midterm-superficial

a.venous system

In the breast, the lymph vessels generally course parallel with the: a.venous system b.lactiferous ducts c.Cooper ligaments d.terminal ductal lobular units

All of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma except: a. Bradycardia b. Uncontrollable hypertension c. Excessive sweating d. Tremors

a. Bradycardia

Tendons sonographically appear as: a. Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscles to bone b. Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting bone to bone c. Hypoechoic, linear arrangements within hyperechoic tissue d. Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

a. Echogenic, fibrous structures connecting muscle to bone

Which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream? a. Endocrine glands b. Exocrine glands

a. Endocrine

Hyperemic flow within or around a structure is often indicative of: a. Malignancy b. Benignancy c. Inflammation d. Rupture

c. Inflammation

b.10:00 3C

A mass is identified in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast, near the axilla and chest wall. This mass should be annotated as: a.2:00 1A b.10:00 3C c.2:00 2B d.10:00 1C

c.foreign body

A patient complains of pain in the forearm following a hiking trip. A soft tissue image over the area of discomfort demonstrates a hyperechoic linear structure outlined by the calibers. This is most suspicious for a: a.lipoma b.ligament c.foreign body d.fascial plane

c. Cooper ligaments

Which of the following structures provides support to the breast parenchyma? a. deep fascia b. pectoralis muscles c. Cooper ligaments d. superficial fascia

c. anisotropy

Which of the following artifacts is likely to occur when the ultrasound beam is not perpendicular with a fibrillar tendon? a. duplication b. refraction c. anisotropy d. shadowing

d. cystosarcoma phyllodes

Which of the following benign breast neoplasms may undergo malignant transformation? a. fibroadenoma b. complex cyst c. hamartoma d. cystosarcoma phyllodes

The adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called: a. Glisson capsule b. Adrenalocortical fascia c. Gerota fascia d. Glisson fascia

c. Gerota fascia

Sonographically, normal muscle appears as: a. Hyperechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands b. Complex tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands c. Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands d. Echogenic tissue that contains linear, hypoechoic strands

c. Hypoechoic tissue that contains linear, echogenic strands

Which of the following is produced by the adrenal medulla? a. Cortisol b. Aldosterone c. Norepinephrine d. Androgens

c. Norepinephrine

The adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable hypertension, tachycardia, and tremors is the: a. Neuroblastoma b. Adrenal hematoma c. Oncocytoma d. Pheochromocytoma

d. Pheochromocytoma

A 45 year-old obese woman with thin arms and legs, hypertension, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal sonogram. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of: a. Primary adrenal carcinoma b. Adrenal hemorrhage c. Adrenal adenoma d. Both a and c

d. Primary adrenal carcinoma and Adrenal adenoma

Acoustic shadowing caused by bending of a sound beam at the edge of a curved reflector is referred to as: a. Mirror image artifact b. Indirect artifact c. Reflective shadowing d. Refractive shadowing

d. Refractive shadowing

A standoff pad is most useful in imaging: a. Deep structures that produce acoustic enhancement b. Deep structures that produce acoustic shadowing c. Structures that produce refractive shadowing d. Superficial structures

d. Superficial structures

The right suprarenal vein drains directly into the: a. Inferior vena cava b. Abdominal aorta c. Celiac trunk d. Left renal vein

a. Inferior vena cava

Clinical findings of tendonitis include all of the following except: a. Itching in the area of the tendon b. Pain c. Edema d. The area is warm to the touch

a. Itching in the area of the tendon

All of the following are keys to identifying foreign bodies with sonography except: a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic b. A linear-array transducer should be used c. Most foreign bodies are better visualized using a standoff pad d. Comet-tail artifact may be seen posterior to metallic objects

a. Most foreign bodies appear hypoechoic

A complicated Baker cyst may contain a thin flap of tissue referred to as: a. Pannus b. Plicae c. Septation d. Lipoma

a. Pannus

To better evaluate the Achilles tendon, the patient should be placed in what position? a. Prone b. Supine c. Right lateral decubitus d. Left lateral decubitus

