MIS 4310 Chapters 3-5
Interface management involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of a project.
FALSE
Which of the following is true about the agile method?
It uses several iterations or deliveries of software instead of waiting until the end of the project to provide a product.
Which of the following are organizational process assets?
Management systems
_____ is the result of subtracting the project costs from the benefits and then dividing by the costs.
Return on investment (ROI)
_____ is the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Scope creep
A(n) _____ is the person who ensures that the team is productive, facilitates the daily Scrum, enables close cooperation across all roles and functions, and removes barriers that prevent the team from being effective.
ScrumMaster
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
TRUE
_____ is a process for identifying and modeling business events, who initiated them, and how the system should respond to them.
Use case modeling
_____ are short descriptions written by customers of what they need a Scrum system to do for them.
User stories
If done well, the _________ can produce several releases of useful software.
agile approach
The project schedule information section of the project management plan includes ____.
an elaborate timetable
In the _____approach for constructing a WBS, you use a similar project's WBS as a starting point.
analogy
In Scrum, a(n) _____ is a useful object created by people.
artifact
A(n) _____ is the approved project management plan plus approved changes.
baseline
A(n) _____ is a formal group of people responsible for approving or rejecting changes to a project.
change control board (CCB)
A(n) _____ is a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes.
change control system
Administrative activities, such as archiving project files, closing out contracts, documenting lessons learned, and receiving formal acceptance of the delivered work as part of the phase or project, are often involved in _____ processes.
closing
The most time and money should be spent on
executing
Enterprise environmental factors are an output of the executing process of _____.
project human resource management
The main outputs of _____are the project scope statement and updates to project documents.
scope definition
A(n) _____ is a set period of time, normally two to four weeks, during which specific work must be completed and made ready for review when using Scrum methods.
sprint
A(n) _____ is a Scrum artifact and consists of the highest-priority items from the product backlog to be completed in a sprint.
sprint backlog
The business case includes information on _____.
the project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals
Scope creep refers to:
the tendency for project scope to keep getting bigger and bigger.
Creating the _____ involves subdividing the major project deliverables into smaller, more manageable components.
work breakdown structure (WBS)
In a weighted scoring model, the sum of the weights of all the criteria must total _____ percent.
100
A(n) _____ is a tool that provides a systematic process for selecting projects based on many criteria.
weighted scoring model
A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project.
work breakdown structure
Which of the following is recommended for the creation of a good WBS?
A unit of work should appear at only one place in the WBS.
Which of the following is a planning process associated with project scope management?
Collecting requirements
_____ involves defining and documenting the features and functions of the products produced during the project as well as the processes used for creating them.
Collecting requirements
_____ involves identifying and controlling the functional and physical design characteristics of products and their support documentation, and ensures that the descriptions of the project's products are correct and complete.
Configuration management
_____ should result in improvements in project performance.
Corrective actions
_____ involves reviewing the project charter, requirements documents, and organizational process assets to create a scope statement, adding more information as requirements are developed and change requests are approved.
Defining scope
_____ factors include relevant government or industry standards, the organization's infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.
Enterprise environmental
A SWOT analysis, being a linear process, cannot be performed using the nonlinear mind mapping technique.
FALSE
A work package must always represent less than 80 hours of work.
FALSE
A work package represents one component of the product that the project aims to deliver.
FALSE
Deliverables are only product-related, such as a piece of hardware or software.
FALSE
Given the project management software that is available, it is relatively easy to create a good WBS.
FALSE
Opportunities and directives are essentially the same thing.
FALSE
Project initiation involves taking the actions necessary to ensure that activities in the project plan are completed.
FALSE
Project scope statements must include the project boundaries, constraints, and assumptions.
FALSE
The WBS is organized solely around project phases.
FALSE
The executing tasks of the WBS remain constant from project to project.
FALSE
The format of the WBS dictionary is essentially the same for all projects.
FALSE
The project's size, complexity, importance, and other factors do not affect how much effort is spent on collecting requirements for scope planning.
FALSE
The scope baseline in a WBS consists of the requirements documentation and enterprise environmental factors.
FALSE
The scope of a project is clear and specific from the start.
FALSE
The tasks in a WBS must be developed as a sequential list of steps.
