Midterm Review (Only quizzes 1-6)

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest. The bowling ball and putty then move with a momentum of

1 kg m/s

On a balanced seesaw, a boy three times as heavy as his partner sits

1/3 the distance from the fulcrum.

A block pulled to the left with 15 N and to the right with 5 N at the same time experiences a net force of

10 N

The force of friction on a sliding object is 10 N. The applied force needed to maintain a constant velocity is

10 N

The support force on a 10-N book at rest on a table is

10 N

A 10-N block and a 1-N block lie on a horizontal frictionless table. To impart equal horizontal accelerations, we would have to push the heavier block with

10 times as much force

A bag of groceries that has a mass of 10 kilograms weighs about

100 N

When a baseball player bats a ball with a force of 1000 N, the reaction force that the ball exerts against the bat is

1000 N

The mass of a lamb that weights 110 N is about

11 kg

Jogging Jake runs at 4 m/s along a train flatcar that moves at 10 m/s in the same direction. Jake's speed relative to the ground is

14 m/s.

A tree stump is pulled northward by a 10-N force at the same time a 25-N force pulls it southward. The resultant force has a magnitude of

15 N

A ball starting from rest at the top of an inclined plane gains a speed of 2 m/s for each second it rolls. What is its acceleration down the incline?

2 m/s^2

When you walk at an average speed of 4 m/s, in 5 s you'll cover a distance of

20m

The speed of a 4-kg ball with a momentum of 12 kg m/s is

3 m/s

When a karate chop breaks a board with a 3000-N blow, the amount of force that acts on the hand is

3000 N

Ten seconds after starting from rest, a car is moving at 40 m/s. What is the car's acceleration?

4.0 m/s^2

The resultant of a 40-N force at right angles to a 30-N force is

50 N

Joshua is attracted toward Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward Joshua with a force of

500 N

What is the force of gravity on a 500-N woman standing on Earth's surface?

500 N

A mosquito flying at 3 m/s that encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the same direction has a speed of

6 m/s

Jogging Jake runs at 4 m/s along a train flatcar that moves at 10 m/s in the opposite direction. Jake's speed relative to the ground is

6 m/s

If a car increases its velocity from zero to 60 m/s in 10 seconds, its acceleration is

6 m/s^2

At one instant an object in free fall is moving downward at 50 m/s. One second later its speed is

60 m/s

The safest way to view an image of the Sun is to use

A pinhole

Which has zero acceleration? An object

All of the above (in mechanical equilibrium, at rest, moving at a constant velocity)

A vehicle undergoes acceleration when it

All of the above (loses speed, changes direction, gains speed)

A moving object has

All of these (velocity, momentum, speed, energy)

As a ball falls, the action force is the Earth's pull on the ball. The reaction force is the

Ball's pull on Earth

A very massive object A and a less massive object B move toward each other under the influence of gravity. Which force, if either, is greater?

Both forces are the same

Whether a truck comes to a stop by crashing into a haystack or a brick wall, the impulse is

Both the same

Which produces more force: driving into a very massive concrete wall with no "give," or having a head-on collision with an identical car moving toward you at the same speed?

Both the same

The bob of a simple pendulum has its maximum kinetic energy at the

Bottom of its swing

Toss a baseball bat into the air and it wobbles about its

Center of mass

The first scientist to be credited for postulating that Earth circled the Sun was

Copernicus

If all people, animals, trains and trucks all over the world began to walk or run towards the east (opposite the direction of Earth's spin), then

Earth would spin a bit slower.

A roller skate at rest may have

Energy

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying twice the force is

Four times as much

The first scientist to introduce the concept of inertia was

Galileo

A hockey puck sliding at constant velocity across the ice is

In equilibrium

If an object's mass is decreasing while a constant force is applied to the object, the acceleration

Increases

When a twirling ice skater brings her arms inward, her rotational speed

Increases

An object with twice as much mass as another object has twice as much

Inertia

For every action force, there must be a reaction force that

Is equal in magnitude

A rock is thrown vertically into the air. At the top of its path the net force on it is

Mg

A same-size iron ball and wooden ball are dropped simultaneously from a tower and reach the ground at the same time. The iron ball has a greater

Momentum

If an all-electric car has kinetic energy, then it also must have

Momentum

A golf ball is thrown at and bounces backward from a massive bowling ball that is initially at rest. After the collision, compared to the golf ball, the bowling ball has more

Momentum, but less kinetic energy

Which of these animals has a quicker stride?

