MIS 552 Midterm

What is the primary purpose of swim lanes? A. Set a context for competing paths through the process B. Specify which actors have the right to perform which activities C. Identify the actor with the primary responsibility of a specific set of activities D. Define the order in which activities will be performed E. None of the above

C. Identify the actor with the primary responsibility of a specific set of activities

Cyber security has become dramatically more concerning in recent years for all the following reasons EXCEPT: Systems continue to store more and more sensitive, confidential data System are increasingly accessible via the Internet Computer chips no longer implement National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) encryption standards The rise of hackers both outside and inside organizations All of the above are valid reasons

Computer chips no longer implement National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) encryption standards

Which of the following corresponds to linear, one-at-a-time project activities creating a system like building a house from a blueprint: Traditional SDLC Extreme Programming Agile Scrum Kanban Initial visioning

Traditional SDLC

Which one of the following statements is true? It makes no sense do any UI modeling if the company already knows that they are going to use a commercial-off-the-self (COTS) product UI models can support the process of discovering necessary system features UI models should be specified at a high level of accuracy from the beginning UI models are particularly useful for brownfield development Identifying the right color scheme is particularly important in early stage UI modeling

UI models can support the process of discovering necessary system features

Select the order of interview methods that forms a continuum from more flexible to less flexible. Semistructured, unstructured, structured Structured, unstructured, semistructured Structured, semistructured, unstructured Unstructured, semistructured, structured Semistructured, structured, unstructured

Unstructured, semistructured, structured

Which one of the following is not one of the INVEST criteria? Testable Independent Estimable Variable Small

Variable

Agile is most appropriate when: The project is more like building a house than inventing a gadget The project is large and complex The requirements are clear and stable What needs to be built needs to be built as a series of prototypes None of the above are true

What needs to be built needs to be built as a series of prototypesed

XZY Corp. developed an early-stage UI model for its customer-facing application using only few simple elements to show the location of text blocks, images, and major controls on the screen. The models did not include any data nor any details of the controls. Which type of a UI model XZY had developed? Mockup Wireframe Prototype All of the above None of the above

Wireframe

Which is the correct order of increasing level of details for user interface modeling approaches? Wireframes, Prototypes, Mockups Wireframes, Mockups, Prototypes Prototypes, Mockups, Wireframes Prototypes, Wireframes, Mockups Mockups, Wireframes, Prototypes

Wireframes, Mockups, Prototypes

In the 1990s, the Standish Group study found that what percent of systems projects were cancelled prior to delivery: 4% 11% 31% 51% 91%

31%

Which one of the following statements regarding acceptance criteria is not true? Acceptance criteria are expressed in the context of a user story Acceptance criteria can be seen as constraints that limit acceptable implementation options Acceptance criteria provide additional specificity compared to the user story Acceptance criteria can be used for user acceptance testing Acceptance criteria should be as broad as possible

Acceptance criteria should be as broad as possible

Which one of the following statements is not true: Information systems may enable innovative business models and strategies Information systems may be used to enable an organization to achieve its operational goals Information systems may be used to enable an organization to achieve its strategic goals. Information systems should be designed to enable an organization's chosen tactics All information systems solutions are designed to enable innovative business models and strategies

All information systems solutions are designed to enable innovative business models and strategies

For which one of the situations below would you need a fork/join structure? Asking for completion of three different credit analyses before giving out a loan. Three separate scientific measurements that all need to be completed before the process can continue Decisions needed from two separate organizational units before the final decision can be made In an express oil change process, changing the oil filter and the cabin air filter simultaneously before moving forward All of the above

All of the above

Which one of following is a possible source of ideas for information systems: Customers Change in government regulations Any employee Competitor analysis All of the above

All of the above

Which one of the following is a discovery method for systems analysis and design? Interviewing Observation Prototyping Surveys All of the above

All of the above

Which one of the following is an indication of an error situation in an activity diagram: An activity without an outgoing control flow An activity without an incoming control flow An initial node with an incoming control flow A flow final without an incoming control flow All of the above

