-CoV

Which of the following is bacterium resistant to most antibiotics and causes skin abscesses?

MRSA

Which of the following statements regarding methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is correct?

MRSA is a bacterium that causes infections and is resistant to most antibiotics.

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it;

May cause harm or have no positive effect

Which of the following is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

Medical direction approval

what is required for an EMT to administer a drug to a patient?

Medical direction approval

Which of the following statements regarding medical emergencies is correct?

Medical emergencies can appear to be traumatic in nature.

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of the problem?

Medical history

A patient who has just had a severe asthma episode is now very sleepy. This indicates that the patient?

Might stop breathing

A 60-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. He is conscious and alert, has pink and dry skin, and has respirations of 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. Which of the following treatments is MOST appropriate for this patient?

Oxygen via nonrebreathing mask and a focused secondary assessment

Assessment of the medical patient is usually focused on the _________.

NOI

Which of the following findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a patient who complains of a headache?

Neck stiffness or pain

What is the name of the condition when the patient forgets about the injured side after a stroke?

Neglect

Which of the following medications can an EMT administer to an unconscious diabetic patient?

None of these answers are correct.

bronchial breath sounds

Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi.

epidemic

Occurs when new cases of a disease in a human population substantially exceed the number expected based on recent experience.

A team of EMTs and paramedics are attempting to resuscitate a man who is in cardiac arrest while his wife and son are present. Which of the following should occur during the resuscitation attempt?

One EMT should update the family on the interventions that have been performed and how the patient has responded.

glucose

One of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism.

ventricle

One of two (right and left) lower chambers of the heart. The left chamber receives blood from the left atrium (upper chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta. The right chamber receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary artery.

atrium

One of two (right and left) upper chambers of the heart. The right receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it to the right ventricle. The left receives blood from pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle.

Which of the following statements regarding oxygen is correct?

Oxygen supports the combustion process and may cause a fire.

Which of the following organs lies in the retroperitoneal space?

Pancreas

ileus

Paralysis of the bowel, arising from any one of several causes; stops contractions that move material through the intestine.

what kind of medication (eternal or parental) absorbed faster?

Parenteral medications

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct?

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

Which of the following statements regarding parenteral medications is correct? Select one: A. Tylenol is an example of a parenteral medication because it is taken orally. B. Compared to enteral medications, parenteral medications have fewer side effects. C. Parenteral medications are absorbed by the body through the digestive system. D. Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications.

Parenteral medications are absorbed more quickly than enteral medications

Which of the following statements regarding breathing adequacy is correct?

Patients breathing shallowly may require assisted ventilation despite a normal respiratory rate.

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct?

Patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Which of the following patient populations typically require a modified drug dose? Select one: A. Females B. Pediatric patients C. Patients with asthma D. Middle adults

Pediatric patients

Patient complaints of pain during intercourse, lower abdominal discomfort, and nausea may be indicative of which of the following? Select one

Pelvic inflammatory disease

you are treating a child that has been vomiting for 2 days. which route should you administer anti nausea medicine ?

Per rectum

Which of the following terms applies to a state of delusion in which the patient is out of touch with reality?

Psychosis

Which of the following arteries does NOT carry highly oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary

A 66-year-old woman experienced a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She has a history of type 2 diabetes and deep vein thrombosis (DVT). On the basis of her medical history, which of the following should the EMT suspect?

Pulmonary embolism

For which of these conditions is supplemental oxygen mandatory?

Pulmonary embolism

Which of the following conditions would affect the "Q" portion of the V/Q ratio?

Pulmonary embolism

Which of the following blood vessels transports oxygenated blood?

Pulmonary veins

Which of the following statements regarding pulse oximetry is correct?

Pulse oximetry measures the percentage of hemoglobin that is saturated with oxygen, but does not measure the actual hemoglobin content of the blood.

hyperventilation

Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal; may lead to increased intrathoracic pressure, decreased venous return, and hypotension when associated with BVM use.

Which of the following interventions is the MOST critical to the outcome of a patient with multisystem trauma?

Rapid transport to a trauma center

A 74yr odl woman is experiencing heaviness in her chest, nausea, and sweating that suddenly began about an hour before your arrival. She is conscious and alert, but anxious. Her bp is 144/84 and her HR is 110. She took two nitro before your arrival but still feels heaviness in her chest. You should;

Recall that geriatric patients often have slower absorption and elimination times, which may necessitate modification of the dosage of certain medications

In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you specifically inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease?

Recent travel

Nitroglycerin, when administered to patients with cardiac-related chest pain;

Relaxes the walls of the coronary arteries

What is the principle function of the lungs?

Respiration

Which of the following conditions would MOST likely affect the entire brain?

Respiratory failure or cardiopulmonary arrest

positional asphyxia

Restriction of chest wall movements and/or airway obstruction; can rapidly lead to sudden death.

Which types of motor vehicle collisions present the greatest potential for multiple impacts?

Rotational and rollover

Which of the following statements regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is correct?

SARS is caused by a virus and usually starts with flulike symptoms that deteriorate to pneumonia and respiratory failure.

febrile seizures

Seizures that result from sudden high fevers; most often seen in children.

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body? Select one: A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure. B. The veins dilate to increase systemic perfusion. C. Arterial blood is diverted to the skin and muscles. D. Widespread vasodilation causes blood pressure to decrease.

Select one: A. The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

Advil, Nuprin, and Motrin are trade names for the generic medication: Select one: A. ibuprofen. B. acetaminophen. C. aspirin. D. nitrostat.

Select one: A. ibuprofen.

Which set of nerves is responsible for carrying information from the body to the central nervous system?

Sensory

symptomatic hypoglycemia

Severe hypoglycemia resulting in changes in mental status.

uremia

Severe kidney failure resulting in the buildup of waste products within the blood. Eventually brain functions will be impaired.

pleuritic chest pain

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.

dyspnea

Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.

Which of the following structures does NOT contain smooth muscle?

Skeletal system

Which position should a patient with epiglottitis be in?

Sniffing

Which of the following sounds are indicative of a partial upper airway obstruction, usually in the oropharynx?

Snoring

kidney stones

Solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract.

Which of the following helps filter the blood and has no digestive function?

Spleen

Which of the following is a solid organ? A. Spleen B. Gallbladder C. Intestine D. Bladder

Spleen

A 59-year-old male with a history of emphysema complains of an acute worsening of his dyspnea and pleuritic chest pain following a forceful cough. Your assessment reveals that he has a barrel-shaped chest, unilaterally diminished breath sounds, and tachycardia. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's condition?

Spontaneous pneumothorax

If a person is standing near a building that explodes, which of the following injuries would he or she MOST likely experience as a result of the pressure wave?

Stomach rupture

Which of the following sounds indicates swelling of the upper airway?

Stridor

Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital?

Stroke and heart attack

Which of the following conditions often requires transport to a hospital with specialized capabilities that may not be available at the closest hospital? A. Seizure and infection B. Cardiac arrest and shock C. Stroke and heart attack D. Diabetes and migraine

Stroke and heart attack

If your patient takes nitroglycerin for a heart condition, what routes of administration might he use?

Sublingual (under tounge)

Patients experiencing a sickle cell crisis should receive which of the following treatments to help improve perfusion?

Supplemental oxygen to hypersaturate the remaining hemoglobin

dependent edema

Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure.

Which of the following will assume control of involuntary functions during shock?

Sympathetic nervous system

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT: Select one

Systolic blood pressure

The EMT should ensure that vaginal bleeding is _________.

Taken seriously and the patient is transported for gynecologic evaluation

Most common types of headaches are:

Tension headache, migraines, and sinus headaches

You are treating a patient who is exhibiting slurred speech, facial droop, and an inability to move his left arm. Which neurologic examination emphasizes these possible stroke signs?

The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale looks at facial droop, arm lift, and speech.

Which of the following is an example of a rules-based medication error? Select one: A. The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director. B. The EMT administers the correct drug, but gives it by the wrong route. C. The EMT accidentally gives a higher drug dose than what is indicated. D. The EMT administers a drug that is contraindicated for the patient.

The EMT administers a drug that is not approved by the medical director

Which of the following is an advantage of MDI drug administration over SVN drug administration?

The MDI route does not require an external oxygen source.

Which of the following statements regarding the Salmonella bacterium is correct?