a. Prone

c. hernia

A defect in the muscles of the abdominal wall is most likely related to a: a. cyst b. polyp c. hernia d. diverticulum

d.hypoechoic mass

A lipoma located in the anterior abdominal wall most commonly appears on ultrasound as a: a.anechoic mass b.complex mass c.hyperechoic mass d.hypoechoic mass

c.invasive ductal carcinoma

A patient is referred for an ultrasound to evaluate a mass identified on a recent mammogram. A radial image of the right breast demonstrates an abnormality most suspicious for: a.cystosarcoma phyllodes b.papillary carcinoma c.invasive ductal carcinoma d.metastatic breast disease

c.hernia

A patient presents to the ultrasound department with a palpable umbilical mass. The finding in this sonogram is most consistent for a(n): a.abscess b.hematoma c.hernia d.urachal sinus

Tendinitis is seen more often in the shoulder, wrist, and ______. A) elbow B) knee C) hip D) fingers

A) elbow

Acute rotator cuff tear may be caused by all of the following except: A) years of playing tennis B) biceps tendon rupture C) falls D) shoulder dislocation

A) years of playing tennis

In the case of a cancerous mammographic mass, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show which one of the following features? a. Irregular margin and taller than wide b. Anechoic c. Irregular margin and wider than tall d. Posterior acoustic enhancement

A: Irregular margin and taller than wide Sonographic characteristics of a malignant mass include indistinct walls, taller-than-wide, hypoechoic, rigid, and strongly attenuating structure.

c.rectus sheath hematoma

An afebrile older patient hospitalized with pneumonia presents with a palpable abdominal wall mass. A mass is identified adjacent to the urinary bladder. This finding is most suspicious for a(n): a.urachal sinus b.umbilical hernia c.rectus sheath hematoma d.abdominal wall abscess

b.synovial cyst

An older patient presents with a history of acute ankle swelling. A sonogram is ordered to rule out deep vein thrombosis. A nonvascular anechoic structure is identified in the popliteal fossa. Based on these sonographic findings, the anechoic structure is most suspicious for a: a.torn ligament b.synovial cyst c.joint effusion d.thrombosed superficial vein

Th easiest tendon to image in the adult shoulder is the? A) supraspinatus B) biceps C) infrasoinarus D) supcapsularis

B) biceps

A complete tear of a muscle with a straightforward appearance of a retracted hyperechoic muscle surrounded by a hematoma is known as the ______ sign. A) McBurney's B) clapper-in-the-bell C) gastrocnemius D) sandwich

B) clapper-in-the-bell

Which one of the following types of tendinitis causes pain over the lateral wrist? A) tenosynovitis B) de Quervain tendinitis C) synovial tendinitis D) carpal tunnel syndrome

B) de Quervain tendinitis

The posterior glenoid labrum is a good landmark to help locate with on the following structures? A) biceps tendon B) infraspinatus tendon C) supraspinatus tendon D) deltoid muscle

B) infraspinatus tendon

Important artifacts in musculoskeletal ultrasound include all of the following except: A) reverberation B) refractile shadowing C) mirror image D) anisotropy

C) mirror image

A hypoechoic halo around a tendon represents which one of the following? A) partial tear B) tendonitis C) normal synovial sheath D) abnormal synovial sheath

C) normal synovial sheath

c.rectus abdominis

Which of the following muscles extends the entire length of the anterior abdominal wall? a.linea alba b.external oblique c.rectus abdominis d.internal oblique

d. Cooper ligaments

Which of the following structures is considered the "skeletal" framework in the breast? a. acini b. deep fascia c. superficial fascia d. Cooper ligaments

