MIS Chapter 8

Universal Product Code (UPC)

A typical bar code made up of 12 digits that are batched in various groups. The first digit identifies the item type, the next five digits identify the manufacturer, and the next five identify the product. The last digit is a check digit for error detection.

Location-Based Commerce (L-Commerce)

Location-based mobile commerce.

Location-Based Application and Services

M-commerce B2C applications include location-based services and location-based applications.

Wireless Broadband or WiMAX

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the name for IEEE Standard 802.16 which has a wireless access range of up to 31 miles and a data transfer rate of up to 75 Mbps. It is a secure system, and it offers features such as voice and video.

Ultra-Wideband (UWB)

a high-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission speeds in excess of 100 Mbps which makes UWB a good choice for applications such as streaming multimedia from a personal computer to a television.

Wireless Fidelit (Wi-Fi)

a medium-range WLAN.

Dematerialization

a phenomenon that occurs when the functions of many physical devices are included in one other physical device. Consider that your smartphone includes the functions of digital cameras for images and video, radios, televisions, Internet access via Web browsers, recording studios, editing suites, movie theaters, GPS navigators, word processors, spreadsheets, stereos, flashlights, board games, card games, video games, an entire range of medical devices, maps, atlases, encyclopedias, dictionaries, translators, textbooks, watches, alarm clocks, books, calculators, address books, credit card swipers, magnifying glasses, money and credit cards, car keys, hotel keys, cellular telephony, Wi-Fi, e-mail access, text messaging, a full QWERTY keyboard, and many, many others.

Mobile Computing

a real-time, wireless connection between a mobile device and other computing environments, such as the Internet or an intranet.

Internet of Things (IoT)

a scenario in which objects, animals, and people are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to automatically transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

QR Code

a two-dimensional code, readable by dedicated QR readers and camera phones.

Bluetooth

an industry specification used to create small personal area networks.

Bluetooth 5

can transmit up to approximately 50 megabits per second (Mbps) up to 400 meters (roughly 1300 feet).

First Generation (1G)

cellular networks used analog signals and had low bandwidth (capacity).

Mobile Commerce (m-commerce)

e-commerce (EC) transactions conducted with a mobile device.

Fifth Generation (5G)

expected to be deployed by 2020, 5G networks are predicted to be faster and more intelligent than previous generations of cellular networks. With 5G, wearable computers (e.g., Fitbit), smartphones, tablets, and other devices with sensors that are location- and context-aware will work together with apps and services that you use.

Near-Field Communication (NFC)

has the smallest range of any short-range wireless networks, and is designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell phones and credit cards.

Short-Range Wireless Networks

have a range of 100 feet or less (e.g., Bluetooth, ultra-wideband (UWB), and near-field communications (NFC)).

Fourth Generation (4G)

is not one defined technology or standard. The International Telecommunications Union (ITU) has specified speed requirements for 4G: 100 Mbps (million bits per second) for high-mobility communications such as cars and trains, and 1 Gbps (billion bits per second) for low-mobility communications such as pedestrians. A 4G system is expected to provide a secure all-IP-based mobile broadband system to all types of mobile devices.

Mobility

means that users carry a device with them and can initiate a real-time contact with other systems from wherever they happen to be.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)

networks of interconnected, battery powered, wireless sensors called motes that are placed into the physical environment.

Mobile

something that changes its location over time.

RFID Systems

tags have embedded microchips, which contain data, and antennas to transmit radio signals over a short distance to RFID readers including information that uniquely identifies an item (location and when it was made).

Passive RFID

tags rely entirely on readers for their power, less expensive than active tags, and can be read only up to 20 feet.

Active RFID

tags that use internal batteries for power, and they broadcast radio waves to a reader.

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

technology that allows manufacturers to attach tags with antennas and computer chips on goods and then track their movement through radio signals. RFID was developed to replace bar codes.

Medium-Range Wireless Networks

the familiar wireless local area networks (WLANs) and the most common type of Medium-Range network is wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi).

Third Generation (3G)

uses digital signals and can transmit voice and data up to 384 Kbps when the device is moving at a walking pace, 128 Kbps when it is moving in a car, and up to 2 Mbps when it is in a fixed location. It supports video, Web browsing, and instant messaging.

2.5G

uses digital signals and provides voice and data communication up to 144 Kbps.

Second Generation (2G)

uses digital signals primarily for voice communication; it provides data communication up to 10 Kbps.

Wireless

without wires.