MIS3302

Office automation systems such as Microsoft Office and the OpenOffice.org Productivity Suite provide word processing, spreadsheet, and other personal productivity tools, enabling knowledge workers to accomplish their tasks.

True

________ testing focuses on testing the correctness of individual modules and the integration of multiple modules. A) Developmental B) Alpha C) Beta D) Destructive E) Security

A) Developmental

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, sales force automation is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) customer relationship management B) electronic commerce C) geographic information D) supply chain management E) data mining and visualization

A) customer relationship management

Application software helps to automate business processes, and it enables processes that would otherwise not even be possible.

Answer: TRUE

Bitcoin is an example of a cryptocurrency.

Answer: TRUE

Cloud-based collaboration tools allow for easy access and easy transferability of documents or other files from one person to another. The tools can run on any computer with a Web browser and Internet connectivity.

Answer: TRUE

Companies that have successfully installed enterprise systems are found to follow a basic set of recommendations related to enterprise system implementations.

Answer: TRUE

Crowdsourcing is a cheap way of using labor to produce a product.

Answer: TRUE

For Web sites to be successful, structural firmness is a must.

Answer: TRUE

In the context of organizational requirements for innovation, to deploy innovative information systems well, people in the organization must be willing to do whatever they can to bypass and eliminate internal bureaucracy, set aside political squabbles, and pull together for the common good. These requirements can be categorized as ________ requirements. A) process B) customer C) resource D) quality E) risk tolerance

A) process

Making false accusations that damage the reputation of the victim on blogs, Web sites, chat rooms, or e-commerce sites is a form of cyberstalking.

Answer: TRUE

Master data management is a management rather than a technology-focused issue.

Answer: TRUE

Measured service is typically used in a utility computing model.

Answer: TRUE

One drawback of pay-per-click models is the possibility of abuse by repeatedly clicking on a link to inflate revenue to the host or increase the costs for the advertiser.

Answer: TRUE

Open source software is an example of the power of collective intelligence.

Answer: TRUE

Rather than storing information in separate places throughout the organization, enterprise systems provide a central repository common to all corporate users.

Answer: TRUE

The easiest way to understand computer networking is through the human communication model.

Answer: TRUE

The flow of materials from suppliers to customers can be described as a supply network.

Answer: TRUE

Companies pursuing a click-only business strategy approach business activities in a traditional manner by operating physical locations.

Answer: FALSE

Data dictionaries restrict business rules.

Answer: FALSE

Government-to-business (G2B) EC does not involve businesses' relationships with all levels of government.

Answer: FALSE

IS personnel with service mentality put up roadblocks to customers' new systems ideas and give reasons that the new ideas cannot, or will not, work.

Answer: FALSE

Using a utility computing model, cloud computing helps to transform IT infrastructure costs from a capital expenditure to an operational expenditure.

Answer: TRUE

Virtual teams are commonly used for tasks such as developing systems and software.

Answer: TRUE

Little or no documentation, training, or support for system complexities or problems is a risk for information technology.

Answer: FALSE

Logic bombs are variations of a worm that can reproduce themselves to disrupt the normal functioning of a computer.

Answer: FALSE

Public domain software severely restricts access to the source code and does not give users any rights to copy or modify the software.

Answer: FALSE

Salaries paid to employees are non-recurring costs.

Answer: FALSE

Sequence discovery is used to list procedures to follow when handling a security breach.

Answer: FALSE

Shill bidding is also known as freecycling.

Answer: FALSE

Social sharing and collaboration are two of the core Web 1.0 values.

Answer: FALSE

Spyware is electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings usually posted for the purpose of advertising some product and/or service.

Answer: FALSE

The first phase of the systems development lifecycle is systems design.

Answer: FALSE

The greatest impact of the Web-based EC revolution has occurred in companies adopting the brick-and-mortar approach.

Answer: FALSE

The only drawback of Extensible Markup Language (XML) is that it is not customizable.

Answer: FALSE

The term dumpster diving refers to the task of modifying the operating system to remove manufacturer or carrier restrictions in order to run applications other than those from the official store.

Answer: FALSE

Managers at the ________ level include the president and chief executive officer, vice presidents, and possibly the board of directors. A) functional B) executive C) tactical D) operational E) illusive

B) executive

Briefly describe transaction processing systems.

Transaction processing systems (TPS) are used by a broad range of organizations to not only more efficiently process customer transactions, but also generate a tremendous amount of data that can be used by the organization to learn about customers or ever-changing product trends.

Differentiate between buyer agents and Web crawlers.

Buyer agents search to find the best price for a particular product that a user wishes to purchase. In contrast, Web crawlers are agents that continuously browse the Web for specific information.

The online sales of goods and services are known as ________. A) e-information B) e-integration C) e-tailing D) e-collaboration E) e-filing

C) e-tailing

Business case arguments based on data, quantitative analysis, and/or indisputable factors are known as arguments based on ________. A) fads B) faith C) facts D) fear E) fiction

C) facts

An attribute is also referred to as a ________. A) form B) record C) field D) query E) bot

C) field

A fundamental component of the IS infrastructure is the ________, that is, the computers that run the applications and databases necessary for processing transactions or analyzing business data. A) protocol B) archival storage C) hardware D) system software E) data center

C) hardware

Inventory and safety stock planning ________. A) leads to the development of the overall demand forecast B) focuses on the coordination of all activities needed to create a product or service C) leads to the development of a sourcing plan D) focuses on delivering products or services to consumers as well as warehousing E) leads to the development of a transportation schedule

C) leads to the development of a sourcing plan

Walmart pursues a ________ strategy by which it offers the best prices in its industry on its goods and/or services. A) best-cost provider B) decreased market share C) low-cost leadership D) broad differentiation E) focused differentiation

C) low-cost leadership

According to Thomas Baekdal, which of the following is a critical factor for the success of a viral marketing campaign? A) restricting access to viral content B) doing what the audience expects C) making sequels D) restricting easy distribution E) distributing products for free

C) making sequels

Systems that are used to interact with customers and run a business in real-time are called ________ systems. A) tactical B) strategic C) operational D) informational E) executive

C) operational

A ________ is any computer that may both request and provide services. A) console B) client C) peer D) host E) port

C) peer

Robert receives an e-mail which says that he has won an online lottery worth $50 billion. Robert has his doubts as he does not remember buying a lottery ticket. He finds out that it is a spam e-mail intended to obtain his bank account details and credit card number. Which of the following is evident here? A) a logic bomb B) hacktivism C) phishing D) tunneling E) a worm

C) phishing

Which of the following is the correct order of phases in the systems development life cycle (SDLC)? A) analysis, planning, design, implementation B) analysis, design, planning, implementation C) planning, analysis, design, implementation D) design, analysis, planning, implementation E) design, planning, analysis, implementation

C) planning, analysis, design, implementation

Developmental testing of an information system is performed by ________. A) software testers B) actual users C) programmers D) systems analysts E) project managers

C) programmers

With respect to the five general classes of computers, ________ are typically used for mission critical applications, such as transaction processing. A) workstations B) supercomputers C) servers D) mainframes E) personal computers

D) mainframes

The final phase of the systems development life cycle is systems ________. A) design B) implementation C) analysis D) maintenance E) operation

D) maintenance

In core business processes, which of the following uses a push-based approach? A) order-to-cash B) procure-to-pay C) production-to-order D) make-to-stock E) make-to-order

D) make-to-stock

Companies pursuing a click-and-mortar business strategy have no physical store locations, allowing them to focus purely on electronic commerce.

Answer: FALSE

Data mining agents are also known as shopping bots.

Answer: FALSE

Destructive agents are malicious agents designed by users to attack harmful viruses when they appear on an organization's system.

Answer: FALSE

E-mail is an example of synchronous communication.

Answer: FALSE

Electronic commerce is limited to transactions between businesses and consumers which is known as business-to-consumer (B2C) EC.

Answer: FALSE

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) core components support the primary external activities of the organization that deals with suppliers and customers.

Answer: FALSE

Enterprise resource planning extended components support internal operations such as financial management, operations management, and human resource management.

Answer: FALSE

Functional area information systems are designed to support decision making.

Answer: FALSE

Google Docs is a Web-based e-mail client allowing users to send large attachments and offering large storage space and superior filing and search capabilities.

Answer: FALSE

Google Talk is an enterprise-level collaboration tool that allows users to create group Web sites and share team information.

Answer: FALSE

In a Web 2.0 application, there is a relatively strict distinction between content creators and content consumers.

Answer: FALSE

In a basic relationship, the buyer and the supplier set preferences and prices to benefit each other.

Answer: FALSE

In a distributed online environment, performing real-time analytical processing enhances the performance of transaction processing.

Answer: FALSE

In an entity-relationship diagram, each data entity can have only one attribute that describes it.

Answer: FALSE

With respect to the organizational decision making levels, top-level managers typically focus on problems within a specific business function, such as marketing or finance.

Answer: FALSE

Workstations are optimized for access by many concurrent users and therefore have more advanced microprocessors, more memory, a larger cache, and more disk storage than single-user computers.

Answer: FALSE

Customer relationship management systems collect data that can be mined to discover the next product line extension that consumers covet.

Answer: TRUE

Cyberwar refers to an organized attempt by a country's military to disrupt or destroy the information and communication systems of another country.

Answer: TRUE

Data flows represent the movement of data through an organization or within an information system.

Answer: TRUE

Data mining algorithms search for patterns, trends, or rules that are hidden in the data.

Answer: TRUE

Data-driven organizations make decisions that can be backed up with verifiable data and are measurably more profitable than those that aren't.

Answer: TRUE

E-tailers can focus on the Long Tails

Answer: TRUE

Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) refers to computer-computer communication without any human intervention.

Answer: TRUE

Enterprise resource planning control refers to the locus of control over the computing systems and data contained in these systems, as well as decision making authority.

Answer: TRUE

The idea of mashups came from popular music where many songs are produced by mixing two or more existing songs together.

Answer: TRUE

The main objective of enterprise systems is to create competitive advantage by streamlining business activities within and outside a company.

Answer: TRUE

The make-to-order process uses the pull-based approach.

Answer: TRUE

The processes associated with buying goods from external vendors are together referred to as the procure-to-pay process.

Answer: TRUE

The set of activities that add value throughout the organization is known as the value chain within an organization.

Answer: TRUE

The size of a word in a tag cloud represents its importance or frequency so that it is easy to spot the most important or frequent words or tags.

Answer: TRUE

The structure of data is typically captured in a data model.

Answer: TRUE

The term shoulder surfing refers to looking over one's shoulder while the person is keying in access information.

Answer: TRUE

The term social engineering refers to misrepresenting oneself to trick others into revealing information.

Answer: TRUE

The total cost of ownership is focused on understanding not only the total cost of acquisition, but also all costs associated with ongoing use and maintenance of a system.

Answer: TRUE

The use of information systems has become one of the primary ways that organizations improve their value chains.

Answer: TRUE

There are two major categories of enterprise resource planning (ERP) components—ERP core components and ERP extended components.

Answer: TRUE

Traditionally, the most common option for packaged software was commercial off-the-shelf software.

Answer: TRUE

Transmission media refers to the physical pathway used to carry network information

Answer: TRUE

Typically, shared content is hosted on media sharing sites; however, the content can also be embedded into other sites.

Answer: TRUE

When organizations undergo disintermediation, they have to take on those activities previously performed by the middleman.

Answer: TRUE

________ is a support activity. A) Outbound logistics B) Operations and manufacturing C) Technology development D) Customer service E) Marketing and sales

C) Technology development

Components to support accounting, performance management, and corporate governance are called ________management. A) human resource B) operations C) financial D) personal E) organizing

C) financial

Data ________ represent(s) the movement of data through an organization or within an information system. A) entities B) flux C) attributes D) flows E) modeling

D) flows

A ________ is a form of e-auction which allows businesses to buy seized and surplus government equipment. A) reverse auction B) mystery auction C) top-up D) forward auction E) rafter bid

D) forward auction

The executive level of an organization is also known as the ________ level. A) managerial B) tactical C) operational D) strategic E) illusory

D) strategic

Bar Codes are much more robust than Radio Frequency ID (RFID) because they can be hand scanned quickly.

Answer: FALSE

Business case arguments based on faith require hard data based on system costs.

Answer: FALSE

Discuss the different functional information systems including some of the applications of each.

1) Accounting & Finance: 2) Human Resources: 3) Marketing: 4) Operations:

Discuss three new ways to think about investments in disruptive innovations as suggested by the e-business innovation cycle.

1. Put Technology Ahead of Strategy. 2. Put Technology Ahead of Marketing. 3. Innovation Is Continuous.

If the ABC company is losing customers on a regular basis, the force that would explain this is most likely to be ________. A) the bargaining power of customers or the rivalry of sellers in the industry B) the threat of new entrants or the bargaining power of customers C) the threat of new entrants in an industry or the rivalry of sellers in the industry D) the potential of substitute products or the bargaining power of customers E) the threat of new entrants or the threat of substitute products

B) the threat of new entrants or the bargaining power of customers

If the ________ version does not support a certain business process, the company may require a customized version. A) best-practices B) reengineered C) vanilla D) customized E) modified

C) vanilla

Briefly explain enterprise resource planning (ERP) control.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) control refers to the locus of control over the computing systems and data contained in these systems, as well as decision-making authority. Companies either opt for centralized control or allow particular business units to govern themselves. In the context of ERP, these decisions are based on the level of detail in the information that must be provided to management. Some corporations want to have as much detail as possible made available at the executive level, whereas other companies do not require such access.

Distinguish explicit knowledge assets from tacit knowledge assets.

Explicit knowledge assets reflect knowledge that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of information systems. Explicit knowledge assets reflect much of what is typically stored in a database management system (DBMS).

Countries such as India remain popular for offshore outsourcing because of rising salaries. T/F

False

Data about one's tastes and preferences is an example of demographic data.

False

One of the main reasons for a company to outsource its business is to focus on non-core business activities. T/F

False

Risk tolerance for people within the organization should be low for the deployment of innovative information systems.

False

Software refers to a group of two or more computer systems linked together with communications equipment.

False

TPS are used by a narrow range of organizations only to process customer transactions more efficiently.

False

The development of low-cost computing platforms and communication technologies is an economic change brought about by globalization enabled by information technology. T/F

False

Discuss Peter Drucker's predictions about knowledge workers and the knowledge society.

Knowledge Workers

List Porter's primary competitive forces that analyze the competition within an industry.

Porter's primary competitive forces that analyze the competition within an industry include: 1. the rivalry among competing sellers in an industry. 2. the threat of potential new entrants into an industry. 3. the bargaining power that customers have within an industry. 4. the bargaining power that suppliers have within an industry. 5. the potential for substitute products from other industries.

List and discuss six types of innovation.

Profit model innovation Network innovation Structure innovations Process innovations Product performance innovations Product system innovations Service innovations Channel innovations Brand innovations Customer engagement innovations

Explain the importance of supply chain analytics.

Supply chain analytics refers to the use of key performance indicators to monitor performance of the entire supply chain, including sourcing, planning, production, and distribution. For example, a purchasing manager can identify the suppliers that are frequently unable to meet promised delivery dates. Being able to access key performance metrics can help to identify and remove bottlenecks, such as by switching suppliers, spreading orders over multiple suppliers, expediting shipping for critical goods, and so on.

Briefly describe system software.

System software is the collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware. The most prominent type of system software, the operating system (e.g., Windows 8, OS X, Ubuntu Linux), coordinates the interaction between hardware components (e.g., the CPU and the monitor), peripherals (e.g., printers), application software (e.g., office programs), and users.

Compare and contrast computer viruses and a Trojan horse.

Unlike viruses, Trojan horses do not replicate themselves, but, like viruses, can do much damage. When a Trojan horse is planted in a computer, its instructions remain hidden. The computer appears to function normally, but in fact it is performing underlying functions dictated by the intrusive code.

What are the features that are to be provided to make a Web site functionally convenient?

Web sites should provide easy navigation for users to find their way (and back). They should provide feedback about where the users are on the site, and offer help features. Further, features such as one-click ordering, offering a variety of payment methods, or order tracking can increase the perceived functional convenience of a Web site.

Describe the different classes of computers.

• A supercomputer is the most expensive and most powerful kind of computer. It is used primarily to assist in solving massive scientific problems. • A mainframe computer, while being very large, is used primarily as the main, central computing system for major corporations. • A server is any computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of the network. • Workstations, designed for medical, engineering, architectural, or animation and graphics design uses, are optimized for visualization and rendering of three-dimensional models, and typically have fast processors, large memory, and advanced video cards. • Personal computers (PCs) are used for personal computing and small business computing.

Who among the following coined the term "knowledge worker"? A) Peter Drucker B) Alvin Toffler C) Johannes Gutenberg D) Thomas L. Friedman E) Mark Zuckerberg

A) Peter Drucker

Knowledge portals can be customized to meet the unique needs of their intended users.

Answer: TRUE

Identify a characteristic of the Web that influences a Web site's security and performance. A) structural firmness B) functional convenience C) cost compliance D) representational delight E) disintermediation capacity

A) structural firmness

Industry surveys have shown that 50 percent of companies that undertake enterprise system implementations did not realize any benefits.

Answer: FALSE

Insuring all the systems and information processing tasks is an essential part of risk acceptance strategy.

Answer: FALSE

A honeypot is a computer, data, or network site that is used to penetrate other networks and computer systems to snoop or to cause damage.

Answer: FALSE It is used to attract crackers

________ are a set of activities an organization performs in order to reach their business goals. A) Business processes B) Business standards C) Business technocracies D) Business data flow models E) Business cases

A) Business processes

Production scheduling leads to the development of a sourcing plan.

Answer: FALSE Production scheduling leads to Procurement plan, Inventory scheduling leads to sourcing plan

The fundamental information units of computers are called relays.

Answer: FALSE Relay is just a switch Information units are transistors

Desktop videoconferencing has been enabled by the growing power of processors powering personal computers and faster Internet connections.

Answer: TRUE

Electronic commerce can involve the events leading up to the purchase of a product as well as customer service after the sale.

Answer: TRUE

________ decisions deal with complex problems with broad and long-term ramifications for an organization. A) Executive-level B) Functional-level C) Tactical-level D) Operational-level E) Managerial-level

A) Executive-level

________ is a standard for exchanging structured information over the Web. A) Extensible Markup Language B) JavaScript C) MySQL D) Active Server Pages E) Unified Modeling Language

A) Extensible Markup Language

________ software are applications written by third-party vendors that are used by many different users and organizations. A) Packaged B) Custom C) Bespoke D) Personalized E) Tailored

A) Packaged

Describe the elements that must be considered during the systems design phase of the software development lifecycle (SDLC).

(1) human-computer interface, (2) databases and files, and (3) processing and logic.

Discuss a few steps taken to maintain one's privacy when shopping online.

1. Choose Web Sites That Are Monitored by Independent Organizations 2. Avoid Having "Cookies" Left on the Machine 3. Visit Sites Anonymously 4. Use Caution When Requesting Confirmation E-Mail 5. Beware What You Post or Say Online

Explain the organizational requirements for innovation

1. Process requirements—To deploy innovative information systems well, people in the organization must be willing to do whatever they can to bypass and eliminate internal bureaucracy, set aside political squabbles, and pull together for the common good. 2. Resource requirements—Organizations deploying innovative information systems must also have the human capital necessary to deploy the new systems. 3. Risk tolerance requirements—The last characteristic of an organization ready for the deployment of innovative information systems is that its members must have the appropriate tolerance for risk and uncertainty as well as the willingness to deploy and use new systems that may not be as proven and pervasive as more traditional technologies

Write a short note on information systems risk assessment. What are the three ways in which organizations react to perceived risks?

1. Risk Reduction 2. Risk Acceptance 3. Risk Transference

Write a note on electronic meeting systems.

A category of groupware which focuses on helping groups have better meetings is commonly referred to as electronic meeting systems (EMSs). An EMS is essentially a collection of personal computers networked together with sophisticated software tools to help group members solve problems and make decisions through interactive electronic idea generation, evaluation, and voting. EMSs have traditionally been housed within a dedicated meeting facility; increasingly, Web-based implementations support team members around the globe.

Explain the process of consolidating data from operational systems with other organizational data.

A crucial process for consolidating data from operational systems with other organizational data—to facilitate the use of data mining techniques to gain the greatest and broadest understanding from the data—is extraction, transformation, and loading. First, the data need to be extracted from different systems. In the transformation stage, data are being cleansed and manipulated to fit the needs of the analysis. Data cleansing refers to the process of detecting, correcting (e.g., standardizing the format), or removing corrupt or inaccurate data retrieved from different systems. Finally, the transformed data are loaded into the data warehouse and are ready for being used for complex analyses.