Clinical findings of a Baker cyst may mimic those of a/an: a. Arteriovenous malformation b. Deep venous thrombosis c. Knee fracture d. Ganglion cyst

b. Deep venous thrombosis

A localized collection of blood describes a: a. Hemangioma b. Hematoma c. Hypertoma d. Hydrocele

b. Hematoma

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of fat? a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Hamartoma d. Oncocytoma

b. Lipoma

Fluid within the synovial sheath is indicative of: a. Hyperemic flow b. Tendosynovitis c. Cartilaginous inflammation d. Cartilaginous extension

b. Tendosynovitis

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus b. The adrenal glands are exocrine glands c. The adrenal glands are compromised of a medulla and cortex d. The adrenal glands may also be referred to as suprarenal glands

b. The adrenal glands are exocrine glands

When compared with muscle, a normal nerve is ______. A) hyperechoic B) isoechoic C) hypoechoic D) unable to be visualized on ultrasound

A) hyperechoic

The most common solid benign tumor of the breast is which one of the following? a. Fibrocystic disease b. Fibroadenoma c. Papilloma d. Lipoma

B: Fibroadenoma The fibroadenoma is the most common solid benign tumor of the breast. It occurs primarily in young women.

The most sonographic characteristic of a fibroadenoma is which one of the following? a. Poorly defined border b. Uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes c. Increased through transmission d. Disruption of architecture

B: Uniform, low-level homogeneous echoes Sonographic characteristics of a fibroadenoma include smooth, rounded margins and low-level homogeneous echoes. In addition, sonography may demonstrate immediate posterior acoustic enhancement.

Which one of the following form(s) a fibrous "skeleton" that is responsible for maintaining the shape of the breast? a. Acini b. Cooper's ligaments c. Pectoralis major muscle d. Glandular layer of the breast

B:Cooper's ligaments Cooper's ligaments are the connective tissue septa in the breast that form a fibrous "skeleton" that is responsible for maintaining the shape and structure of the breast.

A condition of the male breast in which the ducta l elements hypertrophy is called ______________. a. Mastitis b. Galactocele c. Gynecomastia d. Paget's disease

C:Gynecomastia Gynecomastia is a condition in which the ductal elements hypertrophy

The most common clinical sign of breast carcinoma is which one of the following? a. Skin dimpling b. Skin discoloration c. Palpable lump d. Pain

C:Palpable lump A palpable lump is the most common clinical symptom of breast cancer.

b. 1.0 cm

When imaging the breast parenchyma, the thickness of the standoff pad should not exceed: a. 0.5 cm b. 1.0 cm c. 2.0 cm d. 2.5 cm

The functional portion of the breast consists of _________ lobes.

15 to 20

A normal extension of breast tissue into the \axillary region is called ______________. a. Lobar neoplasm b. Tail of Spence c. Peau d'orange d. Terminal ductal lobular unit

B:Tail of Spence A normal extension of breast tissue into the axillary region is called the tail of Spence.

d. terminal ductal lobular unit

Breast pathology most commonly originates in which of the following structures? a. breast lobule b. lactiferous duct c. connective breast tissue d. terminal ductal lobular unit

The tendon responsible for dorsal and plantar flexibility of the foot is the ______ tendon. A) biceps B) patellar C) Achilles D) semimembraneous

C) Achilles

Sonographic appearance of the normal muscle appears? A) hyperechoic B) complex C) homogeneous D) heterogeneous

C) homogeneous

The Achilles' tendon is at increased risk for injury because of _____. A) it's vulnerable location B) no surrounding muscle C) its limited blood supply D) it's large size

C) its limited blood supply

According to the American Cancer Society, all women should begin annual screening mammography and screening breast ultrasound at the age of _____ years. a. 20 b. 30 c. 40 d. 50

C: 40 Screening mammograms should be performed annually starting at 40 years of age.

Cooper's ligaments are best characterized as which one of the following? a. Low reflectivity in the retromammary layer b. High reflectivity in the retromammary layer c. Echogenic line interfaces in the subcutaneous layer d. Homogeneous reflections in the parenchyma

C: Echogenic line interfaces in the subcutaneous layer Cooper's ligaments appear echogenic and are dispersed in a linear pattern.

The retromammary layer is sonographically imaged as which one of the following? a. Hyperechoic b. Dense c. Hypoechoic d. High reflectivity

C: Hypoechoic The retromammary layer appears hypoechoic, similar to the subcutaneous layer.

