Milady Esthetics Final Review

What is the range of the pH scale?

0 to 14.

How long do most basic facials take?

1 hour.

What is a kilowatt?

1,000 watts.

What is a milliampere?

1.1,000 of an ampere; the current used for facial and scalp treatments.

How long does it take to clean up after a service?

10 to 15 minutes.

How long does it take to set up for a service?

10 to 15 minutes.

How many major body systems is the human body composed of?

11.

How much time should you schedule for an initial consultation and skin analysis?

15 minutes.

How many categories are all SDSs formatted into?

16 with 9 accepted pictograms.

What are the nasal bones?

2 bones that form the bridge of the nose.

What is the pH of hair and skin?

5.

How much of the body's weight is made up of water?

50 to 70.

What is considered to be neutral on the pH scale?

7.

SPF 15 blocks what percent of UVB rays?

93%.

SPF 30 blocks what percent of UVB rays?

97%.

SPF 50 blocks what percent of UVB rays?

98%.

When pursuing advanced educational opportunities as an esthetician, what qualification is the most prestigious?

A CIDESCO diploma.

What is Hepatitis?

A blood borne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver.

What should you place under a client's knees to help support the lower back?

A bolster.

What is a chemical change?

A change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance.

What is a physical change?

A change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance.

What is a pure substance?

A chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions.

What is a molecule?

A chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions.

What are compound molecules?

A chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions.

What is sanitation?

A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.

What is metabolism?

A chemical process taking place in living organisms whereby the cells are nourished and carry out their activities; the process of changing food into forms the body can use as energy.

What is oxidation-reduction (redox)?

A chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen).

What is skin type?

A classification that describes a person's genetic skin attributes.

What is thioglyolic acid?

A colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions.

What is inflammation?

A condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling. (bacterial).

What is a contraindication?

A condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures or products to prevent undesirable side effects.

What is scabies?

A contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin.

What are surfactants?

A contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify.

What is the client consent form?

A customary written agreement between the esthetician and the client for applying a treatment, whether routine or preoperative.

What is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A disease that breaks down the body's immune system; caused by HIV.

What is contagious disease?

A disease that is capable of being spread from one person to another.

What is pus?

A fluid containing white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, and is the by-product of the infectious process.

What is desincrustation?

A form of anaphoresis; the process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and blackheads in the hair follicles.

What is booth/chair rental?

A form of self-employment, business ownership, and tax designation, distinguished by renting a booth or station in a salon.

What is tinea capitis?

A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papule, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles.

What is ringworm?

A fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions.

What is the pituitary gland?

A gland found in the center of the head; the most complex organ of the endocrine system; affects almost every physiologic process of the body (growth, blood pressure, contractions during childbirth, breast-milk production, sexual organ functions, thyroid gland function, metabolism).

What is the liver?

A gland in the abdominal cavity that secretes enzymes necessary for digestion, synthesizes proteins, and detoxifies the blood; regulates sugar levels in the blood and helps with decomposition of red blood cells and produces hormones necessary for body functions.

What is the penial gland?

A gland located in the brain; plays a major role in sexual development, sleep and metabolism.

What is the thyroid gland?

A gland located in the neck; controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism), makes proteins and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

What are enzymes?

A group of complex proteins produced by living cells that act as catalysts in specific chemical reactions in the body such as digestion.

What is mycobacterium?

A large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water.

What are triceps?

A large muscle that covers the entire back of the upper arm and extends the forearm.

What is the deltoid?

A large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body.

What is a nonconductor (insulator)?

A material that does not transmit electricity. (rubber, silk, wood, glass, cement)

What is the pH scale?

A measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance.

What is cleaning?

A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs; also removes invisible debris that interfere with disinfection; required to do before disinfecting.

How many electrical outlets should a treatment room have?

A minimum of four.

What is an elemental molecule?

A molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions.

What is the eleventh cranial nerve (accessory nerve)?

A motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and should muscles.

What is the levator labii superioris?

A muscle that elevates the lip and dilates the nostrils, as in expressing distaste.

What are alpha lipoic acids?

A natural molecule found in every cell in the body; it is a powerful antioxidant and is soluble in water and oil.

What is a physical mixture?

A physical combination of matter in any proportion.

Employers, coworkers and clients appreciate working with someone who has what?

A positive attitude.

What is desincrustation?

A process used to soften oil and comedones in follicles.

Define vegan.

A product that does not contain any animal ingredients or animal by-products.

What is a facial?

A professional service designed to improve and rejuvenate the skin.

What is an express facial?

A professional service designed to improve the appearance of the skin that takes less than 30 minutes.

What is the dispensary?

A room or area used for mixing products and storing supplies.

What is the Fitzpatrick Scale?

A scale used to measure the skin type's ability to tolerate ultraviolet exposure.

The technician's stool should not have what?

A set height.

What is a facial station?

A skin care treatment area within the reception or retail area of the facility.

What is an ampoule?

A small, sealed vile containing a single, premeasured application.

What is an alkaline solution?

A solution that has a pH above 7.

What is an acidic solution?

A solution that has a pH below 7.

What is a solution?

A stable, uniform mixture of two or more substances.

What is a reducing agent?

A substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound;(hair color)

What is a mutagen?

A substance that causes an increase in cellular mutations, some of which are harmful but others which have little or no effect on the body's function; may cause cancer but not always

What is a carcinogen?

A substance that causes or is believed to cause cancer.

What is an oxidizing agent?

A substance that releases oxygen; (H2O2)

What is tine barbae? (Barber's itch)

A superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin; it is primarily limited to the bearded areas of the face and neck or around the scalp.

What is a patch test?

A test for identifying a possible allergy in a client.

What are bilayers?

A thin polar membrane made of two layers of lipid molecules; these membranes are flat sheets that form a continuous barrier around all cells.

As a best practice, what should you implement and routinely update at the spa to facilitate preparations for clients?

A treatment room setup checklist.

What is mildew?

A type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the barbershop.

What is Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)?

A type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics.

What is eumelanin?

A type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color; people with dark-colored skin produce mostly this.

What is pheomelanin?

A type of melanin that is red and yellow in color; people with light-colored skin produce mostly this.

What is sodium hydroxide?

A very strong alkali used in chemical products and cleaners; aka lye.

What is human papilloma virus (HPV)?

A virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups; also a cutaneous viral infection commonly contracted through sexual transmission and exhibited by genital warts.

What is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

A virus that causes HIV disease and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

What is the lymphatic/immune system?

A vital factor to the circulatory and to the immune system made up of lymph, lymph nodes, the thymus gland, the spleen, and lymph vessels that act as an aid to the blood system; closely connected in that they protect the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing microorganisms.

What is glycosaminoglacans?

A water binding substance such as polysaccharide (protein and complex sugar) found between the fibers of the dermis.

What type of lighting should a treatment room have?

Able to be increased or decreased during skin analysis and product removal.

What is albinism?

Absence of melanin pigment in the body including skin, hair, and eyes.

What are alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs)?

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin.

What are alpha hydroxy acids?

Acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are oftn used to exfoliate the skin by loosening the bonds between dead corneum cells and dissolve the intercellular matrix; stimulate cell renewal.

What are pH adjusters?

Acids or alkalis (bases) used to adjust the pH of products.

Benzoyl peroxide is primarily used for treating what?

Acne.

What do silicones do?

Act as vehicles for spreading in some products, including makeup.

What are the two different chemical reactions possible with galvanic current depending on the polarity that is used?

Active electrode and inactive electrode.

What are some of the most common skin conditions estheticians see today?

Adult acne, extrinsic aging and problems relating to hormonal fluctuations.

What is the infraorbital nerve?

Affects the skin of the lower eyelid, side of the nose, upper lip, and mouth.

What is the maxillary nerve?

Affects the upper part of the face.

What causes fragile or thin skin?

Age or medications.

What is a keratolytic?

Agent that causes exfoliation, or sloughing, of skin cells.

what kind of vents must be present in a treatment room?

Air.

What are fresheners?

Alcohol-free toners that contain botanicals and hydrators to soothe the skin.

What are volatile alcohols?

Alcohols that evaporate easily (rubbing alcohol/hairspray/bevvys).

What are alkanolamines?

Alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products.

Define natural.

All natural, terms often used in marketing for skin care products and ingredients derived from natural sources.

What is Quaternium-15?

All-purpose preservative active against bacteria, mold and yeast. Probably the greatest formaldehyde-releaser among cosmetic preservatives; may cause dermatitis and allergies.

What are toners?

Also known as fresheners or astringents; liquids designed to tone and tighten the skin's surface.

What is glycol acid?

An AHA used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products.

What does OSHA require for every salon to have?

An SDS available for every chemical used in the salon and are immediately available to all employees.

What is disease?

An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function.

What is an ion?

An atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge.

What is microcurrent?

An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.

What is vitamin C?

An important substance needed for the proper repair of the skin and tissues; promotes the production of collagen in the skin's dermal tissues; aids in and promotes the skin's healing process.

Why should estheticians have a thorough understanding of skin analysis?

An individual's skin type and conditions must be analyzed correctly to determine the appropriate treatment and products; to determine the causes of skin conditions and any contraindications to treatment or products that the client may have; being able to identify healthy habits and behavior that is detrimental to skin health gives a better understanding of how to help clients.

What do all skin types need to maintain healthy skin?

An individualized skin care consultation and treatment plan.

What is systemic infection?

An infection where the pathogen has distributed throughout the body rather than staying in one area or organ.

What is local infection?

An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus.

What is herpes simplex virus?

An inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a viral infection and characterized by small vesicles in clusters.

What is an emulsifier?

An ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable mixture.

What is dihydroxyacetone (DHA)?

An ingredient that reacts with the proteins (keratin) on the surface cells of the skin and turns them darker.

What do you do to determine the products and procedures to be used during a facial, as well as begin the discussion about home-care products?

An initial consultation and skin analysis.

What is titanium dioxide?

An inorganic sunscreen that reflects UVA and UVB.

What is an anion?

An ion with a negative electrical charge.

What is a cation?

An ion with a positive electrical charge.

What is a hydrolipidic film?

An oil-water balance the protects the skin's surface.

What is an emulsion?

An unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus an emulsifier.

What two parts does metabolism consist of?

Anabolism and catabolism.

What is the third step for an acne procedure?

Analyze the skin.

Licorice is what?

Anti-inflammatory agent.

What is calendula?

Anti-inflammatory plant extract.

What is licorice?

Anti-irritant used for sensitive skin; helps lighten pigmentation.

What are the benefits of lavender?

Antiallergenic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, antibacterial, balancing, energizing, soothing and healing.

What is alcohol?

Antiseptic and solvent used in perfumes, lotions, and astringents; specifically denatured (SD) alcohol is a mixture of ethanol with a denaturing agent.

What is a conductor?

Any material that conducts electricity. (copper, tap/river water).

What are microorganisms?

Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.

What is matter?

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).

What is a rectifier?

Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.

What is an inverter?

Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.

What is an ideal treatment for sensitive skin?

Applications using fatty acids and low percentages of AHA.

What is an electrode (probe)?

Applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin.

What is the ninth step for an acne procedure?

Apply a clay-based mask for deep cleansing. Remove with towels.