Mouse

Horses with the greatest linear speed on a merry-go-round are located

Near the outside

While a car travels around a circular track at a constant speed, its

None of the above (inertia is zero, velocity is zero, acceleration is zero)

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

None of the above (mass, volume, area)

When a drawn bow of potential energy 40 J is fired, the arrow will ideally have a kinetic energy

Of 40 J

A car by itself is capable of a certain maximum acceleration. When it tows a car of the same mass, its maximum acceleration is

One half

If your mass, the mass of Earth, and the mass of everything in the solar system were twice as much as it is now, yet everything stayed the same size, your weight on Earth would

Quadruple

The accelerations possible for a ball on an inclined plane

Range from zero to g

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal component of the initial velocity

Remains constant

When wind encounters a wind turbine that produces energy, wind speed on the downside of the blades is

Slowed

The main reason a person weighs less at the equator than at the poles involves the

Spin of the Earth

A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at

The bottom

A light woman and a heavy man jump from an airplane at the same time and open their same-size parachutes at the same time. Which person will get to the ground first?

The heavy man

An automobile and a golf cart traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The impact force is

The same for both

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but has twice as much mass, its momentum is

Twice

Relative to an initial height, an object raised twice as high has a gravitational potential energy

Twice as much

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart a given distance while applying twice as much force is

Twice as much

The work you do when pushing a shopping cart twice as far while applying the same force is

Twice as much

A Mack truck and a Volkswagen traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The vehicle that undergoes the greatest change in velocity will be the

Volkswagen

Inside a freely-falling elevator, you would have no

Weight

If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in

a straight-line path.

A theory in the field of science is

a synthesis of a large body of well-tested knowledge

A package falls off a truck that is moving at 30 m/s. Neglecting air resistance, the horizontal speed of the package just before it hits the ground is

about 30 m/s

Recall Galileo's Leaning Tower experiment. With negligible air resistance, a heavy and a light object fall

all of the above (with equal accelerations, to the ground in equal times, with the same increases in speed)

Which of the following involves passion, talent, and intelligence?

all of the above( music, science, art, literature)

Science, art, and religion normally need not contradict one another because

all three involve different domains.

Action and reaction pairs of forces

always act simultaneously

A karate chop is more effective if one's hand

bounces upon impact

Which of the following is a scientific statement?

candy Bon Bons contain no sugar

The center of mass of a human body is located at a point that

changes as a person bends over

The bob of a conical pendulum swings in a

circular path

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are

distance and time.

The force that propels a cannonball when fired from a cannon is

equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon

If less horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object

eventually slides to a stop.

When a rocket forces exhaust gases downward, the exhaust gases

exert an upward force on the rocket.

Science later greatly advanced when Galileo favored

experiment over philosophical discussions

Pseudoscience is best characterized as being

fake

Whirl a rock at the end of a string and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the tendency of the rock is to

follow a straight-line path

A player hits a ball with a bat. If action is the force of the bat against the ball, reaction is the

force that the ball exerts on the bat.

Science and technology are

fundamentally different from each other

When a dishonest scientist reports false information, he or she

gets no second chance in the scientific community

Two vehicles with equal magnitudes of momentum traveling at right angles to each other undergo an inelastic collision. The magnitude of momentum for the combined wreck is

greater than the magnitude of momentum of either car before collision.

An educated scientific guess is a

hypothesis

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because passengers hitting the dashboard encounter

lengthened time of contact.

A fan attached to an ice sailcraft stalled on a windless day blows air into the sail that bounces backward upon impact. The boat

moves in the direction of the wind impact force

The amount of gravitational force that acts on a space vehicle while in Earth orbit is

nearly as much as the vehicle's weight on Earth's surface

The most basic of the sciences of physics, chemistry, and biology is

physics

Compared with falling on a stone floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpeted floor because the

stopping time is longer on the carpet

Planets wobble in their orbits due to

the gravitational attraction to other planets.

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth and another rock weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which rock has the greater mass?

the one on the Moon

A karate expert executes a swift blow and breaks a cement block with her bare hand. The magnitude of the force on her hand is

the same as the force applied to the block.

Your weight is the force

you exert against a supporting surface.