Which one of the following arteries is responsible for supplying blood to more than one half of the breast? a. Intercostal b. Thoracodorsal c. Internal mammary d. Lateral thoracic

C: Internal mammary More than one half of the breastâ€"mainly the central and medial portionsâ€"is supplied by the anterior perforating branches of the internal mammary artery.

c. amastia

Complete absence of one or both breasts is termed: a. amazia b. athelia c. amastia d. amyelia

c. fibrocystic disease

Painful breast(s) 1 week before the onset of menstruation is a common symptom in which of the following conditions? a. mastitis b. gynecomastia c. fibrocystic disease d. inflammatory carcinoma

b.fibroadenoma

A 25-year-old woman presents with a firm, nontender, palpable breast mass. An antiradial image of the right breast demonstrates a hypoechoic mass. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for a: a.lymph node b.fibroadenoma c.galactocele d.fat lobule

c.ganglion cyst

A 35-year-old woman presents with a history of a painful lump on her left wrist. Based on this clinical history, the sonogram is most likely demonstrating a: a.Baker's cyst b.joint effusion c.ganglion cyst d.radial artery aneurysm

a.simple cyst

A 45-year-old woman presents with a firm, nontender, palpable breast mass. The finding in this sonogram is most consistent with a: a.simple cyst b.fibroadenoma c.cystadenoma d.cystosarcoma phyllodes

d. invasive ductal carcinoma

A common malignancy of the breast demonstrating posterior acoustic shadowing describes which of the following neoplasms? a. lobular carcinoma b. colloid carcinoma c. medullary carcinoma d. invasive ductal carcinoma

The midportion of the right medial and left lateral breast would be annotated as which one of the following? a. 3:00 b. 6:00 c. 9:00 d. 12:00

A: 3:00 The midportion of the right medial and left lateral breast would be annotated as 3:00.

The proximal portion of the muscle is considered the ______. A) insertion B) anastomosis C) origin D) bifurcation

C) origin

The primary purpose of breast screening examinations is to: a. Evaluate the retromammary region. b. Provide a baseline study for fibrocystic disease. c. Provide for early detection of breast carcinoma. d. Evaluate dense breast parenchyma.

C: Provide for early detection of breast carcinoma. The primary purpose of breast screening examinations is the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer at its earliest and most curable stage.

Characteristic findings of breast carcinoma include all of the following except: a. Attenuation of sound b. Irregular margins c. Strong posterior margin d. Inhomogeneous low-level internal echo pattern with calcifications

C: Strong posterior margin Characteristics of breast cancer include irregular margins; a taller-than-wide mass; and strongly attenuating, rigid, noncompressible, and disrupted architecture.

The most common site of an Achilles tear is? A) proximal B) medial C) lateral D) distal

D) distal

Support and strength of a joint result, in part, from which one of the following structures? A) muscle B) bursa C) cartilage D) ligament

D) ligament

The characteristic findings of a papilloma of the breast include all of the following except: a. Well-circumscribed solid mass with microcalcifications b. Sonolucent cystic lesions with a medium-level encapsulated component c. Single or multiple d. No disruption of architecture

D: No disruption of architecture Small proliferations of duct epithelium project outward into a dilated duct.

a. tendon

Muscle attaches to bone by which of the following structures? a. tendon b. fibril c. ligament d. synovial membrane

b.peritoneum

The fascial interface of the anterior abdominal wall is located directly anterior to the: a.linea alba b.peritoneum c.subcutaneous fat d.rectus abdominis muscles

c.a Cooper ligament

The hyperechoic linear structure identified by the arrow is most consistent with: a.the deep fascia b.the superficial fascia c.a Cooper ligament d.a lactiferous duct

b.linea alba

The location of the rectus abdominis muscles is described as lateral to the: a.iliac crests b.linea alba c.external oblique muscles d.internal oblique muscles

a.simple cyst

The most common benign breast lesion in women between the ages of 35 and 50 is a: a. simple cyst b. papilloma c. fibroadenoma d. cystadenoma

d. polythelia

The most common congenital breast anomaly is: a. amastia b. amazia c. athelia d. polythelia

a.areola

The sinus of a lactiferous duct is located near the: a.areola b.axilla c.chest wall d.tail of Spence

