MIS Chapter 3

Challenges of Content Management

-Databases are huge -Content is dynamic -Documents do not exist in isolation -Contents are perishable -In many languages

BI analysis types

-Reporting -Data mining -Big Data

Advances in AI

-computing power increasing exponentially -availability of large data sets -cloud computing making scalable resources available at low costs -rapid increase in network connected smart devices is producing vast amounts of data for AI applications -fundamental breakthroughs in AI techniques have made AUCuseful for a variety of tasks -advances driven by demand for applications that solve practical problems

2 benefits of Knowledge management (KM)

-improves process quality -increases team strength

Benefits of Automated Labor

-reduction in labor costs -won't have to pay for any additional benefits required with human labor -immediately trained -no breaks -no time-wasting activities -no arguments -no scheduling issues -more accurate, precise, consistent

By 2025, nearly ________ million workers could be taken out of the current US labor force of 146 million workers

100 million

Neural network

A computing system modelled after the human brain that is used to predict values and make classifications

Corpus of knowledge

A large set of related data and texts

OLAP cube

A presentation of an OLAP measure with associated dimensions. The reason for this term is that some products show these displays using three axes, like a cube in geometry. Same as OLAP report.

Algorithm

A set of procedures used to solve a mathematical problem

RFM analysis

A technique readily implemented with basic reporting operations to analyze and rank customers according to their purchasing patterns. (R) recently, (F) frequency, (M) money

Turing Test

A test proposed by Alan Turing in which a machine would be judged "intelligent" if the software could use conversation to fool a human into thinking it was talking with a person instead of a machine.

Cluster analysis

A type of common, unsupervised data mining. Statistical techniques identify groups of entities that have similar characteristics

Superintelligence

AI beyond Strong AI: capable of intelligence more advances than human intelligence

unsupervised data mining

Analysts do not create a model or hypothesis before running the analysis. They create hypotheses afterwards, in order to explain the patterns found

Static reports

BI documents that are fixed at the time of creation and do not change

dynamic reports

BI documents that are updated at the time they are requested

Problematic data are termed ________.

Dirty Data (999-999-9999 for a phone number)

Weak AI

Focuses on completing a single specific task

Tasks of BI

Informing, deciding, problem solving, project management

OLAP measure and dimension

Measure = data item of interest Dimension = characteristic of measure (purchase data, customer type, etc)

Regression analysis

Measures the effect of a set of variables in another variable

Deep learning

Multilayered neural network techniques applied to learning task. This has greatly improved accuracy/practical usefulness of AI

Hadoop

Open source program supported by the Apache Foundation that implements MapReduce on potentially thousands of computers

Hadoop's query language is _____

Pig

Naïve Bayes Classifier

Predicts The probability of a certain outcome based on prior occurrences of related events

Natural Language Processing (NLP)

The ability of a computer system to understand spoken human language to answer questions

artificial intelligence (AI)

The ability of a machine to simulate human abilities such as vision, communication, recognition, learning, and decision making in order to achieve a goal

The Singularity

The point at which an AI becomes sophisticated enough that it can adapt and create its own software, and hence, adapt its behavior without human assistance

Knowledge Management (KM)

The process of creating value from intellectual capital and sharing that knowledge with employees, managers, suppliers, customers, and others who need it.

Automation

The process of making systems operate without human intervention

What's the goal of AI?

To create strong AI: AI that can complete all the same tasks a human can

Data Mart

a data collection, smaller than the data warehouse, that addresses the needs of a particular department or functional area of the business

Data Warehouse

a facility for managing an organization's BI data. The functions are to: -Obtain data -Cleanse data -Organize and relate data -Catalog data

decision support system

a synonym for decision-making BI systems

MapReduce

a technique for harnessing the power of thousands of computers working in parallel

Big Data

a term used to describe data collections that are characterized by huge volume, rapid velocity, and great variety.

3 primary activities in the BI process

acquire data, perform analysis, publish results

Structured Data

data in the form of rows and columns

Supervised data mining

data miners develop a model prior to the analysis and apply statistical techniques to data to estimate parameters of the model

Push Publishing

delivers business intelligence to users without any request from the users

Business Intelligence (BI) Systems

information systems that process operational, social, and other data to identify patterns, relationships, and trends for use by business professionals and other knowledge workers

Content Management System (CMS)

information systems that support the management and delivery of documents including reports, web pages, and other expressions of employee knowledge

Reporting Application

is a BI application that inputs data from one or more sources and applies reporting operations to that data to produce business intelligence

Two functions of a BI server

management and delivery

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)

more generic reporting tool than RFM, that provides the ability to sum, count, average, and other simple arithmetic Reports are dynamic—viewer can change report's format

Granularity

refers to the level of detail represented by the data

Exception reports

reports produced when something out of predefined bounds occurs (hospital asking for a report showing doctors who prescribe more than 2x the amount of pain meds than average doctors)

Pull Publishing

requires the user to request BI results

Data mining

the application of statistical techniques to find patterns and relationships among data for classification and prediction

Machine Learning

the extraction of knowledge from data based on algorithms created from training data

BI analysis

the process of creating business intelligence

Publish Results

the process of delivering business intelligence to the knowledge workers who need it

Data Aquisition

the process of obtaining, cleaning, organizing, relating, and cataloging source data

Reporting Analysis

the process of sorting, grouping, summing, filtering, and formatting structured data

BI application

the software component of a BI system

Drill down

to further divide the data into more detail

Subscriptions

user requests for particular BI results on a particular schedule or in response to particular events