The Salmonella bacterium itself causes food poisoning.

automaticity

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system.

Which of the following might help the EMT differentiate between "normal" depression and mental illness?

The amount of time that the patient remains feeling "blue"

Which of the following statements regarding low-energy penetrating injuries is correct?

The area of injury is usually close to the path the object took through the body.

What happens when blood volume is lost from the body?

The arteries contract to increase the blood pressure.

posterior

The back surface of the body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position.

Hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding in the brain)

The blood from a ruptured blood vessel irritates the tissues of the brain and can cause increased intracranial pressure.

acidosis

The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness; a pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the blood and body tissues.

alkalosis

The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids.

perfusion

The circulation of oxygenated blood through body tissues and vessels; the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the current needs of the cells.

endocrine system

The complex message and control system that integrates many body functions, including the release of hormones; also regulates metabolism and maintains homeostasis.

Which of the following would MOST likely provide clues regarding the source of a patient's allergic reaction?

The environment in which the patient is found

nature of illness (NOI)

The general type of illness a patient is experiencing

Which of the following organs/body systems cannot tolerate lack of blood flow for more than a few minutes?

The heart and brain

Which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct?

The initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized.

lumen

The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure.

Which of the following statements regarding the kidneys is correct?

The kidneys eliminate toxic waste products from the body and control the body's fluid balance.

aorta

The main artery leaving the left side of the heart, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body.

peritoneum

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity (parietal peritoneum) and covering the abdominal organs (visceral peritoneum).

oxygenation

The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs; the process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream.

Which of the following statements regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correct?

The risk of HIV infection is greatest when deposited on a mucous membrane or directly into the bloodstream.

aortic valve

The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves.

Which of the following symptoms would lead the EMT to believe that a patient's headache is caused by sinus congestion?

The pain is worse when bending over

sympathetic nervous system

The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (also known as the "fight-or-flight" system).

autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

polyuria

The passage of an unusually large volume of urine in a given period; in diabetes, this can result from the wasting of glucose in the urine.

Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding? Select one

The patient takes rivaroxaban (Xeraltop)

postictal state

The period following a seizure that lasts 5 to 30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree of altered mental status.

respiration

The physiologic process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide, or, in the context of environmental emergencies, the loss of body heat as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled.

Which of the following statements regarding gunshot wounds is correct?

The speed of a bullet has the greatest impact on the injury produced.

Which of the following is true of infants and children?

They consume oxygen much faster than adults.

hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)

This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing this syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min.

Twelve pairs of ribs attach to which section of the spinal column?

Thoracic

Migraines

Thought to be caused by changes in blood-vessel size in the base of the brain; often associated with nausea and vomiting and may be preceded by visual warning signs such as flashing lights or partial vision loss.

Which of the following signs/symptoms are indicative of respiratory involvement of an allergic reaction?

Tightness in the chest or throat

Why is it most important to frequently reassess vital signs for a patient with possible shock?

To observe trends in the patient's condition

Tylenol is an example of what?

Trade name

Which of the following medication routes delivers a drug through the skin over an extended period of time, such as a nitroglycerin or nicotine patch;

Transcutaneous

angina pectoris

Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle; also called angina.

You are on the scene of an unresponsive patient struck by a vehicle. You have completed the primary assessment. What should you do next?

Transport the patient.

The driver of a sport utility vehicle lost control and struck a utility pole head-on. The driver was killed instantly. The passenger, a young female, is conscious and alert and has several small abrasions and lacerations to her left forearm. Treatment for the passenger should include

Transport to a trauma center.

Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?

Transport to an emergency department for evaluation

Which of the following filters, warms, and humidifies air during inhalation?

Upper airway

You are attending to a 32-year-old male patient. The patient's wife tells you that he returned from Afghanistan last year. While he initially seemed fine, lately he has become withdrawn and distanced himself from his family and friends. He does not talk about it, but she knows that he has been having terrible nightmares that wake him up. The most appropriate question to ask regarding his experience in Afghanistan is:

Were you shot at or under fire?

A patient who was bitten by a mosquito and presents with signs and symptoms of illness should be suspected of having:

West Nile virus.

Which of the following are examples of "dry" lung sounds?

Wheezes

Which of these answers is something you should NOT do when assessing breath sounds?

When listening to the patients back, the stethoscope head should be over the scapulas.

cardiac arrest

When the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow

Which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance?

Why was the substance ingested?

dilation

Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery.

Which of the following statements regarding positive-pressure ventilation is correct?

With positive-pressure ventilation, more volume is required to have the same effects as normal breathing.

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct

You may not have time to perform a secondary assessment if you must continually manage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment

Which of the following patients would MOST likely demonstrate typical signs of infection, such as a fever?

a 17-year-old male with anxiety

A ventilation/perfusion (V/Q ratio) mismatch occurs when:

a disruption in blood flow inhibits the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs, even though the alveoli are filled with fresh oxygen.

Most patients with an infectious disease will have _________.

a fever

A disorder in which the abnormal operation of an organ cannot be traced to an obvious change in the structure or physiology of the organ system is called ____________.

a functional disorder

When administering naloxone (Narcan) via the intranasal route, the EMT should administer:

a half dose into each nostril.

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing

a heart attack

A 75-year-old male with type 1 diabetes presents with chest pain and a general feeling of weakness. He tells you that he took his insulin today and ate a regular meal approximately 2 hours ago. You should treat this patient as though he is experiencing:

a heart attack

During your assessment of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear wheezing when listening to breath sounds. This indicates:

a lower airway obstruction.

An infectious disease is MOST accurately defined as:

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

Which of the following patients does not have signs of an altered mental status

a patient with an acute allergic reaction and dizziness

The mental health care system in the United States functions on several levels. For patients with clinical depression, care is most often provided by

a psychologist.

At the site of the injury, signs and symptoms of an animal or insect bite or sting may include pain, localized heat, and a wheal, which appears as __________.

a raised, well-defined area of the skin

Signs of adequate breathing in the adult include all of the following, EXCEPT:

a reduction in tidal volume.

When caring for a patient with documented hypoglycemia, you should be MOST alert for:

a seziure

If direct pressure fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

alerted mental status

any deviation from alert and oriented to person, place, time, and event, or deviation form a PT normal baseline mental status.

When performing a reassessment of your patient, you should first:

repeat the primary assessment

Based on current guidelines, in which of the following situations should supplemental oxygen be administered? a) Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95% b) Any elderly patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 95% c) Signs of myocardial infarction and an oxygen saturation of 97% d) Any diabetic patient whose oxygen saturation is less than 98%

a) Exposure to carbon monoxide and an oxygen saturation of 95%

Which of the following statements about the patient care report is correct? Select one: a. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report. b. EMTs are not liable for any actions that are accurately documented. c. Patient care cannot be discredited based on poor documentation. d. Incomplete reports are common and accepted in EMS.

a. It is difficult to prove actions were performed if they are not included on the report.

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur:

a. if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

A difference in pulse strength or blood pressure in each arm indicates possible _________.

abdominal aortic aneurysm

A patient with pelvic inflammatory disease will typically complain of _________. Select one

abdominal pain associated with menstruation

When auscultating the lungs of a patient with respiratory distress, you hear adventitious sounds. This means that the patient has:

abnormal breath sounds

Activated charcoal administration is contraindicated in patients who have ingested

acids or alkalis.

Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to cause an altered level of consciousness?

acute anxiety

The primary prehospital treatment for most medical emergencies:

addresses the patient's symptoms more than the actual disease process.

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag

A 51-year-old female presents with a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. She is conscious and alert and able to speak in complete sentences. Her respirations are 22 breaths/min and regular. You should:

administer 100% oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.

While assisting a paramedic in the attempted resuscitation of a 55-year-old male in cardiac arrest, you should expect the paramedic to: Select one: A. give the patient nitroglycerin to increase his blood pressure. B. withhold drug therapy until an intraosseous catheter is in place. C. give the patient activated charcoal to rule out a drug overdose. D. administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

administer drugs via the IV route to achieve the fastest effect.

A 59-year-old male presents with sudden-onset severe lower back pain. He is conscious and alert, but very restless and diaphoretic. Your assessment reveals a pulsating mass to the left of his umbilicus. You should:

administer oxygen and prepare for immediate transport.