c.7 mm

The thickness of a normal Achilles tendon should not exceed: a.3 mm b.5 mm c.7 mm d.10 mm

a. acini

Which of the following is the smallest functional unit in the breast parenchyma? a. acini b. lobule c. terminal duct d. terminal ductal lobular unit

d. shoulder

Which of the following joints has the largest range of motion? a. hip b. wrist c. knee d. shoulder

b. posterior to the internal oblique muscle

Which of the following most accurately describes the location of the transversus abdominis muscle? a. medial to the external oblique muscle b. posterior to the internal oblique muscle c. lateral to the internal oblique muscle d. anterior to the external oblique muscle

a.septic hip

A toddler with a recent upper respiratory infection presents with a history of limping. Asymmetric hip joints are identified on ultrasound. On the basis of the clinical history, the sonographic finding is most suspicious for which of the following conditions? a.septic hip b.hip dislocation c.joint effusion d.synovial cyst formation

Patients with carpal tunnel syndrome typically have a positive _______ sign. A) Phalen's B) Homen C) Thompson D) Murphy

A) Phalen's

The largest tendon of the body is the? A) biceps B) Achilles C) supraspinatus D) trapezius

B) Achilles

Indications for wrist sonography include all of the following except: A) pain and swelling B) Thompson sign C) trauma D) Tinel's sign

B) Thompson sign

All of the following are true of ganglion cysts except: a. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the anterior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the carpals b. Ganglion cyst typically appear sonographically as an incompressible, anechoic mass with acoustic enhancement c. Clinically, ganglion cysts may be hard to the touch and painful d. Ganglion cysts are often treated with an injection of corticosteroidsterm-23

a. A ganglion cyst is a common mass found along the anterior aspect of the hand and wrist, between the carpals

A cystic mass located within the popliteal fossa is most likely a: a. Baker cyst b. Thompson cyst c. Ganglion cyst d. Lipoma

a. Baker cyst

Which of the following hormones are responsible for the "flight or fight" response? a. Epinephrine and norepinephrine b. Cortisol and androgens c. Cortisol and aldosterone d. Adrenocorticotropic hormones and aldosterone

a. Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A partial tear of a tendon typically appears as: a. Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon b. A focal echogenic area within the tendon c. A diffusely heterogeneous area within the tendon d. Edema and refractive shadowing in the area of the divided tendon

a. Focal hypoechoic areas within the tendon

Which of the following would be best described as a benign tumor comprised of blood vessels? a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Hamartoma d. Oncocytoma

a. Hemangioma

Which of the following best describes the Thompson test? a. The patient lies prone and performs plantarflexion b. The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed c. The patient lies supine and performs plantarflexion d. The patient lies prone and performs dorsiflexion

b. The patient lies prone while the symptomatic calf is squeezed

Which of the following best describes the location of the right adrenal gland? a. Posterior and lateral to the pancreas b. Medial to the lower pole of the right kidney c. Posterior and lateral to the IVC d. Medial to the crus of the diaphragm

c. Posterior and lateral to the IVC

The arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the: a. Celiac trunk b. Subphrenic arteries c. Suprarenal arteries d. Superior mesenteric artery

c. Suprarenal arteries

What test can be performed to determine a torn Achilles tendon? a. McBurney test b. McDonald test c. Thompson test d. Baker test

c. Thompson test

Hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following except: a. Cushing syndrome b. Conn syndrome c. Hypoechoic mass in the area of the adrenal gland d. Acute drop in hematocrit

d. Acute drop in hematocrit

Upon sonographic examination of the right upper quadrant in a 32 year old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents a/an: a. Adrenal metastatic lesion b. Pheochromocytoma c. Neuroblastoma d. Adrenal cyst

d. Adrenal cyst

The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except: a. Cortisol b. Androgens c. Aldosterone d. Adrenaline

d. Adrenaline

d. gynecomastia

Abnormal enlargement of the male breast parenchyma is most likely a clinical finding in which of the following pathologies? a. mastitis b. polymastia c. hamartoma d. gynecomastia