What is the tenth step for an acne procedure?

Apply a soothing mask. Remove with wet cotton.

What is the eighth step for an acne procedure?

Apply astringent/toner.

What is the eleventh step for an acne procedure?

Apply moisturizer.

What should you do next after the initial dry skin analysis?

Apply warm towels.

What are the common carotid arteries?

Arteries that supply blood to the face, head, neck, located on either side of the neck, having an internal and external branch.

How does MRSA appear?

As a skin infection, resulting in pimples, rashes, or boils that can be difficult to cure.

What type of toner has a higher alcohol content?

Astringent.

When are masks applied during a treatment?

At different times depending on their function.

What is a reflex?

Automatic reaction to a stimulus that involves the movement of an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord.

What are salicylic acids?

BHAs with exfoliating and antiseptic properties; natural sources include sweet birch, willow bark and wintergreen.

What is the occipitalis?

Back of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward.

What is the nape?

Back of the neck.

What are bacterial spores?

Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments and to shed the coating when conditions become more favorable to them.

Disinfection is not effective against what?

Bacterial spores.

At a minimum, disinfectants used in salons, spas and barbershops must be what?

Bactericidal, virucidal, and fungicidal.

What is sodium bicarbonate?

Baking soda; an alkaline inorganic salt used as a buffering agent, neutralizer, and pH adjuster.

Oil and hydration on normal skin is considered to be what?

Balanced; balanced.

What are the benefits of using moisturizers and hydrators?

Balancing the oil-water content of the skin, nourishing skin through ingredients, protecting skin from the elements.

What does an acne treatment plan primarily focus on?

Balancing the skin.

What is the stratum germinativum?

Basal cell layer; active layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; cell mitosis takes place here to produce new epidermal skin cells.

What are cells?

Basic unit of all living things; minute mass of protoplasm capable of performing all the fundamental functions of life.

What keeps the body in a chronic inflammatory state that is painful and inhibits healing?

Biofilms.

What should your facial supplies include?

Blankets to cover the client.

What is the first step when consulting your client after a service?

Block out 15 minutes to explain proper home care for the client.

What is Ultraviolet C (UVC)?

Blocked by the ozone layer; effective at killing bacteria, viruses, mold and other pathogens.

What is interstitial fluid?

Blood plasma found in the spaces between tissues.

What is the nervous system?

Body system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other systems and makes them work harmoniously and efficiently.

What is the respiratory system?

Body system consisting of the lungs and air passages; enables breathing, which supplies the body with oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide as a waste product.

What is the muscular system?

Body system that covers, shapes, and supports the skeleton tissue; contracts and moves various parts of the body.

What is the reproductive system?

Body system that includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the female and the testes, prostate gland, penis, and urethra in the male. This system performs the function of offspring and passing on the genetic code from one generation to another.

What is the frontal bone?

Bone forming the forehead.

What is the sphenoid bone?

Bone that forms the sides of the eye socket.

What are examples of connective tissue?

Bone, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, blood, lymph and fat.

What are the temporal bones?

Bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region.

What are the zygomatic (malar) bones?

Bones that form the prominence of the cheeks; cheekbones.

What are the parietal bones?

Bones that form the sides and top of the cranium; 2 (right and left).

What are the maxillae bones?

Bones that form the upper jaw.

Whose comfort should you consider when choosing equipment for your station?

Both your own and clients'.

What is the mandibular nerve?

Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the muscles and skin of the lower part of the face; affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip.

What is the ophthalmic nerve?

Branch of the fifth cranial nerve that supplies the skin of the forehead, upper eyelids, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball and nasal passage.

What are chelating soaps/detergents?

Break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts and masks.

What is digestion?

Breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical means.

What is the platysma?

Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for depressing the lower jaw and lip.

What develops just as much on the neck and chest as the face?

Broken capillaries and rhytids (wrinkles).

What is Ultraviolet B (UVB)?

Burning light; most associated with sunburns.

What is an example of a chemical change?

Burning wood.

What does combination skin look like?

Can have buildup of dead skin and oil in pores around nose but dry or flaking skin outside of T-zone; some blemishes and comedones.

How can extreme weight loss effect the appearance of skin?

Can result in loss of muscle tone and lined and sagging skin, which can give skin an aged appearance.

What does bactericidal mean?

Capable of destroying bacteria.

What does fungicidal mean?

Capable of destroying molds and fungi.

What does virucidal mean?

Capable of destroying viruses.

What is telangiectasia?

Capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels.

What are the six classes of nutrients that the body needs?

Carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, minerals, proteins and water.

What is systemic (general) circulation?

Carries the oxygenated blood from the heart throughout the body and back to the heart again.

What are motor nerves (efferent)?

Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands; produce movement.

What are sensory nerves?

Carry impulses or messages from the sense organs to the brain, where sensations such as touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain and pressure are experienced.

What is glycation?

Caused by an elevation in blood sugar, is the binding of a protein molecule to a glucose molecule resulting in the formation of damaged, nonfunctioning structures; alters protein structures and decreases biological activity.

What is mitochondria?

Cell structure that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell, called ATP, adenosine triphosphate.

What is mitosis?

Cells dividing into two new cells (daughter cells); the usual process of cell reproduction of human tissues.

What are neurons?

Cells that make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord and transmit nerve impulses.

What are fibroblasts?

Cells that stimulate cells, collagen, and amino acids that form proteins.

What are peptides?

Chains of amino acids that stimulate fibroblasts, cell metabolism, collagen, and improve skin's firmness; larger chains are called polypeptides.

What are chemical properties?

Characteristics that can be determined only by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance.

What are physical properties?

Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance.

What is the correct order of the final steps in applying cleanser during a facial?

Cheeks, nose, forehead.

What are chemical exfoliants?

Chemical agents that dissolves dead skin cells and the intercellular matrix, or glue, that holds them together (desmosomes).

What are preservatives?

Chemical agents that inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic formulations; they kill bacteria and prevent products from spoiling.

What are polymers?

Chemical compounds formed by combining a number of small molecules (monomers) into long chain-like structures; advanced vehicles that release substances onto the skin's surface at a microscopically controlled rate.

What are antiseptics?

Chemical germicides formulated for use on skin' registered and regulated by the FDA.

What are disinfectants?

Chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.

What are exothermic reactions?

Chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat.

What are endothermic reactions?

Chemical reactions that requires the absorption of energy or heat from an external source for the reaction to occur. (melting ice)

What is a delivery system?

Chemical systems that deliver ingredients to specific areas of the epidermis.

What are chelating agents?

Chemicals added to cosmetics to improve the efficiency of the preservative.

What are digestive enzymes?

Chemicals that change certain kinds of food into a form that can be used by the body.

What is the thorax?

Chest or pulmonary trunk; consists of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae; elastic, bony cage that serves as a protective framework for the heart, lungs and other internal organs.

What is the seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve)?

Chief motor nerve of the face; it emerges near the lower part of the ear and extends to the muscles of the neck.

What is rosacea?

Chronic condition that appears primarily on the cheeks and nose and is characterized by flushing (redness), telangiectasis, and in come cases the formation of papule and pustules.

What is acne?

Chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands that is characterized by comedones and blemishes.

A cream is a type of what?

Cleanser

A gel is a type of what?

Cleanser

A lotion is a type of what?

Cleanser

What are considered products?

Cleansers, exfoliants, masks, massage creams, toners.

How is combination skin treated?

Cleansing and regular exfoliation.

What term refers to a detergent-type "foaming" cleanser?

Cleansing gel.

What is the stratum lucidum?

Clear, transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum; thickest on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

What is lymph?

Clear, yellowish fluid that circulates the lymph spaces of the body; carries waste and impurities away from the cells.

What record includes your notes from skin analysis and home care recommendations?

Client chart.

What are the key features of a facial bar?

Client does not need to disrobe, express treatments, located within 20 feet of the front door and within the reception or retail area of the facility.

What is the first step toward a professional approach?

Client interaction.

What are the key features of the treatment room?

Client needs to disrobe, extensive extractions, full body massages, intensive peels.

What are liposomes?

Closed-lipid bilayer spheres that encapsulate ingredients, target their delivery to specific tissues of the skin, and control their release.

What do lubricants do?

Coat the skin and reduce friction.

What is one of the fattiest and healthiest plant oils?

Coconut oil.

What are apocrine glands?

Coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas that secrete sweat.

What is the clavicle?

Collarbone; the bone that joins the sternum and scapula.

What is tissue?

Collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.

What are biofilms?

Colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces, as well as the human body.

What are examples of physical properties?

Color, solubility, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, and glossiness.

What is ammonia?

Colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen.

What is protoplasm?

Colorless, jellylike substance in cells; contains food elements such as protein, fats, carbs, mineral salts and water.

What are noncertified colors?

Colors that are organic, meaning they come from animal or plant extracts; they can also be natural mineral pigments.

What is sodium hypochlorite?

Common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon.

What is sulfur used for?

Commonly used in acne products; reduces the activity of oily glands and dissolves the skin's surface layer of dry, dead cells.

What does oil soluble mean?

Compatible with oil.

What is grounding?

Completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away.

What are volatile organic compounds (VOCs)?

Compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate easily (volatile).

What are alkalis?

Compounds that react with acids to form salts; aka bases.

What are serums?

Concentrated liquid ingredients for the skin designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions.

What is hair papillae?

Cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fit into the hair bulb; filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and cells necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment.

What is a joint?

Connection between two or more bones of the skeleton.

What is the zygomaticus?

Consists of major and minor muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth that elevates the lip, as in laughing.

What is the central nervous system (CNS)?

Consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves and cranial nerves.

What is galvanic current?

Constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body.

What is a direct current?

Constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction and is produced by chemical means.

What is an exposure incident?

Contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials, which is the result of the performance of an employee's duties.

What method of extraction is especially useful around the nose area?

Cotton swabs.

What type of cleanser is used for dry and mature skin types?

Cream based.

What are modalities?

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.

What are the general characteristics of a Fitzpatrick Type 5?

Dark brown skin; dark eyes and hair; rarely burns, tans easily and significantly.

What are the general characteristics of a Fitzpatrick Type 6?

Dark brown, black skin; dark eyes and hair; rarely/never burns, tans easily.

How is glycerin formed?

Decomposition of oils or fats.

What is the reticular layer?

Deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients; contains fat cells, blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, sebaceous glands and nerve endings.

What is anhidrosis?

Deficiency in perspiration, often a result of a fever or skin disease that requires medical treatment.

How often should clients exfoliate at home?

Depends on skin type or condition and manufacturers instructions.

What is echinacea?

Deravitive of the purple coneflower; prevents infection and has healing properties; used internally to support the immune system.

What is hemp seed oil?

Derived from hemp seeds, very light botanical oil used as an emollient.

What is squalane?

Derived from olives; desensitizes and nourishes; an emollient.

What are plant stem cells?

Derived from plants to protect or stimulate our own skin stem cells.

What is azulene?

Derived from the chamomile plant and characterized by its deep plue color; has anti-inflammatory and soothing properties.

What is argan oil?

Derived from the kernels of the argan tree; very light botanical oil used as an emoillent.

What is palm oil?

Derived from the oil palm tree; one of the fattiest and heaviest oils used as an emollient.