Define a database management system. What is an entity? Differentiate between records and attributes.

A database management system (DBMS) is a software application with which you create, store, organize, and retrieve data from a single database or several databases. In the DBMS, the individual database is a collection of related attributes about entities. An entity is something you collect data about, such as people or classes. We often think of entities as tables, where each row is a record and each column is an attribute. This is also referred to as a field. A record is a collection of related attributes about a single instance of an entity. Each record typically consists of many attributes, which are individual pieces of information.

Describe geographic information systems.

A geographic information system (GIS) is a system for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing geographically referenced information. A GIS can visualize features and relationships between features drawn from an underlying geographic database that describes the data in geographic terms and attribute data so as to enable inquiry and analysis. Using GIS, analysts can combine geographic, demographic, and other data for locating target customers, finding optimal site locations, or determining the right product mix at different locations. Additionally, GIS can perform a variety of analyses, such as market share analysis and competitor analysis. GIS provides a user with a blank map of an area. The user can then add information stored in different layers, each resembling a transparency containing different information about an area.

Briefly explain location-based m-commerce.

A key driver for m-commerce is location-based services, which are highly personalized mobile services based on a user's location. Location-based services are implemented via the cellular network, Wi-Fi networks, and Global Positioning System (GPS) functionality, now built into most modern cell phones. Location-based services allow the service provider to offer information or services tailored to the consumers' needs, depending on their location. For example, search engines can provide specific information about attractions or restaurants located in the user's vicinity, retail stores can enhance store locators with navigation instructions, or users can receive real-time traffic or public transport information.

List and explain the different components of a network.

A network consists of three separate components-servers, clients, and peers. • A server is any computer on the network that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of the network. Servers only provide services. • A client is any computer, such as a user's PC or laptop, on the network, or any software application, such as Microsoft's Outlook e-mail client, that uses the services provided by the server. Clients only request services. A client usually has only one user, whereas many different users share the server. • A peer is any computer that may both request and provide services.

________ integrates data from various operational systems. A) A data warehouse B) A metadata repository C) Data modeling D) Master data E) Data mining

A) A data warehouse

________ contains spyware that collects information about a person's Web surfing behavior in order to customize Web site banner advertisements. A) Adware B) Malware C) Firmware D) A cookie E) A honeypot

A) Adware

________ focuses on studying customer behavior and perceptions in order to provide the business intelligence necessary to identify new opportunities and to provide superior customer service. A) Analytical customer relationship management (CRM) B) Sales force automation C) Operational customer relationship management (CRM) D) Collaborative design automation E) Integrated customer relationship management (CRM)

A) Analytical customer relationship management (CRM)

Ben buys a camera from Xenthix which starts malfunctioning, as the camera fell from his hand and broke its lens. When he opts for an exchange, the customer representative says that an exchange or repair is not possible because the damage is of a physical nature and not covered under warranty. Which of the following consequences, if true, would be an example of consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce? A) Ben sells the camera to Balvinder Singh on Iora.com. B) Ben files an online suit against Xenthix. C) Ben files a complaint on Xenthix's Web site asking for a refund. D) Ben buys another camera from Xenthix's online store. E) Ben sells the camera to the world's largest used camera dealer, Koenister.com.

A) Ben sells the camera to Balvinder Singh on Iora.com.

________ management is a systematic, structured approach to improvement, in which people critically examine, rethink, and redesign business processes in order to achieve dramatic improvements in one or more performance measures, such as quality, cycle time, or cost. A) Business process B) Business activity C) Business service D) Application performance E) Application service

A) Business process

A(n) ________ is a label that is inserted into an XML document in order to specify how the data contained in the document or a portion of the document should be interpreted and/or used. A) Extensible Markup Language (XML) tag B) Extensible Markup Language (XML) query C) Extensible Markup Language (XML) Unicode D) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML E) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) font

A) Extensible Markup Language (XML) tag

________ is an attempt to trick financial account and credit card holders into giving away their authentication information, usually by sending spam messages to literally millions of e-mail accounts. A) Phishing B) Cyber tunneling C) Viral marketing D) Logic bombing E) Hacking

A) Phishing

________ are alternative measures of outcomes that help clarify the impact a change will have on the firm. A) Proxy variables B) Pseudocodes C) Constants D) Prototypes E) Protocols

A) Proxy variables

Which of the following statements is true about supply chain management (SCM)? A) SCM systems are used to improve business processes that span organizational boundaries. B) SCM systems cannot automate the supply chain. C) SCM systems are often integrated with legacy systems. D) SCM systems are used by mostly smaller organizations. E) SCM systems are great standalone systems, but cannot be integrated with an ERP system.

A) SCM systems are used to improve business processes that span organizational boundaries.

Which of the following is NOT one of Porter's five primary forces? A) Threat of flooding the industry with excellent products B) Rivalry among competing sellers in an industry C) Threat of potential new entrants in an industry D) Bargaining power of suppliers in an industry E) Substitute products from another industry

A) Threat of flooding the industry with excellent products

________ is used by organizations to determine patterns in customers' usage data. A) Web usage mining B) Web crawling C) Text mining D) Decision making E) Web content mining

A) Web usage mining

A(n) ________ system is a special purpose information system designed to provide assistance to organizational decision making related to a particular recurring problem. A) decision support B) intelligent C) expert D) decision generator E) decision level

A) decision support

Which of the following key elements of supply chain execution includes information related to payment schedules, consignment, and ownership of products and materials? A) financial flow B) personnel flow C) information flow D) product flow E) material flow

A) financial flow

The term ________ was coined by Harvard business professor Jeffrey Rayport to describe how good business techniques can be driven by word-of-mouth or person-to-person communication. A) viral marketing B) e-business C) stealth market D) affiliate business E) blog marketing

A) viral marketing

A(n) ________ is a network connection that is constructed dynamically within an existing network in order to connect users or nodes. A) virtual private network B) ambient network C) cognitive network D) collaborative service network E) artificial network

A) virtual private network

Ransomware is a type of adware.

Answer: FALSE

A wiki is a Web site allowing people to post, add, edit, comment, and access information.

Answer: TRUE

Using enterprise marketing management (EMM) tools can help integrate various promotional campaigns such that the right messages are sent to the right people through the right channels.

Answer: TRUE

Visual analytics is also known as visual data discovery.

Answer: TRUE

Web 2.0 applications allow people to collaborate and share information online.

Answer: TRUE

Web sites can offer a virtually unlimited number and variety of products because e-tailing is not limited by physical store and shelf space restrictions.

Answer: TRUE

When Web pages are designed using semantic principles, computers will be able to read the pages, and search engines will be able to give richer and more accurate answers.

Answer: TRUE

With respect to online privacy, list the widely accepted fair information practice principles outlined by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission which must be followed by businesses operating online.

As outlined in the U.S. Federal Trade Commission "Fair Information Practice Principles" widely accepted fair information practices include: 1. Notice/Awareness; 2. Choice/Consent; 3. Access/Participation; 4. Integrity/Security; 5. Enforcement/Redress.

Explain the differences between tactical-level decision making and executive-level decision making by managers in organizations.

At the managerial level (or tactical level) of the organization, functional managers focus on monitoring and controlling operational-level activities and providing information to higher levels of the organization. Managers at this level, referred to as midlevel managers, focus on effectively utilizing and deploying organizational resources to achieve the strategic objectives of the organization. Managerial-level decision making is not nearly as structured or routine as operational-level decision making. Managerial-level decision making is referred to as semistructured decision making because solutions and problems are not clear-cut and often require judgment and expertise. At the executive level (or strategic level) of the organization, managers focus on long-term strategic questions facing the organization, such as which products to produce, which countries to compete in, and what organizational strategy to follow. Executive-level decisions deal with complex problems with broad and long-term ramifications for the organization.

________ includes tags for data such as annual and quarterly reports, Securities and Exchange Commission filings, general ledger information, and net revenue and accounting schedules. A) Extensible Application Markup Language B) Extensible Business Reporting Language C) Extensible Access Control Markup Language D) Enterprise Mashup Markup Language E) Extensible Rights Markup Language

B) Extensible Business Reporting Language

The Game, Inc. company is offering a new game that can expand exponentially to new users. The company is offering the very basic game for free allowing the user to upgrade to several levels of a paid subscription model. Choose the selection below that best exemplifies this revenue model. A) Affiliate marketing B) Freemium C) Channel marketing D) Licensing E) Subscriptions

B) Freemium

________ is an example of a collaboration management tool. A) MS Outlook B) MS SharePoint C) Google Talk D) Apple FaceTime E) Wikipedia

B) MS SharePoint

________ is the first component of an operational customer relationship management system that supports a broad range of business processes, such as tracking and managing customer history and preferences, account and contact management, and order processing and tracking. A) Enterprise marketing management B) Sales force automation C) Data warehousing D) Execution management E) Customer service and support

B) Sales force automation

________ is the process of analyzing an organization's activities to determine where value is added to products and/or services and what costs are incurred for doing so. A) Value networking B) Value chain analysis C) Value migration D) Value shop E) Value grid trial

B) Value chain analysis

The auction site eBay.com is an example of ________ electronic commerce. A) business-to-business B) consumer-to-consumer C) business-to-consumer D) consumer-to-business E) government-to-business

B) consumer-to-consumer

Identify a major ethical challenge society faces today when considering the strong linkage between computer literacy and a person's ability to compete in the information age. A) horizontal disparity B) digital divide C) electronic gap D) power distance E) knowledge divide

B) digital divide

In a URL, the ________ is the particular Web server or group of Web servers (if it is a larger Web site) that will respond to the Web request. A) domain name B) host name C) client name D) top-level domain name E) port name

B) host name

Which of the following is a governmental challenge of operating in the digital world? A) differences in power distance and uncertainty avoidance B) import and export regulations C) aging population in the United States D) videoconferences across different time zones E) availability of labor force and salary differences

B) import and export regulations

Connecting host computers and their networks together to form even larger networks is called ________. A) data mining B) internetworking C) Ethernet framing D) network simulation E) queuing

B) internetworking

A system that communicates across organizational boundaries is also referred to as a(n) ________ system. A) legacy B) interorganizational C) intraorganizational D) internally focused E) stand-alone

B) interorganizational

When a Web site ensures privacy and security of the consumer's data, ________ can be achieved. A) reintermediation B) structural firmness C) disintermediation D) functional convenience E) representational delight

B) structural firmness

The network effect refers to the notion that the value of a network is dependent on ________. A) the speed of the network B) the number of other users C) the knowledge of the users D) the commitment of the users E) the technical expertise of the moderators

B) the number of other users

A method for deciding among different information system (IS) investments or when considering alternative designs for a given system is ________ analysis. A) transactional B) weighted multicriteria C) finite element D) independent component E) link quality

B) weighted multicriteria

Compare and contrast business process management and total quality management.

Business process management (BPM) is similar to quality improvement approaches such as total quality management in that they are intended to be cross-functional approaches to improve an organization. BPM differs from these quality improvement approaches, however, in one fundamental way. These quality improvement approaches tend to focus on incremental change and gradual improvement of processes, while the intention behind BPM is radical redesign and drastic improvement of processes

Which of the following statements is true about knowledge? A) It has no meaning in and of itself. B) It is a set of unformatted words and numbers. C) It is the ability to understand information. D) It helps to convert information into raw data. E) It has little value in comparison with raw data.

C) It is the ability to understand information.

Identify a true statement about a vulnerability scanner. A) It analyzes network traffic and captures unencrypted passwords. B) It presents a view of long-term technology integration. C) It tests targeted systems for weaknesses. D) It presents a view of short-term technology integration. E) It ensures high-quality leads when a search is conducted online.

C) It tests targeted systems for weaknesses.

________ sites create social online communities where individuals with a broad and diverse set of interests meet and collaborate. A) Crowdsourcing B) Social cataloging C) Social networking D) Social bookmarking E) Media sharing

C) Social networking

________ is the ability of a page to attract and keep visitors. A) Normalization B) Freecycling C) Stickiness D) Crowdsourcing E) Showrooming

C) Stickiness

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, a word processor is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) electronic commerce B) supply chain management C) office automation D) geographic information E) data mining and virtualization

C) office automation

Which of the following examples explains the improved planning benefit of using a customer relationship management (CRM) system? A) enabling improved record keeping and efficient methods of capturing customer complaints that help to identify problems faster B) learning how each customer defines product and service quality so that customized product, pricing, and services can be designed or developed collaboratively C) providing mechanisms for managing and scheduling sales follow-ups to assess satisfaction, repurchase probabilities, time frames, and frequencies D) tracking customer behavior over time that helps to identify future opportunities for product and service offerings E) providing integrated information that removes information handoffs, thereby speeding both sales and support processes

C) providing mechanisms for managing and scheduling sales follow-ups to assess satisfaction, repurchase probabilities, time frames, and frequencies

Which of the following characteristics of the Web deals with stimulating a consumer's senses? A) functional convenience B) cost compliance C) representational delight D) structural firmness E) disintermediation capacity

C) representational delight

A company implements a new information system and observes a 5 percent increase in its monthly sales. This is a(n) ________ of the system. A) intangible benefit B) tangible cost C) tangible benefit D) recurring cost E) non-recurring cost

C) tangible benefit

Designing and developing applications that support the primary business activities are a part of the ________ activities. A) operations and manufacturing B) outbound logistics C) technology development D) procurement E) inbound logistics

C) technology development

Which of the following U.S. laws amended the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act to allow investigators to easily access voice-related communications? A) the Non-Detention Act B) the Espionage Act C) the Patriot Act D) the Video Privacy Protection Act E) the Clery Act

C) the Patriot Act

The term urbanization is best described as ________. A) the expansion of city boundaries B) the movement of urban areas to the country C) the movement of rural populations to urban areas D) the movement of people between cities E) the loss of people in major cities

C) the movement of rural populations to urban areas

Manufacturers of hardware and software often apply the concept of planned obsolescence, meaning that ________. A) the companies have already decided when to launch their next product B) the product is designed in such a way as to extend its life span C) the product is designed to last only for a certain life span D) the product is designed to avoid obsolescence E) the companies do not enter markets that have the risk of product obsolescence

C) the product is designed to last only for a certain life span

Which of the following goods are typically produced under a make-to-order approach? A) expensive high-volume goods B) cheap high-volume goods C) very expensive low-volume goods D) mass-produced goods E) goods from external vendors

C) very expensive low-volume goods

Most companies allow their employees to use ________ networks to connect to the company's intranet while on the road or working from home. A) near-me area B) metropolitan area C) virtual private D) body sensor E) storage area

C) virtual private

With respect to computer networks, ________ are also referred to as Wi-Fi networks. A) storage area networks B) wireless body sensor networks C) wireless local area networks D) campus area networks E) personal area networks

C) wireless local area networks

Briefly discuss the types of clouds.

Cloud service providers such as Amazon.com offer what is referred to as a public cloud. Services in a public cloud can be used by any interested party on a pay-per-use basis; hence, they are often used for applications that need rapid scalability (i.e., the ability to adapt to increases or decreases in demand for processing or data storage), or in cases where there is insufficient capital or other resources to build or expand an IT infrastructure. In contrast, a private cloud (or internal cloud) is internal to an organization and can help the organization to balance demand and supply of computing resources within the organization; similar to a public cloud, a private cloud provides self-service access to resources, allowing business users to provision resources on-demand using a utility computing model. A private cloud does not free an organization from the issues associated with managing the cloud infrastructure, but it does give the organization a high degree of customizability, flexibility, and control over its data and applications.

Why do organizations need integrated enterprise systems?

Companies can gain several advantages by integrating and converting stand-alone systems, so that information stored on separate computing platforms can be consolidated to provide a centralized point of access—which typically comes in the form of enterprise resource planning applications.

What are the different types of software maintenance?

Corrective maintenance: Making changes to an information system to repair flaws in the design, coding, or implementation. Adaptive maintenance: Making changes to an information system to evolve its functionality, to accommodate changing business needs, or to migrate it to a different operating environment. Perfective maintenance: Making enhancements to improve processing performance or interface usability, or adding desired, but not necessarily required, system features. Preventive maintenance: Making changes to a system to reduce the chance of future system failure.

Which of the following is an example of an operating system? A) Safari B) Microsoft Office C) Mozilla Firefox D) Ubuntu Linux E) Microsoft Surface

D) Ubuntu Linux

Online retailer Amazon.com is an example of a ________ company. A) click-and-mortar B) click-and-flip C) bricks-and-clicks D) click-only E) brick-and-mortar

D) click-only

Information systems at the ________ level of an organization often help in automating repetitive activities. A) tactical B) strategic C) managerial D) operational E) executive

D) operational

The first phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is systems ________. A) design B) implementation C) analysis D) planning and selection E) operation

D) planning and selection

Which of the following is an example of synchronous communication? A) online reviews B) work flow automation systems C) bulletin board systems D) videoconferencing E) e-mail

D) videoconferencing

Which of the following analyses involves making hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observing how these changes influence the results? A) predictive analysis B) time-series analysis C) linear regression analysis D) what-if analysis E) multivariate analysis

D) what-if analysis

Which of the following is a difference between a server and a workstation? A) A workstation has fast network connectivity when compared to a server. B) A workstation is used primarily as the main, central computing system for major corporations. C) A workstation has high reliability when compared to a server. D) A workstation has more memory and more disk storage when compared to a server. E) A workstation is typically used by one user at a time.

E) A workstation is typically used by one user at a time.

A(n) ________ is a compilation of data from a database that is organized and produced in printed format. A) form B) attribute C) field D) entity E) report

E) report

With respect to organizational decision-making levels, ________ decisions can be programmed directly into operational information systems so that they can be made with little or no human intervention. A) asymmetrical B) semistructured C) unstructured D) comparative E) structured

E) structured

Why are information systems typically used at the operational level? A) to create a risk information sheet B) to define all project tasks C) to identify all business activities D) to create use cases E) to increase efficiency

E) to increase efficiency

In the context of GPS-enabled location-based services, the ability to see another person's location is an example of ________ service. A) reintegration B) navigation C) mapping D) disintegration E) tracking

E) tracking

With respect to computer networking, ________ refers to the physical pathway (cable(s) and wireless) used to carry network information. A) multiplatform B) transmission control protocol C) random-access memory D) traceroute E) transmission media

E) transmission media

Briefly explain enterprise resource planning core components.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) core components support the important internal activities of the organization for producing their products and services. These components support the following internal operations: 1. Financial Management. Components to support accounting, financial reporting, performance management, and corporate governance. 2. Operations Management. Components to simplify, standardize, and automate business processes related to inbound and outbound logistics, product development, manufacturing, and sales and service. 3. Human Resource Management. Components to support employee recruitment, assignment tracking, performance reviews, payroll, and regulatory requirements.

The purpose of a knowledge management system is to create, store, analyze, and manage spatial data.

False The purpose is to create value and meet strategical requirements.

Briefly describe social bookmarking.

For many Web surfers, key challenges are finding information and finding it again at a later time; hence, people often keep long lists of bookmarks to sites they find interesting or visit frequently. Although this is useful for an individual, he or she may miss a plethora of other, related, and potentially interesting Web sites. Social bookmarking helps to address this by allowing users to share Internet bookmarks and to create categorization systems (referred to as folksonomies). As more people participate in social bookmarking, the value for each user grows as the bookmarks become more complete and more relevant to each user. Widely used public social bookmarking tools include reddit and Delicious. For organizations, social bookmarking can be extremely valuable for knowledge management and harnessing the collective intelligence of employees. Using enterprise-oriented social bookmarking tools, it is easy to map "islands" of knowledge within an organization, thus helping to easily find experts on a given topic.

Explain the e-government relationships.

Government-to-citizen (G2C) EC allows for interactions between federal, state, and local governments and their constituents. The Internal Revenue Service's Internet tax filing, or e-filing, is one of the more recognizable G2C tools, saving resources in terms of time and paper. Another e-government tool in wide use today is grants.gov. Government-to-business (G2B) is similar to G2C, but this form of EC involves businesses' relationships with all levels of government. This includes e-procurement, in which the government streamlines its supply chain by purchasing materials directly from suppliers using its proprietary Internet-enabled procurement system. Government-to-government (G2G) EC is used for electronic interactions that take place between countries or between different levels of government within a country.

Briefly describe grid computing.