A 19-year-old female was stung multiple times on the legs by fire ants. She states that she is allergic to fire ants, but does not carry her own epinephrine. The patient is conscious and alert and complains of pain to the area of the bites. Her blood pressure is 122/70 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats/min and strong, and her respirations are 18 breaths/min and unlabored. You should:

administer oxygen and transport her to the hospital

Your primary assessment of an elderly woman reveals that she is conscious and alert, but is experiencing difficulty breathing. She has a history of emphysema, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. As you assess the patient's circulatory status, you should direct your partner to:

administer oxygen with the appropriate device

The process of binding or sticking to a surface is called: Select one: A. digestion. B. suspension. C. adsorption. D. absorption.

adsorption

In the presence of oxygen, the mitochondria of the cells convert glucose into energy through a process called:

aerobic metabolism.

The determination of whether a medical patient is a high-priority or low-priority transport is typically made:

after the primary assessment has been completed.

Older patients with abdominal problems may not exhibit the same pain response as younger patients because of:

age-related deterioration of their sensory systems.

An elderly patient has fallen and hit her head. Your initial care should focus on:

airway, breathing, and circulation

Treatment and transport priorities at the scene of a mass-casualty incident should be determined after:

all the patients have been triaged

Your protocols state that during the first few minutes of working on a cardiac arrest patient, you should provide passive ventilation. This means that you will:

allow recoil of the chest between compressions to draw air into the lungs

The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the:

alveolar sacs.

bronchitis

an acute or chronica inflammation of the lungs that may damage lung tissues, associated with cough and production of septum and depending on the cause sometimes a fever

diphtheria

an infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx, can severely obstruct the passage of the air into larynx.

Widespread vasodilation, increased capillary permeability, and bronchoconstriction are the result of ___________.

anaphylactic shock

A 48-year-old male has a suspected open-book pelvic fracture. He is conscious but restless, and his skin is pale and diaphoretic. His respirations are 22 breaths/min and his pulse rate is 120 beats/min. There is no external bleeding noted. The EMT should

apply a compression device around his pelvis.

If applying a dressing to control the bleeding of a patient's arm, the EMT should ________. Select one

apply direct pressure first, use large or small gauze pads or dressings depending upon the size of the wound, cover the entire wound, above and below, with the dressing

You are assessing a young male who was stung on the leg by a scorpion. He is conscious and alert, his breathing is regular and unlabored, and his blood pressure is 122/64 mm Hg. Assessment of his leg reveals a wheal surrounded by an area of redness. He states that he had a "bad reaction" the last time he was stung by a scorpion, and carries his own epinephrine auto-injector. You should

apply oxygen as needed, clean the area with soap and water or a mild antiseptic, and transport him to the hospital.

You respond to a movie theater for a 70-year-old male who is confused. His wife tells you he has type 2 diabetes but refuses to take his pills. Your assessment reveals that the patient is diaphoretic, tachycardic, and tachypneic. Initial management for this patient should include

applying a nonrebreathing mask at 15 L/min.

When evaluating the mechanism of injury of a car-versus-pedestrian collision, you should first

approximate the speed of the vehicle that struck the pedestrian

The kidneys and pancreas are called retroperitoneal organs because they:

are located behind the abdominal cavity.

Components of the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale include:

arm drift, speech, and facial droop

You respond to the residence of a 55-year-old woman with a possible allergic reaction to peanuts that she ate approximately 30 minutes ago. The patient is conscious and alert, but has diffuse urticaria and the feeling that she has a lump in her throat. As your partner applies oxygen to the patient, you should

ask her if she has prescribed epinephrine.

A 58-year-old man complains of chest discomfort and nausea. He is conscious and alert; his blood pressure is 140/90 mm Hg, his pulse is 104 beats/min, and his respirations are 16 breaths/min. Your partner has applied supplemental oxygen. Prior to assisting the patient with one of his prescribed nitroglycerin tablets, you ask him if he takes medication to treat erectile dysfunction and he tells you that he does. You should:

ask him what he takes, how much, and when he last took it.

A 58-year-old male presents with confusion, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. His wife is present and is very upset. As your partner is applying oxygen, it is MOST important for you to:

ask his wife when she noticed the symptoms.

When assessing for arm drift of a patient with a suspected stroke, you should:

ask the patient to close his or her eyes during the assessment.

A young male sustained a gunshot wound to the abdomen during an altercation. As your partner is assessing and managing his airway, you should control the obvious bleeding and then

assess for an exit wound.

A 49-year-old male presents with an acute onset of crushing chest pain and diaphoresis. You should:

assess the adequacy of his respirations.

A 33-year-old female presents with lower abdominal quadrant pain. She is conscious and alert, but in moderate pain. While your partner is asking her questions about her medical history, you take her vital signs. When you assess her radial pulse, you are unable to locate it. You should:

assess the rate, regularity, and quality of her carotid pulse.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex for a young male with abdominal pain. Your priority upon arriving at the scene should be to:

assess the scene for potential hazards.

A 38-year-old woman was bitten by fire ants while at the park. Your primary assessment reveals that she is semiconscious; has labored breathing; and has a rapid, thready pulse. She has a red rash on her entire body and her face is swollen. You should

assist her ventilations with 100% oxygen.

During your assessment of a young female with nontraumatic vaginal bleeding, you note that her level of consciousness is decreased, her respirations are rapid and shallow, her skin is cool and moist, and her pulse is rapid and weak. You should

assist her ventilations with a BVM.

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should: Select one: A. administer up to three doses of nitroglycerin before assessing his blood pressure. B. administer the nitroglycerin unless he has taken Viagra within the past 72 hours. C. begin immediate transport and request a rendezvous with a paramedic unit. D. assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg

A 62-year-old male is seen with crushing chest pain, which he describes as being the same kind of pain that he had with a previous heart attack. He has prescribed nitroglycerin but states that he has not taken any. After administering supplemental oxygen if needed and contacting medical control, you should:

assist him with his nitroglycerin unless his systolic blood pressure is less than 100 mm Hg.

You and your partner are treating a 66-year-old man who experienced a sudden onset of respiratory distress. He is conscious but is unable to follow simple verbal commands. Further assessment reveals that his breathing is severely labored and his oxygen saturation is 80%. You should:

assist his ventilations with a bag-mask device.

A 31-year-old male with a history of diabetes had a seizure that stopped prior to EMS arrival. He is unresponsive and has rapid, shallow breathing. His pulse is rapid and weak and his skin is cyanotic. The EMT should

assist the patient's ventilations with a bag-valve mask.

Law enforcement has summoned you to a nightclub, where a 22-year-old female was found unconscious in an adjacent alley. Your primary assessment reveals that her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is rapid and weak. She is wearing a medical alert bracelet that identifies her as an epileptic. There is an empty bottle of vodka next to the patient. You should:

assist ventilations, perform a rapid exam, and prepare for immediate transport.

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include

assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

assisted ventilation and naloxone (Narcan).

A construction worker fell approximately 30 feet. He is semiconscious with rapid, shallow respirations. Further assessment reveals deformity to the thoracic region of his spine. His blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg, his pulse is 66 beats/min and weak, and his skin is warm and dry. In addition to spinal immobilization and rapid transport, the MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

assisted ventilation, thermal management, and elevation of the lower extremities.

A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT

at a distance when the patient is first seen.

A general impression of the patient is formed by an EMT:

at a distance when the patient is first seen.

Narrowing of the coronary arteries caused by a buildup of fatty deposits is called:

atherosclerosis.

Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unresponsive, you should:

attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient

Upon initial contact with a patient who appears to be unconscious, you should:

attempt to elicit a verbal response by talking to the patient.

The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve source is called:

automaticity

If your patient has no pulse, you should immediately __________.

begin chest compressions

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

external respiration

You and your partner arrive at the scene of a middle-aged man who collapsed about 5 minutes ago. He is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. Bystanders are present, but have not provided any care. You should:

begin high-quality CPR and apply the AED as soon as possible.

When assessing a patient with signs and symptoms of shock it is important to remember that a.the patient's respirations are deep during the early stages of shock b. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock c. multiple fractures are the most common cause of hypovolemic shock d. irreversible shock often responds well to prompt blood transfusion

b. blood pressure may be the last measurable factor to change in shock

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

be alert for personal hazards.