What is allantoin?

Derived from the root of the comfrey plant, helps to soften and protect while actively soothing skin.

What is Striae?

Dermal scars due to rapid expansion or stretching of connective tissue leaving deep red, pink or purple linear marks on the skin that gradually fade to light pink or sliver over time; often occur during growth phases in puberty, pregnancy, and weight gain; AKA stretch marks.

Define anhydrous.

Describes products that do not contain any water.

What are the main types of surfactants used in skin-cleansing products?

Detergents.

What can an esthetician not do?

Diagnose or treat medical skin conditions.

What are self-tanning lotions formulated with?

Dihydroxyacetone (DHA).

What are the four modes of pathogen transmission?

Direct, indirect, airborne and respiratory.

What are manufacturers of chemicals that are registered with either the EPA or FDA required to do?

Disclose all hazards alongside specific cautions and directions for use.

What is parasitic disease?

Disease caused by parasites such as lice and mites.

What is infectious disease?

Disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body; may or may not be spread from one person to another.

What is pathogenic disease?

Disease produced by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

What are blood borne pathogens?

Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.

What should you clean all counters, sinks, surfaces and floor mats with?

Disinfectant.

What is a wavelength?

Distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.

Clay masks do what?

Draw impurities to the surface of the skin as it dries and tightens.

What do humectants do?

Draw moisture to the skin and soften its surface, diminishing lines caused by dehydration.

What is benzoyl peroxide?

Drying ingredient with antibacterial properties commonly used for blemishes and acne.

Dry skin looks like what?

Dull, lack of luminosity, flaking, blotchy.

What agency registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States?

EPA

What does hydrophilic mean?

Easily absorbs moisture; capable of combining with or attracting water; water-loving.

What is ingestion?

Eating or taking food into the body.

What does the esthetician need to provide as part of the facial?

Education and consultation.

What types of treatments are contraindicated for clients with metal bone pins or plates in the body?

Electrical treatments.

What is an active electrode?

Electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated.

What type of treatments are contraindicated for clients with epliepsy?

Electrotherapy and phototherapy.

What is not an effect of applying warm towels to a client's face?

Eliminates the need for extractions.

What is defecation?

Elimination fo feces from the body.

What is liquid paraffin?

Emollient ingredient derived from petroleum sources.

What is petrolatum?

Emollient ingredient derived from petroleum sources.

What is a lanolin?

Emollient with moisturizing properties; also an emulsifier with high water-absorption capabilities.

What are fatty esters?

Emollients produced from fatty acids and alcohols.

What are fatty alcohols?

Emollients; fatty acids that have been exposed to hydrogen.

What are fatty acids?

Emollients; lubricant ingredients derived from plant oils or animal fats.

What should you do at the end of the day?

Empty waste containers and replace clean trash liners.

What is vitamin D?

Enables the body to properly absorb and use calcium, the element needed for proper bone development and maintenance; also promotes rapid healing of the skin.

What do glycoproteins do?

Enhance moisture content, immune response, and cellular metabolism, which boosts cellular oxygen intake.

What are the properties of urea?

Enhancing the penetrative abilities of other substances; anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and deodorizing action that protects the skin's surface and helps maintain healthy skin.

What term refers to ingredients used to dissolve keratin proteins on the surface of the skin?

Enzymes.

What are lamellar granules?

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids and other proteins.

What are keratinocytes?

Epidermal cells composed of keratin, lipids, and other proteins.

What piece of salon furniture is also known as an operator's stool?

Esthetician's chair.

What is the first step in determining skin type?

Evaluating the pores in the T-zone.

Where in the body are alpha lipoic acids found?

Every cell.

What is Hirstutism?

Excess body hair located in regions where hair is not normally present, such as facial hair for women and is commonly caused by a hormonal imbalance.

What is atopic dermatitis?

Excess inflammation; dry skin, redness, and itching from allergies and irritants.

What are sudoriferous glands?

Excrete perspiration, regulate body temperature, and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals.

What are Alpha Hydroxy Acids (AHA) and Beta Hydroxy Acids (BHA) commonly used as?

Exfoliants.

What are gommages?

Exfoliating creams that are rubbed off the skin.

What are beta hydroxy acids?

Exfoliating organic acid; salicylic acid; milder than AHAs; dissolve oil and are beneficial for oily skin.

What process will make the skin smoother, help product penetration by unblocking the surface, and promote stimulation, which increases cell turnover rate?

Exfoliation.

What is not a benefit of manual extraction?

Expanded follicles.

What are the benefits of manual extractions?

Expelled impurities, removal of papules, clean follicles.

What is the third step when consulting your client after a service?

Explain, in simple terms, the client's skin conditions, informing them of how you propose to treat the conditions.

What is skin?

External protective coating that covers the body; the body's largest organ; acts as a barrier to protect body systems from the outside elements.

UV exposure, tanning beds, environmental exposure, pollutants, air quality, climate, inappropriate skin care, misuse of products/treatments, overexfoliation, allergies and photosensitivity are all examples of what type of effects on the skin?

External/extrinsic

What is witch hazel?

Extracted from the bark of the hamanelis shurb; can be a soothing agent or, in higher concentrations, an astringent.

What are cosmetics?

FDA; articles that are intended to be rubbed, poured, sprinkled, or otherwise applied to the human body or any part thereof for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering appearance.

What piece of furniture is meant for the client's use?

Facial chair or treatment table.

What are contraindications?

Factors that prohibit a treatment.

What are the general characteristics of a Fitzpatrick Type 3?

Fair to olive skin; brown eyes; dark hair; tans well, burns moderately.

How should headbands with Velcro be placed in the laundry?

Fastened to prevent lint from sticking to them.

What is the subcutaneous layer?

Fat tissue located beneath the dermis; a protective cushion and energy storage for the body.

What kind of vitamins are A, D, E and K?

Fat-soluble vitamins, found in fats in foods, and can be stored in the body.

What are lipids?

Fats or fat-like substances; help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin.

What are emollients?

Fatty materials used to lubricate and moisturize the skin.

What is subcutis (adipose) tissue?

Fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body, contains fat for use as energy, and also acts as a protective cushion for the outer skin.

What is keratin?

Fibrous protein of cells that is also the principal component of skin, hair and nails; provides resiliency and protection.

What is connective tissue?

Fibrous tissue that binds together, protects, and supports various parts of the body such as bone, cartilage and tendons.

What is collagen?

Fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness.

What are rhytids?

Fine lines or wrinkles.

What should you use to apply eye and lip creams?

Fingertips or cotton swabs.

What is an example of a direct current?

Flashlights, cell phones, cordless tools.

How should your feet be positioned when you sit in an ergonomic position?

Flat on the floor.

What is electric current?

Flow of electricity along a conductor.

When performing a facial on a male client, movements should be what?

Flow with the hair growth.

What is plasma?

Fluid part of the blood and lymph that carries food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells.

What is a common problem for men, especially if they have very coarse or curly beard hair?

Folliculitis.

What should you do when performing a facial?

Follow systematic procedures, maintain a quiet atmosphere, apply products moderately and warm your hands before touching clients.

What is Staph responsible for?

Food poisoning, and a wide range of diseases including toxic shock syndrome and some flesh-eating diseases.

Alginate masks do what?

Form a seal that encourages the skin's absorption of the serum or cream underneath; come in powder form and are mixed with water or serums, and dry to form a rubberized texture.

What is an independent contractor?

Form of self-employment and tax designation with specific responsibilities for bookkeeping, takes, insurances and so on.

What is bromhidrosis?

Foul-smelling perspiration, usually in the armpits or on the feet.

What are the characteristics of sensitive skin?

Fragile, thin skin and redness.

What term refers to skin-freshening lotions with a low alcohol content?

Fresheners.

What is the frontalis?

Front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; the scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles across the forehead.

The majority of extractions are performed using what?

Gauze wrapped around gloved fingers.

What determines a person's skin type?

Genetics and ethnicity.

Fragrances do what?

Give products their scent.

What do fragrances do?

Give products their scent.

What are lymph nodes?

Gland-like structures found inside lymphatic vessels; filter the lymphatic vessels and help fight infection.

What are adrenal glands?

Glands that are located at the top of the kidneys assisting in the regulation of metabolism, stress response and blood pressure; support immune system health through the generation of specific hormones.

What are endocrine glands (ductless glands)?

Glands that release hormonal secretions directly into the bloodstream.

What are examples of suspensions?

Glitter in nail polish and calamine lotion.

What are single use products?

Gloves, lancets, gauze squares, finger cots, cotton pads.

What should be worn for all decontamination procedures?

Gloves.

What are ceramides?

Glycolipid materials that are a natural part of the skin's intercellular matrix and barrier function.

What is the excretory system?

Group of organs including the kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine and lungs that purify the body by elimination of waste matter.

What is the endocrine system?

Group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activities and health of the entire body.

What are body systems?

Groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions.

Male clients represent what percentage of a spa's business?

Growing.

What are Langerhans immune cells?

Guard cells of the immune system that sense unrecognized foreign invaders (bacteria) and then process these antigens for removal through the lymph system.

What are Standard Precautions?

Guidelines published by the CDC that require the employer and employee to assume that any human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious.

Setting masks do what?

Harden and contain ingredients which dry and provide a complete barrier on top of the skin.

What are corneocytes?

Hardned, waterproof, protective keratinocytes; "dead" protein cells are dried out and lack nuclei.

What is pathogenic?

Harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body.

What is nonpathogenic?

Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they o not cause disease or harm.

What should you avoid with combination skin?

Harsh products and rough exfoliation.

What is Ultraviolet A (UVA)?

Has the longest wavelengths and penetrates directly into the dermis of the skin, damaging the collagen and elastin; often used in tanning beds.

What is the second step when consulting your client after a service?

Have the client sit in the facial chair, or invite them to move to a well-lit consultation area.

What does lipophilic mean?

Having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils (oil-loving) (me).

What are the benefits of plant stem cells?

Health and anti-aging.

What is vitamin E?

Helps protect the skin from harmful effects of the sun's UV light.

What is the occipital bone?

Hindmost bone of the skull, below the parietal bones; forms the back of the skull above the nape.

What is skin type primarily based on?

How much oil is produced in the follicles from the sebaceous glands and the amount of lipids found between the cells.

What is a treatment goal for dry and mature skin?

Hydrate and nourish.

What is hyaluronic acid?

Hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water binding properties.

What element turns a fatty acid into a fatty alcohol?

Hydrogen.

The head of a surfactant molecule is what?

Hydrophilic.

What are allergies?

Hypersensitivity disorders of the immune system.

What is a T cell?

Identify molecules that have foreign peptides and also help regulate immune response.

What does a Wood's lamp do?

Illuminates skin disorders, fungi, bacterial disorders, and deeper levels of pigmentation using a filtered black light.

What is acquired immunity?

Immunity that is developed after overcoming a disease, through inoculation (vaccines), or through exposure to natural allergens (pollen, cat dander, ragweed).

What is natural immunity?

Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.

What does microcurrent do?

Improve blood and lymph circulation, opens/closes hair follicles and pores, increases muscle tone, restores elasticity, reduces redness and inflammation, minimizes healing time for acne, improves skin's natural protective barrier, increases metabolism.