All of the above

The following is true of emergent requirements: Captures only key feature requirements up-front (often as user stories) Develops detailed designs during software construction iterations or sprints Often associated with agile approaches Open to flexibly accommodating changes in requirements and priorities throughout the project All of the above are true

All of the above are true

Which of the following is NOT true of a non-functional requirement: It is a general performance characteristic of the system It may include reliability It may include security It may include response times All of the above are true

All of the above are true

Which of the following is true of a design requirement: It describes how the system needs to deliver features It may include the business-specific data It may specify the business-specific logic It may specify the business-specific user interface All of the above are true

All of the above are true

The expanded role of the BA: Means that the BA today often plays the most central, wide-ranging, and challenging set of roles of any IT team member Has arisen in part because of the influence of agile approaches leading to using smaller teams with fewer specialized roles May include project management, leadership, development, and change management, in addition to the core BA role of requirements Means that, with new software development approaches (adding agile and hybrid, in addition to plan-driven), the BA must know at least two ways to do everything All the above are true

All the above are true

The reason to model both current state and future state is:The reason to model both current state and future state is: Current state helps identify problems and opportunities for improvement Future state shows how the new software features will address problems and opportunities Comparing current state and future state helps identify new capabilities to build All the above are true None of the above are true

All the above are true

What is a persona in the context of user stories? A specific individual user A lead author A personality type Particularly influential user An organizational user role

An organizational user role

Which one of the following statements regarding UI modeling is true? UI models should be independent of the results of business process modeling. UI modeling does not need to consider the results of domain modeling. At times, the expected system capabilities are so well-defined that separate UI modeling is not necessary. CRUD refers to qualities of UI modelers: creative, reliable, understanding, and dependable The relationships between UI models are not of interest in the UI modeling process.

At times, the expected system capabilities are so well-defined that separate UI modeling is not necessary.

What is the main difference between system features and system designs? Designs are about system hows, features about system whats Features are about system hows, design about system whats Designs specify system capabilities, features describe how those capabilities are implemented Both specify system capabilities, but features do that at a lower level of abstraction There is no difference; they are essentially the same.

Designs are about system hows, features about system whats

The plan-driven approach: Is exemplified by eXtreme Programming Emphasizes overlapping, iterative activities Emphasizes Big Requirements Up Front Was introduced in the mid-1990s All of the above are true

Emphasizes Big Requirements Up Front

Which one of the following is a difference between a user story and an epic? Epic is longer than a regular user story Epic is more detailed than a regular user story Epic summarizes a broad range of activities instead of focusing on a specific user goal Epic focuses on a narrow, well-defined user goal instead of broad organizational goals Epic is specified by the top management of the organization instead of being specified by business analysts.

Epic summarizes a broad range of activities instead of focusing on a specific user goal

Which one of the following statements regarding agile development is true? Even an agile project requires an initial planning and analysis phase that sets the stage for the rest of the project Agile development works equally well in all project contexts Agile development is typically structured in repeated steps that are one to four months long Agile development utilizes large, about 50 person, teams Agile development consists of a small number of steps that are not repeated.

Even an agile project requires an initial planning and analysis phase that sets the stage for the rest of the project

The purpose of user stories is to specify a system's Technical design Functional design Features Core concepts None of the above

Features

Which one of the UML activity diagram components is associated with identification of parallel activities: Decision node Fork Flow final Iteration Final node

Fork

Which one of the following statements describes a valid reason for expressing initial user stories at a high level of abstraction? High-abstraction level user stories are more specific than other types of user stories High-abstraction level user stories provide more technical guidance than other types of user stories High-abstraction level user stories are typically easier to understand than other types of user stories High-abstraction level user stories are always shorter and, therefore, require less time to write. High-abstraction level user stories make it possible for the developers to consider a broader range of technical options.

High-abstraction level user stories make it possible for the developers to consider a broader range of technical options.