A 47 year old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours duration his abdomen is distended and guarded your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock

A 47-year-old male presents with severe abdominal pain of 3 hours' duration. His abdomen is distended and guarded. Your MOST important consideration for this patient should be to:

be alert for signs and symptoms of shock.

It is MOST important for the EMT to remember that suicidal patients may

be homicidal as well.

When you shine a light into one pupil, the normal reaction of the other pupil should be to:

become smaller

During an EMS call, you should take standard precautions:

before exiting the ambulance and before actual patient contact

You and your partner arrive at the side of a 60-year-old woman who collapsed about 7 minutes ago. She is unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available.

You and your partner are caring for a critically injured patient. Your partner is controlling severe bleeding from the patient's lower extremities as you attempt ventilations with a bag-mask device. After repositioning the mask several times, you are unable to effectively ventilate the patient. You should:

begin ventilations using the mouth-to-mask technique

An increase in heart rate and contractility occurs due to stimulation of:

beta-1 receptors.

Activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it:

binds to the substance and prevents absorption.

Injury to a solid organ causes ____________.

bleeding

Which of the following MOST accurately describes the cause of an ischemic stroke?

blockage of a cerebral artery

A medication with antagonistic properties is one that

blocks receptor sites and prevents other chemicals from attaching to them.

which of the following pupillary changes would indicate depressed brain function

both pupils dilate with introduction of a bright light

His parents tell you that their son has had a chest infection for the past two days and when they took him to their family doctor, they were told it was likely due to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). They have kept him well hydrated, but the infection seems to have gotten worse. On auscultation, you hear decreased air entry bilaterally with fine expiratory wheezes and the occasional coarse wet crackle. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

bronchiolitis

While assessing a young male who was struck in the chest with a steel pipe, you note that his pulse is rapid and irregular. You should be MOST suspicious for

bruising of the heart muscle

A construction worker complains of intense pain after a bag of dry powder was spilled on his arm. The EMT should

brush the chemical from his arm and then flush the skin with water.

Everyone exhibits some signs and symptoms of mental illness at some point in life ____________.

but that does not mean a person is mentally ill

Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia? a) Anxiety b) Restlessness c) Cyanosis d) Tachycardia

c) Cyanosis

"Chondro" in the word chondritis means:

cartilage

Complications associated with using a manually triggered ventilation device include a) inadequate ventilation and hypercarbia. b) reduced tidal volume delivery and hypoxia. c) lung tissue injury and gastric distention. d) inadequate oxygenation and tracheal injury.

c) lung tissue injury and gastric distention.

Which of the following statements regarding dialysis is correct a. acute hypertension is a common adverse effect of dialysis b. hemodialysis is effective but carries a high risk of peritonitis c. patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness d. the purpose of dialysis is to help the kidneys retain salt and water

c. patients who miss a dialysis treatment often present with weakness

which of the following statements regarding the acute abdomen is correct a. the most common cause of an acute abdomen is inflammation of the gallbladder and liver b. the parietal peritoneum is typically the first abdominal layer that becomes inflamed c. the initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized d. an acute abdomen almost always occurs as the result of blunt trauma to solid abdominal organs

c. the initial pain associated with an acute abdomen tends to be vague and poorly localized

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to __________. Select one: a. the state motor vehicle department b. your medical director c. the receiving nurse or doctor d. law enforcement personnel

c. the receiving nurse or doctor

A person's bones will become brittle if he or she is deficient in:

calcium.

The assessment of an immunologic emergency is critical because it will help the EMT determine whether the __________.

call is medical or traumatic in nature, or both

A 40-year-old male intentionally cut his wrist out of anger after losing his job. Law enforcement has secured the scene prior to your arrival. As you enter the residence and visualize the patient, you can see that he has a towel around his wrist and a moderate amount of blood has soaked through it. You should:

calmly identify yourself to the patient.

Medications encased in a gelatin shell that are taken by mouth are called: Select one: A. pills. B. caplets. C. capsules. D. tablets.

capsules

The primary waste product of aerobic metabolism is:

carbon dioxide

One of the primary waste products of normal cellular metabolism that must be removed from the body by the lungs is:

carbon dioxide.

General treatment for a woman with vaginal bleeding and shock following sexual assault includes all of the following, EXCEPT

carefully removing any foreign bodies from the vagina.

In addition to looking for severe bleeding, assessment of circulation in the conscious patient should involve:

checking the radial pulse and noting the color, temperature, and condition of his or her skin.

Respiratory arrest usually occurs before cardiac arrest in __________.

children

The EMT should assess for hypoglycemia in small children with a severe illness or injury because:

children cannot store excess glucose as effectively as adults

Your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty foods. You should suspect ____________.

cholecystitis

your patient complains of abdominal pain that occurs mostly at night or after eating fatty food you should suspect appendicitis cholecystitis a hernia kidney stones

cholecystitis

Capillary sphincters are:

circular muscular walls that regulate blood flow through the capillaries.

Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as the

circulation of blood within an organ in adequate amounts to meet the organ's metabolic needs.

Assessment of a patient with hypoglycemia will MOST likely reveal

combativeness.

You are attending to a 27-year-old male driver of a car. According to his passenger, the patient had been acting strangely while driving, then slumped forward against the steering wheel, apparently unconscious. The car drove off the road and struck a telephone pole. The patient remains unconscious, and physical assessment reveals only a large hematoma on his right forehead with no other physical signs. Your patient is a diabetic who had been under a lot of stress lately and may have missed meals. This is an example of a:

combination of a medical and trauma emergency.

EMTs should have a strong working knowledge of medical terminology in order to:

communicate effectively with other members of the health care team

strangulation

complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression/entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue

You are examining a patient whose signs include lip smacking, jerking of the left arm, and agitation. Based on these signs, what type of seizure is this patient experiencing?

complex partial seizure.

while en route to the scene of a shooting, the dispatcher advises you that the caller states that the perpetrator has fled the scene. You should

confirm this information with law enforcement personnel at the scene

A 19-year-old male complains of "not feeling right." His insulin and a syringe are on a nearby table. The patient says he thinks he took his insulin and cannot remember whether he ate. He is also unable to tell you the time or what day it is. The glucometer reads "error" after several attempts to assess his blood glucose level. You should

contact medical control and administer oral glucose.

A 3-year-old female ingested several leaves from a plant in the living room. The child's mother is not sure what type of plant it is, stating that she bought it simply because it was pretty. After completing your primary assessment of the child, you should

contact the regional poison control center.

You are attending to a 26-year-old suspected overdose patient who is unresponsive. As part of your care, you administer naloxone to reverse the effects of the suspected opioid overdose. Immediately after administering the drug you realize that while the dose and the route were correct, the patient condition did not warrant Naloxone as per your local protocols. Your most appropriate next step should be to:

continue to provide care for the patient and address any issues that the naloxone administration may have caused.

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

Classic signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include:

cool, clammy skin; weakness; tachycardia; and rapid respirations

To select the proper size oropharyngeal airway, you should measure from the:

corner of the mouth to the earlobe.

Patients with tuberculosis pose the greatest risk for transmitting the disease when they:

cough

The __________ cartilage is a firm ring that forms the inferior part of the larynx.

cricoid

The firm cartilaginous ring that forms the inferior portion of the larynx is called the:

cricoid cartilage.

the ability of the heart muscle to contract.

cyocardial contractility

While assisting with respirations, you note gastric distention. In order to prevent or alleviate the distention, you should: a) ensure that the patient's airway is appropriately positioned. b) ventilate the patient at the appropriate rate. c) ventilate the patient at the appropriate volume. d) All of these answers are correct.

d) All of these answers are correct.

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

When treating an 80 year old patient who is in shock it is important to remember that a. compensation from the respiratory system usually manifests with increased tidal volume b. the older patients; central nervous system usually reacts more briskly to compensate for shock c. medications older patients take for hypertension often cause and unusually fast heart rate d. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases risk for vominiting

d. changes in gastric motility may delay gastric emptying which increases risk for vominiting

A young female is unconscious after intentionally ingesting a large amount of aspirin. You will MOST likely find her respirations:

deep and rapid.

Which of the following would NOT cause a decrease in tidal volume?

deep respirations

During your assessment of a 70-year-old woman, she tells you that she takes blood-thinning medication and has to wear compression stockings around her legs. This information should make you suspect that she has

deep vein thrombosis.