What are cosmeceuticals intended to do?

Improve the skin's health and appearance.

Where should you store clean items when not in use?

In a covered container in a drawer or cupboard.

How should products be stored to make them last longer?

In dark containers in cool temperatures.

How must ingredients be listed on cosmetic labels?

In descending order of predominance, starting with the highest concentration and ending with the lowest concentration.

How are AHAs used on clients?

In different percentages and pH factors to dissolve the desmosomes between cells to keep skin cells exfoliated.

How should you organize your single-use supplies when laying them out on a clean towel?

In the order they will be used.

What is the Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?

Includes safety information about products compiled by the manufacturer, including hazardous ingredients, safe use and handling procedures, proper disposal guidelines, and precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure; required by law for all products sold.

What is sun protection factor (SPF)?

Indicates a product's ability to delay sun-induced erythema, the visible sign of sun damage; Rating is based only on UVB protection, not UVA exposure.

Define fragrance-free.

Indicates that no other ingredients have been added to a product to specifically provide a fragrance; however, it may already contain ingredients that have a scent.

What is pediculosis capitis?

Infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice.

What is folliculitis?

Inflammation of the hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection from ingrown hairs.

What are botanicals?

Ingredients derived from plants.

What are polyglucans?

Ingredients derived from yeast cells that help strengthen the immune system and stimulate metabolism; hydrophilic and help preserve and protect collagen and elastin.

What are functional ingredients?

Ingredients in cosmetic products that allow the products to spread, give them body and texture, and give them a specific form such as a lotion, cream or gel.

What are performance ingredients?

Ingredients in cosmetic products that cause the actual changes in the appearance of the skin.

What are hydrators?

Ingredients that attract water to the skin's surface.

What are hydrophilic agents?

Ingredients that attract water to the skin's surface.

What are humectants?

Ingredients that attract water.

What are beta-glucans?

Ingredients used in anti-aging cosmetics used to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the formation of collagen.

What is the ulna?

Inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on the side of the little finger.

What are certified colors?

Inorganic color agents also known as metal salts; listed on ingredient labels as D&C (drug and cosmetic).

What are lakes?

Insoluble pigments made by combining a dye with an inorganic material.

Stress, lifestyle, attitudes, free radicals in the body, dehydration, vitamin deficiency, improper nutrition, alcohol, caffeine, genetics, hormones, puberty, pregnancy, and menopause are all examples of what type of effects on the skin?

Internal/intrinsic

What is Ultraviolet light (UV)?

Invisible light that has a short wavelength (giving it higher energy), is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly than visible light, produces less heat than visible light and kills germs.

What is infrared light?

Invisible light with longer wavelengths, deeper penetration, less energy, and more heat production than visible light; makes up 60% of natural sunlight.

What can microcurrent be used for?

Iontophoresis, firming, toning, and soothing skin; help heal inflamed tissue (acne).

What are examples of chemical properties?

Iron rusting, wood burning, hair to change color from hair-dye, and hydrogen peroxide.

What are the side effects of retinoic?

Irritation, photosensitivity, skin dryness, redness, and peeling.

How does microcurrent work?

It does not travel through the entire body; it serves only the specific area being treated.

Why can sensitive skin be difficult to treat?

It has a low tolerance for products and stimulation.

What is the fifth step when consulting your client after a service?

It is important to have products available for the client that you believe in and that produce results.

What are nonporous items?

Items made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids.

What is seaweed known for?

Its humectant and moisturizing properties, vitamin content, metabolism stimulation and detoxification, and aiding skin firmness.

What should you do if you are having a bad day?

Keep it to yourself.

What causes asphyxiated skin?

Lack of oxygen.

What are solar comedones?

Large blackhead, usually around the eyes, due to sun exposure.

What size should the treatment room or area be?

Large enough to ensure proper movement of the esthetician in the space.

Where on the face of a client with combination skin are the follicles medium to larger?

Larger in the T-zone.

What is the stratum spinosum?

Layer of the epidermis above the stratum germinativum layer containing desmosomes, the intercellular connections made of proteins.

What is the stratum granulosum?

Layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replace cells shed from the stratum corneum.

What do state agencies regulate for the beauty and wellness professions?

Licensing.

What is invisible light?

Light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.

What are the general characteristics of a Fitzpatrick Type 4?

Light brown skin; dark eyes and hair; tans easily, burns minimally, experiences immediate pigment response.

What is high-energy visible light (HEV)?

Light emitting from electronic devises, reported to penetrate the skin more deeply than UV rays; damages collagen, hyaluronic acid and elastin.

What are the general characteristics of a Fitzpatrick Type 2?

Light skinned; blue, hazel or brown eyes; red, blonde or brown hair; burns easily, usually peels, tans minimally.

What is the ethmoid bone?

Light, spongy bone between the eye sockets that forms part of the nasal cavities.

What type of products should you use on clients with oily and combination skin?

Light, water-based products.

What are wrinkles?

Lines and damage from internal or external causes.

What is the intercellular matrix?

Lipid substances between corner cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation.

What type of ingredient is used to improve the hydration, plumpness and smoothness of the skin?

Lipids.

The tail of a surfactant is what?

Lipophilic.

What does miscible mean?

Liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning they an be mixed together to form stable solutions.

What does immiscible mean?

Liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions.

What is the smaller occipital nerve (lesser occipital nerve)?

Located at the base of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear.

What are lymph vessels?

Located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste.

What is the mandible?

Lower jawbone; largest and strongest bone of the face.

What is mineral oil?

Lubricant derived from petroleum.

What products coat the skin and reduce friction?

Lubricants.

What do emollients do?

Lubricate the skin's surface.

What type of equipment is used to analyze the skin and to perform detail work such as tweezing?

Magnifying lamp.

What is the best tool for analyzing the skin?

Magnifying lamp/light; a Woods lamp.

What are eye creams formulated to do?

Maintain healthy skin around the area which has the most delicate skin on the entire body.

How is normal skin treated?

Maintenance and prevention treatments

What should you do when draping a client's hair?

Make sure all strands are tucked under the towel, that the earlobes are not bent, and that the towel isn't wrapped too tightly.

What is palpation?

Manual manipulation of tissue by touching to make an assessment of its condition.

What are extractions?

Manual removal of impurities and comedones.

What homecare product should be used on a weekly basis?

Masks.

What is flammable?

Material that is capable of igniting and burning, and easier to ignite than combustible material.

What is combustible?

Material that is capable of igniting and burning.

Green tea, caviar and retinol are known to be beneficial for what type of skin?

Mature skin.

What is a waveform?

Measurement of the distance between two wavelengths.

Darker skin types have more what to produce more melanin than lighter skin types?

Melanocytes

What is the dermal papillae?

Membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the epidermis; contains nerve endings and supplies nourishment through capillaries to skin and follicles.

What is zinc oxide?

Mineral physical sunscreen ingredient that reflects UVA and UVB rays; also used to protect, soothe, and heal the skin; is somewhat astringent, antiseptic and antimicrobial.

Where are noncertified colors obtained from?

Mineral, plant or animal sources.

Oil and hydration on dry skin are considered to be what?

Minimal production; minimal production.

What does water soluble mean?

Mixable with water.

Oil and hydration on combination skin is considered to be what?

Moderate to high; good to dehydrated.

Oil and hydration on oily skin are considered to be what?

Moderate to high; good to dehydrated.

A client with oily skin has what size follicles?

Moderate to large.

What are the benefits of applying warm towels to a client's face?

Moistens the skin, prepares the client for your touch, promotes more effective cleansing.

What kind of base are sunscreens commonly formulated in?

Moisturizing.

What is the definition of Ethics?

Moral Principles by which we live and work.

What is origin?

More fixed part of the muscle closest to the skeleton, which flexes but remains stationary (does not move).

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Most common and the least severe type of skin cancer, which often appears as light, pearly nodules; characteristics include sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border.

What is peristalsis?

Moving food along the digestive tract.

What type of products and skin care routines do men prefer?

Multipurpose.

What is the sternocleidomastoid (SCM)?

Muscle of the neck that depresses and rotates the head.

What is the trapezius?

Muscle that covers the back of the neck, shoulders, and upper/middle region of the back; shrugs shoulders; stabilizes the scapula.

What is the procerus?

Muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, depresses the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose.

What are the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor?

Muscles of the chest that assist the swinging movements of the arm.

What is abduction?

Muscles that draw a body part (finger, arm, or toe) away from the midline of the body or of an extremity.

What is adduction?

Muscles that draw a body part (finger, arm, or toe) inward to the median axis of the body or of an extremity.

What are biceps?

Muscles that produce the contour of the front and inner side of the arm; they lift the forearm, flex the elbow and turn the palms outward.

What is the heart?

Muscular cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system.

What is the diaphragm?

Muscular wall that separates the thorax from the abdominal region and helps control breathing.

How should the treatment room provide ventilation?

Must be functioning and calibrated for two or more people.

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

Name given to all of the forms of energy (or radiation) that exist.

What is papaya?

Natural enzyme used for exfoliation and in enzyme peels.

What is retinol?

Natural form of vitamin A; stimulates cell repair and helps to normalize skin cells by generating new cells.

What is a cathode?

Negative electrode of an electrotherapy device; usually black and is marked with an N or a minus (-) sign.

What is the temporal nerve?

Nerve affecting the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid and upper part of the cheek.

What is the greater auricular nerve?

Nerve at the sides of the neck affecting the face, ears, neck and parotid gland.

What is the greater occipital nerve?

Nerve located in the back of the head, affects the scalp as far up as the top of the head.

What is the auriculotemporal nerve?

Nerve that affects the external ear and skin above the temple, up to the top of the skull.

What is the infratrochlear nerve?

Nerve that affects the membrane and skin of the nose.

What is the posterior auricular nerve?

Nerve that affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull.

What is the nasal nerve?

Nerve that affects the point and lower sides of the nose.

What is the supratrochlear nerve?

Nerve that affects the skin between the eyes and upper side of the nose.

What is the supraorbital nerve?

Nerve that affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow and upper eyelid.

What is the mental nerve?

Nerve that affects the skin of the lower lip and chin.

What is the zygomatic nerve?

Nerve that affects the skin of the temple, side of the forehead, and upper part of the cheek.

What are cervical nerves?

Nerves that originate at the spinal cord, whose branches supply the muscles and scalp at the back of the head and neck; affect the side of the neck and the platysma muscle.

What type of color agent is not subject to FDA batch certification requirements?

Noncertified colors.

Oil-free does not mean what?

Noncomedogenic.

How are skin types categorized?

Normal, combination, oily, dry.

Treatment creams are also known as what?

Nourishing creams.

What are proteins?

Nutrients important for building muscle and blood tissues and for cell repair and replacement.

What are carbohydrates?

Nutrients needed for energy to run every function within the body.

What are fats?

Nutrients needed for many body functions, including hormones, sebum production, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

What are vitamins?

Nutrients required for many body functions to occur, including normal metabolism.

What are minerals?

Nutrients used by cells to produce important biochemicals that have many body functions.

What is blood?

Nutritive fluid circulating through the cardiovascular system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them.

Which standards address issues relating to your right to know about any potentially hazardous ingredients contained in the products and how to avoid these hazards?

OSHA Standards.