Grid computing refers to combining the computing power of a large number of smaller, independent, networked computers (often regular desktop PCs) into a cohesive system in order to solve problems that only supercomputers were previously capable of solving. Similar to cloud computing, grid computing makes use of distributed resources; however, in contrast to cloud computing, the resources in a grid are typically applied to a single large problem. To make grid computing work, large computing tasks are broken into small chunks, each of which can then be completed by individual computers. However, as the individual computers are also in regular use, the individual calculations are performed during the computers' idle time so as to maximize the use of existing resources.

Why aren't IP addresses normally used to navigate Web addresses instead of domain names?

IP addresses can be used instead of URLs to navigate to particular Web addresses. This practice is not done regularly, as IP addresses are far more difficult to remember than domain names, and an organization may assign its domain name to a server with a different IP address. While the IP address behind a domain name may change, the domain name stays the same.

Briefly explain Moore's law.

In 1965, Intel cofounder Dr. Gordon Moore hypothesized that the number of transistors on a chip would double about every two years. When Moore made this bold prediction, he did not limit it to any specified period of time. This prediction became known as Moore's Law. Interestingly, whereas the first CPU had 2,200 transistors, the newest models have broken the 5-billion-transistor mark, so Dr. Moore's prediction has been fairly accurate so far. The number of transistors that can be packed into a modern CPU and the speed at which processing and other activities occur are remarkable. For example, the Intel Core i7 Extreme CPU can complete hundreds of millions of operations every second.

Discuss the Electronic Communications Privacy Act and its implications for e-mail privacy.

In 1986, Congress passed the Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA), which offered far stronger support for voice mail than it did for e-mail communications. This act made it much more difficult for anyone (including the government) to eavesdrop on phone conversations. E-mail privacy is, therefore, much harder to protect. In addition, no other laws at the federal or state levels protect e-mail privacy.

Write a short note on a continuous planning process and how it is executed.

In a continuous planning process, organizations continuously monitor and analyze business processes. The results lead to ongoing adjustments to how the organization is managed, but these results are also reflected in ongoing updates to the organizational plans. It is only through timely and accurate business intelligence that continuous planning can be executed.

Write a short note on the infrastructure as a service model.

In the infrastructure as a service (IaaS) model, only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. Hence, the customer has the most control over the resources. The IaaS model provides the customer with the greatest flexibility; on the other hand, while the infrastructure is provided, managing licenses for operating systems and so on is still the responsibility of the customer, and setup costs are considerably higher.

Write a short note on the make-to-stock and make-to-order process.

In the make-to-stock process, goods are produced based on forecasts and are stocked in a warehouse (i.e., a push-based approach); sales orders are then fulfilled from inventory. In contrast, in the make-to-order process, raw materials, subcomponents, and accessories are procured based on forecasts, but actual manufacturing does not start until sales orders are received (a pull-based approach); in extreme cases, even design and engineering start only when an order is received. For example, mass-produced goods, such as television sets or home appliances, are typically produced under a make-to-stock approach.

Distinguish between the software as a service model and the platform as a service model.

In the software as a service (SaaS) model, the customer uses an application provided via a cloud infrastructure. The consumer cares only about the application, with no knowledge or control over the underlying infrastructure and has only limited ability to control or configure application-specific settings. The customer does not have to worry about maintaining or updating the software, the underlying platform, or the hardware infrastructure. In the platform as a service (PaaS) model, the customer can run his or her own applications that are designed using tools provided by the service provider. In this model, the user has control over the applications, but has limited or no control over the underlying infrastructure. As the underlying computing platform is provided, the customer does not have to worry about purchasing software licenses, such as operating systems for Web servers or database management systems, and the service provider manages the functioning and updating of the platform provided.

Briefly describe the information flow element of a supply chain.

Information flow refers to the movement of information along the supply chain, such as order processing and delivery status updates. Information can flow up or down the supply chain as needed. The key element to the information flow is the complete removal of paper documents. Specifically, all information about orders, fulfillment, billing, and consolidation is shared electronically. These paperless information flows save not only paperwork, but also time and money. Additionally, because supply chain management (SCM) systems use a central database to store information, all supply chain partners have access to most current information at all times.

Define internally focused systems and externally focused systems.

Information systems (IS) can be used to gain and sustain competitive advantage by supporting and/or streamlining activities along the value chain. IS can be used to support either internally or externally focused business processes. Internally focused systems support functional areas, business processes, and decision making within an organization. These activities can be viewed as a series of links in a chain along which information flows within the organization. In contrast, externally focused systems coordinate business processes with customers, suppliers, business partners, and others who operate outside organizational boundaries.

Explain how information systems implemented in the operational level are different from those implemented at the strategic level.

Information systems at the operational level are designed to automate repetitive activities, such as sales transaction processing, and to improve the efficiency of business processes at the customer interface. Information systems at the strategic level are used to obtain aggregate summaries of trends and projections of the future. At the executive level, information systems provide KPIs that are focused on balancing performance across the organization

Explain the organizational issues associated with implementing an Enterprise 2.0 strategy strictly from the perspective of organizational hierarchies, technological inertia, and security concerns.

Often, Enterprise 2.0 initiatives are driven by user departments, and small-scale pilot implementations appear to work quite well. However, organization-wide Enterprise 2.0 implementations typically need changes in terms of organizational culture and processes and often the flattening of organizational hierarchies. Therefore, to be successful, Enterprise 2.0 implementations need the support and active involvement of senior management to cope with the large magnitude of changes. One factor hindering the adoption of many new technologies is technological inertia. In many cases, people are not willing to switch to new applications unless they see real, tangible benefits. This can be especially a hindrance with social media applications, many of which incorporate a variety of other tools. A final issue is related to security and intellectual property. For organizations, securing their information systems infrastructure is of paramount concern. Any application that allows closer collaboration by increasing data sharing will necessarily incur greater risks of security breaches. Companies thus have to balance their desire for enhancing collaboration with the need to protect intellectual property and comply with rules and regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Explain how scalability is an issue for organizations when managing their cloud infrastructure.

One of the biggest promises of cloud computing is scalability, such that organizations can scale up or down their infrastructure as needed. Yet, not every provider will be able to meet every organization's demands. Thus, organizations must carefully evaluate to what extent the provider will be able to meet current and future business needs in terms of data storage, transaction volumes, and so on.

Briefly explain the procure-to-pay process.

Online retailers need to manage suppliers, place purchase orders, receive the products, allocate warehouse space, receive and pay invoices, and handle potential disputes. These processes associated with procuring goods from external vendors are together referred to as the procure-to-pay process. Subprocesses of the procure-to-pay process include price and terms negotiations, issuing of the purchase order, receiving the goods, and receiving and paying the invoice.

How can a consumer's need for representational delight be fulfilled while designing a Web site?

The consumer's need for representational delight can be fulfilled by creating a unique look and feel that can separate a Web site from its competitors. Aesthetics can include the use of color schemes, backgrounds, and high-quality images. Furthermore, Web sites can have a clear, concise, and consistent layout, taking care to avoid unnecessary clutter.

Discuss the difference between being effective and being efficient.

The extent to which something is accomplished faster, at lower cost, or with relatively little time and effort is being efficient. The extent to which something is accomplished well is being effective.

What is the digital divide? Identify its challenges.

The gap between those individuals in our societies who are computer literate and have access to information resources like the Internet and those who do not is referred to as the digital divide. The digital divide is one of the major ethical challenges facing society today when you consider the strong linkage between computer literacy and a person's ability to compete in the information age.

Discuss the guidelines given by the Computer Ethics Institute regarding ethical use of computers.

The guidelines prohibit the following: -Using a computer to harm others -Interfering with other people's computer work -Snooping in other people's files -Using a computer to steal -Using a computer to bear false witness -Copying or using proprietary software without paying for it -Using other people's computer resources without authorization or compensation -Appropriating other people's intellectual output In addition, the guidelines recommend the following: -Thinking about social consequences of programs you write and systems you design -Using a computer in ways that show consideration and respect for others

How does securing executive sponsorship contribute to an enterprise resource planning's success?

The primary reason that enterprise system implementations fail is believed to be a direct result of the lack of top-level management support. Although executives do not necessarily need to make decisions concerning the enterprise system, it is critical that they buy into the decisions made by project managers. Many problems can arise if projects fail to grab the attention of top-level management. In most companies, executives have the ultimate authority regarding the availability and distribution of resources within the organization. If executives do not understand the importance of the enterprise system, this will likely result in delays or stoppages because the necessary resources may not be available when they are needed.

Describe the technical, business, and systems competencies that IS personnel should possess.

The technical competency area includes knowledge and skills in hardware, software, networking, and security. The business competency area is one that sets the IS professional apart from others who have only technical knowledge and skills.

Advances in cloud computing (think Gmail, Evernote, or DropBox) allow for accessing e-mails, files, notes, and the like from different devices, enhancing portability and mobility in computing. T/F

True

An information system is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and distribute data.

True

Globalization is the integration of economies throughout the world, enabled by innovation and technological progress. T/F

True

IS personnel with service mentality believe that the customers own the technology and the information and that the technology and information are there for the customers, not for the systems personnel.

True

Increase in frequency of international travel, tourism, and immigration is a cultural change brought about by globalization enabled by information technology.

True

Knowledge is the ability to understand information, form opinions, and make decisions or predictions based on the information.

True

The trend of using one's own device for communicating in the workplace is an example of consumerization of IT. T/F

True

The use of nearly any information technology or system to support every part of the business is known as e-business. T/F

True

Define viral marketing. Mention some of the forms that can be taken by viral marketing.

Viral marketing is using the network effect to increase brand awareness. The term viral marketing was coined by Harvard business professor Jeffrey Rayport to describe how good marketing techniques can be driven by word-of-mouth or person-to-person communication, similar to how real viruses are transmitted through offline social networks. Rather than creating traditional banner ads or sending out massive amounts of spam, businesses create advertisements in a way that entices the viewers to share the message with their friends through e-mail or social networks so that the message will spread like a virus. Viral marketing can take many forms, such as video clips, e-books, flash games, and even text messages.

List the commonly used methods in which technology is employed to safeguard information systems.

1. Physical access restrictions 2. Firewalls 3. Encryption 4. Virus monitoring and prevention 5. Software development controls 6. Secure data centers 7. Human safeguards

Explain various types of information systems controls.

1. Preventive controls 2. Detective controls 3. Corrective controls

List and explain the main steps in the systems development life cycle (SDLC).

1. Systems planning and selection 2. Systems analysis 3. Systems design 4. Systems implementation and operation

Briefly summarize the concept of online classifieds.

: Online classifieds is a type of C2C e-commerce. Although online classifieds sites such as craigslist.com are enabled by Web capabilities, no transactions take place online. Yet, online classifieds have flourished in recent years, enabling people to sell anything from flowers to furniture. A related concept that has gained popularity is "freecycling," that is, giving away goods for free to anyone who is willing to pick them up. Likewise, C2C marketplaces such as Etsy allow individuals to sell vintage or handmade products to other consumers.

Briefly describe the benefits of e-tailing.

: E-tailing can provide many benefits over traditional brick-and-mortar retailing in terms of the marketing concepts of product, place, and price. • Product Benefits: Web sites can offer a virtually unlimited number and variety of products because e-tailing is not limited by physical store and shelf space restrictions. For instance, e-tailer Amazon.com offers millions of book titles on the Web, compared to a local brick-and-mortar-only book retailer, which can offer "only" a few thousand titles in a store because of the restricted physical space. • Place Benefits: As company storefronts can (virtually) exist on every computer that is connected to the Web, e-tailers can compete more effectively for customers, giving e-tailers an advantage. Whereas traditional retailing can be accessed only at physical store locations during open hours, e-tailers can conduct business anywhere at any time. • Price Benefits: E-tailers can also compete on price effectively since they can turn their inventory more often because of the sheer volume of products and customers who purchase them. Companies can sell more products, reducing prices for consumers while at the same time enhancing profits for the company. Further, virtual companies have no need to rent expensive retail space or employ sales clerks, allowing them to further reduce prices.

Briefly explain, with an example, the capability of the Web to integrate information.

: Web technologies allow for integration of information via Web sites that can be linked to corporate databases to provide real-time access to personalized information. Customers no longer have to rely on old information from printed catalogs or account statements that arrive in the mail once a month. For example, like nearly every other major airline, US Airways (www.usairways.com) dynamically adjusts fares based on availability, booking time, current and historical demand, forecast demand, and other factors to maximize revenues. The most current fares are disseminated in real-time on the company's Web site. This is particularly important for companies operating in highly competitive environments such as the airline industry. Furthermore, US Airways offers its valued customers the ability to check the balances of their frequent-flyer accounts, linking customers to information stored on the firm's corporate database. Customers do not have to wait for monthly statements to see if they are eligible for travel benefits.

Which of the following statements is true about electronic commerce? A) Business-to-business electronic commerce is by far the largest form of electronic commerce in terms of revenues. B) Electronic commerce is limited to transactions between businesses and consumers. C) Electronic commerce between businesses and their employees is impossible. D) All forms of electronic commerce involve business firms. E) Consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce is a complete reversal of the traditional business-to-consumer electronic commerce.

A) Business-to-business electronic commerce is by far the largest form of electronic commerce in terms of revenues.

________ systems facilitate the sharing of information across the various departments of an organization in order to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. A) Collaborative customer relationship management (CRM) B) Data warehousing C) Operational customer relationship management (CRM) D) Analytical customer relationship management (CRM) E) Data mining

A) Collaborative customer relationship management (CRM)

________ is the use of formal investigative techniques to evaluate digital information for judicial review. A) Computer forensics B) Flaming C) Hacktivism D) Certificate authority E) Encryption

A) Computer forensics

________ are designed to automate the business processes that occur before, during, and after sales transactions between a supplier and multiple customers. A) Customer portals B) Supplier portals C) B2C portals D) Marketplace portals E) Transaction portals

A) Customer portals

Which of the following occurs in a reverse pricing model? A) Customers specify the product they are looking for and how much they are willing to pay for it. B) Companies set the prices that customers pay for products. C) Companies conduct an online auction for all products available for sale. D) Customers specify the product they are looking for and the company provides the product with a price. E) Companies negotiate special volume discounts with local businesses and offer them to their customers.

A) Customers specify the product they are looking for and how much they are willing to pay for it.

________ refers to the use of a computer to communicate obscene, vulgar, or threatening content that causes a reasonable person to endure distress. A) Cyberharassment B) Viral marketing C) Hacktivism D) Bot herding E) Spam filtering

A) Cyberharassment

________ is the dubious practice of registering a domain name and then trying to sell the name for big bucks to the person, company, or organization most likely to want it. A) Cybersquatting B) Bot herding C) Spear phishing D) Logic bombing E) Hacktivism

A) Cybersquatting

________ is the use of computer and networking technologies by individuals and organized groups against persons or property to intimidate or coerce governments. A) Cyberterrorism B) Cybersquatting C) Cyberforensics D) Cyberstalking E) Cyberbullying

A) Cyberterrorism

________ refers to an organized attempt by a country's military to disrupt or destroy the information and communication systems of another country. A) Cyberwar B) Internet hoaxing C) Cybersquatting D) Web vandalism E) Logic bombing

A) Cyberwar

________ involves standardizing the format of data retrieved from different systems. A) Data cleansing B) Data mining C) Digitizing D) Content mining E) Clustering

A) Data cleansing

Which of the following explains the term geocoded? A) Data is transformed into coordinates. B) Data is shared on the Internet. C) Data is used to create Web pages. D) Data is compared with similar historical data. E) Data is converted into soft data.

A) Data is transformed into coordinates.

________ by terrorists refers to the use of the vast amount of information available on the Internet regarding virtually any topic for planning, recruitment, and numerous other endeavors. A) Data mining B) Information dissemination C) Location monitoring D) Information sharing E) Cybersquatting

A) Data mining

Which of the following is a valid observation about encryption? A) Encrypted messages cannot be deciphered without the decoding key. B) Encryption is used for data enhancement rather than data protection. C) Encryption is performed only after messages enter the network. D) The encryption approach is not dependent on the type of data transmission. E) Encryption implementation is expensive and needs authentication from a relevant authority.

A) Encrypted messages cannot be deciphered without the decoding key.

Which of the following is true regarding the formula for success of an enterprise system? A) Enterprise systems implementations should include personnel from different departments. B) The success of an enterprise system depends directly on the support received from middle-management. C) Enterprise systems are simple to understand and implement when compared to stand-alone systems. D) Using outside consultants tends to complicate the implementation of an enterprise system. E) Once enterprise systems go live, employees experience an immediate growth in productivity.

A) Enterprise systems implementations should include personnel from different departments.

Which of the following statements explain mass customization? A) Firms tailor their products and services to meet a customer's particular needs on a large scale. B) Firms immediately provide communication to and receive feedback from customers. C) Firms provide ways for clients to conduct business online without human assistance. D) Firms market their products and services over vast distances. E) Firms link Web sites to corporate databases to provide real-time access to personalized information.

A) Firms tailor their products and services to meet a customer's particular needs on a large scale.

________ are used to capture data to be added, modified, or deleted from a database. A) Forms B) Reports C) Queries D) Bots E) Layers

A) Forms

________ allows using approximations or subjective values to handle situations where information about a problem is incomplete. A) Fuzzy logic B) Normalization C) Clustering D) What-if analysis E) Stickiness

A) Fuzzy logic

________ activities encompass all business activities associated with employee management, such as hiring, interview scheduling, payroll, and benefits management. A) Human resource B) Technology development C) Procurement D) Account E) Architectural

A) Human resource

Web servers process user requests for pages using the ________. A) Hypertext Transfer Protocol B) TOC Protocol C) Address Resolution Protocol D) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol E) Trivial File Transfer Protocol

A) Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Which of the following IS personnel is responsible for managing disaster recovery within an organization? A) IS security manager B) IS auditor C) Webmaster D) programmer E) database administrator

A) IS security manager

Which of the following statements is an example of a business case argument based on fear? A) If we do not implement this system, our competitors could gain a significant advantage over us. B) This system has the potential to reduce required effort by 40 percent. C) Using this system will help our employees serve customers more efficiently. D) The system can help us meet both individual as well as organizational goals. E) The new system is user-friendly and can be implemented almost immediately.

A) If we do not implement this system, our competitors could gain a significant advantage over us.

The convergence of information technology and operations technology, offering the potential for tremendous improvements in efficiency, product quality, agility, and flexibility, allowing companies to mass-produce customized products and better monitor supply chains, refers to which term below? A) Industrial Internet of Things B) Internet of Things C) Applications in the Cloud D) The Technology Effect E) The Technology of Things

A) Industrial Internet of Things

________ describes covert activities, such as theft of trade secrets, bribery, blackmail, and technological surveillance, to gain an advantage over rivals. A) Industrial espionage B) Packet sniffing C) Spyware D) Unauthorized data modification E) Cyberterrorism

A) Industrial espionage

________ refers to precautions taken to keep all aspects of information systems safe from destruction, manipulation, or unauthorized use or access. A) Information systems security B) Information systems resource C) Information systems planning D) Information systems audit E) Information systems distribution

A) Information systems security

________ are false messages circulated online about new viruses, earthquakes, kids in trouble, cancer causes, or any other topic of public interest. A) Internet hoaxes B) Honeypots C) Cookies D) Logic bombs E) Malware

A) Internet hoaxes

Identify a true statement about the Internet of things. A) It enables companies to offer various innovative products and services that go beyond the initial purchase. B) It defines a set of reachable and exploitable vulnerabilities present in a business model. C) It contains rules and guidelines that describe how security is to be enforced during system operation. D) It identifies the tasks that are critical within a business model and builds a network that depicts their interdependencies. E) It is defined as the percentage of visitors who leave the Web site after viewing that page.

A) It enables companies to offer various innovative products and services that go beyond the initial purchase.

Identify a true statement about the function of Google's Ad Words. A) It ensures high-quality leads when a search is conducted online. B) It presents a view of short-term technology integration. C) It presents a view of long-term technology integration. D) It redirects Web pages to different sites if the link fails. E) It provides immediate communication to and receives feedback from customers.

A) It ensures high-quality leads when a search is conducted online.

Which of the following statements is true about association discovery? A) It is a technique used to find correlations among sets of items. B) It is the process of grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. C) It is the use of analytical techniques for extracting information from textual documents. D) It is a type of intelligent system that uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. E) It makes sure that each table contains only attributes that are related to an entity.

A) It is a technique used to find correlations among sets of items.