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing

delirium tremens

A 49-year-old male presents with confusion, sweating, and visual hallucinations. The patient's wife tells you that he is a heavy drinker and she thinks he had a seizure shortly before your arrival. This patient is MOST likely experiencing:

delirium tremens.

After an advanced airway device has been inserted during two-rescuer CPR, you should:

deliver one rescue breath every 6 seconds.

In contrast to an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator (AICD), an external defibrillator vest:

delivers high-energy shocks, similar to an AED.

A chronic feeling of sadness or despair is defined as

depression.

A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing 100% oxygen, you should:

determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.

A 50 year old male is found unconscious in his car. There were no witnesses to the event. When gathering medical history information for this patient, the EMT should

determine if the patient has a medical alert bracelet or wallet card

A patient with an altered mental status; high blood glucose levels; and deep, rapid breathing may have a condition known as __________.

diabetic ketoacidosis

Signs of excited delirium include:

diaphoresis, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

Inhalation occurs when the:

diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause a decrease in intrathoracic pressure

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar membrane in the lungs through a process called:

diffusion.

A 29-year-old male complains of a severe headache and nausea that has gradually worsened over the past 12 hours. He is conscious, alert, and oriented and tells you that his physician diagnosed him with migraine headaches. He further tells you that he has taken numerous different medications, but none of them seem to help. His blood pressure is 132/74 mm Hg, his pulse is 110 beats/min and strong, and his respirations are 20 breaths/min. Treatment should include:

dimming the lights in the back of the ambulance and transporting without lights and siren.

At the scene of a sexual assault, the EMT should attempt to preserve evidence by _________.

discouraging the patient from removing clothes, using the bathroom, or showering

Pathophysiology is the study of the functional changes that occur when the body reacts to a particular:

disease.

Diabetes is MOST accurately defined as a(n)

disorder of glucose metabolism.

ventricular fibrillation

disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

When a driver is in a car equipped with an air bag, but is not wearing a seatbelt, he or she will MOST likely strike the __________ when the air bag deploys upon impact.

door

The amount of medication that is given is known as the _________. Select one: A. indication B. side effect C. contraindication D. dose

dose

Prior to attaching the AED to a cardiac arrest patient, the EMT should: Select one:

dry the chest if it is wet.

Gastric distention will MOST likely occur: Select one: a. when you deliver minimal tidal volume. b. c. in patients who are intubated. d. when the airway is completely obstructed. e. if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

e. if you ventilate a patient too quickly.

the presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

edema

The pulse oximeter is an assessment tool used to evaluate the

effectiveness of oxygenation

The anterior aspect of the cerebrum controls:

emotion

Insulin functions in the body by

enabling glucose to enter the cells.

A 37-year-old male has an apparent foreign body airway obstruction. He is conscious and alert and is coughing forcefully. His skin is pink, warm, and moist. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

encouraging him to cough and transporting.

During the primary assessment of a semiconscious 70-year-old female, you should:

ensure a patent airway and support ventilation as needed.

Prior to defibrillating a patient with an AED, it is MOST important that you:

ensure that no one is touching the patient.

The purpose of the pin-indexing system that has been established for compressed gas cylinders is to:

ensure that the correct regulator is used for the cylinder.

Proper procedure for administering oral glucose to a patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

ensuring the absence of a gag reflex

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT the:

epiglottis

The leaf-shaped structure located superior to the larynx is called the:

epiglottis.

You are attending to a 28-year-old female patient in severe respiratory distress. The patient has had a high fever all day, and the respiratory distress came on very quickly. Your patient is now sitting in a chair, leaning forward with her hands on her knees. She is making high-pitched sounds with each breath and does not seem to be moving very much air. Based on this information, your patient is likely suffering from:

epiglottitis.

A 40-year-old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic-clonic) seizure. The LEAST likely cause of this seizure is:

epilepsy

The two main types of cells contained in blood are called _________.

erythrocytes and leukocytes

Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?

esophagus

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

Typical chief complaints in patients with an infectious disease include:

fever, rash, nausea, and difficulty breathing.

A pleural effusion is MOST accurately defined as:

fluid accumulation outside the lung.

Peritonitis may result in shock because intra abdominal hemorrhage is typically present fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissue abdominal distention impairs cardiac contractions severe pain cause systemic dilation of the vasculature

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissue

Peritonitis may result in shock because:

fluid shifts from the bloodstream into body tissues.

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with non-traumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:

focus on his or her chief complaint.

When performing a secondary assessment on a conscious patient with nontraumatic abdominal pain and stable vital signs, you should:

focus on his or her chief complaint.

A 27-year-old male was stabbed in the chest during a disagreement at a poker game. As you approach him, you see that a knife is impaled in his chest. Before you make physical contact with the patient, it is MOST important to:

follow standard precautions.

The __________ of a medication usually dictates the route by which it will be administered.

form

Hemoglobin is

found within the red blood cells and is responsible for carrying oxygen.

Signs and symptoms of a hypertensive emergency would MOST likely be delayed in patients

have chronic hypertension.

In contrast to a Level III trauma center, a Level I trauma center must

have general surgeons that are in-house 24 hours a day

CPAP is indicated for patients who:

have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands.

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that

he has hemophilia A

During your assessment of a 19-year-old male, you are told that he is being treated with factor VIII. This indicates that:

he has hemophilia A

A by-product of involuntary muscle contraction and relaxation is:

heat.

After applying a tourniquet, the injury from a patient's leg stops bleeding. This is called:

hemostasis

As a woman approaches menopause

her menstrual periods may become irregular and vary in severity.

As a woman approaches menopause:

her menstrual periods may become irregular and vary in severity.

Chemicals that are responsible for the signs and symptoms of an allergic reaction to a bee sting include

histamines and leukotrienes.

When assessing a patient with a medical complaint, which of the following would MOST likely reveal the cause of his or her problem?

history taking

The body's attempt to maintain balance of all systems of the body is called ________.

homeostasis

Naloxone (Narcan) would reverse the effects of

hydromorphone (Dilaudid).

If ventilation is impaired, carbon dioxide levels in the bloodstream will increase. This condition is called:

hypercarbia.

You respond to a call for a female pedestrian who has been struck by a car. As your partner maintains manual stabilization of her head, you perform a primary assessment. She is unconscious, has ineffective breathing, and has bloody secretion in her mouth you should

immediately suction her oropharynx

When obtaining a 12-lead ECG, the patient should be:

in a supine position with legs uncrossed.

Without adequate oxygen, the body's cells:

incompletely convert glucose into energy, and lactic acid accumulates in the blood.

In a healthy individual, the brain stem stimulates breathing on the basis of:

increased carbon dioxide levels.

Of the four avenues of poisoning, generally ___________ is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider.

injection

A 78-year-old female presents with an acute change in her behavior. The patient's son tells you that his mother has type 2 diabetes and was diagnosed with Alzheimer disease 6 months ago. The patient's speech is slurred and she is not alert to her surroundings. You should

inquire about the possibility of head trauma.

Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when

insulin is not available in the body.

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.

When caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that:

internal bleeding may be profuse because prolonged alcohol use may impair the blood's ability to clot.

Following a blunt injury to the head, a 22-year-old female is confused and complains of a severe headache and nausea. On the basis of these signs and symptoms, you should be MOST concerned with the possibility of

intracranial bleeding

A 37-year-old female with a history of diabetes presents with excessive urination and weakness of 2 days' duration. Her blood glucose level reads 320 mg/dL. If this patient's condition is not promptly treated, she will MOST likely develop

irreversible renal failure

In contrast to inhalation, exhalation:

is a passive process caused by increased intrathoracic pressure.

Bleeding from the nose following head trauma

is a sign of a skull fracture and should not be stopped.

The diaphragm is unique because it:

is both a voluntary and an involuntary muscle.

In contrast to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes:

is caused by resistance to insulin at the cellular level

In contrast to the assessment of a trauma patient, assessment of a medical patient:

is focused on the nature of illness, the patient's chief complaint, and his or her symptoms.

A 28-year-old female patient is found to be responsive to verbal stimuli only. Her roommate states that she was recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and has had difficulty controlling her blood sugar level. She further tells you that the patient has been urinating excessively and has progressively worsened over the last 24 to 36 hours. On the basis of this patient's clinical presentation, you should suspect that she

is significantly hyperglycemic.