FALSE
_____ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.
Integrated change control
_____ involves identifying and managing the points of interaction between various elements of the project.
Interface management
Which of the following is true of return on investment or ROI?
It is always a percentage.
_____ uses highly organized and intensive workshops to bring together project stakeholders—the sponsor, users, business analysts, programmers, and so on—to jointly define and design information systems.
JAD
_____ is a technique that uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas.
Mind mapping
_____ is a technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas when creating a WBS.
Mind mapping
_____ project work includes collecting, measuring, and disseminating performance information.
Monitoring
_____ analysis is a method of calculating the expected net monetary gain or loss from a project by discounting all expected future cash inflows and outflows to the present point in time.
Net present value
_____ refer to chances to improve the organization.
Opportunities
_____ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project's success.
Organizational process assets
_____ is a project management methodology that defines 45 separate subprocesses and organizes these into eight process groups.
PRojects IN Controlled Environments
Which of the following is a proactive process undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks?
Preventive actions
_____ refer to undesirable situations that prevent an organization from achieving its goals.
Problems
_____ involves coordinating all of the other project management knowledge areas throughout a project's life cycle.
Project integration management
_____ progress from initiation activities to planning activities, executing activities, monitoring and controlling activities, and closing activities.
Project management process groups
_____ includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what work is or is not included in a project.
Project scope management
_____ involves developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system.
Prototyping
_____ refers to the process of developing a working replica of the system or some aspect of the system.
Prototyping
_____ refer to "conditions or capabilities that must be met by the project or present in the product, service, or result to satisfy an agreement or other formally imposed specification."
Requirements
A(n) _____ involves analyzing a company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and is used to aid in strategic planning.
SWOT analysis
_____ refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
Scope
_____ involves controlling changes to the project scope while keeping project goals and business strategy in mind.
Scope control
_____ involves formal acceptance of the completed project scope by the stakeholders.
Scope validation
_____ involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, studying opportunities and threats, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.
Strategic planning
A sprint review is a meeting in which the team demonstrates to the product owner what it has completed during the sprint.
TRUE
Information from the project charter provides a basis for further defining the project scope.
TRUE
Many information technology projects also require detailed functional and design specifications for developing software, which also should be referenced in the detailed scope statement.
TRUE
Many organizations provide different guidelines and templates for developing WBSs.
TRUE
Mind mapping allows people to write and even draw pictures of ideas in a nonlinear format.
TRUE
Project scope management includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project.
TRUE
Scope creep if not managed well can lead to the failure of information technology projects.
TRUE
Scope refers to all the work involved in creating the products of the project and the processes used to create them.
TRUE
The project scope statement should reference supporting documents, such as product specifications that will affect what products are produced or purchased, or corporate policies, which might affect how products or services are produced.
TRUE
The project scope statement, stakeholder requirements documentation, and organizational process assets are the primary inputs for creating a WBS.
TRUE
The scope management plan can be informal and broad or formal and detailed, based on the needs of the project.
TRUE
_____ involves formalizing acceptance of the project deliverables and during this phase the key project stakeholders, such as the customer and sponsor for the project, inspect and then formally accept the deliverables.
Validating scope
_____ is the difference between planned and actual performance.
Variance
_____ refers to the difference between planned and actual performance.
Variance
A(n) _____ is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines its total scope.
WBS
A(n) _____ is a document that describes detailed information about each WBS item.
WBS dictionary
An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. This would be an example of _____.
a corrective action
A(n) _____ is a methodology that converts value drivers, such as customer service, innovation, operational efficiency, and financial performance, to a series of defined metrics.
balanced scorecard
Generating ideas by comparing specific project practices or product characteristics to those of other projects or products inside or outside the performing organization is known as _____.
benchmarking
In the _____ approach to creating a WBS, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible.
bottom-up
In the _____ approach, team members first identify as many specific tasks related to the project as possible and then aggregate the specific tasks and organize them into summary activities, or higher levels in the WBS.
bottom-up
A _____ is an important Scrum artifact used to graphically display progress on each sprint during the monitoring and controlling process.
burndown chart
Benefits minus costs is known as the _____.
cash flow
A positive NPV means the return from a project exceeds the _____, the return available by investing the capital elsewhere.
cost of capital
Subdividing the project deliverables into smaller pieces is known as _____.