What should you do at the end of a facial service?

Offer to assist the client in getting off the table.

What do emulsifiers cause to mix in order to form an emulsion?

Oil and water.

What is an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion?

Oil droplets emulsified in water; less greasy feeling

What is sebum?

Oil that provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair.

What is jojoba?

Oil widely used in cosmetics; extracted from the bean-like seeds of a desert shrub; used as a lubricant and noncomedogenic emollient and moisturizer.

How is dry skin treated?

Oil-based products to provide protection of the acid mantle and increase the barrier function; treatments to provide nourishment and protection.

Darker skin types are considered to be what in comparison to lighter skin types?

Oilier and thicker, but can have the same level of reactivity.

What does combination skin feel like?

Oilier in center T-zone than sides of face.

What are essential oils?

Oils derived from herbs; have many different properties and effects on the skin and psyche.

Where should you place your supplies when setting up the treatment room?

On a clean towel.

Where should you put a single-use item if you need to set it down while using it?

On a paper towel.

When are cold towels appropriate for use?

On clients with sensitive skin.

What are the kidneys?

One of the body organs which supports the excretory system by eliminating water and waste products.

What are parabens?

One of the most commonly used groups of preservatives in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries; provide bacteriostatic and fungistatic activity against diverse organisms.

What is methylparaben?

One of the most frequently used preservatives because of its very low sensitizing potential; combats bacteria and molds; noncomedogenic.

What is the masseter?

One of the muscles that coordinate with the temporals, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid muscles to open and close the mouth and bring the jaw forward; sometimes referred to as chewing muscles.

What is an inactive electrode?

Opposite pole from the active electrode.

What are parasites?

Organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or inside another organism (the host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism; must have a host to survive.

What is the epidermis?

Outermost layer of skin; a thin protective layer with many cells, mechanisms, and nerve endings; is made up of five layers.

What is the stratum corneum?

Outermost layer of the epidermis, composed of corneocytes.

What is the cranium?

Oval, bony case that protects the brain.

What causes oily skin?

Overproduction of oil due to genetics, hormonal changes, medication, stress, or environmental factors; Overexfoliation can be a cause as sebaceous glands work to increase surface dryness.

What causes combination skin?

Overproduction of oil in the T-zone.

What is the metacarpus?

Palm; consists of 5 long, slender bones.

What are viruses?

Parasitic submicroscopic particles that infect and reside in cells of biological organisms.

What is the cell membrane?

Part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave the cell.

What is the brain?

Part of the central nervous system contained in the cranium; largest and most complex nerve tissue; controls sensation, muscles, glandular activity and the power to think and feel.

What is exfoliation?

Peeling or sloughing the outer layer of skin.

What is the second step for an acne procedure?

Perform deep cleansing.

What is the seventh step for an acne procedure?

Perform extractions.

What is the twelfth step in an acne procedure?

Perform galvanic or high-frequency treatment.

What is the sixth step for an acne procedure?

Perform shoulder massage and apply and remove mask.

Disinfectants are ___________ and can be harmful if absorbed through the skin.

Pesticides.

What is an example of an inverter?

Phone charger in a car.

What is the skeletal system?

Physical foundation of the body, composed of the bones and movable and immovable joints.

What do herbs contain and why are they used in skin care products and cosmetics?

Phytohormones; they heal, stimulate, soothe, and moisturize.

What are melanosomes?

Pigment carrying granules that produce melanin.

What is actinic keratosis?

Pink or flesh-colored precancerous lesions that feel sharp or rough; resulting from sun damage.

What should you do first when preparing the treatment table?

Place clean linens neatly on the table.

What are phthalates?

Placticizers used in skin care formulas to moisturize and soften skin, and to dissolve or blend ingredients.

What is the first step in performing services?

Planning and preparing the treatment room for clients.

What is chamomile?

Plant extract with calming and soothing properties.

What is Aloe Vera?

Popular botanical used in cosmetic formulations; emollient and humectant with hydrating, softening, healing, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

What is the spinal cord?

Portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk and is protected by the spinal column.

What is an anode?

Positive electrode of an electrotherapy device; usually red and is marked with a P or a plus (+) sign.

What is polarity?

Positive or negative poles of an electric current.

What is the thirteenth step for an acne procedure?

Post-treatment consultation.

What is pH?

Potential Hydrogen; represents the quantity of hydrogen ions.

What is coenzyme Q10?

Powerful antioxidant that protects and revitalizes skin cells.

What is a fuse?

Prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

What is not vital to creating a relaxing, professional atmosphere?

Prices.

What are extrinsic factors?

Primarily environmental factors that contribute to aging and the appearance of aging.

What is the fifth step for an acne procedure?

Proceed with desincrustation.

What is cataphoresis?

Process of fusing an acidic (positive) product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole.

What is anaphoresis?

Process of infusing an alkaline (negative) product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.

What is iontophoresis?

Process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine.

What are exocrine (duct) glands?

Produce a substance that travels though small, tubelike ducts, sweat and oil glands of the skin belong to this group.

What else should be heated in a towel warmer?

Product bowl.

What are moisturizers?

Products formulated to add moisture to the skin.

What are unscented products?

Products formulated to have no smell; because most ingredients in a formulation do have an odor, more ingredients have to be added to neutralize the smell.

What are quaternary ammonium compounds (Quats)?

Products made of quaternary ammonium cations and are designed for disinfection of nonporous surfaces; they are appropriate for use in noncritical (noninvasive) environments and are effective against most pathogens of concern in the salon, spa, or barbershop environment.

What are mechanical exfoliants?

Products used as a physical method of polishing dead skin cells off the skin.

Why is educating clients on healthy habits and the causes of skin conditions part of the service?

Products, ingredients, different types of facials, and a home care regimen for preventative maintenance are all beneficial in caring for the skin.

The facility and treatment rooms should all be what?

Professional looking and clutter free.

Being prepared helps you do what?

Project a calm, confident image.

What is overexposure?

Prolonged, repeated, or long-term exposure that can cause sensitivity.

What does massage do?

Promotes physiological relaxation, increases circulation and metabolism, and increases product penetration.

What does exfoliation do?

Promotes stimulation.

What do all skin types need?

Proper cleansing, exfoliating, hydrating, and protecting.

What are sebaceous glands?

Protect the surface of the skin; appendages connected to follicles; oil

What is the barrier function?

Protective barrier of the epidermis; the corner and intercellular matrix protect the surface from irritation and dehydration.

What is epithelial tissue?

Protective covering on body surfaces, such as the skin, mucous membranes, and lining of the heart; digestive and respiratory organs; and glands.

What is a ground fault interrupter?

Protects from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit and when there is a leak in the circuit.

What is elastin?

Protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness.

What are tuberculocidal disinfectants?

Proven to kill the bacterium that cause tuberculosis, in addition to other pathogens destroyed through the use of hospital disinfectants; (phenolics)

What do enzymes do?

Provide gentle exfoliation and dissolve keratin proteins within dead skin cells on the surface.

What is body dysmorphic disorder?

Psychological disorder in which the client has a preoccupation with their appearance; they tend to fixate on minor appearance imperfections and see them as disfiguring.

What is Staphylococci (Staph)?

Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes; causes abscesses, pustules and boils.

What is a good description of the way you should work with clients?

Quietly and efficiently.

What are the forms of energy in the electromagnetic spectrum?

Radio waves, microwaves, light waves, X-rays and gamma rays.

What is alternating current?

Rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second.

What is combustion?

Rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light. (lighting a match)

What may be more challenging to see on darker skin, but may also be just as intense as those on lighter skin?

Reactions

What is the most effective method to develop a long-term relationship with a client?

Recommending one or two products at first, based on a client's primary concerns.

Freeze-dried collagen masks are beneficial to what type of skin?

Redness or sensitive skin.

What does couperose mean?

Redness; capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels; commonly seen with telangiectasia.

What is Hypertrichosis?

Refers to any excess hair growth, whether it is caused from a hormonal imbalance or heredity.

Define hypoallergenic.

Refers to ingredients or products that may be less likely to cause allergic reactions.

What is vasconstriction?

Refers to something that causes vascular constriction of capillaries and reduced blood flow.

How is oily skin treated?

Regular cleansing and exfoliation and hydrating with water-based products; treatments to balance oil production.

What are the parathyroid glands?

Regulate blood calcium and phosphorus levels so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly.

What does the FDA do?

Regulates cosmetics only in the areas of safety, labeling, and the claims made for a product; do not require approval of cosmetics before their manufacture or sale.

What can you help clients do by speaking to them in a quiet and professional manner?

Relax.

What are the components of creating a relaxing, professional atmosphere in the treatment area?

Relaxing music, calming scents, and a comfortable temperature.

A spa environment is usually more what compared to a clinical one?

Relaxing.

What is the digestive (gastrointestinal) system?

Responsible for breaking down foods into nutrients and wastes; consists of the mouth, stomach, intestines, salivary and gastric glands and other organs.

What are multiuse items?

Reusable items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid.

What is the orbicularis oculi?

Ring muscle of the eye socket; closes the eyelid.

Dry skin feels like what?

Rough, thin, tight.

What is ideal for treatment rooms?

Running water (sink) and a separate shower area.

What do the neck and decollete need just as much as the face does?

SPF protection.

What is an example of a physical mixture?

Salt water.

What does the skin eliminate?

Salts and minerals through perspiration.

What is chemistry?

Science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions.

What is Algae?

Seaweed derivatives used as thickening agents, water-binding agents, and antioxidants; also nourishes the skin with vitamins and minerals.

What do the neck and decollete have fewer of on the face that tends to show aging more quickly?

Sebaceous glands.

What is the pancreas?

Secretes enzyme-producing cells that are responsible for digesting carbs, proteins and fats.

What are hormones?

Secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or body fluid to another part of the body, or a body organ, to stimulate functional activity or secretion, such as insulin, adrenaline and estrogen.

What is pulmonary circulation?

Sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be purified, then back to the heart again.

What is primarily a condition and not a skin type?

Sensitive skin.

What is photosensitivity?

Sensitivity to the sun from medications or products.

What are receptors?

Sensory nerve endings located close to the surface of the skin.

What is the ulnar nerve?

Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, affects the little-finger side of the arm and palm of the hand.

What is the digital nerve?

Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the fingers.

What is the radial nerve?

Sensory-motor nerve that, with its branches, supplies the thumb side of the arm and back of the hand.

What is the fourth step when consulting your client after a service?

Set out the products you want the client to purchase and use.

What should you do when greeting clients?

Shake their hands firmly and sincerely.

A red labeled, puncture-proof biohazard receptacle for disposal of lancets is called what?

Sharps container.

What does oily skin look like?

Shiny; comedones and blemishes may be present.

What is the scapula?

Shoulder blade; the large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder.

What is asympotimatic?

Showing no symptoms or signs of infection.

What is bacteria?

Single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some are harmful and some are harmless.

What is fungi?

Single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and include molds, mildews, and yeasts; they can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm.

What are the key structural features to look for in a skin care treatment room or area?

Size, proper ventilation, electrical outlets, running water,washable flooring and workstation surfaces, proper lighting.

What should you perform on the skin immediately after cleansing?

Skin analysis.

What is an example of an emulsion?

Skin cream.

What are intrinsic factors?