A patient should be placed in the recovery position when he or she:

is unresponsive, uninjured, and breathing adequately.

All of the following conditions should make you suspect shock, EXCEPT:

ischemic stroke.

The AED is MOST advantageous to the EMT because:

it delivers prompt defibrillation to patients with ventricular fibrillation.

What maneuver should be used to open the airway of an unresponsive patient with suspected trauma?

jaw-thrust maneuver

A young female presents with costovertebral angle tenderness she is conscious and alert with stable vital signs. which of the following organs is MOST likely causing her pain? liver kidney pancreas gallbladder

kidney

The __________ and _________ are folds of tissue that surround the urethral and vaginal openings.

labia majora; labia minora

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance for a 30-year-old man whom they pulled over for erratic driving. The patient became acutely violent while he was being questioned, which required one of the officers to subdue him with a Taser. When you arrive and assess the patient, you find that he is very agitated and is experiencing apparent hallucinations. His skin is flushed and diaphoretic. You should

limit physical contact with the patient as much as possible and avoid interrupting him if he is attempting to communicate with you.

When caring for a patient with an altered mental status and signs of circulatory compromise, you should:

limit your time at the scene to 10 minutes or less, if possible.

The physical examination of a sexual assault victim should be:

limited to a brief survey for life-threatening injuries.

In patients with deeply pigmented skin, changes in color may be apparent only in certain areas, such as the:

lips or oral mucosa

The __________ fills the entire anteroposterior depth of the right upper quadrant of the abdomen.

liver

An overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, will MOST likely cause:

liver failure.

You are dispatched to a residence where a middle-aged man was found unconscious in his front yard. There are no witnesses who can tell you what happened. You find him in a prone position; his eyes are closed and he is not moving. Your FIRST action should be to:

log roll him as a unit to a supine position.

The hypoxic drive—the primary stimulus to breathe for patients with certain chronic respiratory diseases—is influenced by:

low blood oxygen levels.

Which of the following many help reduce you patients nausea cricoid pressure positive pressure ventilation low flow o2 oral glucose

low flow o2

A 48-year-old male is found unconscious in the garden by his wife. When you arrive at the scene and assess the man, you find that he is unresponsive, has labored breathing, and has hives over his entire trunk. You should

maintain his airway and assist his ventilations.

The main function of the endocrine system is to _________.

maintain homeostasis

for which of the following patients is spinal immobilization clearly indicated?

man who was struck in the head and is now confused and has slurred speech

You and your EMT partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation and consider requesting an ALS unit

You and your partner arrive at the residence of a 50-year-old man who complains of weakness. Your primary assessment reveals that he is critically ill and will require aggressive treatment. The closest hospital is 25 miles away. You should:

manage all threats to airway, breathing, and circulation, and consider requesting a paramedic unit

A drug is contraindicated for a patient when it:

may cause harm or has no positive effect.

Your unit is dispatched to the county jail for an intoxicated inmate. Upon arrival, you find the patient, a 33-year-old male, lying supine in a jail cell. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has slow, shallow respirations. You should be MOST concerned that this patient

may vomit and aspirate.

When assessing the interior of a crashed motor vehicle for damage, you are gathering information regarding the

mechanism of injury

A patient who presents with a headache, fever, confusion, and red blotches on his or her skin should be suspected of having:

meningitis

If fertilization has not occurred in approximately 14 days postovulation

menstruation will begin.

The purpose of the endocrine system is to send ______________ throughout the body to control its function.

messages

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called:

metabolism.

If a patient's chest barely moves during inhalation, even if the patient's respiratory rate is normal, you should suspect that:

minute volume is decreased.

Patients with mental health disorders are often ____________.

misunderstood

After administering 0.3 mg of epinephrine via auto-injector to a 22-year-old woman with an allergic reaction, you note improvement in her breathing and dissipation of her hives. However, she is still anxious and tachycardic. You should:

monitor her closely but recall that anxiety and tachycardia are side effects of epinephrine

As the single EMT managing an apneic patient's airway, the preferred initial method of providing ventilations is the:

mouth-to-mask technique with a one-way valve.

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath.

Which of the following organs or tissues can survive the longest without oxygen?

muscle

Angina pectoris occurs when:

myocardial oxygen demand exceeds supply.

An acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when:

myocardial tissue dies secondary to an absence of oxygen.

Which of the following medications would the EMT LEAST likely administer to a patient with a medical complaint?

naloxone (Narcan)

While auscultating breath sounds of a patient who was stung multiple times by a yellow jacket, you hear bilateral wheezing over all lung fields. This indicates

narrowing of the bronchioles in the lungs.

While en route to a major motor vehicle crash, an on-scene police officer advises you that a 6-year-old male who was riding in the front seat is involved. He further states that the child was only wearing a lap belt and that the air bag deployed. On the basis of this information, you should be MOST suspicious that the child has experienced

neck and facial injuries.

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries

nerogenic shock

Atropine sulfate and pralidoxime chloride are antidotes for

nerve gas agents.

It is especially important to assess pulse, sensation, and movement in all extremities as well as pupillary reactions in patients with a suspected ___________ problem.

neurologic

You arrive at a grocery store shortly after a 35-year-old male stopped seizing. Your assessment reveals that he is confused and incontinent of urine. The patient's girlfriend tells you that he has a history of seizures and takes topiramate (Topamax). When obtaining further medical history from the girlfriend, it is MOST important to:

obtain a description of how the seizure developed

When preparing to obtain a 12-lead ECG, the "LL" and "RL" electrodes should be placed:

on the thighs or ankles.

When responding to a psychiatric emergency, it is recommended that the EMT obtain vital signs ____________.

only when doing so will not exacerbate the patient's distress

Many inhaled poisons can be identified _________.

only with difficulty as they are colorless, odorless, and tasteless

A man finds his 59-year-old wife unconscious on the couch. He states that she takes medications for type 2 diabetes. He further tells you that his wife has been ill recently and has not eaten for the past 24 hours. Your assessment reveals that the patient is unresponsive. You should:

open and maintain her airway and assess breathing

An injured patient is assigned a total score of 9 on the GCS. He is assigned a score of 2 for eye opening, a score of 3 for verbal response, and a score of 4 for motor response. Which of the following clinical findings is consistent with his GCS score?

opens eyes in response to pain, uses inappropriate words, withdraws from pain

The ___________ is made up of the maxilla and zygoma, as well as the frontal bone of the cranium.

orbit

The greatest danger in displaying a personal bias or labeling a patient who frequently calls EMS is:

overlooking a potentially serious medical condition.

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

oxycodone (Percocet).

The brain is most sensitive to changes in ________, _________, and ________levels

oxygen; glucose; temperature

In infant and small children, skin color should be based on the

palms and soles

When assessing a patient with abdominal pain, you should:

palpate the abdomen in a clockwise direction, beginning with the quadrant after the one the patient indicates is painful.

Which of the following organs lies in the retro-peritoneal space liver spleen pancreas gallbladder

pancreas

In 2009, the H1N1 virus accounted for over 200,000 deaths worldwide in the form of the swine flu. In 1919, a similar outbreak of the H1N1 occurred in the form of the Spanish flu. Starting in Kansas City, the virus spread rapidly worldwide, claiming up to 50 million lives. These are both examples of:

pandemics

generally, parenteral medications are more commonly used in the emergency setting as opposed to enteral medications. The characteristic that separates the two routes with respect to administration in the emergency setting is:

parenteral routes tend to be absorbed more quickly than enteral.

Your EMS team is performing CPR on a 60-year-old male in cardiac arrest. You connect the AED, push the analyze button, and receive a "no shock advised" message. You should:

perform CPR for 2 minutes and reassess.

the most effective way to determine whether your patient's problem is medical or traumatic in origin is to

perform a careful and thorough assessment

A 71-year-old male is semiconscious following a sudden, severe headache. There is vomitus on his face and his respirations are slow and shallow. The EMT must immediately:

perform oropharyngeal suctioning.

You are attending to a 24-year-old male asthmatic complaining of shortness of breath and wheezing. There are several bystanders in a crowded room. The patient tells you that he would have taken his own albuterol but he was so embarrassed and upset that he could not hold his MDI steady. In helping the patient to self administer his medication in accordance with local protocols, you are:

performing patient-assisted medication administration.

Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.

perfusion

the flow of blood through body tissues

perfusion

a collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium

pericardial effusion

during your assessment of a 6 month old male with vomiting and diarrhea, you note that his capillary refill time is approximately 4 seconds. From this info you should conclude that the infant's

peripheral circulation is decreased

Peritoneal dialysis carries a high risk of ____________.

peritonitis

The MOST common and significant complication associated with an acute abdomen is:

peritonitis

You are attending to a 5-year-old male patient who has had a cold and fever for the last two days. His parents became concerned when he started having coughing spells that would last for over a minute, during which he would turn blue. After the coughing attack, his parents reported that he seemed to be sucking the air back in. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

pertussis

The diaphragm is innervated by the _________ nerve, which allows it to contract.

phrenic

The two basic categories of diagnosis that a physician will use for behavioral crises or psychiatric emergencies are ____________.

physical and psychological

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should

place additional dressings over the wound

Excessive eating caused by cellular "hunger" is called:

polyphagia

Patients develop septic shock secondary to:

poor vessel function and severe volume loss.

You are assessing a 72-year-old man with abdominal pain. The patient is sitting in a chair; he is conscious, alert, and calm. As you are talking to the patient, your partner discreetly directs your attention to a handgun, which is located on a nearby table. You should:

position yourself in between the patient and the gun and ask your partner to request law enforcement assistance

In relation to the chest, the back is:

posterior

A 30-year-old male sustained a stab wound to the neck when he was attacked outside a nightclub. During your assessment, you should be MOST alert for

potential airway compromise

During a psychiatric emergency, the EMT should be able to ____________.

predict whether the patient will become violent

A 59-year-old male presents with severe vomiting and diarrhea of 3 days' duration. He is confused and diaphoretic, and his radial pulses are absent. His blood pressure is 78/50 mm Hg. After applying supplemental oxygen, you should:

prepare for immediate transport.

You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving high-flow oxygen via nonrebreathing mask. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should:

prepare the patient for immediate transport

You have just completed your primary assessment of a 48-year-old man with crushing chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient has been given 324 mg of aspirin and is receiving supplemental oxygen. As you begin your secondary assessment, you note that his mental status has deteriorated and he is now bradycardic. You should:

prepare the patient for immediate transport.

A 22-year-old male was kicked in the abdomen multiple times during an assault. He is conscious but restless and his pulse is rapid. Your assessment reveals a large area of bruising to the right upper quadrant of his abdomen. The MOST appropriate treatment for this patient includes

preparing for immediate transport.

An intoxicated 40-year-old male is found lying face down. How would you document his body's position?

prone

CPR will NOT be effective if the patient is:

prone

A 30-year-old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. Her skin is cool, pale, and clammy; her heart rate is 120 beats/min and weak; and her blood pressure is 70/50 mm Hg. Your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspiration.

a year old woman with a history of alcoholism presents with severe upper abdominal pain and is vomiting large amounts of bright red blood. her skin is cool pale and clammy her heart rate is 130 beats/min and weak and her bp is 70/50 mm hg your MOST immediate action should be to:

protect her airway from aspirations

The purpose of the human immune system is to ________.

protect the body from foreign substances and organisms

White blood cells, which are also called leukocytes, function by:

protecting the body from infection.

Law enforcement personnel request your assistance to assess a 31-year-old female who was sexually assaulted. When you arrive at the scene, you find the patient sitting on a curb outside her apartment. She is conscious, alert, and crying. When you ask her what happened, she tells you that she does not want to be treated or transported to the hospital. She further tells you that all she wants to do is clean up. You should:

provide emotional support and visually assess her for obvious trauma.

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital administer analgesic medications to alleviate pain encourage patient to remain in a supine position give 100% o2 only if signs of shock are present

An important aspect in the treatment of a patient with severe abdominal pain is to:

provide emotional support en route to the hospital.

A 29-year-old female presents with confusion and disorientation. Her respirations are rapid and shallow and her pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. She is markedly diaphoretic and has an oxygen saturation of 89%. You should

provide ventilatory support.

shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes syncope

psychogenic shock

Temporary, widespread vasodilation and syncope caused by a sudden nervous system reaction MOST accurately describes:

psychogenic shock.

a blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow

pulmonary embolism

Patients with thrombophilia are at an increased risk for

pulmonary embolism.

Your elderly patient recently had surgery. She now complains of a sudden onset of dyspnea and sharp chest pain. You should suspect ___________.

pulmonary embolus

the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

pulse pressure

During the primary assessment, circulation is evaluated by assessing

pulse quality, external bleeding, and skin condition.

When the speed of a motor vehicle doubles, the amount of kinetic energy

quadruples

Allergic reactions to injected medications may occur ___________ and may be quite severe.

quickly (within 30 minutes of the injection)

When an allergic reaction proceeds to life-threatening anaphylaxis, it will usually do so __________.

quickly, within 30 minutes

Which of the following actions would NOT be performed during the scene size-up?

rapidly assessing a patient's respiratory status

It is critical to closely monitor and reassess a victim of an immunologic emergency because the patient may __________.

rapidly deteriorate

crackles

rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; formerly called rales.

A 31-year-old female is experiencing an acute asthma attack. She is conscious and alert, but in obvious respiratory distress. After assisting her with her prescribed MDI, you should: Select one: A. administer another treatment in 30 seconds if she is still in distress. B. reassess the patient and document her response to the medication. C. check the drug's expiration date to ensure that it is still current. D. contact medical control and apprise him or her of what you did.

reassess the patient and document her response to the medication

In addition to obtaining a SAMPLE history and asking questions related to the chief complaint, what else should you inquire about when assessing a patient with a potentially infectious disease?

recent travel

You are caring for a 68-year-old man with sudden onset of left-sided paralysis and slurred speech. His airway is patent, his respirations are 14 breaths/min with adequate depth, and his oxygen saturation is 98%. Treatment for this patient should include:

recovery position and transport

A man with a prolonged history of alcohol abuse fell from a second-story balcony. His BP is 80/60 mm Hg, his heart rate is 120 beats/min, and his skin is cool and pale. When caring for this patient, the EMT should recall that

reduced blood clotting worsens internal bleeding.

You are ventilating a 40-year-old uninjured man who is apneic but has a pulse. When your partner reassesses his blood pressure, he notes that it has decreased significantly from previous readings. You elevate the patient's legs, but this action has no effect. You should:

reevaluate the rate and volume of your ventilations

pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body such as the back or shoulder is called

referred pain

Pain that may be perceived at a distant point on the surface of the body, such as the back or shoulder, is called:

referred pain.

You are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She has dentures, which are tight-fitting. Adequate chest rise is present with each ventilation, and the patient's oxygen saturation reads 96%. When you reassess the patency of her airway, you note that her dentures are now loose, although your ventilations are still producing adequate chest rise. You should:

remove her dentures, resume ventilations, and assess for adequate chest rise.

While providing CPAP to a patient in severe respiratory distress, you note that his heart rate has increased by 20 beats/min. He is conscious, but is no longer following verbal commands. You should:

remove the CPAP device and ventilate him with a bag-valve mask.

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should

repeat the primary assessment.

Reassessment of a patient with a medical complaint should begin by:

repeating the primary assessment.

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you must ensure that the:

reservoir bag is fully inflated.

Most AEDs are set up to adjust the voltage based on the impedance, which is the:

resistance of the body to the flow of electricity.

End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) monitoring is clearly indicated for patients who present with:

respiratory distress.

You are attending to a 6-year-old female patient. Her parents tell you that she has been sick for the last three days with the respiratory infection that has been going around her school. They became concerned when she stopped drinking fluids, and they could not get her to take in any liquids. The patient is showing signs of significant dehydration. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection.

A 38-year-old male with a history of schizophrenia is reported by neighbors to be screaming and throwing things in his house. You are familiar with the patient and have cared for him in the past for unrelated problems. Law enforcement officers escort you into the residence when you arrive. The patient tells you that he sees vampires and is attempting to ward them off by screaming and throwing things at them. He has several large lacerations to his forearms that are actively bleeding. The MOST appropriate way to manage this situation is to:

restrain the patient with appropriate force in order to treat his injuries.

Deoxygenated blood from the body returns to the:

right atrium.

You have inserted an oral airway and are ventilating an apneic woman with a bag-mask device. She suddenly begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit. You should:

roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway.