________ systems are designed to handle multiple concurrent transactions from customers. A) Online transaction processing B) Product allocation C) Yield optimization management D) Network transaction maximization E) Real utility management

A) Online transaction processing

Which of the following is true of system effectiveness? A) It is the extent to which a system enables the firm to accomplish goals well. B) It is the extent to which a system allows a firm to plan its tasks. C) It is the extent to which a system enables the firm to do things faster, at lower cost. D) It is the extent to which a system allows a firm to cut operational costs. E) It is the extent to which a system enables people to accomplish tasks with relatively little time and effort.

A) It is the extent to which a system enables the firm to accomplish goals well.

Identify a true statement about a packet sniffer. A) It is used to analyze network traffic. B) It is used to test targeted systems for weaknesses. C) It is used to break passwords using a brute-force approach. D) It is used to capture encrypted passwords. E) It is used to redirect Web pages to different sites if any link fails.

A) It is used to analyze network traffic.

Select the statement below that best describes computer ethics. A) It is used to describe moral issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of information systems. B) It is used to describe moral issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of networks. C) It is used to describe moral issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the users of networks. D) It is used to describe the moral issues of how users interact with other users. E) It is used to describe how issues are resolved between knowledge workers.

A) It is used to describe moral issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of information systems.

Identify a true statement about reintermediation regarding e-tailing. A) It refers to the design of business models that reintroduce middlemen. B) It refers to the design of business models that eliminate middlemen. C) It provides ways for clients and firms to conduct business online without human assistance. D) It provides ways for clients and firms to conduct business activities in a traditional manner by operating physical locations. E) It enables access to Web sites linked to corporate databases in order to provide real-time access to personalized information.

A) It refers to the design of business models that reintroduce middlemen.

Which of the following statements is true of an intranet? A) It secures proprietary information stored within the corporate local area network. B) It is easily accessible to the public. C) It can be used to access advertorial information. D) It can be used by anyone with an Internet connection. E) It cannot be accessed by using virtual private networks.

A) It secures proprietary information stored within the corporate local area network.

Which of the following statements is true about viral marketing? A) It uses the network effect to increase brand awareness. B) It uses everyday people as a cheap labor force. C) It is the dissemination of information to a narrow audience. D) It enables people to work on a variety of Internet related projects in more flexible ways. E) It is used to market a product without the audience realizing it.

A) It uses the network effect to increase brand awareness.

________ is a group meeting-based process for requirements collection. A) Joint application design B) Computer-aided design C) Human-computer interface D) Reverse engineering E) Total ownership

A) Joint application design

________ refers to the process of identifying, quantifying, and presenting the value provided by a system. A) Making a business case B) Testing a process C) Making a prototype D) Deploying a software product E) Refining a prototype

A) Making a business case

Amazon.com took crowdsourcing mainstream with its micro-task marketplace called ________. A) Mechanical Turk B) Citizen Science C) Smart Mob D) Click Workers E) Crowd Fixing

A) Mechanical Turk

________ is a cooperative social media application making use of the network effect. A) Media sharing B) Rich site summary C) Media tagging D) Instant messaging E) A discussion forum

A) Media sharing

________ is an example of an electronic communication tool. A) Microsoft Outlook B) Google Docs C) Apple FaceTime D) MS SharePoint E) Google Talk

A) Microsoft Outlook

Which of the following can be cited as an example of outsourcing? A) Microsoft hands over its customer service function to Convergys, located in India. B) Volkswagen acquires a steel manufacturing plant to reduce its overall production costs. C) Dell sources computer parts from suppliers located in Russia. D) Audi starts a manufacturing facility in China to take advantage of low labor costs. E) P&G acquires a retail outlet to reduce its distribution costs.

A) Microsoft hands over its customer service function to Convergys, located in India.

Discuss the five IT Megatrends that shape the Digital Future.

A) Mobile. B) Social Media. C) The Internet of Things (IoT). D) Cloud Computing. E) Big Data.

________ customer relationship management (CRM) includes systems used for automating the fundamental business processes and for interacting with a customer. A) Operational B) Integrated C) Collaborative D) Reflective E) Structured

A) Operational

________ software is written by third-party vendors to support standardized and repetitive tasks. A) Packaged B) Unpacked C) Custom D) Practices-based E) Process-based

A) Packaged

________ is the creation of goods or services by self-organizing communities. A) Peer production B) A folksonomy C) A journal D) Groupware E) Crowdsourcing

A) Peer production

________ is the use of electromagnetic energy to transmit information between a reader (transceiver) and a processing device. A) Radio frequency identification B) High capacity color barcoding C) Interferometric modulator display D) Photonic computing E) Electronic product coding

A) Radio frequency identification

Which of the following laws makes it mandatory for organizations to demonstrate that there are controls in place to prevent misuse and detect any potential problems? A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act B) Trade Expansion Act of 1962 C) Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 D) Central Intelligence Agency Act E) U.S.A. Patriot Act

A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act

What example of a platform based business model would Airbnb and Uber represent. A) Service B) Subscriptions C) Communications D) Collaboration E) Products

A) Service

________ is the creation of a categorization system by users. A) Social cataloging B) Podcasting C) Social blogging D) Webcasting E) Crowdsourcing

A) Social cataloging

________ is the process of identifying and assessing the volume and sentiment of what is being said about a company, individual, product, or brand. A) Social media monitoring B) Visual analytics C) Digital radiography D) Digital marketing E) Social bookmarking

A) Social media monitoring

________ attempts to increase the relevance of search results by including content from blogs and microblogging services. A) Social search B) OpenSearch C) Enterprise search D) Metasearch E) Netsearch

A) Social search

________ refer(s) to a program or set of programs that tell the computer to perform certain tasks. A) Software B) Firmware C) Hardware logic D) Data E) Networks

A) Software

________ is a more sophisticated fraudulent e-mail attack that targets a specific person or organization by personalizing the message in order to make the message appear as if it is from a trusted source. A) Spear phishing B) Cyber tunneling C) Viral marketing D) Logic bombing E) Hacking

A) Spear phishing

________ refers to any software that covertly gathers information about a user through an Internet connection without the user's knowledge. A) Spyware B) Spam C) Web filter D) Cookie E) Bot herder

A) Spyware

All of the following are valid payment methods for electronic commerce except ________. A) TechPay B) PayPal C) Apple Pay D) Google Wallet E) Square

A) TechPay

Which of the following is likely to have the suffix ".org" after the domain name in its URL? A) The Red Cross Society B) Starbucks C) The Federal Bureau of Investigation D) McDonalds E) Harvard Business School

A) The Red Cross Society

Ciscon Telecom is a mobile operator in the European Union. The company provides personalized services to its customers, and its databases contain valuable information about the customers. The loss of customer information that is used to decide services would be extremely harmful to the organization. Which of the following strategies adopted by Ciscon is an example of risk transference? A) The company insures any possible data loss for a large sum. B) The company forms a special team of top executives to monitor and correct the information policies. C) It installs a corporate firewall to protect unauthorized access to information. D) It enforces a strict employee data policy and prohibits employees from unauthorized access. E) The company decides to absorb any damages that might occur.

A) The company insures any possible data loss for a large sum.

Which of the following statements is true about the software as a service model? A) The customer has no knowledge or control over the underlying infrastructure and has only limited ability to control or configure application-specific settings. B) The customer has to manage the licenses for the operating systems being used. C) The customer can run his or her own applications that are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider. D) The customer is provided with the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking. E) The user has control over the applications, but has limited or no control over the underlying infrastructure.

A) The customer has no knowledge or control over the underlying infrastructure and has only limited ability to control or configure application-specific settings

What a company does, how a company uniquely does it, how a company gets paid for doing it, and what costs are involved are all part of an organization's ________. A) business model B) competitive model C) revenue model D) strategic model E) value model

A) business model

Which of the following statements is true about the infrastructure as a service model? A) The customer has to manage the licenses for the operating systems being used. B) The customer has no knowledge or control over the underlying infrastructure and has only limited ability to control or configure application-specific settings. C) The customer can run his or her own applications that are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider. D) The customer does not have to manage operating system licenses. E) The user has control over the applications, but has limited or no control over the underlying infrastructure.

A) The customer has to manage the licenses for the operating systems being used.

How is business process management similar to quality improvement approaches such as total quality management? A) They are intended to be cross-functional approaches to improve an organization. B) They focus on radical redesign and drastic improvement of processes. C) They focus on incremental change of processes. D) They focus on the activities typically occurring at the operational level of the organization. E) They focus on providing capabilities for discovering "hidden" predictive relationships while conducting a forecast.

A) They are intended to be cross-functional approaches to improve an organization.

Which of the following statements is true about servers? A) They are used to provide services to users within large organizations or to Web users. B) They are primarily used as the main, central computing system for major corporations. C) They are used primarily to assist in solving massive scientific problems. D) They are optimized for visualization and rendering of three-dimensional models. E) They are used for personal computing and small business computing.

A) They are used to provide services to users within large organizations or to Web users.

How do online analytical processing systems improve performance? A) They preaggregate data so that only the subset of the data necessary for the queries is extracted. B) They use reasoning methods to outline how sensitive information will be handled, stored, transmitted, and destroyed. C) They make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem. D) They allow for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. E) They provide capabilities for discovering hidden predictive relationships in the data.

A) They preaggregate data so that only the subset of the data necessary for the queries is extracted.

Which of the following statements is true about key-indicator reports? A) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule. B) They help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. C) They are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. D) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range. E) They answer unplanned information requests to support a non-routine decision.

A) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule.

The protocol used by the Internet is called the ________. A) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) B) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) C) Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) D) Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) E) TOC protocol

A) Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

Which of the following is a shifting perspective from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0? A) Web 1.0 - Read, Web 2.0 - Read, write B) Web 1.0 - Read, Web 2.0 - Write C) Web 1.0 - Me, Web 2.0 - You D) Web 1.0 - Write, Web 2.0 - Read E) Web 1.0 - You, Web 2.0 - Me

A) Web 1.0 - Read, Web 2.0 - Read, write

Some people see ________ as the "contextual Web," where the immense amounts of content available to users will be filtered by contextual factors such as time, location, social activities, and so on. A) Web 3.0 B) Web 2.0 C) Web 4.0 D) Web 5.0 E) Web 1.0

A) Web 3.0

A hypertext document is otherwise known as a ________. A) Web page B) Web host C) Web ring D) Webmaster E) Web consortium

A) Web page

Which of the following is a reason for the development of the semantic Web? A) Web pages were designed to be understood by people, but not by computers. B) Users are able to use any device in any network for any service. C) Users provide a lot of unnecessary personal information on social networking sites. D) Widgets cannot be integrated into Web pages. E) Users are skeptical while making purchases online due to the fear of getting cheated.

A) Web pages were designed to be understood by people, but not by computers.

How do comparison shopping sites generate revenue? A) by charging a commission on transactions B) by selling their products in physical stores as well C) by charging a virtual shelf space fee to manufacturers D) by increasing the click count on their sites E) by charging distribution fees to consumers

A) by charging a commission on transactions

How is structural firmness of a Web site achieved? A) by providing understandable messages if anything goes wrong B) by redirecting Web pages to different sites if any link fails C) by using technical jargons to define a problem D) by developing a mirror site E) by implementing a complicated source code

A) by providing understandable messages if anything goes wrong

Which of the following examples portrays the 24/7/365 operation of a customer relationship management (CRM) system? A) Web-based interfaces that provide product information, sales status, support information, issue tracking, and so on B) enabling improved record keeping and efficient methods of capturing customer complaints that help to identify problems faster C) tracking customer behavior over time that helps to identify future opportunities for product and service offerings D) App-based technologies that remove information handoffs, thereby speeding both sales and support processes E) learning how each customer defines product and service quality so that customized product, pricing, and services can be designed or developed collaboratively

A) Web-based interfaces that provide product information, sales status, support information, issue tracking, and so on

WorldTravel (www.worldtravel.com) is a travel Web site that provides detailed information about the different places that tourists can visit across the globe. Additionally, it also helps visitors to book tickets and hotels in these destinations. Which of the following, if true, would most assure the customers of their online privacy? A) When collecting personal information, WorldTravel explicitly states the purpose of the information and that it will not be used for anything else. B) WorldTravel informs its members that it is following the best practices in the industry. C) When collecting personal information, WorldTravel explicitly tells all of its customers that the information collected will be protected by a third party who specializes in this domain. D) WorldTravel decides not to send any spam mails to any of its members. E) When collecting personal information, WorldTravel explicitly tells all of its customers that the information collected is protected under the Electronic Communications Privacy Act.

A) When collecting personal information, WorldTravel explicitly states the purpose of the information and that it will not be used for anything else.

Fen-phen was an anti-obesity medication that consisted of two drugs: fenfluramine and phentermine. Fenfluramine was initially marketed by American Home Products. It was shown to cause potentially fatal pulmonary hypertension and heart valve problems. This eventually led to the withdrawal of the product and legal damages of over $13 billion. This is an example of ________. A) a product recall B) lean manufacturing C) production control D) the bullwhip effect E) a green business

A) a product recall

The process of making changes to an information system to evolve its functionality, to accommodate changing business needs, or to migrate it to a different operating environment is known as ________ maintenance. A) adaptive B) perfective C) preventive D) corrective E) predictive

A) adaptive

Cloud-based collaboration tools ________. A) allow for easy transferability of documents from one person to another B) have well-documented procedures for system complexities C) reduce the risk of exposing sensitive corporate data D) require users to frequently upgrade their software E) are complex and time-consuming

A) allow for easy transferability of documents from one person to another

Which of the following storage methods is used for storing long-term copies of organizational data? A) archival B) backup C) operational D) translational E) protocol

A) archival

Human resource activities ________. A) are classified as a support activity since the primary activities cannot be accomplished without the employees to perform them B) include the design and development of applications that support the primary business activities C) include the purchasing of goods and services that are required as inputs to the primary activities D) integrate the internal applications with suppliers, business partners, and customers E) streamline the organization's internal value chain

A) are classified as a support activity since the primary activities cannot be accomplished without the employees to perform them

When we consider entities as tables, each column is a(n) ________. A) attribute B) record C) form D) applet E) query

A) attribute

When a company uses a fingerprint recognition system instead of access cards, it helps the company prevent unauthorized physical access. Which of the following technologies is used for authentication here? A) biometrics B) passwords C) smart cards D) access-control software E) encryption

A) biometrics

Which of the following Web 2.0 applications has been classified by noted technology journalist Nicholas Carr as the "amateurization" of journalism? A) blogs B) discussion forums C) message boards D) instant messaging E) chat rooms

A) blogs

Hatso, a famous hat retailer chain, opens a new store in Kentucky and chooses to operate solely in the traditional physical markets. It approaches business activities in a traditional manner by operating physical locations such as retail stores and not offering their products or services online. Which of the following business strategies does Hatso follow? A) brick-and-mortar B) click-only C) organizational D) low-cost leadership E) differentiation

A) brick-and-mortar

Which of the following types of plans describes how a business resumes operation after a disaster? A) business continuity plan B) internal operations plan C) business unit plan D) emergency operation plan E) virtual private network plan

A) business continuity plan

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, an Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) system is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) business intelligence B) geographic information C) electronic commerce D) office automation E) social software and collaboration

A) business intelligence

Which of the following uses a pull-based approach? A) make-to-order B) make-to-stock C) plan-to-produce D) account-to-report E) acquire-to-dispose

A) make-to-order

Implementing encryption on a large scale, such as on a busy Web site, requires a third party, called a(n) ________. A) certificate authority B) virtual private network C) arbitrative authority D) artificial network E) buying center

A) certificate authority

Which of the following is the highest-ranking IS personnel responsible for strategic planning and IS use throughout a firm? A) chief information officer B) IS security manager C) IS auditor D) systems analyst E) database administrator

A) chief information officer

A(n) ________ license refers to a license primarily used for downloaded software that requires computer users to choose "I accept" before installing the software. A) click- wrap B) shareware C) enterprise D) volume E) implied

A) click- wrap

The various services offered by Google, such as Gmail (e-mail), Google Drive (word processing), or Google Calendar, are good examples of ________. A) cloud computing B) computer assembling C) data mining D) systems integration E) internetworking

A) cloud computing

Companies implementing ________ enterprise resource planning (ERP) can benefit from scalability and agility. A) cloud-based B) internal-drive C) hard drive D) subsidiary E) in-memory

A) cloud-based

A ________ is nothing more than an empty warehouse with all necessary connections for power and communication, but nothing else. A) cold backup site B) buying center C) botnet D) firewall E) collocation facility

A) cold backup site

Microsoft's Exchange/Outlook and Lotus Notes provide people with e-mail, automated calendaring, and online, threaded discussions, enabling close contact with others, regardless of their location. Identify this type of information system. A) collaboration system B) office automation system C) data mining and visualization system D) functional area information system E) geographic information system

A) collaboration system

Data centers managed by a third party that rents out space to multiple organizational customers are known as ________. A) collocation facilities B) multi-bay stations C) serial port facilities D) data ease facilities E) datahub stations

A) collocation facilities

Some data centers rent server space to multiple customers and provide necessary infrastructure in terms of power, backups, connectivity, and security. Such data centers are called ________. A) collocation facilities B) hot backup sites C) virtual private networks D) offshore networks E) control centers

A) collocation facilities

Which of the following goods are produced using the make-to-order approach? A) commercial aircrafts B) air conditioners C) home appliances D) televisions E) refrigerators

A) commercial aircrafts

A recent trend in display advertising has been ________ advertising, where the ads placed on a page are in some way related to the content of that page. A) contextual B) buzz C) viral D) affiliate E) stealth

A) contextual

A ________ is a small text file passed to a Web browser on a user's computer by a Web server. A) cookie B) botnet C) honeypot D) worm E) virus

A) cookie

Which of the following is an example of an intangible cost for a system? A) cost of losing customers B) employee salaries C) cost of installation and maintenance D) cost of employee recruitment and retention E) customer support costs

A) cost of losing customers

Fyroff consultants, a leading software consulting firm in the United States, decides to launch an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solution. The company chooses the brand name Fyroff Enterprise for the new solution. However, when the company attempts to register the domain name, it finds that a small unknown firm is already registered under the same domain name. The small firm is now attempting to sell the domain name to Fyroff. Which of the following terms refers to this practice of buying a domain name only to sell it for big bucks? A) cybersquatting B) logic bombing C) cyberbullying D) bot herding E) cyberstalking

A) cybersquatting

A mass cyberattack occurred in a country when it took severe actions against a group of citizens who protested against the country's religious policies. The attack involved a denial-of-service in which selected sites were bombarded with traffic to force them offline. This is an example of ________. A) cyberterrorism B) logic bombing C) cyberforensics D) cyberbullying E) cybersquatting

A) cyberterrorism

Identify the focus of managers at the tactical level of an organization. A) deploying organizational resources to achieve the strategic objectives of the organization B) managing routine, day-to-day business processes and interactions with customers C) designing long-term strategic questions facing the organization D) solving complex problems with broad and long-term ramifications for the organization E) maintaining the efficiency of business processes within the organization

A) deploying organizational resources to achieve the strategic objectives of the organization

Controls that are used to assess whether anything went wrong, such as unauthorized access attempts, are called ________ controls. A) detective B) preventive C) corrective D) adaptive E) protective

A) detective

Which of the following is a geoeconomic challenge of operating in the digital world? A) differences in network infrastructures B) differences in the concept of time and life focus C) differences in measurement units D) differences in export and import regulations E) differences in languages

A) differences in network infrastructures

A global project called One Laptop per Child is attempting to distribute low-cost laptop computers to children in developing countries around the world in an attempt to shrink the ________. A) digital divide B) systems integration C) power distance D) horizontal disparity E) information privacy

A) digital divide

In ________, an attacker accesses the network, intercepts data from it, and even uses network services and/or sends attack instructions to it without having to enter the home, office, or organization that owns the network. A) drive-by hacking B) hacktivism C) viral marketing D) cybersquatting E) denial-of-service

A) drive-by hacking

Which of the following is an example of asynchronous communication? A) e-mail B) videoconferencing C) online chat D) shared whiteboards E) electronic meeting support systems

A) e-mail

________ is the largest e-auction site. A) eBay B) Asos C) Zappos D) ePier E) Fitiquette

A) eBay

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, Amazon.com is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) electronic commerce B) geographic information C) virtualization and data mining D) supply chain management E) office automation

A) electronic commerce

Identify a key factor of globalization. A) evolution of technology B) anchor point milestones C) concept development projects D) timeboxing strategies E) external interface requirements

A) evolution of technology

Business case arguments based on ________ focus on beliefs about organizational strategy, competitive advantage, industry forces, customer perceptions, market share, and so on. A) faith B) fear C) facts D) fiction E) fallacy