In the case of a smooth mammographic mass that is cystic, the correlating sonographic mass will likely show which one of the following features? a. Irregular margin b. Anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement c. Taller than wide d. Echogenic and posterior acoustic enhancement

B:Anechoic and posterior acoustic enhancement

The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include which one of the following? a. Can better visualize those often-obscure signs of breast cancer such as microcalcifications. b. Can better visualize microcystic adenosis with layering milk of calcium and sclerosing adenosis, as well as variants of benign fibrocystic conditions that contain small calcifications as the principle mammographic finding that can be easily overlooked on routine mammographic images. c. Can better discriminate Cooper's ligaments within lumen of the small ducts of the terminal ductal lobular units (TDLUs). d. Can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography.

D: Can better evaluate those hard-to-reach places, such as parasternal tissues and axilla, not well seen on mammography. Ultrasound can evaluate the parasternal tissues, axilla, and juxtathoracic deep tissues better than mammography

Ultrasound of the breast is often performed as an adjunctive imaging tool in all of the following situations except: a. To assess a smooth mammographic mass as cystic or solid b. To further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with very dense breast tissue and a negative mammogram c. To further evaluate a palpable breast lump in a patient with breast implants d. To further evaluate an asymptomatic patient with large fatty replaced breasts and a negative mammogram

D: To further evaluate an asymptomatic patient with large fatty replaced breasts and a negative mammogram Ultrasound is used to further evaluate symptomatic patients with a negative mammogram.

Signs of possible breast cancer include all the following except: a. Irregular or spiculated mammographic mass, solid on ultrasound b. Clustered pleomorphic microcalcifications on mammogram, with or without any abnormality on ultrasound c. Focal distortion on mammogram, and a correlating area of distortion on breast ultrasound d. A smooth low-density mass, solid lesion that has not changed in over 3 years on ultrasound

D:A smooth low-density mass, solid lesion that has not changed in over 3 years on ultrasound A smooth, low-density mass on mammography and a sonographic finding of a solid lesion that does not change or grow are characteristic of benign lesions. Microcalcifications, focal distortion and irregular (speculated), high-density masses are signs of breast cancer on mammography. Microcalcifications and focal distortion are often difficult to visualize with ultrasound.

c. moderately hyperechoic

Echogenicity of glandular breast tissue when compared to a fatty breast lobule is best described as: a. isoechoic b. hyperechoic c. moderately hyperechoic d. moderately hypoechoic

b.transverse plane

Measurement of the Achilles tendon should be made in the: a.sagittal plane b.transverse plane c.coronal plane d.supine position

c. retromammary space

The deep layer of the superficial fascia is located within the: a. subcutaneous fat b. mammary zone c. retromammary space d. pectoralis muscles

d. 3.0 mm

The diameter of a normal lactiferous duct should not exceed: a. 1.0 mm b. 2.0 mm c. 2.5 mm d. 3.0 mm

c. smooth, moderately hypoechoic mass

The echogenicity of a fatty breast lobule is most commonly described as a(n): a. smooth, heterogeneous mass b. hyperechoic band of tissue c. smooth, moderately hypoechoic mass d. smooth, hyperechoic mass

When internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is useful for a sonographer to evaluate? a. Hematocrit b. Blood urea nitrogen c. Androgenic hormone d. Alkaline phosphatase

a. Hematocrit

Which of the following transducers would be best suited to sonographically assess for a splinter in a patient's hand? a. High-frequency, linear-array transducer b. Low-frequency, curved array transducer c. High-frequency, sector transducer d. Low-frequency, linear-array transducer

a. High-frequency, linear-array transducer

The most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is a/an: a. Hyperechoic mass b. Hypoechoic mass c. Anechoic mass d. Complex mass

a. Hyperechoic mass

Bullets, shrapnel, and other metallic objects may cause: a. Acoustic enhancement b. Comet-tail artifactterm-29 c. Edge enhancement d. Mirror image artifact

b. Comet-tail artifact

The syndrome associated with hypertension, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is: a. Edwards syndrome b. Cushing syndrome c. Juliet syndrome d. Hirschsprung syndrome