decomposition
The main technique used in creating a WBS is _____, which involves subdividing project deliverables into smaller pieces.
decomposition
The term ______ describes a product produced as part of a project.
deliverable
The first step in determining the NPV is to _____.
determine the estimated costs and benefits for the life of the project and the products it produces
One of the main outputs of the initiation process is _____.
developing the project charter
Examples of _____ processes include acquiring and developing the project team, performing quality assurance, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and conducting procurements.
executing
The majority of time on a project is usually spent on _____, as is most of the project's budget.
execution
Some organizations prescribe the form and content for WBSs for particular projects. These are known as _____.
guidelines
The main tool for performing scope validation is _____ and group decision making techniques.
inspection
The _____ is the discount rate that results in an NPV of zero for a project.
internal rate of return (IRR)
A(n) _____ is a meeting held at the beginning of a project so that stakeholders can meet each other, review the goals of the project, and discuss future plans.
kick-off meeting
A work package is a task at the _____ level of the WBS.
lowest
A(n) _____ describes how things should be done.
methodology
The _____ technique for creating a WBS uses branches radiating from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas instead of writing down tasks in a list or immediately trying to create a structure for tasks.
mind mapping
A common _____ process is reporting performance, where project stakeholders can identify any necessary changes that may be required to keep the project on track.
monitoring and controlling
Creating the WBS is a subprocess associated with the _____ process in project scope management.
planning
In project integration management, project ______ and _______ are intertwined and inseparable activities.
planning, execution
A _____ is a document that recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management.
project charter
The _____ section of the project management plan describes how to monitor project progress and handle changes.
project controls
A _____ is a document used to coordinate all project planning documents and help guide a project's execution and control.
project management plan
The _____ section of the project plan should describe the major project functions and activities and identify those individuals who are in charge of them.
project responsibilities
The main outputs of scope definition are the _____ and project document updates.
project scope statement
The _____ is the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment.
required rate of return
The ______ documents how project needs will be analyzed, documented, and managed.
requirements management plan
A(n) _____ is a table that lists requirements, their various attributes, and the status of the requirements to ensure that all are addressed.
requirements traceability matrix
The _____ includes the approved project scope statement and its associated WBS and WBS dictionary.
scope baseline
The _____ should list and describe all of the deliverables required for the project.
scope statement
Tasks in a WBS that are decomposed into smaller tasks are called _____ tasks.
summary
PMI uses the term "_____" to describe each level of work in the WBS.
task
The _____ section of the project management plan describes specific methodologies a project might use and explains how to document information.
technical processes
Payback occurs when:
the net cumulative benefits equal the net cumulative costs.
Mind mapping can be used for developing WBSs using
the top-down or bottom-up approach
Scope refers to:
the work involved in creating the products and the processes used to create them.
The first step in the planning process is _____.
to tie the information technology strategic plan to the organization's overall strategic plan
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS involves refining the work into greater and greater levels of detail.
top-down
The _____ approach for constructing a WBS starts with the largest items of the project and breaks them into subordinate items.
top-down
A(n) ____ is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.
work package
A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of _____ for the project.
zero
_____ includes measuring progress toward project objectives and taking corrective action to match progress with the plan.
Montioring and controlling
Which of the following project parameters would be compatible with the use of the agile approach?
Projects that have more flexible scheduling
_____ is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members.
Rational Unified Process
A(n) _____ is a cross-functional team of five to nine people who organize themselves and the work to produce the desired results for each sprint.
Scrum team
The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
TRUE
The two main items for monitoring and controlling in the Scrum framework are the daily
TRUE
Which of the following activities is a part of the planning process of the Scrum?
Creating sprint backlog
_____ are an output of the executing process of project integration management.
Deliverables
Which of the following is a pre-initiation task?
Developing a business case for a project
_____ involves working with stakeholders to create the document that formally authorizes a project.
Developing the project charter
_____ involves coordinating all planning efforts to create a consistent, coherent document.
Developing the project management plan
_____ the project includes work required to introduce any new hardware, software, and procedures into normal operations.
Executing
A Gantt chart is the same as a project management plan.
FALSE
A milestone list is an output associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
FALSE
An organization's information technology project selection process should guide the strategic plan.
FALSE
Project integration management must occur just within the context of a particular project.
FALSE
The output of the stakeholder management strategy results is a project charter.