A) faith

Which of the following is a part of a computer system designed to detect intrusion and to prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network? A) firewall B) cookie C) botnet D) honeypot E) spam filter

A) firewall

Production scheduling ________. A) focuses on the coordination of all activities needed to create the product or service B) focuses on delivering products or services to consumers as well as warehousing C) leads to the development of a sourcing plan D) leads to the development of inventory estimates E) provides immediate communication and feedback to and from customers

A) focuses on the coordination of all activities needed to create the product or service

A ________ is a business document containing some predefined data, often including some areas where additional data can be filled in. A) form B) script C) sheet D) report E) module

A) form

E-filing is an example of a ________ tool. A) government-to-citizen B) consumer-to-consumer C) government-to-government D) consumer-to-business E) business-to-business

A) government-to-citizen

Many ________ systems used by organizations combine a variety of tools supporting both synchronous and asynchronous communication and collaboration. A) groupware B) firmware C) spyware D) malware E) mashup

A) groupware

The term ________ refers to a class of software that enables people to work together more effectively. A) groupware B) firmware C) spyware D) malware E) mashup

A) groupware

The individuals who are knowledgeable enough to gain access to computer systems without authorization are referred to as ________. A) hackers B) bots C) online predators D) worms E) power users

A) hackers

Computer criminals who attempt to break into systems or deface Web sites to promote political or ideological goals are called ________. A) hacktivists B) crackers C) social promoters D) internet activists E) online predators

A) hacktivists

WikiLeaks is a famous not-for-profit whistleblower Web site. MasterCard and Visa stopped payments to WikiLeaks after a series of leaks by the site. An anonymous group attacked the Web sites of both MasterCard and Visa reacting to this. These Web vandals, who tried to protect WikiLeaks, are called ________. A) hacktivists B) bots C) ethical hackers D) patriot hackers E) cyber soldiers

A) hacktivists

Which of the following terms refers to a computer, data, or network site that is designed to be enticing to crackers so as to detect, deflect, or counteract illegal activity? A) honeypot B) firewall C) bot herder D) botnet E) zombie computer

A) honeypot

Components which support employee recruitment, assignment tracking, performance reviews, payroll, and regulatory requirements are called ________ management. A) human resource B) operations C) financial D) personal E) organizing

A) human resource

A break-even analysis ________. A) identifies the point where tangible benefits equal tangible costs B) analyzes the relevant cash flow streams associated with the system at the organization's discount rate C) refers to the discounted sum, or present value, of a stream of costs associated with a project or proposal D) attempts to summarize the overall value of money for a project or proposal E) is the rate of return used by an organization to compute the present value of future cash flows

A) identifies the point where tangible benefits equal tangible costs

Identify the primary goal for deploying a knowledge management system. A) identifying how to recognize, generate, store, share, and manage tacit knowledge B) presenting a view of long-term technology integration C) grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes D) allowing hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and having tacit knowledge on how these changes influence the results E) linking Web sites to corporate databases to provide real-time access to personalized information

A) identifying how to recognize, generate, store, share, and manage tacit knowledge

Identify an advantage when the database approach makes it easier to deploy and control data access. A) improved data accessibility B) improved data consistency C) improved data quality D) increased security E) improved data sharing

A) improved data accessibility

Organizations periodically have an external entity review the controls so as to uncover any potential problems in the controls. This process is called ________. A) information systems audit B) risk analysis C) information modification D) recovery plan objective analysis E) business continuity plan

A) information systems audit

Which of the following facilitate(s) real-time written conversations? A) instant messaging B) discussion forums C) status updates D) blogging E) tagging

A) instant messaging

Which of the following is a role of monitoring and sensing agents? A) keeping track of key data B) sending a report at the first of the month automatically C) assembling customized news D) analyzing data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user E) finding the best price for a particular product a user wants to purchase

A) keeping track of key data

Which of the following is the host name in the URL "labs.google.co.in/jack carver"? A) labs B) google C) co D) in E) jack carver

A) labs

Which of the following portrays the individualized service benefit of a customer relationship management (CRM) system? A) learning how each customer defines product and service quality so that customized product, pricing, and services can be designed or developed collaboratively B) providing product information, sales status, support information, issue tracking, and so on C) integrating all information for all points of contact with the customers so that all who interact with customers have the same view and understand current issues D) providing integrated information which removes information handoffs, thereby speeding both sales and support processes E) enabling improved record keeping and efficient methods of capturing customer complaints that help to identify and solve problems faster

A) learning how each customer defines product and service quality so that customized product, pricing, and services can be designed or developed collaboratively

In the context of GPS-enabled location-based services, the ability to determine the basic geographic position of a cell phone is an example of ________ service. A) location B) mapping C) navigation D) tracking E) reintegration

A) location

Identify a key driver for m-commerce. A) location-based services B) economic conditions C) Web-based applications D) crowdsourcing E) offshoring

A) location-based services

Which of the following actions is a part of operational planning? A) making day-to-day decisions that are highly structured and recurring B) effectively utilizing and deploying organizational resources to achieve strategic objectives C) focusing on long-term strategic questions facing the organization D) dealing with complex problems with broad and long-term ramifications for the organization E) focusing on balancing performance across the organization

A) making day-to-day decisions that are highly structured and recurring

At the ________ level of an organization, functional managers focus on monitoring and controlling operational-level activities and providing information to higher levels of the organization. A) managerial B) executive C) strategic D) superficial E) illusive

A) managerial

Which of the following can be referred for a patent? A) material inventions B) software C) music by an existing band D) literature E) art

A) material inventions

Twitter is a(n) ________. A) microblog B) retail Web site C) advertising Web site D) e-commerce site E) online store

A) microblog

Which of the following is the first step in the procure-to-pay process? A) negotiate price and terms B) issue purchase order C) receive goods D) receive invoice E) settle payment

A) negotiate price and terms

Responding to threats and opportunities and continuous planning are based on analyzing internal data primarily from the ________ level of an organization. A) operational B) executive C) tactical D) business E) strategic

A) operational

________ level manager. A) operational B) tactical C) strategic D) managerial E) executive

A) operational

An effective ________ process can create customer satisfaction, speed up the collection process, and serve to provide valuable inputs into business intelligence and customer relationship management applications. A) order-to-cash B) make-to-order C) procure-to-pay D) make-to-stock E) plan-to-produce

A) order-to-cash

For most businesses, the ________ process entails several subprocesses including creating a customer record, checking the customer's creditworthiness, creating an order, checking and allocating stock, and shipping. A) order-to-cash B) make-to-order C) procure-to-pay D) make-to-stock E) plan-to-produce

A) order-to-cash

Identify the software that is cost effective, since the vendor that builds the application spreads out the development costs by selling copies to a large number of users? A) packaged software B) bespoke software C) adapted software D) corrected software E) custom software

A) packaged software

Independent citizens or supporters of a country that perpetrate attacks on perceived or real enemies are called ________. A) patriot hackers B) bot herders C) online predators D) hacktivists

A) patriot hackers

If a company's Web site is in the sponsored list of a search engine, the search engine receives revenue on a ________ basis. A) pay-per-click B) pay-per-sale C) click-through D) pay-per-conversion E) click-per-visit

A) pay-per-click

Which of the following computer networks is used for providing wireless communication between devices, using technologies such as Bluetooth? A) personal area network B) storage area network C) campus area network D) metropolitan area network E) body sensor network

A) personal area network

An effective ________ process can help to obtain favorable conditions, reduce transaction costs, and, ultimately, create customer goodwill as it helps to efficiently fulfill customer orders. A) procure-to-pay B) procure-to-buy C) find-to-buy D) procure-to-sell E) find-to-sell

A) procure-to-pay

Which of the following can be cited as an example of a supply chain management system? A) procurement planning B) market analysis C) knowledge portal D) sales force automation E) product demand forecasting system

A) procurement planning

Supply chain planning begins with ________. A) product demand planning and forecasting B) product distribution planning and scheduling C) production scheduling D) inventory planning E) safety stock planning

A) product demand planning and forecasting

Without middlemen like Travelocity.com, Orbitz.com, and other travel Web sites, a consumer would have to check all airline Web sites in order to find the flight with the best connection or lowest price. The introduction of middlemen in business models is an example of ________. A) reintermediation B) remutualization C) gentrification D) disintermediation E) defalcation

A) reintermediation

Organizations deploying innovative information systems must have the human capital necessary to deploy the new systems. These requirements can be categorized as ________ requirements. A) resource B) process C) risk tolerance D) customer E) quality

A) resource

An organization does not implement countermeasures against information threats; instead it simply absorbs the damages that occur. This approach is called ________. A) risk acceptance B) risk reduction C) risk mitigation D) risk transference E) risk rescheduling

A) risk acceptance

Information systems ________ is done to obtain an understanding of the threats to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of data and systems. A) risk assessment B) quality testing C) requirements analysis D) security modeling E) data processing

A) risk assessment

An organization takes active countermeasures to protect its systems, such as installing firewalls. This approach is known as ________. A) risk reduction B) risk acceptance C) risk rescheduling D) risk transference E) risk elimination

A) risk reduction

At the executive level, information systems are typically used to optimize processes and to better understand the underlying causes of any performance problems.

Answer: FALSE

Which of the following is a component of an operational customer relationship management (CRM) system? A) sales force automation B) data warehouse C) enterprise resource planning system D) data mining and visualization E) business intelligence

A) sales force automation

The ________ Web, originally envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee, one of the founders of the Internet, is a set of design principles that will allow computers to be able to better index Web sites, topics, and subjects. A) semantic B) affiliate C) folksonomy D) collaborative E) phishing

A) semantic

When shoppers come into a store to evaluate the look and feel of a product, just to then purchase it online or at a competitor's store is known as ________. A) showrooming B) a rafter bid C) freecycling D) a forward auction E) crowdsourcing

A) showrooming

Which of the following terms refers to junk newsgroup postings used for the purpose of advertising for some product or service? A) spam B) adware C) cookie D) bot herder E) Web filter

A) spam

With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is the most expensive and most powerful kind of computer, which is used primarily to assist in solving massive scientific problems. A) supercomputer B) workstation C) mainframe computer D) server E) personal computer

A) supercomputer

Lee's department store uses the everyday low prices strategy. This strategy hinges upon the store's ability to obtain consumer goods at the cheapest possible price and passes these savings on to consumers. Lee's store also developed its own distribution network for supplying its retail outlets with consumer goods. This distribution network allowed them to cut out external suppliers and middlemen thereby driving down business costs further. This implies that the competitive strategy used by this store would most likely focus on ________. A) supply chain efficiency B) supply chain visibility C) supply chain effectiveness D) supply chain sustainability E) supply chain logistics

A) supply chain efficiency

Traditionally, companies are organized around five distinct functional areas. Which of the following is one of them? A) supply chain management B) risk management C) technology management D) communication management E) systems management

A) supply chain management

Which of the following types of information systems supports the coordination of suppliers, product or service production, and distribution? A) supply chain management system B) electronic commerce system C) intelligent system D) collaboration system E) geographic information system

A) supply chain management system

The ability to track products as they move through the supply chain and to foresee external events is a characteristic of ________. A) supply chain visibility B) supply chain sustainability C) supply chain analytics D) supply network collaboration E) supply chain risk management

A) supply chain visibility

The operating system of a computer is an example of ________ software. A) system B) open source C) transitory D) peripheral E) application

A) system

A company has submitted a request for proposals to a number of vendors. It must now evaluate the proposals it has received. Which of the following methods can it use to compare the different systems? A) systems benchmarking B) alpha testing C) data modeling D) beta testing E) prototyping

A) systems benchmarking

A network of a broad range of physical objects that can automatically share data over the Internet is called ________. A) the Internet of Things B) the Broad Internet C) the Industrial Internet of Things D) the Wireless Internet Network E) the Internet of Big Data

A) the Internet of Things

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a computer crime? A) the act of using a computer to commit an illegal act B) the act of using someone's computer to browse the Internet C) the act of using someone's computer to check e-mail D) the act of stealing a computer and related hardware E) the act of providing personal information to Web sites when shopping

A) the act of using a computer to commit an illegal

________ refers to anything that occurs as part of a daily business of which a record must be kept. A) transaction B) investment C) capital asset D) value chain analysis E) use case

A) transaction

Programming is the process of ________. A) transforming the system design into a working computer system B) testing the correctness of individual modules of a system C) testing the integration of multiple modules of a system D) transforming raw data inputs into new or modified information E) gathering and organizing information from users and managers

A) transforming the system design into a working computer system

Employees steal time on company computers to do personal business. This is an example of ________. A) unauthorized access B) hacking C) vandalism D) cyberstalking E) functional inconvenience

A) unauthorized access

Asynchronous discussion forums emulate real-time written conversations.

Answer: FALSE

Choosing and implementing new or innovative information systems is sufficient to gain or sustain competitive advantage.

Answer: FALSE

Define the three primary components of a comprehensive customer relationship management (CRM) system.

Answer: A comprehensive CRM system comprises three primary components: a. Operational CRM—includes systems for automating the fundamental business processes like marketing, sales, and support for interacting with the customer. b. Analytical CRM—includes systems for analyzing customer behavior and perceptions (e.g., quality, price, and overall satisfaction) in order to provide business intelligence. c. Collaborative CRM—includes systems for providing effective and efficient communication with the customer from the entire organization

What is a request for proposal (RFP)? What areas does a request for proposal cover?

Answer: A request for proposal (RFP) is a document that is used to tell vendors what your requirements are and to invite them to provide information about how they might be able to meet those requirements. An RFP is sent to vendors who might potentially be interested in providing hardware and/or software for the system. Among the areas that may be covered in an RFP are the following: • A summary of existing systems and applications • Requirements for system performance and features • Reliability, backup, and service requirements • The criteria that will be used to evaluate proposals • Timetable and budget constraints

The ________ is a system of interlinked documents on the Internet, or a graphical user interface to the Internet that provides users with a simple, consistent interface to access a wide variety of information. A) private branch exchange B) World Wide Web C) point to point protocol D) Media Access Control Address E) parameter random access memory

Answer: B

Differentiate between clustering and classification processes in data mining.

Answer: Clustering is the process of grouping related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. For example, an airline may cluster its frequent fliers based on miles flown or the number of flight segments. These results can then be used for targeting certain groups of customers in marketing campaigns. In contrast, classification is used when the groups ("classes") are known beforehand, and records are segmented into these classes. For example, a bank may have found that there are different classes of customers who differ in their likelihood of defaulting on a loan. All customers can be classified into different risk categories in order to ensure that the bank does not exceed a desired level of risk within its loan portfolio. Typically, classification would use a decision tree to classify the records.

List the ways in which collaborative customer relationship management (CRM) enhances communication.

Answer: Collaborative CRM enhances communication in the following ways: a. Greater customer focus—Understanding customer history and current needs helps to focus the communication on issues important to the customer. b. Lower communication barriers—Customers are more likely to communicate with the organization when personnel have complete information and when they utilize the communication methods and preferences of the customer. c. Increased information integration—All information about the customer as well as all prior and ongoing communication is given to all organizational personnel interacting with the customer; customers can get status updates from any organizational touch point.

Companies following a ________ business strategy choose to operate solely in the traditional physical markets approaching business activities in a traditional manner. A) click-only B) high-cost leadership C) low-cost leadership D) click-and-flip E) brick-and-mortar

Answer: E

A public cloud is internal to an organization and can help the organization to balance demand and supply of computing resources within the organization.

Answer: FALSE

A request for proposal (RFP) is sent to buyers who might potentially be interested in buying hardware and/or software for the system.

Answer: FALSE

A supercomputer is primarily used as the main, central computing system for major corporations.

Answer: FALSE

A work flow automation system is an example of a synchronous groupware tool.

Answer: FALSE

According to the network effect, if some users of a network lack knowledge, the network has little or no value.

Answer: FALSE

Ad hoc queries are always saved because they need to be executed on a regular basis.

Answer: FALSE

Adding text to media is referred to as geotagging.

Answer: FALSE

Amazon.com is an example of a brick-and-mortar company.

Answer: FALSE

In an operational customer relationship management (CRM), marketing, sales, and support personnel see only current interactions with the customer depending on where it occurred within the organization.

Answer: FALSE

In the make-to-stock process, raw materials, subcomponents, and accessories are procured based on forecasts, but actual manufacturing does not start until sales orders are received.

Answer: FALSE

In the platform as a service (PaaS) model, the customer uses only applications provided via a cloud infrastructure.

Answer: FALSE

Internally focused systems coordinate business processes with customers, suppliers, and business partners.

Answer: FALSE

Just-in-time is a business model in which the suppliers manage the manufacturer's inventory based on pre-established service levels.

Answer: FALSE

Key technologies within collaborative customer relationship management (CRM) systems include data mining, decision support, and other business intelligence technologies that attempt to create predictive models of various customer attributes.

Answer: FALSE

One major problem affecting supply chains are ripple effects referred to as the multiplier effect.

Answer: FALSE

One of the challenges for brick-and-mortars involves increasing IS complexity

Answer: FALSE

One of the traditional functional areas that companies are organized around is information systems management.

Answer: FALSE

Operational customer relationship management system refers to the systems used for providing effective and efficient communication with the customer from the entire organization.

Answer: FALSE

Operational, managerial, and executive decision-making levels are all supported by a single type of information system.

Answer: FALSE

Patents generally refer to creations of the mind such as music, literature, or software.

Answer: FALSE

Proxy variables cannot be used to measure changes in terms of their perceived value to the organization.

Answer: FALSE

Rather than engaging in conversations with their customers, organizations need to start seeing customers as an audience.

Answer: FALSE

Secure Sockets Layer is a popular private key decryption method used on the Internet.

Answer: FALSE

Supply chain effectiveness is the extent to which a company's supply chain is focusing on minimizing procurement, production, and transportation costs, sometimes by sacrificing excellent customer service.

Answer: FALSE

Supply chain efficiency is the extent to which a company's supply chain is focusing on maximizing customer service regardless of procurement, production, and transportation costs.

Answer: FALSE

Supply chain execution involves the development of various resource plans to support the efficient and effective production of goods and services.

Answer: FALSE

Supply chain management is primarily used to optimize business processes within the organization.

Answer: FALSE

System conversion is the process of commissioning the current way of doing things and reinstalling the old system in the organization.

Answer: FALSE

Tactical-level decision making is more structured and routine than operational-level decision making.

Answer: FALSE

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) offered far stronger support for e-mail communications than it did for voice mail.

Answer: FALSE

The application software used for various business processes can directly interact with the various types of computer hardware

Answer: FALSE

The applications under the software as a service model are typically the toughest to deploy.

Answer: FALSE

The biggest increases in productivity result from increased system efficiency rather than system effectiveness.

Answer: FALSE

The business processes outlined within strategic plans are often implemented as envisioned at the managerial and operational levels of the organization.

Answer: FALSE

The efficiency of a supply chain management (SCM) system is independent of the data entered into it.

Answer: FALSE

The name "Internet" is derived from the concept of wireless networking.

Answer: FALSE

The order-to-cash process entails subprocesses such as price and terms negotiations, issuing of the purchase order, receiving the goods, and receiving and paying the invoice.

Answer: FALSE

The primary use of online transaction processing (OLTP) systems is to define a set of reachable and exploitable vulnerabilities present in a database.

Answer: FALSE

The structural firmness for the login page of an online banking site need not be emphasized to the user.

Answer: FALSE

The value of a network decreases with the number of other users.

Answer: FALSE

Unstructured decisions can be programmed directly into operational information systems so that they can be made with little or no human intervention.

Answer: FALSE

Virtual meetings can only be held synchronously by using technologies such as online discussion boards.

Answer: FALSE

Web 1.0 applications allow people to collaborate and share information online.

Answer: FALSE

When making the case for an information systems (IS) investment, it is undesirable to translate all potential benefits into monetary terms.

Answer: FALSE

With respect to the domain name, the suffix ".com" is reserved for network organizations.

Answer: FALSE

An account management policy explains technical controls on all organizational computer systems, such as access limitations, audit-control software, firewalls, and so on.

Answer: FALSE Account management policy lists procedures for adding additional users or removing existing users from the system

A legacy system is an integrated suite of business applications for virtually every department, process, and industry that allows companies to integrate information across operations on a company-wide basis using one large database.

Answer: FALSE Enterprise system

Customer service and support, the second component of an operational customer relationship management (CRM), refers to systems that support the day-to-day sales activities of an organization.

Answer: FALSE Sales force automation supports day-to-day activities.

Corrective maintenance involves making changes to an information system to evolve its functionality, to accommodate changing business needs, or to migrate it to a different operating environment.