b. Cushing syndrome

With active internal hemorrhage, the patient's hematocrit will: a. Increase b. Decrease c. Become stable d. Not change

b. Decrease

The accumulation of synovial fluid from a weakening in the joint capsule of the knee, as seen in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can result in a: a. Hemangioma b. Lipoma c. Baker cyst d. Ganglion cyst

c. Baker cyst

Inflammation and infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is termed: a. Ascites b. Retroperitoneal fibrosis c. Cellulitis d. Subcutaneous edema

c. Cellulitis

A common mass found along the dorsal aspect of the hand and wrist is the: a. Baker cyst b. Thompson cyst c. Ganglion cyst d. Lipoma

c. Ganglion cyst

Which one of the following statements is false? a. Breast ultrasound is the imaging tool of choice to evaluate a breast mass in a teenage girl. b. Ultrasound of the breast is the primary imaging tool of choice in evaluating a breast mass in a pregnant woman. c. Breast ultrasound is the primary imaging tool of choice in screening a 45-year-old woman for any evidence of possible breast cancer. d. In the case of a benign fibroadenoma, the sonographic features of a smooth, sharply circumscribed hypoechoic mass with homogeneous echogenicity and a mild posterior acoustic enhancement will usually be seen.

c:. Breast ultrasound is the primary imaging tool of choice in screening a 45-year-old woman for any evidence of possible breast cancer.

Which of the following at the site of a foreign body may produce bright echoes and therefore cause some ambiguity about the correct orientation of the object? a. Fluid b. Enhancement c. Dust d. Air

d. Air

Superficial lipomas may appear as all of the following except: a. Hypoechoic to the surrounding tissue b. Isoechoic to surrounding tissues c. Hyperechoic to the surrounding tissue d. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

d. Anechoic to the surrounding tissue

The left suprarenal vein drains directly into the: a. Inferior vena cava b. Abdominal aorta c. Celiac trunk d. Left renal vein

d. Left renal vein

All of the following will aid in the sonographic assessment of an Achilles tendon except: a. The patient lies prone, with his or her feet hanging off the end of the bed b. Both the symptomatic and asymptomatic Achilles tendon should be scanned for comparison c. The entire tendon should be evaluated in sagittal and transverse scan planes d. The patient is scanned in the erect position, with a small amount of pressure placed on the symptomatic side

d. The patient is scanned in the erect position, with a small amount of pressure places on the symptomatic side

All of the following are associated with Conn syndrome except: a. Adrenal adenoma b. Hypertension c. Excessive thirst d. Thinning arms and legs

d. Thinning arms and legs

d.Morton neuroma

A patient presents with a history of sharp burning foot pain radiating to the third and fourth toes. Based on this clinical history, the calipers are most likely measuring a: a.lipoma b.muscle tear c.synovial cyst d.Morton neuroma

a.normal tendon

A patient presents with an aching over the right Achilles tendon. A sagittal image of the tendon shows which of the following findings? a.normal tendon b.tendonitis c.complete tear d.incomplete tear

b. galactocele

A retroareolar mass developing shortly after childbirth is most suspicious for a(n): a. fibroadenoma b. galactocele c. hamartoma d. cystosarcoma phyllodes

c.hematoma

A teenager arrives at the emergency department following a skiing injury. A nonvascular hypoechoic mass is identified in the posterior popliteal fossa. This mass most likely represents a(n): a.Baker cyst b.lymph node c.hematoma d.pseudoaneurysm

The advantages of breast ultrasound over mammography in evaluating the breast include all of the following except: a. Limited radiation exposure to the patient b. Differentiation of cystic versus solid smooth masses c. More comfortable examination for the patient d. Better visualization of juxtathoracic deep tissues

A:Limited radiation exposure to the patient The patient is exposed to no radiation with ultrasound.

Clinical findings of lumpy, painful, tender breasts that vary with monthly cycles usually represent which one of the following? a. Carcinoma b. Fibrocystic disease c. Cysts d. Adenomas

B: Fibrocystic disease Symptoms of fibrocystic disease include breast lumps and pain that fluctuates with every monthly cycle.