The ___________ portion of the spinal column is joined to the iliac bones of the pelvis.

sacrum

The recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes _________.

safely removing or diluting the poisonous substance

A 15-year-old female was struck by a small car while riding her bicycle. She was wearing a helmet and was thrown to the ground, striking her head. In addition to managing problems associated with airway, breathing, and circulation, it is MOST important for you to

stabilize her entire spine.

While eating dinner, your partner suddenly grabs his throat and has a panicked look on his face. He has a weak cough, faint inspiratory stridor, and cyanosis around the lips. You should:

stand behind him and administer abdominal thrusts.

You are attending to a 54-year-old male patient complaining of chest pain that appears to be cardiac in origin. As part of your management of the patient, you administer nitroglycerin as long as the patient meets defined conditions. This is an example of:

standing orders.

You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should

stay with the patient while you arrange for other transport options as a potentially life-threatening emergency exists.

You are attending to a 27-year-old patient with a history of depression. The patient's family tells you that she has been openly talking about harming herself and suicide, and they got scared when she tried to overdose on some medications. The patient did not take the pills and is alert and oriented. Despite all of your best efforts to convince her, the patient refuses to go to hospital for treatment. Based on this information, you should:

stay with the patient while you arrange for other transport options as a potentially life-threatening emergency exists.

When using a stick and square knot as a tourniquet to control severe bleeding from an amputated arm, the EMT should

stop twisting the stick when the bleeding stops.

Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sounds are characteristic of:

stridor.

Proper technique for suctioning the oropharynx of an adult patient includes:

suctioning while withdrawing the catheter from the oropharynx.

When caring for a patient experiencing excited delirium, the EMT should remember that:

sudden death can occur if the patient's violence is not controlled.

Which of the following clinical signs is MOST suggestive of a ruptured aneurysm?

sudden, severe headache

A 42-year-old male is found unresponsive on his couch by a neighbor. During your assessment, you find no signs of trauma and the patient's blood glucose level is 75 mg/dL. His blood pressure is 168/98 mm Hg, his heart rate is 45 beats/min and bounding, and his respirations are 8 breaths/min and irregular. The patient is wearing a medical alert bracelet that states he has hemophilia. You should

suspect that he has intracranial bleeding, assist his ventilations, and transport rapidly to an appropriate hospital.

Epinephrine stimulates the ________ response, increasing blood pressure and relieving bronchospasm.

sympathetic

a fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.

syncope

When caring for a patient who takes numerous medications, it is best to:

take all of the patient's medications with you to the hospital and document them on your patient care report.

Symptomatic hypoglycemia will MOST likely develop if a patient:

takes too much of his or her prescribed insulin

Which of the following statements regarding the mechanism of injury (MOI) is correct?

the MOI may allow you to predict the severity of a patient's injuries

Hypovolemic shock occurs when

the body cannot compensate for rapid fluid loss.

Internal injuries caused by gunshot wounds are difficult to predict because

the bullet may tumble or ricochet within the body.

Large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) are generated when:

the cells function with adequate oxygen.

When forming your general impression of a patient with a medical complaint, it is important to remember that:

the conditions of many medical patients may not appear serious at first

The main benefit of using a mechanical device for chest compressions is:

the elimination of rescuer fatigue that results from manual compressions.

A patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

the inability to understand and/or produce speech

A dissecting aortic aneurysm occurs when:

the inner layers of the aorta become separated.

When encountering a suspected bleeding emergency, the most pertinent finding during the SAMPLE history phase of assessment would be that ________.

the patient states that she takes blood-thinner medications

EMTs receive a call for a possible sexual assault. The patient is a young female who is conscious and alert and has no apparent injuries. She states, "I cannot remember anything, but I know I was raped." The EMTs should suspect that

the patient was given a drug prior to the incident.

Reassessment is performed to determine all of the following, EXCEPT:

the reason why the patient called EMS

The term "pericardiocentesis" means:

the removal of fluid from around the heart.

Return of spontaneous circulation

the return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in a cardiac arrest

Which of the following statements regarding the secondary assessment is correct?

the secondary assessment should focus on a certain area or region of the body as determined by the chief complaint

Factors that should be considered when assessing a patient who has fallen include all of the following, EXCEPT

the speed of the fall

The term "pharmacology" is MOST accurately defined as: Select one: A. the study of how medications affect the brain. B. the study of drugs that are produced illegally. C. the study of drugs and their actions on the body. D. the study of drug excretion from the human body.

the study of drugs and their actions on the body

What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

the tongue

The main advantage of the Venturi mask is:

the use of its fine adjustment capabilities in the long-term management of physiologically stable patients.

Passengers who are seated in the rear of a vehicle and are wearing only lap belts have a higher incidence of injuries to the _____________ spine during a rear-end crash.

thoracic and lumbar spine

Successful treatment of a stroke depends on whether:

thrombolytic therapy is given within 3 hours of symptoms beginning.

Abnormalities in metabolism are MOST likely to be caused by dysfunction of the:

thyroid gland.

You respond to a residence for a child who is having a seizure. Upon arrival at the scene, you enter the residence and find the mother holding her child, a 2-year-old male. The child is conscious and crying. According to the mother, the child had been running a high fever and then experienced a seizure that lasted approximately 3 minutes. You should:

transport the child to the hospital and reassure the mother en route.

If you uncertain how to treat a patient who has been poisoned or exposed to a specific substance, you should

try to find the container the substance was in.

You are attending to a 54-year-old female patient in a homeless shelter. The patient tells you that she had the flu a couple of weeks ago, and she has not gotten over it. She has been tired and keeps waking up at night, sweating. She has been coughing up green sputum occasionally and has been experiencing episodes of chest pain that get worse when she breathes. Based on this information, your patient is most likely suffering from:

tuberculosis

The goal of invaders such as bacteria and viruses is to __________.

use a human body as a home

If the victim of a toxicologic emergency vomits, an EMT should _________.

use appropriate personal protective equipment and examine the vomitus for pill fragments or other clues for patient care.

You are attending to a 3-year-old male patient who is presenting with severe shortness of breath. His parents report that he has had a cough and cold with a low grade fever for the past two days. They became worried today, as his level of distress has increased dramatically. On assessment, the patient is sitting upright and making high-pitched noises with each breath. Based on this information, the patient is most likely suffering from:

viral infection of the upper respiratory tract.

Skeletal muscle is also called:

voluntary muscle.

You respond to a local motel for a young female who was sexually assaulted. The patient is conscious but confused. She tells you that the last thing she remembers was drinking beer at a club with her friends the night before. When she awoke, she was in the bed of the motel room. You should suspect that this patient

was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol).

The nasal cannula is MOST appropriately used in the prehospital setting:

when the patient cannot tolerate a nonrebreathing mask

When you are obtaining medical history from the family of a suspected stroke patient, it is MOST important to determine:

when the patient last appeared normal.

when is it most appropriate to consider requesting additional ambulances at an accident scene

when you determine there are multiple patients

When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-valve mask, you should deliver each breath:

while watching for adequate chest rise.

Defibrillator pads are placed on the patient's chest:

with one pad to the right of the upper sternum and the other pad to the left lower chest below the armpit.

A nasopharyngeal airway is inserted:

with the bevel facing the septum if inserted into the right nare

During airway and breathing portions of the primary assessment of a victim of an immunologic emergency, the EMT should __________.

work quickly to assess the adequacy of the patient's ability to move air in and out of their lungs

"Tunnel vision" occurs when ___________.

you exclude certain possibilities for the patient's condition

"Tunnel vision" occurs when_________.

you exclude certain possibilities for the patients condition

Which of the following is correct about the secondary assessment for a high-priority patient? a. you may not have time to complete a secondary assessment b. the secondary assessment must be preformed prior to transport c. never contact medical direction before completing the secondary assessment d. never preform a secondary assessment on a high-priority patient

you may not have time to complete a secondary assessment

Ten days after treating a 34-year-old patient with tuberculosis, you are given a tuberculin skin test, which yields a positive result. This MOST likely indicates that:

you were exposed to another infected person prior to treating the 34-year-old patient.

Index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness

An index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as:

your awareness and concern for potentially serious underlying and unseen injuries or illness.

The index of suspicion is MOST accurately defined as

your concern for potentially serious underlying injuries.