Answer: FALSE Thas it adaptive maintenance

A hot backup site is an empty warehouse with all necessary connections for power and communication.

Answer: FALSE That is a definition for a cold back up site

Information dissemination refers to the use of Web sites to provide information for recruiting new members as well as utilizing more interactive Internet technologies.

Answer: FALSE That is data mining

VoIP is an acronym that stands for Voice over Infrastructure Procedures

Answer: FALSE Voice over Internet Protocol

Briefly explain the order-to-cash process.

Answer: For business organizations, selling products or services are the main way of generating revenue. Many online retailers provide real-time stock information; however, in case an item is out of stock after placing an order, the customer will be notified. If the item is in stock, the customer's order will be put together and shipped, and his credit card will be charged. Together, the processes associated with selling a product or service are referred to as the order-to-cash process. This process can be broken down into multiple subprocesses. For most businesses, the order-to-cash process entails subprocesses such as creating a customer record; checking the customer's creditworthiness; creating an order; checking and allocating stock; picking, packing, and shipping; invoicing; and collecting the payment.

What are the key dimensions along which groupware and other collaboration tools are distinguished?

Answer: Groupware and other collaboration technologies are often distinguished along two key dimensions: 1. Whether the system supports groups working together at the same time (synchronous groupware) or at different times (asynchronous groupware). 2. Whether the system supports groups working together, face-to-face, or distributed.

Write a short note on the rise of enterprise systems.

Answer: In order to efficiently conduct the core business processes as well as other business processes, the different functional areas within a company need to share data. Businesses have leveraged information systems (IS) to support business processes for decades, beginning with the installation of applications to assist companies with specific business tasks, such as issuing paychecks. As companies began to leverage IS applications, they started out by fulfilling the needs of particular business activities in a particular department within the organization. Such systems that focus on the specific needs of individual departments were not designed to communicate with other systems in the organization and were therefore referred to as stand-alone applications. Stand-alone applications usually ran on a variety of computing hardware platforms, such as mainframes and midrange computers.

Explain how a cost-benefit analysis could be used to build a fact-based business case.

Answer: Many people, including most chief financial officers, want to see the business case for an information system based on some convincing, quantitative analysis that proves beyond the shadow of a doubt that the benefits of the system will outweigh the costs. The most common way to prove this is to provide a detailed cost-benefit analysis of the information system.

Discuss the drawbacks of E-tailing.

Answer: One of the main factors keeping many consumers from purchasing goods and services online is trust. Especially for new online businesses, this tends to be challenging, as customers may be hesitant to purchase from companies they have never heard of. Two issues relating to trust are: 1) Direct Product Experience. For many products, customers desire not only information about product characteristics, but also sensory information, such as taste, smell, and feel. This is difficult when purchasing over the Internet; and 2) Product Delivery and Returns. Except for digital products, such as music, games, or electronic magazines, e-tailing requires additional time for products to be delivered. If you have run out of ink for your printer and your research paper is due this afternoon, chances are that you will visit your local office supply store to purchase a new ink cartridge rather than ordering it online. The ink cartridge purchased electronically needs to be packaged and shipped, delaying use of the product until it is delivered. To combat these issues, large online retailers now offer 1-day delivery or, as is the case with Amazon.com's Prime Now, 2-hour delivery in select cities. Similarly, many click-and-mortar businesses offer in-store pickup and ship-from-store services to address issues associated with product delivery and to effectively compete with click-only companies. Other issues can also arise. The credit card information that you provided online may not be approved, or the shipper may try to deliver the package when you are not home. Finally, the customer may be unsure about product returns in case the product is not of the expected size or quality. These issues become even more problematic when conducting transactions across national borders.

Explain the three types of arguments commonly made in the business case for an information system. Give an example for each.

Answer: People make a variety of arguments in their business cases for information systems. When managers make the business case for an information system, they typically base their arguments on faith, fear, and/or facts.

Customer relationship management applications are commonly integrated with a comprehensive enterprise resource planning implementation to leverage internal and external information to better serve customers.

Answer: TRUE

Customer relationship management applications concentrate on the activities involved in promoting and selling products to the customers as well as providing customer service and nourishing long-term relationships.

Answer: TRUE

Briefly describe the concept of portals in the context of supply chain management.

Answer: Portals, in the context of B2B supply chain management, can be defined as access points (or front doors) through which a business partner accesses secured, proprietary information that may be dispersed throughout an organization (typically using extranets). By allowing direct access to critical information needed to conduct business, portals can thus provide substantial productivity gains and cost savings for B2B transactions. Most companies depend on a steady source of key supplies needed to produce their goods or services. For example, luxury restaurants require their produce to be consistently of high quality; similarly, car manufacturers need steel, paint, or electronic components in the right quantities, at the right quality and price, and at the right time. Thus, most companies seek long-term B2B relationships with a limited number of carefully selected suppliers—rather than one-time deals—and invest considerable efforts in selecting their suppliers or business partners; often, suppliers are assessed not only on product features such as price or quality but also on supplier's characteristics, such as trustworthiness, commitment, or viability. As a result, in contrast to B2C EC, where anyone can set up a customer account with a retailer, the suppliers or customers in B2B transactions are typically pre-screened by the business, and access to the company's extranet will be given depending on the business relationship (typically, after a review of the supplier's or buyer's application). To support different types of business relationships, portals come in two basic forms: supplier portals and customer portals. Supplier portals automate the business processes involved in purchasing or procuring products between a single buyer and multiple suppliers. On the other end of the spectrum, customer portals automate the business processes involved in selling or distributing products from a single supplier to multiple buyers. B2B marketplaces are typically run by separate entities and connect multiple buyers and multiple suppliers.

List some of the enterprise-wide changes a successful customer relationship management (CRM) strategy must include.

Answer: Some of the enterprise-wide changes a successful CRM strategy must include are: a. Policies and business processes: Organizational policies and procedures need to reflect a customer-focused culture. b. Customer service: Key metrics for managing the business need to reflect customer-focused measures for quality and satisfaction as well as process changes to enhance the customer experience. c. Employee training: Employees from all areas—marketing, sales, and support—must have a consistent focus that values customer service and satisfaction. d. Data collection, analysis, and sharing: All aspects of the customer experience—such as prospecting, sales, support, and so on—must be tracked, analyzed, and shared to optimize the benefits of the CRM.

Define supply chain planning (SCP) and list the processes that are generally supported by its modules.

Answer: Supply chain planning (SCP) involves the development of various resource plans to support the efficient and effective production of goods and services. Four key processes that are generally supported by SCP modules include: a. Demand planning and forecasting. b. Distribution planning. c. Production scheduling. d. Inventory and safety stock planning.

A break-even analysis is a type of cost-benefit analysis to identify at what point tangible benefits equal tangible costs.

Answer: TRUE

A click-and-mortar business strategy approach is also referred to as the bricks-and-clicks business strategy.

Answer: TRUE

A collaborative customer relationship management system supports customer communication and collaboration with the entire organization, thus providing more streamlined customer service with fewer handoffs.

Answer: TRUE

A decision support system (DSS) uses models to manipulate data.

Answer: TRUE

A firewall is a part of a computer system designed to detect intrusion and prevent unauthorized access to or from a private network.

Answer: TRUE

A net-present-value analysis is an analysis of the relevant cash flow streams associated with the system at the organization's discount rate.

Answer: TRUE

A system that communicates across organizational boundaries is sometimes referred to as an interorganizational system (IOS).

Answer: TRUE

A virtual private network is also called a secure tunnel.

Answer: TRUE

Advertisers use viral marketing to promote their Web sites, products, or services.

Answer: TRUE

An intelligent agent is also referred to as a bot.

Answer: TRUE

An organization's IS infrastructure has a broad and flexible set of capabilities that can be utilized in a variety of ways.

Answer: TRUE

Analysts interview people informed about the operation and issues of the current or proposed system.

Answer: TRUE

Analytical customer relationship management (CRM) analyzes customer behavior and thus provides the business intelligence necessary to identify new opportunities and to provide superior customer service.

Answer: TRUE

Business analytics augments business intelligence by using predictive analysis to help identify trends or predict business outcomes.

Answer: TRUE

By combining human intelligence and reasoning capabilities with technology's retrieval and analysis capabilities, visual analytics can help in decision making.

Answer: TRUE

Choosing and implementing an emerging information system is not sufficient to gain or sustain competitive advantage.

Answer: TRUE

Click-only companies can often compete more effectively on price since they do not need to support the physical aspects of the click-and-mortar approach.

Answer: TRUE

Collaborative customer relationship management enhances communication by understanding customer history and current needs.

Answer: TRUE

Content management systems are also known as digital asset management systems.

Answer: TRUE

Control objectives for information and related technology (COBIT) is a set of best practices that helps organizations to maximize the benefits from their IS infrastructure and establish appropriate controls.

Answer: TRUE

Corrective controls are used to mitigate the impact of any problem after it has arisen, such as restoring compromised data.

Answer: TRUE

Customer relationship management allows organizations to focus on driving revenue as well as on reducing costs, as opposed to emphasizing only cost cutting.

Answer: TRUE

The format of an IP address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four numbers separated by periods.

Answer: TRUE

Enterprise resource planning replaces stand-alone applications by providing various modules based on a common database and similar application interfaces that service the entire enterprise rather than portions of it.

Answer: TRUE

Enterprise search engines such as Microsoft's Enterprise Search or the Google Search Appliance are designed to retrieve content from various internal data sources, including documents, databases, or applications linked to the company's intranet.

Answer: TRUE

Executive-level decisions are referred to as unstructured decisions.

Answer: TRUE

For unstructured organizational decisions, few or no procedures to follow for a given situation can be specified in advance.

Answer: TRUE

Hashtags are used to add metadata to messages posted on social media applications, allowing users to search for content related to a certain topic.

Answer: TRUE

In an organization, managers use value chain analysis to identify opportunities where information systems can be used to develop a competitive advantage.

Answer: TRUE

In an organizational setup, a functional area represents a discrete area of an organization that focuses on a specific set of activities

Answer: TRUE

Information systems infrastructure consists of hardware, system software, storage, networking, and data centers.

Answer: TRUE

M-commerce is defined as any electronic transaction or information interaction conducted using a wireless mobile device and mobile networks that leads to the transfer of real or perceived value in exchange for information, services, or goods.

Answer: TRUE

Managerial-level decision making is referred to as semistructured decision making.

Answer: TRUE

Membership on virtual teams is fluid, with teams forming and disbanding as needed, with team size fluctuating as necessary, and with team members coming and going as they are needed.

Answer: TRUE

Most organizations have three general decision-making levels: operational, managerial, and executive.

Answer: TRUE

Networking hardware and software facilitate the interconnection of different computers, enabling collaboration within organizations, across organizations, and literally around the world.

Answer: TRUE

One of the most significant advances in manufacturing has been the use of just-in-time (JIT) approaches.

Answer: TRUE

Organizational learning is the ability of an organization to use past behavior and information to improve its business processes.

Answer: TRUE

Organizational strategy is a firm's plan to accomplish its mission and goals as well as to gain or sustain competitive advantage over rivals.

Answer: TRUE

Patriot hackers are independent citizens or supporters of a country that perpetrate attacks on perceived or real enemies.

Answer: TRUE

Processing logic represents the way in which data are transformed.

Answer: TRUE

Purchasing an existing system from an outside vendor is referred to as external acquisition.

Answer: TRUE

Recovery point objectives are used to specify how current the backup data should be.

Answer: TRUE

Requirements collection is the process of gathering and organizing information to understand how a proposed information system should function.

Answer: TRUE

Sales force automation improves the effectiveness of the marketing function by providing an improved understanding of market conditions, competitors, and products.

Answer: TRUE

Sir John Maddox, a physicist, was quoted in Scientific American in 1999 saying, "The most important discoveries of the next 50 years are likely to be ones of which we cannot now even conceive."

Answer: TRUE

Social media applications enable customers to quickly share both positive and negative information.

Answer: TRUE

Social media is a classification of Web 2.0 applications.

Answer: TRUE

Social software can enhance communication within organizations as well as between an organization and its stakeholders.

Answer: TRUE

Someone with an automating perspective thinks of technology as a way to help complete a task.

Answer: TRUE

Spam filters are used to reduce the amount of spam processed by central e-mail servers.

Answer: TRUE

Structured Query Language is the most common language used to interface with relational database management systems (RDBMSs).

Answer: TRUE

Supply chain management improves the coordination of suppliers, product or service production, and distribution.

Answer: TRUE

Supply chain management systems allow for making trade-offs between efficiency and effectiveness for individual components or raw materials.

Answer: TRUE

Systems benchmarking is the use of standardized performance tests to facilitate comparison between systems.

Answer: TRUE

Systems designed to support decision making based on stable point-in-time or historical data are called information systems.

Answer: TRUE

Systems that focus on the specific needs of individual departments are typically not designed to communicate with other systems in the organization and are therefore referred to as stand-alone applications.

Answer: TRUE

Technology use by organizations can be strategic and a powerful enabler of competitive advantage.

Answer: TRUE

The core business processes common to most business organizations are order-to-cash, procure-to-pay, and make-to-stock.

Answer: TRUE

What are the critical factors in viral marketing as listing by Thomas Baekdal?

Answer: The critical factors include: do something unexpected; make people feel something, make sequels, allow sharing and easy distribution, and never restrict access to the viral content.

Define data—the most basic element of an information system. Give an example.

Answer: Unformatted data, or simply data, are raw symbols, such as words and numbers. Data have no meaning in and of themselves, and are of little value until processed. For example, if a person was asked what 465889727 meant or stood for, he or she would be unable to say. However, if the same data was presented as 465-88-9727 and the person was told it was located in a certain database, in John Doe's record, in a field labeled "SSN," he or she might rightly surmise that the number was actually the Social Security number of someone named John Doe.

Compare and contrast the vendor-managed inventory (VMI) model and the traditional inventory model. List the benefits of the VMI model.

Answer: Vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is a business model in which the suppliers to a manufacturer manage the manufacturer's inventory levels based on pre-established service levels. To make VMI possible, the manufacturer allows the supplier to monitor stock levels and ongoing sales data. Under a traditional inventory model, the manufacturer or retailer would manage these inventories themselves, sending out requests for additional items as needed. In contrast, under a VMI model, the manufacturer or retailer shares real-time sales data with the suppliers. The suppliers maintain inventory levels based on pre-established agreements. Such arrangements can help optimize the manufacturer's inventory, both saving costs and minimizing stockout situations (thus enhancing customer satisfaction); the supplier, in turn, benefits from the intense data sharing, which helps produce more accurate forecasts, reduces ordering errors, and helps prioritize the shipment of goods.

Briefly explain the history of computing.

Answer: When the Zuse Z1 Computer (a mechanical computer using program punch cards) was introduced in 1936, almost all business and government information systems consisted of file folders, filing cabinets, and document repositories. Huge rooms were dedicated to the storage of these records. Information was often difficult to find, and corporate knowledge and history were difficult to maintain. Only certain employees knew specific information. When these employees left the firm, so did all their knowledge about the organization. The computer provided the solution to the information storage and retrieval problems facing organizations up to the 1940s. Shifts in computing eras were facilitated by fundamental changes in the way computing technologies worked. Each of these fundamental changes is referred to as a distinct generation of computing.

What is the productivity paradox for technology investments? Explain the possible reasons for the productivity paradox.

Answer: While it is easy to quantify the costs associated with developing an information system, it is often difficult to quantify tangible productivity gains from its use.

Describe the differences between operational-level decision making and tactical-level decision making by managers in organizations.

At the operational level of a firm, the routine, day-to-day business processes and interactions with customers occur. Operational planning typically has a time frame of a few hours or days, and the managers at the operational level, such as foremen or supervisors, make day-to-day decisions that are highly structured and recurring. At the managerial level (or tactical level) of the organization, functional managers focus on monitoring and controlling operational-level activities and providing information to higher levels of the organization. Managers at this level, referred to as midlevel managers, focus on effectively utilizing and deploying organizational resources to achieve the strategic objectives of the organization. Managerial-level decision making is not nearly as structured or routine as operational-level decision making. Managerial-level decision making is referred to as semistructured decision making because solutions and problems are not clear-cut and often require judgment and expertise.

________ licenses are activated as soon as the packaging of the software has been removed. A) Click-wrap B) Shareware C) Shrink-wrap D) Volume E) Implied

C) Shrink-wrap

________ is an example of an electronic conferencing tool. A) MS Outlook B) Apple FaceTime C) Wikipedia D) Google Docs E) MS SharePoint

B) Apple FaceTime

________ testing involves testing of the capabilities of the system in the user environment with actual data. A) Developmental B) Beta C) Evolutionary D) Alpha E) Comparative

B) Beta

________ testing is performed by actual users of the system. A) Developmental B) Beta C) Evolutionary D) Alpha E) Comparative

B) Beta

Which of the following is NOT a type of report generated by businesses? A) Scheduled report B) Business report C) Drill-down report D) Key-indicator report E) Exception report

B) Business report

________ is a three-digit code located on the back of a credit or debit card that is used for authorization by the card-issuing bank to combat fraud in online purchases. A) Competitive Fraud Detector B) Card Verification Value C) Online Purchase Processor D) Card Detection Value E) Purchase Processing Value

B) Card Verification Value

Which type of innovation is best described as using innovative ways to connect offerings with customers? A) Process innovation B) Channel innovation C) Service innovation D) Brand innovation E) Structure innovation

B) Channel innovation

________ activities are performed by the functional areas that process inputs and produce outputs. A) Base B) Core C) Support D) Extended E) Focus

B) Core

________ refers to using multiple communication channels to support the communication preferences of users, such as the Web, the company's Facebook page, industry blogs, telephone, and so on. A) Analytics visualization B) Customer engagement center C) Enterprise application D) Execution engine E) Sales force efficiency

B) Customer engagement center

Which of the following conditions is essential for successful Enterprise 2.0 implementation? A) Enterprise 2.0 should avoid involvement of senior management members of an organization. B) Enterprise 2.0 should be driven by a specific usage context. C) Enterprise 2.0 should appeal to future end users of the application and not the organization's members. D) Enterprise 2.0 should be independent of the organization's workforce. E) Enterprise 2.0 should be independent of the organization's culture.

B) Enterprise 2.0 should be driven by a specific usage context.

________ is(are) defined as the percentage of visitors who leave the Web site after viewing that page. A) Bounce rate B) Exit rates C) Link rate D) Web analytics E) Domain analytics

B) Exit rates

Which of the following is true about the responsibility of an IS manager in the context of information systems management? A) He is the highest-ranking official and is responsible for IS use throughout the firm. B) He is responsible for managing an existing information system. C) He is the lowest-ranking official responsible for managing databases throughout the organization. D) He is responsible for managing security measures of a newly installed information system. E) He is the highest-ranking official and is responsible for strategic planning throughout the organization.

B) He is responsible for managing an existing information system.

________ is used to transmit voice and video communication over the Internet. A) Edge computing B) IP convergence C) Distributed computing D) IP routing E) IP console

B) IP convergence

Which of the following statements is true about a public cloud? A) It gives an organization a high degree of customizability over its data and applications. B) It can be used by any interested party on a pay-per-use basis. C) It is internal to an organization. D) It does not free an organization from the issues associated with managing the cloud infrastructure. E) It gives an organization a high degree of control over its data and applications.

B) It can be used by any interested party on a pay-per-use basis.

Which of the following statements is true about a data mart? A) It standardizes the format of data retrieved from different systems. B) It contains selected data from a data warehouse. C) It stores master data only. D) It is a compilation of data from the database that is organized and produced in printed format. E) It helps to eliminate data duplication.

B) It contains selected data from a data warehouse.

Which of the following defines marginal cost? A) It is the cost of an alternative that must be forgone in order to pursue a certain action. B) It is the cost of producing an additional unit of output. C) It is the cost that is independent of the level of goods or services produced by the business. D) It is the cost that has already been incurred and cannot be recovered. E) It is the cost incurred in making an economic exchange.

B) It is the cost of producing an additional unit of output.

Which of the following statements is true about a Uniform Resource Locator? A) It is used to locate specific information in a Web page. B) It is used to identify and locate a particular Web page. C) It is a protocol that helps Web servers store Web pages. D) It is a standard method for specifying the format of Web pages. E) It is a software application used to display the features of a Web page.

B) It is used to identify and locate a particular Web page.

Which of the following statements is true about a digital dashboard? A) It is the combination of various analysis techniques and interactive visualization to solve complex problems. B) It is used to support push reporting, exception reporting and alerts, and pull reporting usage models. C) It can visualize features and relationships between features drawn from an underlying geographic database. D) It is used to combine geographic, demographic, and other data for locating target customers. E) It is a system for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing geographically referenced information.