Which one of the following is a widely used model for analyzing the quality of user stories? INVEST CRUD JAD EPIC I2C2

INVEST

The agile approach: Emphasizes a linear sequence of one-at-a-time project activities Has largely replaced plan-driven and hybrid approaches Emphasizes completing requirements before sprints begin Includes specific methods such as eXtreme Programming (XP) and Scrum Specifies initial requirements as a product backlog

Includes specific methods such as eXtreme Programming (XP) and Scrum

Which one of the following is not one of the primary ways in which information systems can serve organizational goals: Satisfying external requirements to stay in business Interfere with a competitor's operations Decrease the resources needed to product the organization's outputs Increase revenue or other key outputs of the organization All of them are equally important

Interfere with a competitor's operations

Which one of the expressions is only associated with a design model: Internal structure Rigorousness Simplification of reality Graphical representation None of the above

Internal structure

Which one of the following is not a dimension of feasibility identified in your textbook? Environmental sustainability International Financial Political Economic

International

Which one of the following is not one of the dimensions of feasibility outlined in your textbook: Environmental Political Scheduling International Legal

International

The Systems Development Process Framework: Is shown in Chapter 1 as a linear, plan-driven approach because this book does not cover agile and hybrid project approaches Represents several key project activities that frequently do not need to be addressed for some systems projects Is used repeatedly throughout the book in different forms to orient chapter topics to key project activities Separates "Business Analysis" requirements from "Functional and Initial Technical Design" requirements so that "Programming and Testing" can occur in between All of the above are true

Is used repeatedly throughout the book in different forms to orient chapter topics to key project activities

Software configuration: Is another name for software construction Primarily involves programming new features Is used to implement commercial-off-the-shelf software Is never use with the plan-driven approach Is an obsolete form of the Systems Development Process Framework

Is used to implement commercial-off-the-shelf software

Which of the following is NOT true of a user story: It describes a feature requirement It defines what the system should do It defines how the system should be designed It defines why the customer needs a feature All of the above are true

It defines how the system should be designed

In the image above, why does the "Customer Payment" box have non-rounded corners? This form emphasizes its importance It is shared between Cashier and Customer It is not an activity All Customer activities have non-rounded corners The processing logic within the "Customer Payment" activity is particularly complex

It is not an activity

Which of the following are true for commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) software EXCEPT: It is software written by a software vendor for sale or rent It is typically built to meet the specific needs of a single client organization It may be implemented on the client's premises or host by the software vendor in the cloud When accessed in the cloud and accessed by clients over the Internet, it is called "SaaS" or "Software-as-a-Service" All of the above are true

It is typically built to meet the specific needs of a single client organization

What is the purpose of the symbol above? It signifies a time-based event It allows inclusion of events that are based on the number of people involved in the process It reflects a reminder to the business analyst regarding an event that still needs to be addressed in the model and is late It signifies a complex multiple criteria decision point in the model None of the above

It signifies a time-based event

What does the image above represent? Iteration Decision Merge Join Flow final

Iteration

You want to model a situation in which an instructor needs to perform the same task multiple times (one for each student in a class). Which structure would you use for it? Decision Join Iteration Fork Signal

Iteration

The purpose of intelligent modeling is to Make sure that only individuals with superb intellectual ability participate in modeling Develop Artificial Intelligence systems for conceptual modeling Make intelligence choices regarding when to use various modeling approaches and techniques Ensure that modeling decisions are always conducted in the most intelligent way possible None of the above

Make intelligence choices regarding when to use various modeling approaches and techniques

Which one of the following is not an example of an analysis model: Model of the process with which a bank makes decisions regarding mortgage underwriting Model of the process with which a hospital triages its emergency room patients Model of the process with which a software module decides how to make a calculation result visible to a user Model of the process with which a scientist determines the success of an experiment Model of the process with which a grocery store determines the reorder quantities.