Skin-aging factors over which we have little control because they are a part of our genetics and familial heredity.

What is kjoic acid?

Skin-brightening agent.

What are glycoproteins?

Skin-conditioning agents derived from carbohydrates and proteins that enhance cellular metabolism and wound healing.

What are arterioles?

Small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries.

What are venules?

Small vessels that connect the capillaries to veins; collect blood from the capillaries and drain it into the veins.

What are arrector pili muscles?

Small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose flesh when the appendage contracts.

What is the median nerve?

Smaller sensory-motor nerve than the ulnar and radial nerves; with its branches, it supplies the arm and the hand.

What are olfactory nerves?

Smell receptors in the nose that communicate with parts of the brain that serve as storehouses for emotions and memories.

What are cleansers?

Soaps or detergents that clean the skin.

What are examples of ingredients that are used to adjust the pH of products?

Sodium hydroxide and citric acid.

What does normal skin feel like?

Soft, smooth texture; good elasticity.

What does warmth do when applied to the skin?

Softens the follicles, promotes more effective cleansing, prepares the skin for extractions or product penetration, softens superficial lines and increases circulation.

What is an example of a physical change?

Solid ice melting to water.

What is tea tree oil?

Soothing and antiseptic; antifungal properties.

What is adipose tissue?

Specalized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body.

What are silicones?

Special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers.

What are glands?

Specialized organs that remove certain elements from the blood to convert them into new compounds.

What are the lungs?

Spongy tissues composed of microscopic cells in which inhaled air is exchanged for carbon dioxide during one respiratory cycle.

What are vehicles?

Spreading agents and ingredients that carry or deliver other ingredients into the skin and make them more effective.

Nonsetting masks are designed to do what?

Stay moist and more hydrating.

What is the fourth step for an acne procedure?

Steam and apply serum.

What could be used to help clients get on and off the treatment bed safely?

Step stool.

What are the benefits of the Tesla high-frequency current?

Stimulates blood circulation, increases elimination and absorption, increases skin metabolism, improves germicidal action, relieves skin congestion.

What is the epidermal growth factor (EGF)?

Stimulates cells to reproduce and heal.

What is not a component of creating a relaxing, professional atmosphere in the treatment area?

Stimulating scents.

What are the benefits of facial treatments?

Stimulating the skin functions and metabolism; slowing down premature aging; helping to clear up blemishes and minor acne.

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

Stratum germinativum, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.

What is the brain stem?

Structure that connects the spinal cord to the brain.

What are organs?

Structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals.

What are electrons?

Subatomic particles with a negative charge.

What are protons?

Subatomic particles with a positive charge.

What are neutrons?

Subatomic particles with no charge.

What are healing botanicals?

Substances from plants such as chamomile, aloe, plant stem cells, and botanical oils that help heal the skin.

What are color agents?

Substances such as vegetable, pigment or mineral dyes that give products color.

What are antibiotics?

Substances that kill or slow the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.

What does incompatible mean?

Substances that should not be mixed or even stored near each other.

What are catalysts?

Substances that speed up chemical reactions.

Hyperpigmentation is a result from what?

Sun damage.

What is the main external/extrinsic cause of aging?

Sun damage.

What slows down hyperpigmentation?

Sun protection.

What is the dermis?

Support layer of connective tissue, collage, and elastin below the epidermis.

What is vitamin A?

Supports the overall health of the skin and aids in the health, function, and repair of skin cells; has been shown to improve the skin's elasticity and thickness.

What are emulsifiers?

Surfactants that cause oil and water to mix to form an emulsion.

What do immiscible liquids form when combined?

Suspensions.

What are eccrine glands?

Sweat glands found all over the body with openings on the skin's surface through pores; not attached to hair follicles, secretions do not produce an offensive odor.

What is glycerin?

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams.

What is glycerin?

Sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams; excellent skin softener and humectant; very strong water binder.

What is a circuit breaker?

Switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of overload.

What is the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

System of nerves that connects the peripheral (outer) part of the body to the central nervous system; has both sensory and motor nerves; carries impulses/messages to and from the central nervous system.

What is the circulatory (cardiovascular) system?

System that controls the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart and blood vessels.

What are delivery systems?

Systems that deliver ingredients to specific tissues of the epidermis.

What is recommended to try and make male clients feel comfortable?

Tactfully assuring them that it is normal for men to have spa services and by conducting the consultation in private.

How do you test skin for elasticity?

Take a small section of the facial skin or neck between the thumb and forefinger and giving the skin a slight outward pull.

A new phenomenon caused by the repeated movement of looking down at a cell phone is called what?

Tech Neck.

What is noticeable on sensitive skin?

Telangiectasia or couperose skin conditions which appear as red, distended capillaries.

Define organic.

Term used to describe natural-sourced ingredients that are grown without the use of pesticides or chemicals.

Define cruelty-free.

Term used to describe products that are not tested on animals at any stage of the production process; nor are any of its ingredients tested on animals.

What are the auricularis muscles?

The 3 muscles of the ear that work together to move the ear upward, forward or backward.

What is the cervical vertebrae?

The 7 bones of the top part of the vertebral column, located in the neck region.

What is efficacy?

The ability of a product to produce the intended effect; on a disinfectant label, it indicates specific pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly.

What is immunity?

The ability of the body to resist and destroy pathogens and respond to infection.

What is light therapy (phototherapy)?

The application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

What is deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)?

The blueprint material of genetic information; contains all the information that controls the function of every living cell.

What are phalanges (digits)?

The bones in the fingers; 3 in each finger and 2 in each thumb, totaling 14 bones.

What is the epicranius?

The broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitals and frontalis.

What is the T-zone?

The center area of the face, formed by the forehead, nose and chin.

What is the nucleus?

The central part, core. In histology the ease, active protoplasm found in the center of a eukaryotic cell that acts as the genetic controls center; plays an important role in cell reproduction and metabolism.

What is the fifth cranial nerve?

The chief sensory nerve of the face; serves as the motor nerve of the muscles that control chewing; consists of three branches.

Why is the client consent form important?

The client reads and signs the document, acknowledge that they understand what is being done to them as well as the risks involved in the treatment and releasing you from liability before you perform the services.

What is the glabella?

The corrector and procerus muscles; considered an area or region between the eyebrows at the top of the nose, and/or on the frontal bone; not specifically a muscle or bone.

What is tyrosinase?

The enzyme that stimulates melanocytes and thus produces melanin.

What is the orbicularis oris?

The flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, puckers and wrinkles the lips.

What is the like-dissolves-like rule?

The hydrophilic head dissolves in water and the lipophilic tail dissolves in oil; A surfactant molecule mixes with and dissolves in both water and oil, temporarily joining them together to form an emulsion.

What is infection?

The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.

What is the aorta?

The material trunk that carries blood from the heart to be distributed by branch arteries through the body; largest artery in the body.

What is infection control?

The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms from one individual to another.

What is the belly?

The middle part of the muscle.

What is electricity?

The movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor.

What is the triangularis? (depressor anguli oris)

The muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth.

What is the corrugator?

The muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbiculares oculi; draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically.

What is the risorius?

The muscle that draws the corners of the mouth out and back when grinning.

What is the mentalis?

The muscle that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin.

What is the levator anguli oris?

The muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward.

What is water?

The nutrient necessary for virtually every function of the cells and body.

What is visible light?

The part of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen; makes up only 35 percent of natural sunlight.

What is insertion?

The part of the muscle that is the movable attachment and farthest from the skeleton.

What is the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary muscles; regulates the action of the smooth. muscles, glands, blood vessels and heart.

What is a complete electric circuit?

The path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source.

What is contamination?

The presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair and skin.

What is nutrition?

The process involved in taking in nutrients and assimilating and utilizing them.

What is sterilization?

The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores.

What is decontamination?

The removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residues such s dust, hair, and skin.

What is ergonomics?

The science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient and safe.

What is neurology?

The scientific study of the structure, function and pathology of the nervous system.

What is ionization?

The separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions.

What is an element?

The simplest form of chemical matter; cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without loss of identity.

What is the integumentary system?

The skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair and nails.

What is the radius?

The smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb.

What are the lacrimal bones?

The smallest and most fragile bones of the face; situated at the front inside part of the eye socket; 2.

What are atoms?

The smallest chemical components of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element.

What are desmosomes?

The structures that assist in holding cells together; intercellular connections made of proteins.

What is physiology?

The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures, including physical and chemical processes.

What is histology?

The study of the structure and composition of tissue.

What is anatomy?

The study of the structures of the human body and the substances these structures are made of.

What is a solvent?

The substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution.

What is a solute?

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

What is the buccinator?

The thin, flat muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips, as in when blowing a whistle.

What is absorption?

The transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells.

What is electrotherapy?

The use of electrical currents to treat the skin.

What is aromatherapy?

Therapeutic use of plant aromas and essential oils for beauty and health treatment purposes; involves the use of highly concentrated, nonoily and volatile essential oils to induce such reactions as relaxation and invigoration, or to simply create a pleasant fragrance during a service.

A product should not be used when/if?

There is any reaction within 24 hours.

Modelage masks are what?

Thermal masks that contain crystals of gypsum, and reach approx. 105 degrees F.

What is the Tesla high-frequency current?

Thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.

Why and when would serums be applied during a treatment?

They are concentrated ingredients used for specific corrective treatments and are applied with fingertips under a mask or moisturizer.

Why do Fitzpatrick Skin Types 5 and 6 need more exfoliation and deep pore cleansing?

They are prone to a form of hyperkeratosis (ichthyosis) and dead skin cell build up.

How do synthetic ingredients compare to ingredients derived from nature?

They can be just as effective and may have certain advantages, such as no use of pesticides or not leaving an ecological footprint.

What are arteries?

Thick-walled muscular and flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the capillaries throughout the body.

What are carbombers used for?

Thickening creams and frequently used in gel products.

How does dry/dehydrated skin appear?

Thin and may appear fine in texture, but is actually coarse to the touch.

What is the levator paleprae superioris muscle?

Thin muscle that controls the eyelid and can be easily damaged during makeup application.

What are veins?

Thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries; contain cupcake valves to prevent back flow and carry impure blood from the various capillaries back to the heart and lungs.

What type of flooring and workstation surfaces should a treatment room have?

Tile, stone, re-engineered wood, bamboo or vinyl, while these should be made of nonabsorbent, washable synthetic materials.

What are the main differences between a mini-facial and a basic facial?

Time and number of steps.

SPF is based on what?

Time; how long the product will protect you from UVB rays.

What is melanin?

Tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis; a protein that determines hair, eye and skin color; produced as a defense mechanism to protect skin from the sun.

What are capillaries?

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to venues; bring nutrients to the cells and carry away waste materials.

What is muscle tissue?

Tissue that contracts and moves various parts of the body.

What is nerve tissue?

Tissue that controls and coordinates all body functions.

What is an example of an inorganic physical substance?

Titanium Dioxide.

Why should estheticians study and have a thorough understanding of the treatment room?

To provide a consistent, comfortable, relaxing and clean environment for clients; a well-stocked and organized room is necessary to function efficiently and provide good service; complying with state board regulations regarding the cleanliness of the treatment rooms assures your and the client's safety; you will feel confident if you're organized and prepared by maintaining a professional appearance and demeanor and an organized environment.