B) It is used to support push reporting, exception reporting and alerts, and pull reporting usage models.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of e-tailing? A) It is limited by physical store and shelf space restrictions. B) It requires additional time for products to be delivered. C) It complicates the process of comparison shopping. D) It restricts companies from effectively competing on prices. E) It reduces a company's inventory turnover time.

B) It requires additional time for products to be delivered.

A company has a five-member team in charge of the development and maintenance of its information systems. An information system is in place, and the team performs routine maintenance to keep it running smoothly. Which of the following scenarios is an example of perfective maintenance? A) Jason notices a faulty component in the system and modifies the component. B) Justin works on the system to make the user interface more user-friendly. C) Sara knows that the company is migrating to a different operating environment next month, and makes changes to the system. D) Dylan predicts that the company's old system may fail under new demands, and takes steps to avert it. E) Kiera detects a fault in the coding, which is hampering system performance, and rectifies it.

B) Justin works on the system to make the user interface more user-friendly.

Governmental regulations such as the ________ Act mandate archiving business documents and relevant internal communication, including e-mail and instant messages. A) Glass-Steagall B) Sarbanes-Oxley C) Robinson-Patman D) Celler-Kefauver E) Taft-Hartley

B) Sarbanes-Oxley

________ are the data that is deemed most important in the operation of a business. A) Metadata B) Master data C) Reference data D) Query data E) Tactical data

B) Master data

________ refers to the process of quickly conducting complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database that is optimized for retrieval. A) Concept implementation B) Online analytical processing C) Compartmentalization D) Data mining E) Predictive analysis

B) Online analytical processing

________ refers to the process of integrating external stakeholders into the innovation process. A) Nearshoring B) Open innovation C) Media sharing D) Crowdsourcing E) Social cataloging

B) Open innovation

________ customer relationship management (CRM) systems help to create mass e-mail marketing campaigns wherein each consumer receives an individualized e-mail based on their prior purchase history. A) Structured B) Operational C) Analytical D) Integrated E) Collaborative

B) Operational

________ maintenance involves making enhancements to improve processing performance or interface usability or adding desired (but not necessarily required) system features (in other words, "bells and whistles"). A) Adaptive B) Perfective C) Preventive D) Corrective E) Predictive

B) Perfective

________ represents the way in which data are transformed. A) Data parallelism B) Processing logic C) Data streaming D) Process control E) Transaction processing

B) Processing logic

________ are two-dimensional barcodes with a high storage capacity that are typically used to point the consumer to a particular Web page when he or she scans the barcode with a mobile device's camera. A) Viral codes B) QR codes C) MSI barcodes D) MaxiCodes E) CPC Binary Barcodes

B) QR codes

________ is the process of gathering and organizing information from users, managers, customers, business processes, and documents to understand how a proposed information system should function. A) Data modeling B) Requirements collection C) Beta testing D) End-user development E) External acquisition

B) Requirements collection

________ is the extent to which a company's supply chain is focusing on maximizing customer service with lesser focus on procurement, production, and transportation costs. A) Supply chain visibility B) Supply chain effectiveness C) Supply chain analytics D) Supply chain efficiency E) Supply network collaboration

B) Supply chain effectiveness

________ is the use of standardized performance tests to facilitate comparison between systems. A) Beta testing B) Systems benchmarking C) Data modeling D) Systems prototyping E) Alpha testing

B) Systems benchmarking

Which of the following statements is true? A) Explicit knowledge assets reflect knowledge that cannot be documented. B) Tacit knowledge assets reflect the processes and procedures that are located in a person's mind on how to effectively perform a particular task. C) A knowledge management system is based on a single technology to codify a database. D) The successful deployment of a knowledge management system should be linked to numerous business objectives. E) Knowledge management systems are extremely hard to use especially when entering and retrieving data.

B) Tacit knowledge assets reflect the processes and procedures that are located in a person's mind on how to effectively perform a particular task.

________ can be used to visualize user-generated content on a site. A) Crowdsourcing B) Tag clouds C) Phishing D) Podcasts E) Pharming

B) Tag clouds

________ refers to manually adding metadata to media or other content. A) Phishing B) Tagging C) Crowdsourcing D) Podcasting E) Netcasting

B) Tagging

Which of the following statements is true of packaged and custom software? A) Packaged software are applications that are designed and developed exclusively for a specific organization. B) The development costs of custom software are much higher than for packaged software because of the time, money, and resources that are required to design, develop, and support them. C) Packaged software is well suited for tasks that are unique to a particular business. D) Custom software is cost effective since the vendor that builds the application can spread out development costs through selling to a large number of users. E) Custom software is highly useful for standardized, repetitive tasks, such as writing a report or preparing a presentation.

B) The development costs of custom software are much higher than for packaged software because of the time, money, and resources that are required to design, develop, and support them.

Which of the following occurred in the 1990-2000 generation of computing? A) The mainframe era began. B) The personal computer era ended and the interpersonal computing era began. C) The mainframe era ended and the personal computer era began. D) The interpersonal computing era ended and the internetworking era began. E) The internetworking era ended.

B) The personal computer era ended and the interpersonal computing era began.

EZBiz, the brainchild of three college friends, is a startup venture that plans to produce and market sports gear. The venture is still stuck in the planning phase as they have not been able to decide the suitable business strategy to opt for. They are currently trying to decide between a bricks-and-clicks strategy or a click-only strategy. Which of the following, if true, would most undermine the decision to adopt a click-only strategy? A) The company has limited access to funds and is looking to keep its costs low. B) The public is wary of sharing confidential information after a recent spate of credit card scandals. C) A competitor is facing severe backlash after inadvertently releasing sensitive data into the public domain. D) Several companies who have switched from a brick-and-mortar strategy to a click-only strategy are experiencing severe channel conflicts. E) Some click-only companies have been unable to achieve economies of scale and are subsequently unable to offer lower prices.

B) The public is wary of sharing confidential information after a recent spate of credit card scandals.

In the context of GPS-enabled location-based services, capturing specific locations to be viewed on the phone is an example of ________ service. A) location B) mapping C) navigation D) tracking E) disintegration

B) mapping

Which of the following statements is true about the e-business innovation cycle? A) The vertical dimension of the cycle shows the life expectancy of a particular information technology and the horizontal dimension shows time. B) The vertical dimension of the cycle shows the extent to which an organization derives value from a particular information technology and the horizontal dimension shows time. C) The vertical dimension of the cycle shows the expected investments required for a particular information technology and the horizontal dimension shows time. D) The vertical dimension of the cycle shows the efficiency of a particular information technology and the horizontal dimension shows life expectancy of that information technology. E) The vertical dimension of the cycle shows the user-friendliness of a particular technology and the horizontal dimension shows the investment in that technology.

B) The vertical dimension of the cycle shows the extent to which an organization derives value from a particular information technology and the horizontal dimension shows time

Which of the following statements is true about firms pursuing a brick-and-mortar business strategy? A) These firms avoid indulgence in physical store locations. B) These firms avoid indulgence in electronic commerce. C) These firms are only involved in export business activities. D) These firms indulge in rafter bidding activities. E) These firms operate in both physical and virtual arenas.

B) These firms avoid indulgence in electronic commerce.

Which of the following statements is true about firms pursuing a click-and-mortar business strategy? A) These firms are only involved in export business activities. B) These firms operate in both physical and virtual arenas. C) These firms are involved in rafter bidding activities. D) These firms conduct business only electronically in cyberspace. E) These firms avoid indulgence in physical store locations.

B) These firms operate in both physical and virtual arenas.

Identify a true statement about the function of knowledge workers. A) They use knowledge to perform their jobs, but do not create knowledge. B) They create, modify, and/or synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs. C) They lack the ability to solve non-routine problems at work. D) They modify knowledge created by others, but do not create knowledge themselves. E) They work in a monotonous workplace and lack innovation.

B) They create, modify, and/or synthesize knowledge as a fundamental part of their jobs.

________ are comprised of members from different geographic areas assembled as needed to collaborate on a certain project. A) Work groups B) Virtual teams C) Non-core teams D) Task forces E) Command groups

B) Virtual teams

Which of the following steps should be taken by a person to ensure his or her privacy online? A) Avoid Web sites that are monitored by independent organizations. B) Visit Web sites anonymously. C) Adjust his or her Web browser settings to save cookies. D) Ensure he or she receives a confirmation e-mail whenever he or she buys products online. E) Maintain only one e-mail account and use it when making online purchases

B) Visit Web sites anonymously.

________ refers to the display of complex data relationships using a variety of graphical methods. A) Normalization B) Visualization C) Clustering D) Inferencing E) Textual mining

B) Visualization

________ refers to offering stolen proprietary software for free over the Internet. A) Bot herding B) Warez peddling C) Spam filtering D) Viral marketing E) Spear phishing

B) Warez peddling

Dynamic Web applications are often referred to as ________ applications. A) user B) Web 2.0 C) service D) static interaction E) Web blog

B) Web 2.0

Which of the following statements best describes the productivity paradox of technology investment? A) The productivity of any technology is directly proportional to the investment in that technology. B) While it is easy to quantify the costs associated with developing an information system, it is often difficult to quantify tangible productivity gains from its use. C) As investment in technology increases, productivity decreases steadily. D) While it is easy to identify and quantify the intangible benefits of an information system, it is not easy to quantify the tangible benefits. E) The productivity of an information system is in no way related to the investment in the technology.

B) While it is easy to quantify the costs associated with developing an information system, it is often difficult to quantify tangible productivity gains from its use.

Which of the following is the main objective of information systems that focuses on improving supply chains? A) discouraging vendor-managed inventory systems B) accelerating product development and innovation C) discouraging sustainable production processes D) decentralizing the organizations E) encouraging the bullwhip effect

B) accelerating product development and innovation

With ________, employees may be identified by fingerprints, retinal patterns in the eye, facial features, or other bodily characteristics before being granted access to use a computer or to enter a facility. A) CAPTCHAs B) biometrics C) passwords D) ECHELONs E) smart cards

B) biometrics

In the 1990s, business process management was known as ________. A) business systems management B) business process reengineering C) business service reengineering D) application performance management E) application service management

B) business process reengineering

Companies using a ________ business strategy are also called virtual companies. A) click-and-flip B) click-only C) brick-and-mortar D) bricks-and-clicks E) click-and-mortar

B) click-only

A ________ is any computer on the network, or any software application, that uses only the services provided by the server. A) peer B) client C) host D) console E) port

B) client

The ".com" suffix in a Uniform Resource Locator is reserved for ________. A) non-profit organizations B) commercial organizations C) network organizations D) government entities E) educational organizations

B) commercial organizations

The make-to-stock process is typically used for ________. A) customizable goods B) commodities C) big-ticket items D) building aircrafts E) building highways

B) commodities

Timothy was reading tournament results of the football World Cup matches on Infogoalistic.com. As he was going through the results, an advertisement of new football studs popped up. This is an example of ________ advertising. A) covert B) contextual C) surrogate D) niche E) user-generated

B) contextual

In the order-to-cash process, checking credit is followed by ________. A) collecting payment B) creating an order C) allocating stock D) picking, packing, and shipping E) preparing and sending the invoice

B) creating an order

Applications that are designed and developed exclusively for a specific organization are known as ________ software. A) collaborative B) custom C) groupware D) ready-made application E) packaged

B) custom

Which of the following types of software is best suited for tasks that are unique to a particular business? A) collaborative B) custom C) groupware D) packaged E) ready-made application

B) custom

With respect to types of information systems used in organizations, an inventory management and planning system is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) geographic planning B) management information C) electronic commerce D) virtualization E) social software

B) management information

For a firm, reduced prices, need for increased quality, and demand for more services would result due to ________. A) threat of substitute products from other industries B) customers' bargaining power C) high threat of new entrants into the market D) traditional rivals within the industry E) increase in suppliers' bargaining power

B) customers' bargaining power

The acts of cybercriminals to gain information on a victim by monitoring online activities, accessing databases, and making false accusations are forms of ________. A) bot herding B) cyberstalking C) spam filtering D) viral marketing E) spear phishing

B) cyberstalking

Outbound logistics activities focus on the ________. A) processing of orders B) distribution of end products within the order-to-cash business process C) pricing of goods and services D) transformation of raw materials into end products E) receiving and stocking of raw materials, parts, and products

B) distribution of end products within the order-to-cash business process

One of the advantages of a database approach is program-data independence. This means that it is ________. A) easier to deploy and control data access using a centralized system B) easier to evolve and alter software to changing business needs when data and programs are independent C) a centralized system, thereby making it easier to enforce access restrictions D) a centralized system, thereby making it much easier to enforce standards and rules for data creation, modification, naming, and deletion E) useful for eliminating redundancy, thereby reducing the possibilities of inconsistency

B) easier to evolve and alter software to changing business needs when data and programs are independent

The extent to which goals are accomplished faster, at lower cost, or with relatively little time and effort is called ________. A) goal setting B) efficiency C) effectiveness D) accomplishment E) effort

B) efficiency

Which of the following types of information systems enables customers to buy goods and services from a firm's Web site? A) supply chain management system B) electronic commerce system C) geographic information system D) collaboration system E) customer relationship management system

B) electronic commerce system

Iver Audio is an all-in-one music management tool that was first marketed in 1999. Most users can use the Basic version that is free, but a $19.99 upgrade provides extra features such as supertagging, faster ripping and burning. Which of the following explains this approach for applying freeconomics? A) labor exchange approach B) freemium approach C) zero marginal cost approach D) cross subsidies approach E) gift economy approach

B) freemium approach

According to the disruptive growth engine, executive leadership will allow a firm to ________. A) effectively identify and evaluate potential disruptive innovations B) gain credibility and to bridge sustaining and disruptive product development C) gain the greatest disruptive opportunities D) build a disruptive team of expert innovators E) educate those closest to customers and competitors in order to identify opportunities

B) gain credibility and to bridge sustaining and disruptive product development

In the ________ process, goods are produced based on forecasts and are stored in a warehouse, and sales orders are then fulfilled from inventory. A) configure-to-stock B) make-to-stock C) make-to-order D) engineer-to-order E) assemble-to-order

B) make-to-stock

Which of the following is a core business process? A) time-to-purchase B) make-to-stock C) plan-to-produce D) account-to-report E) hire-to-retire

B) make-to-stock

When an organization offers the customer both a retail store and Internet shopping experience, it is referred to as ________. A) cross-channel retailing B) multichannel retailing C) omni-channel retailing D) network retailing E) bi-retailing

B) multichannel retailing

Which of the following examples can be considered as a violation for a copyright? A) Apple's multitouch technology B) music by an existing band C) Amazon's one-click buying D) mobile phones E) tablets

B) music by an existing band

The most prominent type of system software, the ________, coordinates the interaction between hardware components, peripherals, application software, and users. A) random-access memory B) operating system C) read-only memory D) base station E) point to point protocol

B) operating system

Components to simplify, standardize, and automate business processes related to inbound and outbound logistics, product development, manufacturing, and sales and service are called ________ management. A) human resource B) operations C) financial D) personal E) organizing

B) operations

Buying a book at Amazon.com illustrates which of the following core business processes? A) time-to-purchase B) order-to-cash C) plan-to-produce D) account-to-report E) hire-to-retire

B) order-to-cash

With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is used for small business computing. A) workstation B) personal computer C) mainframe computer D) server E) supercomputer

B) personal computer

Customers can run their own applications, which are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider in a(n) ________ model. A) infrastructure as a service B) platform as a service C) software as a service D) application as a service E) hardware as a service

B) platform as a service

In addition to being used for communication and collaboration, organizational intranets are widely used for enabling employee self-service for administering benefits, managing retirement plans, or other human resources-based applications through employee ________. A) plans B) portals C) tools D) entities E) channels

B) portals

Business rules are captured by the designers of a database and included in a data dictionary to ________. A) organize and sort the data, complete calculations, and allocate storage space B) prevent illegal or illogical entries from entering the database C) eliminate data duplication D) make sure that each table contains only attributes that are related to an entity E) capture the structure of the database

B) prevent illegal or illogical entries from entering the database

Peter Drucker stated that a knowledge society would emerge in the future that meant ________. A) knowledge workers are typically professionals who are well educated. B) processing knowledge would be as important as processing land, labor, or capital. C) a society would be computer literate. D) professionals would possess many different computer devices. E) knowledge workers would lead society.

B) processing knowledge would be as important as processing land, labor, or capital.

Analytical tools are used to optimally utilize materials, equipment, and labor during the ________ process of supply chain planning. A) demand forecasting B) production scheduling C) distribution planning D) inventory planning E) safety stock scheduling

B) production scheduling

Violating data belonging to banks or other financial institutions is a crime in the United States. Which of the following legislations prohibits such violations? A) the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act B) the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act C) the Patriot Act D) the Glass-Steagall Act E) the Electronic Communications Privacy Act

B) the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Data mining complements online analytical processing in that it ________. A) finds associations or correlations among sets of items B) provides capabilities for discovering hidden predictive relationships in the data C) extracts textual information from Web documents D) groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes E) analyzes different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries

B) provides capabilities for discovering hidden predictive relationships in the data

The cloud computing model has several unique and essential characteristics that distinguish cloud computing from an in-house infrastructure. One of these characteristics is ________. A) narrow network access B) rapid elasticity C) external network capability D) packaged networking E) cloud engineered data

B) rapid elasticity

When we consider entities as tables, each row is a ________. A) field B) record C) bot D) form E) query

B) record

Glassico Publishing is a leading media company in France. The company handles sensitive information and often finds it susceptible to information threats. As a countermeasure, the company installs strong firewalls and protective software. These steps are a part of ________. A) risk acceptance B) risk reduction C) risk mitigation D) risk transference E) risk rescheduling

B) risk reduction

Companies use ________ to move up their Web sites in the organic search engine results. A) search engine image protection B) search engine optimization C) search engine keyword insertion D) search-oriented architecture E) domain stacking

B) search engine optimization

With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is any computer on a network that makes access to files, printing, communications, and other services available to users of the network. A) workstation B) server C) personal computer D) supercomputer E) mainframe

B) server

The Internet of Things and the massive amounts of data generated enabled the creation of service-oriented business models. Identify this model. A) service B) servitization C) extreme data D) big data E) a database

B) servitization

Which of the following is a basic concept associated with Web 2.0? A) shift in user's preference from online sites to encyclopedias as sources of unbiased information B) shift in user's role from the passive consumer of content to its creator C) shift in user's interest from sharing information to finding information D) shift in user's lifestyle due to increased purchasing power E) shift in user's preference to environment-oriented products

B) shift in user's role from the passive consumer of content to its creator

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 prohibits ________. A) accessing company intranet and confidential information from public computers B) stealing or compromising data about national defense, foreign relations, atomic energy, or other restricted information C) the use of external devices to provide access and information to companies' confidential information D) signing contracts with consultants outside the United States to process information E) access to companies' extranets when outsourcing work to clients overseas

B) stealing or compromising data about national defense, foreign relations, atomic energy, or other restricted information

When senior managers at the executive level of the organization conduct ________, they form a vision of where the organization needs to head. A) executive planning B) strategic planning C) organizational planning D) resource planning E) operational planning

B) strategic planning

With respect to the online consumer's hierarchy of needs, identify the most critical characteristic of a Web site. A) functional convenience B) structural firmness C) representational delight D) descriptive link text E) cross-platform compatibility

B) structural firmness

With respect to decision making in organizations, ________ decisions are those in which the procedures to follow for a given situation can be specified in advance. A) comparative B) structured C) unscrupulous D) asymmetrical E) disfigured

B) structured

The term ________ is commonly used to refer to a collection of companies and processes involved in moving a product from the suppliers of raw materials to the customer. A) supply warehouse B) supply chain C) procurement D) demand chain E) value network

B) supply chain

The key use of the manufacturing execution module of supply chain management is to ________. A) forecast and plan anticipated demand for products B) support production processes, taking into account capacity and material constraints C) ensure that the materials required for production are available where needed and when needed D) assign optimal safety stock and target stock levels in all inventories in the supply network E) support receiving, storing, and picking of goods in a warehouse

B) support production processes, taking into account capacity and material constraints

The managerial level of an organization is also known as the ________ level. A) functional B) tactical C) executive D) operational E) strategic

B) tactical

company is conducting a cost-benefit analysis for its information system (IS) department. In this, the salary of an employee is an example of a(n) ________ cost. A) intangible and tangible B) tangible and recurring C) intangible and recurring D) tangible and non-recurring E) recurring and non-recurring

B) tangible and recurring

Which of the following core competencies is part of an IS personnel's business knowledge and skills? A) cloud computing B) technological communication and presentation C) systems development life cycle D) integrating subsystems and systems E) virtualization

B) technological communication and presentation

________ define the procedures that different computers follow when they transmit and receive data. A) Consoles B) Keyloggers C) Protocols D) Hosts E) Hypertexts

C) Protocols

Click-through rate reflects ________. A) the ratio of surfers who visit a Web site divided by the number of surfers who clicked on an ad B) the ratio of surfers who click on an ad divided by the number of times it was displayed C) the percentage of visitors who actually perform the marketer's desired action D) the ratio of surfers who click on an ad divided by the number of people who make a purchase E) the ratio of surfers who visit a Web site divided by the number of people who make a purchase

B) the ratio of surfers who click on an ad divided by the number of times it was displayed

Identify the purpose of a transaction processing system used in organizations. A) to support the activities within a specific functional area of the firm B) to handle day-to-day business event data at the operational level of the organization C) to produce detailed information to help manage a firm or part of a firm D) to support the coordination of suppliers, product or service production, and distribution E) to enable customers to buy goods and services from a firm's Web site

B) to handle day-to-day business event data at the operational level of the organization

An enterprise license is also known as a(n) ________ license. A) shrink-wrap B) volume C) click-wrap D) shareware E) implied

B) volume

Which of the following tasks is performed by application software? A) printing documents B) writing a business letter C) presenting information via a monitor D) updating the system clock E) saving data to a disk

B) writing a business letter

________ targeted at networks is designed to spread by itself without the need for an infected host file to be shared. A) Adware B) Spyware C) A worm D) Spam E) A logic bomb

C) A worm

________ is the transmission capacity of a computer or communications channel, which represents how much binary data can be reliably transmitted over the medium in one second. A) Latency B) Data buffer C) Bandwidth D) Jitter E) Codec

C) Bandwidth

Which of the following is an example of a basic relationship between an outsourcing vendor and client? A) STS Systems usually offers BelAir a discount on every purchase it makes. B) BelAir sets its system preferences according to STS products. C) BelAir buys a system from the vendor who offers the cheapest prices. D) STS has a direct stake in the success of BelAir's performance. E) STS modifies its product prices according to BelAir's requirements.