Model of the process with which a software module decides how to make a calculation result visible to a user

The key conceptual formula for the new capabilities we need to build in a system is: New Capabilities = Future State Capabilities + Current State Capabilities + Refactoring New Capabilities = (Future State Capabilities + Current State Capabilities) ÷ Refactoring New Capabilities = Current State Capabilities - Future State Capabilities + Refactoring New Capabilities = Future State Capabilities - Current State Capabilities + Refactoring New Capabilities = (Current State Capabilities X Future State Capabilities) ÷ Refactoring

New Capabilities = Future State Capabilities - Current State Capabilities + Refactoring

Which one of the following is not one of the key actions within business analysis: Transformation Structuring Operationalization Discovery They all are

Operationalization

Which of the following is an example of application software: Programming language Operating system Database management system Payroll system All of the above are examples of application software

Payroll system

In the context of the image above, which one of the following statements is true? Schedule drug pickup has to take place before Prepare shipment Prepare shipment has to take place before Schedule drug pickup Prepare shipment needs to be completed before Release drug for pickup Schedule drug pickup needs to be completed before Arrange transfer of drugs All of the above

Prepare shipment needs to be completed before Release drug for pickup

Implementation may involve all the following EXCEPT: Requirements Programming Testing Selecting an existing software application Configuring an existing software application

Requirements

You want to model a situation where one actor in an activity diagram wants to notify another actor about the completion of an event without moving the control immediately to the notified actor. Which structure can you use? Flow final Fork Decision Signal All of the above

Signal

System software is: Software used to develop and use application software Software that was used prior to the introduction in the 1990s of application software Payroll software Software used to accomplish a specific business or personal task Another word for application software

Software used to develop and use application software

Select the correct order of abstraction for the forms of organizational decision making (highest level of abstraction to the lowest): Strategic, tactical, operational Operational, strategic, tactical Strategic, operational, tactical Operational, tactical, strategic Tactical, strategic, operational

Strategic, tactical, operational

Steve's favorite flavor of ice cream that I promise to buy him for making these flashcards is? Chocolate Vanilla Cookies and Cream Strawberry

Strawberry

Which one of the following discovery methods would you choose if your goal was to collect data from a large number of prospective users in a relatively short amount of time? Observation Interviews Survey Review of documents Review of an existing system

Survey

The chapter noted that creating application software is a human-driven process requiring human aptitudes and skillsets that exceed the abilities of artificial intelligence—which of the following is NOT one of those human abilities: Symbolic processing Creativity Asking interesting questions Complex communication Common sense

Symbolic processing

Change management refers to: Determining the process of replacing members of a software team Updating the technical architecture of a system as it becomes obsolete The process of migrating from a plan-driven to an agile approach Tasks to prepare the business to successfully deploy a new or enhanced software system Return on investment analysis revisions

Tasks to prepare the business to successfully deploy a new or enhanced software system

Which one of the following is not a key element of a user story? A user role (or persona) The author of a user story Justification for the need specified in the user story A need to be satisfied with the system All of the above are key elements of a user story

The author of a user story

The tire swing cartoon highlights the following systems project challenges, EXCEPT FOR: The customer may know the requirements, but not be able to describe them The customer may not know how to program the requirements in a language like Java It may require multiple customers to describe all the requirements Customers may disagree over the requirements The BA cannot be a passive receptacle, merely writing down what the customer says she needs

The customer may not know how to program the requirements in a language like Java

The project vision defines: The detailed project plan All the user stories to be created ordered by priority The business problem or opportunity, key system capabilities, and expected business benefits The technical architecture of the software Whether to use a plan-driven, agile, of hybrid approach

The detailed project plan

Which one of the following statements is true? The development of user stories and UI models benefits from the context specifications available in process models and domain models User stories should be developed independent of organizational goals UI models and user stories should be largely independent of each other All user stories written in the context of a specific project should be at the same level of abstraction None of the statements above is true

The development of user stories and UI models benefits from the context specifications available in process models and domain models

What is the meaning of the term feasibility in the SA&D context? The extent to which the project outcomes are aligned with the organizational strategy The extent to which the project enables collaboration between development team members The complexity of a specific development project The length of a specific development project The extent to which it is likely that a project can be completed successfully.

The extent to which it is likely that a project can be completed successfully.