After finishing the service, why do you spend time consulting with your client?

To recommend products and book the next appointment.

A freshener is a type of what?

Toner

A tonic is a type of what?

Toner

An astringent is a type of what?

Toner

What are astringents?

Toners formulated for oily or acne-prone skin that may contain hydroxy acids and various amounts of alcohol; liquids used to remove excess oil from the skin.

What are implements?

Tools used by technicians to perform services.

What is the papillary layer?

Top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis.

Dry skin often has compromised what?

Transepidermal Water Loss

What is indirect transmission?

Transmission of blood or bodily fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.

What is direct transmission?

Transmission of pathogens through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing and talking.

What does ATP do?

Transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism.

Fitzpatrick Skin Type 4 can become hyperpigmented from what?

Treatments or aggressive exfoliating agents.

What holds tools, supplies, and products in the treatment room?

Trolley or utility cart.

What are pores?

Tube-like openings for sweat glands on the epidermis.

What are blood vessels?

Tube-like structures that transport blood to and from the heart, and to various tissues of the body; include arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venues and veins.

What are follicles?

Tubelike openings in the epidermis.

What are phenolic disinfectants?

Tuberculocidal disinfectants that are a form of formaldehyde, have a very high PH, and can damage the skin and eyes.

What should you do first when preparing your equipment?

Turn on the wax heater.

What are the ribs?

Twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax.

How often should moisturizers be used at home?

Twice daily.

What is the nasalis?

Two-part muscle which covers the nose and includes the transverse part and alar part which flair the nostrils.

What are detergents?

Type of surfactants used as cleansers in skin-cleansing products.

What is the hyoid bone?

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.

What are the benefits of green tea?

UV protection, anti-aging, antibacterial, anti-irritant, anti-inflammatory, brightening, soothing, enhances photoprotection.

What causes dry skin?

Underproduction of oil due to genetics, environmental factors, hormones.

Who certifies and approves the safety of electrical appliances?

Underwriters Laboratories (UL).

What does normal skin look like?

Uniform luminosity; no or rare blemishes.

What is a watt?

Unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second?

What is a volt?

Unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor.

What is an ohm?

Unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.

What is an ampere (amp)?

Unit that measures the strength of an electric current.

What are suspensions?

Unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid.

What is the humerus?

Uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder.

How should all chemicals be transported?

Upright and in their original containers; opened or partially used containers should not be transported at all.

When should you avoid waxing, exfoliation, peeling treatments, or stimulating treatments on a client?

Use of skin-thinning or exfoliating topical medications or oral steroids.

What are brushes?

Used for applying and blending powder, blush, and eyeshadows, as they work better than sponge tips or fingers; vary in size, shape, make, use, cost, and longevity; are the artist's most essential tool, as they allow for better control and blending.

When disinfecting the equipment and facial room, what should be disposed of first?

Used supplies.

What are toxins?

Various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses).

What is the internal jugular vein?

Vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck.

What is the external jugular vein?

Vein located on the side of the neck that carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck.

What are the general characteristics of a Fitzpatrick Type 1?

Very fair; blond or red hair; light colored eyes; freckles are common; always burns, peels with burn, does not tan.

A client with normal skin has what sized follicles?

Very small.

How do you identify skin types and conditions?

Visual abilities, palpation, and consultation.

What is retinoic?

Vitamin A derivative that has demonstrated an ability to alter collagen synthesis and is used to treat acne and visible signs of aging.

What is the Acai berry rich in and what does it do?

Vitamins A, B, C and E; protects, replenishes; helps heal damaged skin.

Which vitamins have been shown to have positive effects on the skin's health when taken by mouth?

Vitamins A, C, D and E.

What is the first step for an acne procedure?

Wash hands and put on gloves.

What does dehydrated skin lack?

Water

What is an example of a miscible solution?

Water and alcohol (nail polish remover).

What is an example of an immiscible solution?

Water and oil.

What is a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion?

Water droplets emulsified in oil; feel greasier

What is transepidermal water loss (TEWL)?

Water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface.

What are cleansing gels?

Water-based foaming cleansers that are generally the most popular type of cleanser and may be formulated for all skin types.

What is recommended for combination skin?

Water-based products.

What kind of vitamins are C and B-complex?

Water-soluble vitamins that the body uses and loses quickly, so they must be replenished regularly.

What is known as the universal solvent because it has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other solvent?

Water.

What is an electric warming device usually kept activated during the day for walk-ins or unexpected requests?

Wax heater.

Paraffin masks are what?

Wax masks used to warm the skin and promote penetration of ingredients deeper into the skin through heat trapped

What are acid-alkali neutralization reactions?

When acids are mixed with alkalis in equal proportions, balancing the total pH and forming water and a salt.

What is flexion?

When muscles move to pull the body part toward the core of the body, such as when the biceps of the arm are activated toward the body.

What does supinate mean?

When muscles rotate.

What is extension?

When muscles straighten.

What does pronate mean?

When muscles turn inward.

What are leukocytes?

White blood cells that have enzymes to digest and kill bacteria and parasites; also respond to allergies.

What are nerves?

Whitish cords made up of bundles of nerve fibers held together by connective tissue, through which impulses are transmitted.

What is the carpus?

Wrist; a flexible joint composed of 8 small, irregular bones held together by ligaments.

What are glycoproteins derived from?

Yeast

What should you not use to remove products from the client's skin?

Your fingers.

What is tinea?

a contagious condition caused by fungal infection and not a parasite; characterized by itching, scales, and, sometimes, painful lesions.

What is tinea corporis?

a contagious infection that forms a ringed, red pattern with elevated edges; ringworm

What is dermatillomania?

a form of OCD in which the person picks at their skin to the point of injury, infection, or scarring; finds the picking stress relieving and not painful; it can often be socially isolating because severe cases can be disfiguring.

What is onychomycosis?

a fungal infection that produces symptoms of thick, brittle, discolored nails; the fungus lives off the keratin in the nails.

What is candelilla?

a hard wax used to modify the melting point and provide increased strength to hard depilatory wax.

What is carnauba?

a hard wax used to modify the melting point and provide increased strength to hard depilatory wax.

What is cake makeup?

a heavy-coverage makeup pressed into a compact and applied to the face with a moistened cosmetic sponge.

What is blend?

a modality of electrolysis combining alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC).

What is herpes zoster?

a painful viral infection skin condition from the chickenpox virus; characterized by groups of blisters that form a rash in a ring or line.

What is rosin?

a resin used in the manufacture of soft wax.

What is Poikiloderma of Civatte?

a skin condition caused by actinic bronzing (chronic sun exposure) to the sides of the face and neck. The skin turns a reddish-brown hue with a distinct white patch under the chin; benign.

What is sinusoidal current?

a smooth, repetitive alternating current; the most commonly used alternating current waveform, used in the high frequency machine and can produce heat.

What is foundation?

a tinted cosmetic used to even out skin tone and color, conceal imperfections, and protect skin.

What is a brow comb?

a tool used to brush eyebrow hairs into the desired position, creating a finely groomed look; in addition to the comb itself, many brow combs have a brush on one side.

What is hypertrophy?

abnormal growth of the skin; many are benign, or harmless.

What is a tubercle?

abnormal rounded, solid lump; larger than a papule.

What is keratosis?

abnormally thick build up of cells.

What is hypopigmentation?

absence of pigment, resulting in light or white splotches.

What is perioral dermatitis?

acne-like condition around the mouth. These are mainly small clusters of papules that could be caused by toothpaste or products used on the face.

What is teratoma?

acquired, superficial, thickened patch of epidermis.

What is militia rubra?

acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands resulting in the eruption of red vesicles and burning, itching skin from excessive heat exposure.

What is threading?

also known as banding; method of hair removal; cotton thread is twisted and rolled along the surface of the skin, entwining hair in the thread and lifting it out of the follicle.

What is value?

also known as brightness of a color; how light or dark it is, which depends on the amount of light emanating from the color

What is tone?

also known as hue; in terms of skin, this is a term used to describe the warmth or coolness of a color; generally classified as light, medium, or dark

What is villus hair?

also known as lanugo hair; short, fine, unpigmented downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.

What is telogen?

also known as resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed.

What is gum rosin?

an additive in soft wax.

What is lip conditioner?

an application such as a lip moisturizer that is put on when starting the makeup application, so it can soak in and moisturize before starting to apply the liner; a primer, foundation, or plumper can be applied prior to the lip color.

What is the hair root?

anchors hair to the skin cells and is part of the hair located at the bottom of the follicle below the surface of the skin; part of the hair that lies within the follicle at its base, where the hair grows.

What is sugaring?

ancient method of hair removal. The original recipe is a mixture of sugar, lemon juice, and water that is heated to form syrup, molded into a ball, and pressed onto the skin and then quickly stripped away.

What is a hue?

any color in its purest form, lacking any black (shade) or white (tint); represents just one dimension of a particular color

What is dermatitis?

any inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms of lesions, such as eczema, vesicles, or papules; the three main categories are atopic, contact, and seborrheic.

What is sebaceous hyperplasia?

benign lesions frequently seen in oilier areas of the face. An overgrowth of the sebaceous gland, they appear similar to open comedones; often doughnut-shaped, with sebaceous material in the center.

What is a nevus?

birthmark; malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capillaries.

What is an open comedo?

blackhead when open and exposed to oxygen.

What is a furuncle?

boil; a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus; caused by bacteria in the glands or hair follicles.

What is the sternum?

breastbone; the flat bone that forms the ventral (front) support of the ribs.

What is lip gloss?

can give a shiny, moisturized look to the lips.

What are melanocytes?

cells that produce skin pigment granules in the basal layer.

What are primary lesions?

characterized by flat, nonpalpable changes in skin color such as macules or patches, or an elevation formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles, bullae, or pustules.

What is saponification?

chemical reaction during desincrustation where the current transforms the sebum into soap.

What is stasis dermatitis?

chronic inflammatory state in the legs due to poor circulation; the legs may sometimes have ulcerations, along with scaly skin, itching, and hyperpigmentation

What is a cyst?

closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin.

What is a carbuncle?

cluster of boils; large inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci bacterium; similar to a furuncle (boil) but larger.

What are lip liners?

colored pencils used to line and define the lips.

What are secondary colors?

colors obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors.

What are analogous colors?

colors that are located directly next to each other on the color wheel.

What are neutral colors?

colors that do not complement or contrast any other color; examples include brown and gray, along with multiple variations of each.

What are cool colors?

colors with a blue undertone that suggest coolness and are dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue-reds.

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

common form of eczema; mainly affects oily areas; characterized by inflammation, scaling, and/or itching

What is impetigo?

contagious bacterial infection often occurring in children; characterized by clusters of small blisters or crusty lesions.

What is permanent makeup?

cosmetic implantation technique that deposits colored pigment into the upper reticular layer of the dermis, similar to tattooing.

What are concealers?

cosmetics used to cover blemishes and discolorations; may be applied before or after foundation.

What is a fissure?

crack in the skin that penetrates the dermis. Chapped lips or hands.

What is post inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH)?

darkened pigmentation due to an injury to the skin or the residual healing after an acne lesion has resolved; often deep red, purple, or brown in appearance.