Infringement of the median nerve in the wrist results in: A) arthritis B) bursitis C) impingement syndrome D) carpal tunnel syndrome

D) carpal tunnel syndrome

The most important signs to look for in determining a cystic lesion of the breast include all of the following except: a. Well-defined borders b. Good through transmission c. Anechoic d. Disruption of architecture

D:Disruption of architecture A simple cyst should demonstrate no internal echoes (anechoic) or smooth borders and demonstrate posterior acoustic enhancement.

Ultrasound is often of benefit in guiding breast procedures for all of the following except: a. Cyst aspiration b. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) c. Drainage procedures d. Large-core needle biopsy of microcalcifications

D:Large-core needle biopsy of microcalcifications

c. fibroadenoma

Estrogen levels most frequently influence which of the following breast lesions? a. mastitis b. papilloma c. fibroadenoma d. galactocele

As a woman ages, the glandular breast tissue is replaced with?

Fat

c. Achilles tendon

The Thompson test is used to check the integrity of the: a. calf muscles b. rotator cuff c. Achilles tendon d. anterior abdominal wall

c.anterior abdominal wall

The Valsalva maneuver is a common technique used when evaluating the: a.pediatric hip b.Achilles tendon c.anterior abdominal wall d.gastrointestinal tract

c.15 to 20 lobes

The breast parenchyma is composed of approximately: a.1 to 10 lobes b.5 to 15 lobes c.15 to 20 lobes d.20 to 30 lobes

The most common malignant neoplasm of the breast is which one of the following? a. Lobular carcinoma in situ b. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) c. Invasive lobular carcinoma d. Ductal carcinoma in situ

B: Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC)

Skin dimpling may be caused by which one of the following? a. Old age b. Retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration c. Enlarged ducts d. Thrombosis of arterial vessels

B: Retraction of tissue secondary to tumor infiltration As malignant masses enlarge, they may cause retracting of the nipple or a dimpling of the skin as the spiculations pull on the Cooper's ligaments.

d. 60 degrees or greater

What is the normal alpha angle when evaluating for developmental displacement of the hip in a 1-month-old infant? a. less than 50 degrees b. 50 degrees or greater c. less than 60 degrees d. 60 degrees or greater

Inflammation of the tendon and synovial tendon sheath is referred to as: a. Tendosynovitis b. Tendonitis c. Cellulitis d. Pannus

a. Tendosynovitis

d.in the distal portion of the tendon near the calcaneus

A complete tear of the Achilles tendon is most commonly located: a.at the superior insertion b.in the medial portion of the tendon near the medial malleolus c.approximately 2 to 6 cm from the superior tendon insertion d.in the distal portion of the tendon near the calcaneus

Which one of the following structures is a band like flat tendon connecting muscle to bone. A) ligament B) aponeurosis C) synovial sheath D) pinnate

B) aponeurosis

Lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast generally flows to the _____ lymph nodes. a. interpectoral b. axillary c. supraclavicular d. internal mammary

B: axillary Lymphatic drainage from all parts of the breast generally flows to the axillary lymph nodes.

The breast is sonographically divided into three layers. Which one of the following is incorrect? a. Skin, nipple, subareolar b. Pectoralis major c. Subcutaneous region d. Parenchyma

B:Pectoralis major Sonographically, the breast is divided into the subcutaneous, mammary, and retromammary layers.

Which of the following best describes a negative Thompson test? a. The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon b. The calf is squeezed and the foot should not plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon c. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon d. The Achilles tendon is squeezed and the foot should not plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

a. The calf is squeezed and the foot should plantar flex in a patient who does not have a complete tear of the Achilles tendon

All of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands except: a. The adrenal glands play an important role in blood pressure regulation b. The adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus c. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney d. The right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

c. The left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney

Which of the following is true concerning patients with a lipoma? a. They often complain of pain in the area of the mass b. They are often obese c. They are only slightly tender in the area of the mass d. They feel no pain in the area of the mass

d. They feel no pain in the area of the mass