FALSE
The pre-initiation phase of a project using the Scrum method does not involve project charters, stakeholder management strategy, and kick-off meetings.
FALSE
The outputs of the _____ process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates.
monitoring and controlling
The project time management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activity of schedule control.
monitoring and controlling
The most difficult and unappreciated process in project management is often
planning
A(n) _____ is a document that includes stakeholders' roles, names, organizations, and contact information.
stakeholder register
_________ issues often occur during project execution, especially conflicts.
Human resource
_____ processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase.
Initiating
The _____ is a very important tool in project management because it provides the basis for deciding how to do the work.
WBS
The _____ stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology.
business area analysis
The _____ process involves gaining stakeholder and customer acceptance of the final products and services and bringing the project, or project phase, to an orderly end.
closing
_____ is a planning process that is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area.
creation of a wbs
The main purpose of project plans is to
guide project execution
During _____ processes for a new project, the organization recognizes that a new project exists, and completes a project charter as part of this recognition.
initiating
The project integration management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of developing project charters.
initiating
The project stakeholder management knowledge area maps to the ______ process group by identifying stakeholders.
initiating
The project management plan is the output of the planning process of project _____.
integration management
A(n)_____ is a series of actions directed toward a particular result.
process
A(n) _____ is the person responsible for the business value of the project and for deciding what work to do and in what order when using a Scrum method.
product owner
Organizational process assets update is the output of the closing process of _____.
project integration management
Developing a _____ is a planning process that occurs in the Project Integration Management knowledge area.
project management plan
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations define project scope, benefits, and constraints.
project planning
In the _____ stage of selecting information technology projects, organizations select information technology projects.
resource allocation
A risk register is the output of _____.
risk identification planning
The improvement of the product and process in the Scrum method is discussed at the _____.
sprint reflection meeting
_____ are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence.
Directives
A project charter typically does not authorize the project manager to use organizational resources to complete the project.
FALSE
An organization should consider only projects with a negative NPV if financial value is a key criterion for project selection.
FALSE
An organization's project management plan expresses the vision, mission, goals, objectives, and strategies of the organization.
FALSE
Corrective actions reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks, while preventive actions should result in improvements in project performance.
FALSE
It is necessary that IT project managers have prior technical experience in creating and managing IT products.
FALSE
Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a payback analysis makes a lot of sense.
FALSE
Projects that address broad organizational needs are likely to fail.
FALSE
The ROI is always positive.
FALSE
The burndown chart is a Scrum created artifact that provides a list of features prioritized by business value.
FALSE
The introduction or overview of a project must only include a list of definitions and acronyms.
FALSE
The kick-off meeting is always held before the business case and project charter are completed.
FALSE
The number of interfaces in a single project is limited, and does not depend on the number of people involved in the project.
FALSE
The organization should complete low-priority projects before high-priority ones, if the low-priority ones take less time.
FALSE
_____ are people involved in or affected by project activities and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents to the project.
Stakeholders
An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.
TRUE
As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.
TRUE
Change requests are always made in writing.
TRUE
Details of kick-off meetings and the stakeholder details are usually recorded in a Word document.
TRUE
Identifying the project sponsor is a pre-initiation task.
TRUE
In project integration management, directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.
TRUE
In the Scrum method, team members work as a self-directed group coached by the ScrumMaster.
TRUE
Information systems can help an organization support a strategy of being a low-cost producer.
TRUE
NPV analysis is a method for making equal comparisons between cash flows for multi-year projects.
TRUE
Organizational process asset updates are an important output of the closing process of a project.
TRUE
Payback period is the amount of time it will take to recoup, in the form of net cash inflows, the total dollars invested in a project.
TRUE
Projects that arise as a result of problems and directives must be resolved quickly to avoid hurting an organization's business.
TRUE
Some organizations initiate projects using a contract in place of a project charter.
TRUE
The ideal outcome of the _____ process group is to complete a project successfully by delivering the agreed-upon project scope within time, cost, and quality constraints.
monitoring and controlling
The project scope management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control.
monitoring and controlling
The project cost management knowledge area maps to the _____ process group through the activities of estimating costs and budget determination.
planning
_____ processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs.
planning
A _____ is usually not necessary to the Scrum method.
team contract
The _____ provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.
work breakdown structure