What is a crust?

dead cells form over a wound or blemish while it is healing, resulting in an accumulation of sebum and pus, sometimes mixed with epidermal material; scab on a sore

What is high-definition makeup?

designed to be invisible when using high-definition cameras; formulated with super-fine microparticles that blend into the skin to provide a flawless complexion.

What is a vacuum machine?

device that vacuums/suctions the skin to remove impurities and stimulate circulation.

A client with dry skin has what size follicles?

difficult to visualize, fine pores.

What is galvanic electrolysis?

direct current (DC) utilized in electrolysis.

What are milia?

epidermal cysts; small, firm papules with no visible opening; whitish, pearl-like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin; more common in dry skin types and may form after skin trauma, such as a laser resurfacing

What is hyperhidrosis?

excessive perspiration caused by heat, genetics, medications, or medical conditions; also called diaphoresis.

What is diaphoresis?

excessive perspiration due to a medical condition.

What is anagen?

first stage of hair growth during which new hair is produced.

What is a scale?

flaky skin cells; any thin plate of epidermal flakes, dry or oily; abnormal or excessive dandruff.

What is a macule?

flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle; neither raised nor sunken.

What are lentigo?

freckles; small yellow-brown colored spots; ones that result from sunlight exposure are actinic, or solar; patches are referred to as large macules

What are ephelids?

freckles; tiny round or oval pigmented areas of skin on areas exposed to the sun. Also referred to as macules, they are small flat colored spots on the skin.

What is thermolysis?

heat effect; used for permanent hair removal.

What is greasepaint?

heavy makeup used for theatrical purposes.

What is retention hyperkeratosis?

hereditary factor in which dead skin cells build up and do not shed from the follicles as they do on normal skin.

What is urticaria?

hives; caused by an allergic reaction from the body's histamine production

What is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?

hormonal condition that impacts women in child bearing years believed to have a genetic component; symptoms include acne, thinning hair in a male hair growth pattern of baldness as in sparse hair density at the front and top of the scalp. It also causes abnormal hair growth on the face, arms, thighs, neck, and breasts.

What is verruca?

hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis caused by a virus. It is infectious and contagious.

What is irritant contact dermatitis?

inflammatory skin condition cause by contact or exposure to irritants.

What is allergic contact dermatitis?

inflammatory skin condition caused by contact or exposure to allergens.

What is contact dermatitis?

inflammatory skin condition caused by contact with a substance or chemical.

What is eczema?

inflammatory, painful itching disease of the skin, acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This condition should be referred to a physician.

What are tertiary colors?

intermediate color achieved by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel in equal amounts.

What is a wheal?

itchy, swollen lesion caused by a blow, insect bite, skin allergy reaction, or stings.

What is a bulla?

large blister containing watery fluid; similar to a vesicle, but larger.

What is a tumor?

large nodule; an abnormal cell mass resulting from excessive cell multiplication and varying in size, shape, and color.

What is the latissimus dorsil?

large, flat, triangular muscle covering the lower back.

What is a scar?

light-colored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed up; tissue hardens to heal the injury.

What are primers?

liquids or silicone-based formulas designed to go underneath foundation and other products to prepare the skin for makeup and to help keep the product on the skin; primers provide a smooth surface for the makeup, while keeping product off the skin so that it is not broken down by the natural oils of the skin

What is the vagus nerve?

located in the abdominal cavity, a nerve of the autonomic nervous system.

What is terminal hair?

longer coarse hair that is found on the head, face and body.

What is a rotary brush?

machine used to lightly exfoliate and stimulate the skin; also helps soften excess oil, dirt, and cell buildup.

What is lip color?

makeup that gives color to the face and provides a finish to your makeup design.

What is blush?

makeup that gives the face a natural-looking glow and helps create facial balance.

What are highlighters?

makeup that is lighter than the skin color; accentuate and bring out features such as the brow bone under the eyebrow, the temples, the chin, and the cheekbones.

What are eyeshadows?

makeup used to accentuate and contour the eyes.

What is eyeliner?

makeup used to emphasize the eyes; it is available in pencil, liquid, and pressed (cake) form

What are lesions?

mark, wound, or abnormality; structural changes in tissues caused by damage or injury.

What is the hair follicle?

mass of epidermal cells forming a small tube, or canal; the tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root.

What is a comedo?

mass of hardened sebum and skin cells in a hair follicle.

What are exfoliants?

mechanical and chemical products or processes used to exfoliate the skin.

What is dermatology?

medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment.

What is malignant melanoma?

most serious form of skin cancer as it can spread quickly (metastasize). Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised; may have surface crust or bleed.

What is the cervical cutaneous nerve?

nerve located at the side of the neck that affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breastbone.

What is the buccal nerve?

nerve that affects the muscles of the mouth.

What is an ulcer?

open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth. A deep erosion; a depression in the skin, normally due to infection or cancer/

What is hyperpigmentation?

over-production of pigment.

What are white blood cells?

perform the function of destroying disease causing germs.

What is pruritus?

persistent itching.

What is laser hair removal?

photoepilation hair reduction treatment in which a laser beam is pulsed on the skin using one wavelength at a time, impairing hair growth; an intense pulse of electromagnetic radiation.

What is a dermatologist?

physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.

What is vitiligo?

pigmentation disease characterized by white patches on the skin from lack of pigment cells; made worse by sunlight.

What is a mole?

pigmented nevus; a brownish spot ranging in color from tan to bluish black. Some are flat, resembling freckles; others are raised and darker.

What is a papule?

pimple; small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop pus.

What is the hair shaft?

portion of the hair that extends or projects beyond the skin, consisting of the outer layer (cuticle), inner layer (medulla), and middle layer (cortex). Color changes happen in the cortex.

What are complementary colors?

primary and secondary colors opposite one another on the color wheel.

What is eye tabbing?

procedure in which individual synthetic eyelashes are attached directly to a client's own lashes at their base.

What is depilation?

process of removing hair at skin level.

What are red blood cells?

produced in the red bone marrow; blood cells that carry oxygen from the cells back to the lungs.

What is a pustule?

raised, inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple.

What is keratosis pilaris?

redness and bumpiness common on the cheeks or upper arms; caused by blocked hair follicles; patches of irritation are accompanied by a rough texture and small pinpoint white milia.

What is erythema?

redness caused by inflammation.

What is shade?

refers to degree of saturation; occurs when black is added to a pure hue.

What is tint?

refers to degree of saturation; occurs when white is added to a pure hue.

What is oil based?

refers to foundations that contain mineral oil or other oils.

What is contouring?

refers to makeup colors that are darker shades used to define the cheekbones and make features appear smaller.

What does alcohol-based mean?

refers to makeup with extreme durability that is popular with special effects artists as well as for temporary tattoos; not ideal for prolonged wear as it can exacerbate dry skin.

What does sallow mean?

refers to skin that has a yellowish hue.

What does ruddy mean?

refers to skin that is red, wind burned, or affected by rosacea.

What is saturation?

refers to the pureness of a color or the dominance of hue in a color.

What is electrolysis?

removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the hair root.

What is epilation?

removes hairs from the follicles; waxing or tweezing.

What is pseudofolliculitis?

resembles folliculitis without the pus or infection.

What is trichology?

scientific study of hair and its diseases and care.

What is steatoma?

sebaceous cyst or subcutaneous tumor filled with sebum; ranges in size from a pea to an orange. It usually appears on the scalp, neck, and back; also called a wen.

What is catagen?

second transition stage of hair growth; the hair shaft grows upward and detaches itself from the bulb.

What is seborrhea?

severe oiliness of the skin; an abnormal secretion from the sebaceous glands.

What are sebaceous filaments?

similar to open comedones, these are mainly solidified impactions of oil without the cell matter.

What are secondary lesions?

skin damage, developed in the later stages of disease, that changes the structure of tissues or organs.

What is psoriasis?

skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales. It is caused by an overproliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast. Immune dysfunction could be the cause; usually found in patches on the scalp

What is leukoderma?

skin disorder characterized by light, abnormal patches; causes are congenital, acquired, postinflammation, or other causes that destroy pigment-producing cells; vitiligo and albinism

What is excoriation?

skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping.

What is a vesicle?

small blister or sac containing clear fluid. Poison ivy and poison oak produce these.

What are organelles?

small organs contained in most cells.

What is a skin tag?

small, benign outgrowths or extensions of the skin that look like flaps; common under the arms or on the neck.

What is a spray machine?

spray misting device.

What is herpes simplex virus 1?

strain of the herpes virus that causes fever blisters or cold sores; it is a recurring, contagious viral infection consisting of a vesicle or group of vesicles on a red, swollen base. The blisters usually appear on the lips or nostrils

What is herpes simplex virus 2?

strain of the herpes virus that infects the genitals.

What does depilatory mean?

substance, usually a caustic alkali preparation, used for temporarily removing superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin level.

What is tinea versicolor?

sun spots; a noncontagious fungal infection which is characterized by white or varicolored patches on the skin and is often found on arms and legs.

What is the hair bulb?

swelling at the base of the follicle that provides the hair with nourishment; it is a thick, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root.

What is edema?

swelling caused by a fluid imbalance in cells or a response to injury or infection.

What is bracing?

technique using one or both hands positioned to avoid client injury, keeping your hands steady and the client safe.

What is comedogenic?

tendency for an ingredient to clog follicles and cause a buildup of dead skin cells, resulting in comedones (blackheads).

What is the vermillion border?

the border of the lip line.

What is the axilla?

the correct professional and anatomical term for the underarm; the region between the arm and the thoracic wall.

What is sensitization?

the development of hypersensitivity due to repeated exposure to an allergen that can take months or years to develop due to the allergen and intensity of exposure.

What is lanugo?

the hair on a fetus; soft and downy hair.

What is the pilosebaceous unit?

the hair unit that contains the hair follicle and appendages: the hair root, bulb, dermal papilla, sebaceous appendage, and arrector pili muscle.

What is the ferrule?

the metal part that holds makeup brushes intact.

What are warm colors?

the range of colors with yellow undertones; from yellow and gold through oranges, red-oranges, most reds, and even some yellow-greens.

What are nodules?

these are often referred to as tumors, but these are smaller bumps caused by conditions such as scar tissue, fatty deposits, or infections.

What does oily skin feel like?

thick and firm, uneven due to congestion.

What is a keloid?

thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue (collagen).

What is hyperkeratosis?

thickening of the skin caused by a mass of keratinized cells (keratinocytes).

What are liquid foundations?

type of foundation made of suspension of organic and inorganic pigments in alcohol- and water-based solutions; bentonite (a clay base) is added to help keep the products blended and absorb excess oil; generally suited for clients with oily to normal skin conditions who desire sheer to medium coverage

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma; characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules; also appear as open sores or crusty areas; can grow and spread in the body.

What is vasodilation?

vascular dilation of the blood vessels.

What are varicose veins?

vascular lesions; dilated and twisted veins, most commonly in the legs.

What is conjunctivitis?

very contagious infection of the mucous membranes around the eye; chemical, bacterial, or viral causes.

What is a closed comedo?

whiteheads that are blocked and do not have a follicular opening.

What are primary colors?

yellow, red, and blue; fundamental colors that cannot be obtained from a mixture.