MIS chapter 1

Computer-aided Manufacturing

(CAM) the use of computers to assist with manufacturing processes such as fabrication and assembly

Programmer

(computer programmer or developer) develops software ir writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into informarion

The Average Hard Drive can hold about ___ ____ characters.

320 billion

The Average USB Flash drive can hold about _ ______ characters.

4 billion

More than ____ percent of colleges offer distance learning classes

70

Generating Info from a Computer requires 5 Elements

hardware, software, data, people, procedures (information system)

Disadvantages of Using Computers

health risks, the violation of privacy, public safety, the impact on labor force, and the impact on the environment

5 Types of Computer Users

home, small/home office, mobile, power, enterprise

Storage devices often function as a source of ______ because they transfer items from storage to memory.

input

Computers process data (______) into information (______).

input; output

Green Computing

involves reducing the electricity consumed and environmental waste generated when using a computer

The 5 Widely Used Input Devices

keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner, and webcam

Examples of Small/Home Office Users

local law practices, accounting firms, travel agencies, and florists

The circuitry of the system unit usually is part of or is connected to a circuit board called the _______.

motherboard

Many homes and most businesses and schools ______ their computer and devices.

network

Slate Tablet

no keyboard

Two Types of System Software

operating system and utility programs

CDs, DVDs, and Blu-ray Discs are three types of

optical discs

Graphical User Interface

you interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons

Storage Media

where a computer keeps data, instructions, and information

Popular Programming Languages

C++, Java, Javascript, Visual C# and Visual Basic

System Unit

a case that contains the electronic components of the computer that are used to process data

Network

a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communication devices and transmission media

Web Site

a collection of related web pages

Data

a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video

Personal Computer

a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

A Terminal

a device with a monitor, keyboard, and memory

Communication Device

a hardware component that enables a computer to send (transmit) and receive data, instructions and information to and from one or more computers or mobile devices

Mainframe

a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

Operating System

a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices

Embedded Computer

a special purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product, limited hardware

Web Application

a website that allows users to access and interact with software from any computer or device that is connected to the Internet

Telecommuting

a work arrangement in which employees work away from a company's standard workplace and often communicate with the office through the computer

Internet

a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals

Businesses, called ______ ________, offer users and organizations access to the Internet free or for a fee.

access providers

Utility Program

allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices, or its programs

Processer

also called a CPU (central processing unit), is the electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

Software

also called programs, consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a common purpose, that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to perform them

Computer Literacy

also known as digital literacy, involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses

Computer

an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use

Smart Phone

an internet-enabled phone that usually also provides personal information management functions such as a calendar, notepad, calculator, etc

Small/Home Office User (SOHO)

any company with fewer than 50 employees, as well as the self-employed who work from home

Input Device

any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

Output Device

any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

User

anyone who communicates with a computer or utilizes the information it generates

Convertible Tablet

attached keyboard

SOHO users often use _____ business software.

basic

Internet-Enabled

can connect to the internet wirelessly

Web Page

can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video

Two Behavioral Health Risks

computer addiction and technology overload

Memory

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

Web

contains billions of documents called Web Pages

Server

controls access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

Server

controls access to the resources on a network

Information

conveys meaning and is useful to people

Desktop Computer

designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table

Examples of Storage Devices

drives and readers/writers (accept a specific kind of storage media)

Enterprise User

each employee or customer who uses a computer in the enterprise

Home User

each family member, who spends time on the computer for different reasons that include personal financial management, web access, communications, and entertainment

Examples of Power Users

engineers, scientists, architects, desktop publishers, and graphic artists

For security purposes, some keyboards contain a ______ ________, which allows you to work with the computer only if your fingerprint is recognized.

fingerprint reader

Software today often has a ________ user interface.

graphical

3 Commonly Used Output Devices

printer, monitor, speakers

Two Main Components of the Motherboard

processor and memory

Application Software

programs designed to make users more productive and/or assist them with personal tasks

Storage Device

records (writes) and/or retrieves (reads) items to and from storage media

Strategies that Support Green Computing

recycling, regulating manufacturing processes, extending the life of computers, and immediately donating or properly disposing of replaced computers

Power User

requires the capabilities of a work station or other type of powerful computer

Networks allow computers to share _______, such as hardware, software, data, and information.

resources

Examples of Mobile Users

sales reps, real estate agents, insurance agents, meter readers, package delivery people, journalists, consultants, and students

A _____ converts printed material (such as text and pictures) into a form the computer can use.

scanner

Mainframes also act as ______ in a network environment.

servers

A collection of related instructions organized for a common purpose is referred to as ______.

software

Advantages of Using Computers

speed, reliability, consistency, storage, and communications

A computer often holds data, information, and instructions in ______ for future use.

storage

DVD Drive

storage device

DVD

storage media

Although some hard drives are portable, most are housed inside the _____ _____.

system unit

Two Forms of Long-Distance Health Care

telemedicine and telesurgery

Although some forms of memory are permanent, most memory keeps data and instructions _______, which means its contents are erased when the computer is shut off.

temporarily

'Garbage In, Garbage Out'

the accuracy of a computers output depends on the accuracy of the input

Supercomputer

the fastest, most powerful computer-and the most expensive

Hardware

the many electric, electronic, and mechanical components of a computer (input devices, output devices, a system unit, storage devices, and communication devices)

Client

the other computers on the network (each called a client or workstation), request resources from the server

Installing

the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

System Software

the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices

Information Processing Cycle

the series of input, process, output, and storage activities

The Major Differences between Server and Client computers

the server ordinarily has more power, more storage space, and expanded communications capabilities

Instructions

the steps that tell the computer how to perform a particular task

Examples of Storage Media

usb flash drives, hard disks, optical disks, and memory cards

You interact with a program through its ____ _________.

user interface

Online Banking

users access account balances, pay bills, and copy monthly transactions from the bank's computer right into their personal computers

Mobile User

users who work on a computer or mobile device while away from a main office, home office, or school

Home users have a ______ of software.

variety

A Widely Used Type of Application Software (related to communications)

web browser

Online

when a computer connects to a network

Run

when the computer loads the program, which means it is copied from storage to memory