The relationship between the terms "business analyst" and "systems analyst" is: The former refers to a team member who does requirements but not programming while the latter refers to a team member who does programming in addition to requirements The two are synonymous The former is a project manager while the latter does requirements The two terms mean the same thing, except the former applies to application software and the latter applies to systems software The two terms are unrelated

The former is a project manager while the latter does requirements

Which one of the statements regarding UML is correct: UML is primarily used for business process modeling The same UML diagram type can be used for multiple purposes UML cannot be used for domain modeling UML cannot be used for modeling internal structures of software solutions UML has only two diagram types

The same UML diagram type can be used for multiple purposes

Which one of the following statements describes a common recommendation regarding collaborative discovery processes (such as JAD)? The sessions should be conducted in the participants' normal work environment to ensure access to resources The sessions should take action to reduce the impact of power differences among the participants It is important to make sure that the team has the latest collaboration technology available Prospective users should be assigned randomly to the process All of the above

The sessions should take action to reduce the impact of power differences among the participants

What does an automation boundary refer to? Modular system structure components specified by an artificial intelligence system Automated border control mechanism Legal and regulatory restrictions that prevent certain functions from being automated A technical component within a computer that separates automated and human-controlled features The virtual separation of computing-based activities and human activities in the context of an information system

The virtual separation of computing-based activities and human activities in the context of an information system

What do interviews, surveys, and focus groups have in practice? They are UI modeling approaches They do not belong to the tool kit of a business analyst They are never used to communicate with prospective system users They can only be used with groups of people They are mechanisms used for discovery during business analysis

They are mechanisms used for discovery during business analysis

Which one of the following statements regarding UI modeling is true? It is essential to use the latest prototyping tools for UI modeling UI modeling in business analysis creates artifacts that are used as such in eventual development Every UI modeling effort should be externally validated by consultants Time spent on UI modeling should be aligned with expected development time UI modeling is primarily done at the latest stages of systems development

Time spent on UI modeling should be aligned with expected development time

Why would you model the current state of an organizational system before determining what the future state will look like? To ensure that the future system will follow the current processes exactly in the same way To avoid all possible legal liabilities To determine if all parties within an organization are following the same processes To increase billable hours None of the above

To determine if all parties within an organization are following the same processes

What is the primary purpose of business analysis? To determine the most cost-effective way of running an information systems project To determine the ways in which a proposed information systems project will change the way an organization conducts its business. To organize an information systems project in the most effective way To determine the best possible technical implementation process for the planned information systems None of the above

To determine the ways in which a proposed information systems project will change the way an organization conducts its business.

Data analytics and transaction processing are the two broad categories of business application systems—their relationship is: Data analytics systems have been replacing transaction processing systems since the mid-1990s Data analytics systems feed data to transaction processing systems to finalize records Transaction processing systems feed data to data analytics systems to produce management information The two systems are typically run separately and seldom interact Both systems are now being replaced by artificial intelligence systems

Transaction processing systems feed data to data analytics systems to produce management information

How many merge symbols are there in the figure above? None One Two Three Four

Two

For which one of the situations below would you need a decision structure? Two simultaneous actions to register a student for a course Choice of actions depending whether or not an insurance claim was accepted Two different independent insurance adjuster evaluations needed before a decision regarding a claim can be made In an express oil change process, changing the oil filter and the cabin air filter simultaneously before moving forward None of the above

Two different independent insurance adjuster evaluations needed before a decision regarding a claim can be made

Which one of the following statements regarding the role of UI models and modeling in business analysis is true? Prototyping as one of the subtypes of UI modeling is a recent innovation in information systems development UI modeling supports communication between various stakeholder groups within the development process UI modeling is too expensive to include in most development processes UI models are typically more confusing for users than written user stories UI models are always created to be as accurate representations of the final product as possible

UI modeling supports communication between various stakeholder groups within the development process

Which one of the following addresses an issue of financial feasibility in the context of XZY Corp. XZY has developed plans for a customer-facing application that would radically transform the way companies in its industry communicate with their customers. XZY is not sure whether or not it will find funding to pay for the $125M development cost XZY Corp has determined that the project would profitable using all traditional profitability metrics The Board of XZY Corp has two competing views regarding the project and cannot reach a consensus to determine whether or not to continue with the project XZY Corp determines at a late stage of the project that a faulty library component has to be replaced, leading to a delay of at least five months None of the above

XZY is not sure whether or not it will find funding to pay for the $125M development cost