C) BelAir buys a system from the vendor who offers the cheapest prices.

Which of the following is NOT a typical revenue model in the digital world? A) Affiliate marketing B) Subscriptions C) Channel marketing D) Licensing E) Freemium

C) Channel marketing

________ software is the collection of programs that control the basic operations of computer hardware. A) Application B) Transitory C) System D) Open source E) Peripheral

C) System

The steps (in order) in the disruptive innovation cycle is ________. A) Matching, Choosing, Executing, and Assessing B) Matching, Evaluating, Executing, and Assessing C) Choosing, Matching, Executing, and Assessing D) Choosing, Evaluating, Executing, and Assessing E) Evaluating, Matching, Executing, and Assessing

C) Choosing, Matching, Executing, and Assessing

________ is the process of grouping related records together based on having similar values for attributes. A) Normalization B) Data mining C) Clustering D) Inferencing E) Slicing and dicing

C) Clustering

________ refers to systems for providing effective and efficient communication with the customer from the entire organization. A) Analytical customer relationship management (CRM) B) Sales force automation C) Collaborative customer relationship management (CRM) D) Operational customer relationship management (CRM) E) Business intelligence

C) Collaborative customer relationship management (CRM)

TransCorp is an IT firm that is looking to outsource its payroll processes. Which of the following statements, if true, would most strengthen the decision to outsource? A) Companies in other countries can do the same amount of work at a comparable cost. B) Outsourcing has become a trend among most firms in developed nations. C) Companies in other countries are more efficient in all aspects of work and are also cost effective. D) Firms across the globe are adopting cloud computing systems. E) The firm is enjoying good profit margins.

C) Companies in other countries are more efficient in all aspects of work and are also cost effective.

Which of the following is used to increase Web application performance? A) Trusted computing B) Distributed computing C) Content delivery networks D) IP convergence E) Green computing

C) Content delivery networks

________ is a phenomenon in which companies use everyday people as a cheap labor force. A) Nearshoring B) Phishing C) Crowdsourcing D) Narrowcasting E) Pharming

C) Crowdsourcing

________ refers to systems that automate requests, complaints, product returns, and information requests. A) Data warehouse B) Enterprise marketing management C) Customer service and support D) Execution management E) Sales force automation

C) Customer service and support

________ are new technologies, products, or services that eventually surpass the existing dominant technology or product in a market. A) Constructive innovations B) Adaptive innovations C) Disruptive innovations D) Facultative innovations E) Extensive innovations

C) Disruptive innovations

________ planning focuses on delivering products or services to consumers as well as warehousing, delivering, invoicing, and payment collection. A) Product demand B) Production C) Distribution D) Safety stock E) Inventory

C) Distribution

________ help in analyzing why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. A) Activity reports B) Exception reports C) Drill-down reports D) Scheduled reports E) Key-indicator reports

C) Drill-down reports

________ tools help a company in the execution of the customer relationship management (CRM) strategy by improving the management of promotional campaigns. A) Business intelligence B) Sales force automation C) Enterprise marketing management D) Customer interaction center E) Execution management

C) Enterprise marketing management

________ decisions are referred to as unstructured decisions because the problems are relatively complex and non-routine. A) Managerial-level B) Tactical-level C) Executive-level D) Operational-level E) Illusive-level

C) Executive-level

________ allow(s) designers of Web documents to create their own customized tags, enabling the definition, transmission, validation, and interpretation of data between applications and between organizations. A) MySQL B) Active Server Pages C) Extensible Markup Language D) Perl E) Unified Modeling Language

C) Extensible Markup Language

________ refers to technologies that support activities in the financial sector. A) Financial networking B) Electronic bill pay C) Fintech D) Mobile banking E) Technet

C) Fintech

A company has a five-member team in charge of development and maintenance of its information systems. An information system is in place, and the team performs routine maintenance to keep it running smoothly. Which of the following scenarios is an example of adaptive maintenance? A) Jason notices a faulty component in the system and modifies the component. B) Justin works on the system to make the user interface more user-friendly. C) Sara knows that the company is migrating to a new operating environment next month, and makes the appropriate changes to the system. D) Dylan predicts that the company's old system may fail under new demands, and takes steps to avert it. E) Kiera detects a fault in the coding, which is hampering system performance, and rectifies it.

C) Sara knows that the company is migrating to a new operating environment next month, and makes the appropriate changes to the system.

Which of the following is an example of a best-cost provider strategy? A) Different car manufacturers compete in the tiny super car category with prices starting at $150,000 and running as high as $600,000. B) Aerodoungle's Eridla brand is considered a luxury car. Some of Eridla's models like the ES model, however, are in the midrange of prices for cars. C) Global furniture retailer Rusicwood provides customers with affordable solutions for better living by offering home furnishings that combine good design, function, and quality with low prices. D) Wild Hog builds motorcycles that target only the high end of the heavyweight market-the high-end premium cruiser market-with names such as Wolf, Mastiff, and Bulldog. E) Streetsuit's everyday low prices (EDLP) strategy hinges upon its ability to obtain consumer goods at the cheapest possible price and pass these savings on to consumers.

C) Global furniture retailer Rusicwood provides customers with affordable solutions for better living by offering home furnishings that combine good design, function, and quality with low prices.

Which of the following differentiates grid computing from cloud computing? A) Grid computing uses a large number of computers. B) Grid computing is a natural evolution of the widespread adoption of virtualization and utility computing. C) Grid computing is applied to a single large problem. D) Grid computing involves over-the-Internet provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources. E) Grid computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources.

C) Grid computing is applied to a single large problem.

Jason has just made some changes to the information system at a company and wants to check if the system is working correctly. What should Jason do to conduct a beta test of the system? A) He should ask other programmers to check the modules he changed. B) He should check to see if the changed components are integrated well into the system. C) He should ask users of the system to test it using actual data. D) He should ask the software tester to test if the changed system meets design requirements. E) He should test the changed modules for correctness.

C) He should ask users of the system to test it using actual data.

________, the use of the Internet protocol (IP) for transporting voice, video, fax, and data traffic, has allowed enterprises to make use of new forms of communication and collaboration, as well as traditional forms of communication, at much lower costs. A) Grid computing B) IP edging C) IP convergence D) Edge computing E) IP console

C) IP convergence

________ is concerned with what information an individual should have to reveal to others in the workplace or through other transactions, such as online shopping. A) Information accessibility B) Information accuracy C) Information privacy D) Information asymmetry E) Information piracy

C) Information privacy

Which of the following statements is true about a neural network? A) It allows multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. B) It works in the background to provide some service when a specific event occurs. C) It attempts to approximate the functioning of the human brain and can learn by example. D) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. E) It helps analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred.

C) It attempts to approximate the functioning of the human brain and can learn by example.

A company implemented a new information system two months ago, but it has not resulted in concrete increases in productivity. A similar system has been in place at the company headquarters for the past two years, and this system has resulted in significant, quantifiable benefits. Which of the following reasons is the most likely explanation for the lack of results? A) The benefits of the new information system are difficult to pinpoint because the firm is considering the wrong indicators. B) The new system is being used to redistribute market share rather than make the whole market bigger. C) It can take years from the first implementation of this new system before the magnitude of benefits is felt by the organization. D) The benefits of the new information system are difficult to pinpoint because the firm is not familiar with the working of the system. E) The new system may be beneficial for individual firms, but not for a particular industry or the economy as a whole.

C) It can take years from the first implementation of this new system before the magnitude of benefits is felt by the organization.

Which of the following statements is true about data? A) It can be defined as a representation of reality. B) It is the ability to understand information. C) It has no meaning in and of itself. D) It is the ability to make decisions or predictions based on information. E) It organizes or manipulates information to make it suitable for a given task.

C) It has no meaning in and of itself.

Which of the following is true of patch management? A) It helps in testing the correctness of individual modules and the integration of multiple modules of a system. B) It helps in the process of transforming the system design into a working computer system. C) It helps in performing corrective or preventive maintenance for a system. D) It helps in decommissioning the current system and installing the new system in the organization. E) It helps to develop system documentation that details the inner workings of the system to ease future maintenance.

C) It helps in performing corrective or preventive maintenance for a system.

Which type of innovation is best described as supporting and enhancing the value of an offering? A) Process innovation B) Channel innovation C) Service innovation D) Brand innovation E) Structure innovation

C) Service innovation

Which of the following statements is true about business intelligence? A) It is an act of outsourcing tasks, traditionally performed by an employee or contractor, to an undefined, large group of people or community, through the use of information technology. B) It is the process by which a customer-owned mutual organization or cooperative changes legal form to a joint stock company. C) It is the use of information systems to gather and analyze information from internal and external sources in order to make better business decisions. D) It is an organization's process of defining its strategy, or direction, and making decisions on allocating its resources to pursue this strategy, including its capital and people. E) It is the use of human resources to gather and analyze information from external sources in order to make better business decisions.

C) It is the use of information systems to gather and analyze information from internal and external sources in order to make better business decisions.

Which of the following statements is true about product flow, a key element of supply chain execution? A) It refers to the ability of tracking products as they move through the supply chain. B) It refers to the movement of information along the supply chain, such as order processing and delivery status updates. C) It refers to the movement of goods from the supplier to production, from production to distribution, and from distribution to the consumer. D) It tracks a one-way flow of products from producers to consumers, but cannot process returns or customer refunds. E) It refers primarily to the movement of financial assets throughout the supply chain.

C) It refers to the movement of goods from the supplier to production, from production to distribution, and from distribution to the consumer.

Which of the following best describes the network effect? A) The value of a network depends on the number of mobile devices that are attached. B) It refers to the type of network an organization employs. C) It refers to the notion that the value of a network increases with the number of users. D) It refers to the effect of the wireless devices that are attached. E) It refers to the idea that networks are attached to each other.

C) It refers to the notion that the value of a network increases with the number of users.

Which of the following statements is true about an explicit knowledge asset? A) It reflects the processes and procedures that are located in a person's mind on how to effectively perform a particular task. B) It reflects a person's ability to effectively solve a problem without external help. C) It reflects knowledge that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of information systems. D) It reflects an individual's special knowledge about a new-to-the-world product. E) It reflects the strategies that can be applied to an enterprise resource planning system.

C) It reflects knowledge that can be documented, archived, and codified, often with the help of information systems.

Which of the following is an example of reintermediation? A) The diamond card of the Futilery Centriono, is issued by invitation only to customers who spend more than $250,000 a year on their shopping card. B) Nanny Duke, a baby products manufacturing company, acquires a list of parents-to-be and showers them with samples of diapers and other baby products to capture a share of their future purchases. C) Kambo, a fashion apparel company that deals directly with customers to sell its products, adds retailers to its supply chain to cater to its target audience in remote geographic locations. D) Rusicwood, a furniture manufacturing firm, starts selling directly to its customers after experiencing a dip in sales due to channel conflicts between retailers. E) Donuts Haven, a fast food chain, expands its menu beyond breakfasts by adding hearty snacks that substitute as meals in order to provide competition to the other food chains in the area.

C) Kambo, a fashion apparel company that deals directly with customers to sell its products, adds retailers to its supply chain to cater to its target audience in remote geographic locations.

________ decision making in an organization is referred to as semistructured decision making because solutions and problems are not clear-cut and often require judgment and expertise. A) Illusive-level B) Operational-level C) Managerial-level D) Executive-level E) Strategic-level

C) Managerial-level

________ is data about data. A) Multi data B) Data house C) Metadata D) Data system E) Pointer data

C) Metadata

Which of the following is likely to have the suffix ".com" after the domain name in its URL? A) UNICEF B) The Federal Reserve C) Microsoft D) The World Wide Fund for Nature E) Massachusetts Institute of Technology

C) Microsoft

________ refers to the use of analytical techniques for extracting information from textual documents. A) Web usage mining B) Text underlining C) Text mining D) Decision making E) Web content mining

C) Text mining

Which of the following statements is true about the platform as a service model? A) The customer is provided with the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking. B) The customer has no knowledge or control over the underlying infrastructure and has only limited ability to control or configure application-specific settings. C) The customer can run his or her own applications that are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider. D) Only the basic capabilities of processing, storage, and networking are provided. E) The customer has to manage the licenses for the operating systems being used.

C) The customer can run his or her own applications that are typically designed using tools provided by the service provider.

Which of the following occurred in the 1946-1958 generation of computing? A) The interpersonal computing era ended and the internetworking era began. B) The internetworking era ended. C) The mainframe era began. D) The mainframe era ended and the personal computer era began. E) The personal computer era ended and the interpersonal computing era began.

C) The mainframe era began.

Which of the following occurred in the 1964-1990 generation of computing? A) The mainframe era began. B) The personal computer era ended and interpersonal computing began. C) The mainframe era ended and the personal computer era began. D) The interpersonal computing era ended and the internetworking era began. E) The internetworking era ended.

C) The mainframe era ended and the personal computer era began.

Which of the following statements is true about companies pursuing a click-only business strategy? A) These companies approach business activities by operating in physical locations. B) These companies operate in both physical and virtual arenas. C) These companies conduct business electronically in cyberspace. D) These companies are only involved in export business activities. E) These companies choose to operate their business activities solely in the traditional manner.

C) These companies conduct business electronically in cyberspace.

Which of the following is true for tangible costs? A) They are recurring costs. B) They are always non-recurring costs. C) They are relatively easy to quantify. D) They are the same as intangible benefits. E) They are always fixed costs.

C) They are relatively easy to quantify.

Treston, an automobile manufacturer, recently implemented a new database system. It was confident that this system would help enhance the company's internal (employees) and external (customers and channel partners) communication. Treston had planned to pursue a just-in-time inventory system soon after the database system was implemented. After the implementation of the database system, however, Treston realized that the database system was not effective. Which of the following can be cited as a reason for the failure of Treston's database system? A) Aerodoungle launched a new version of Enterprise Database Access, which was better than Treston's database system. B) The maintenance cost of Treston's new database system was less than the one it was previously using. C) Treston's new database system was not supported by the database system of its suppliers and distributors. D) Treston's competitors implemented its database a few days prior to Treston's implementation date. E) Treston had internally trained personnel managing its new database system, thereby keeping costs low.

C) Treston's new database system was not supported by the database system of its suppliers and distributors.

________ is a business model in which the suppliers to a manufacturer manage the manufacturer's inventory levels based on preestablished service levels. A) Just-in-case manufacturing B) Scan-based trading C) Vendor-managed inventory D) Lean manufacturing E) Just-in-time manufacturing

C) Vendor-managed inventory

A data dictionary is also known as ________. A) a data mart B) a data warehouse C) a metadata repository D) ubiquitous computing E) clickstream data

C) a metadata repository

Data type helps a database management system (DBMS) to ________. A) present the data in a useful format B) format data C) allocate storage space D) eliminate data duplication E) retrieve information

C) allocate storage space

Requirements collection takes place during the systems ________ phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC). A) design B) implementation C) analysis D) maintenance E) operation

C) analysis

Organizations that effectively utilize ________ can more easily customize marketing campaigns from the segment level to even the individual customer. A) operational customer relationship management (CRM) B) integrated customer relationship management (CRM) C) analytical customer relationship management (CRM) D) collaborative design automation E) sales force automation

C) analytical customer relationship management (CRM)

Online analytical processing tools enable users to ________. A) discover hidden predictive relationships in the data B) find associations or correlations among sets of items C) analyze different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries D) group related records together based on having similar values for attributes E) extract textual information from Web documents

C) analyze different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries

Operating systems are often written in ________, a very low-level computer programming language that allows the computer to operate quickly and efficiently. A) structured query language B) hypertext markup language C) assembly language D) extensible markup language E) practical extraction and report language

C) assembly language

Walmart.com is an example of a ________ retailer. A) brick-and-mortar B) click-only C) bricks-and-clicks D) click-and-flip E) brick-and-flip

C) bricks-and-clicks

One major problem affecting supply chains are ripple effects referred to as the ________ effect. A) backflush B) multiplier C) bullwhip D) incremental E) stockwhip

C) bullwhip

The form of electronic commerce that is used by organizations to conduct business with business partners without involving the end consumer is known as ________ electronic commerce. A) business-to-consumer B) peer-to-peer C) business-to-business D) business-to-intermediary E) business-to-supplier

C) business-to-business

In an order-to-cash process, identify the next step that the online retailer takes after creating an order for a customer. A) collect payment B) create customer record C) check and allocate stock D) pick, pack, and ship E) prepare and send invoice

C) check and allocate stock

In the context of pay-per-click models, inflating the revenue to a host or increasing costs for the advertiser by repeatedly clicking on a link is called ________ fraud. A) link B) affiliate C) click D) conversion E) disintermediation

C) click

Bookseller Barnes & Noble is an example of a ________ company. A) flip-only B) click-only C) click-and-mortar D) click-and-flip E) brick-and-mortar

C) click-and-mortar

When a company tries to attract Web traffic by posting incomplete or tantalizing headlines it is using ________. A) a link to their website B) a link to a similar article C) clickbait D) an intelligent search engine E) a Web indicator

C) clickbait

The concept of ________ is based on the notion that distributed groups of people with a divergent range of information and expertise will be able to outperform the capabilities of individual experts. A) cognitive dissonance B) creative commons C) collective intelligence D) consensus democracy E) preference elicitation

C) collective intelligence

The ability to independently learn new technologies as they emerge and assess their impact on your work and life is called ________. A) computer networking B) computer adaptation C) computer fluency D) computer compatibility E) computer assembling

C) computer fluency

Which of the following terms means "knowing how to use a computer"? A) information security B) cloud computing C) computer literacy D) computer compatibility E) collaborative thinking

C) computer literacy

WordPress is a(n) ________. A) social networking Web site B) microblog C) content management system D) instant messaging application E) e-commerce Web site

C) content management system

The science of encryption is called ________. A) cryptanalysis B) cryptology C) cryptography D) cryptowall E) cryptarithm

C) cryptography

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, a product demand forecasting system is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) visualization B) geographic information C) decision support D) social software E) electronic commerce

C) decision support

Which of the following steps distinguishes external acquisition process from in-house development? A) systems planning and selection B) systems analysis C) development of a request for proposal D) proposal evaluation E) vendor selection

C) development of a request for proposal

An example of an agile methodology approach is ________. A) Patch management B) Object VxP Programming C) eXtreme Programming D) SQL Extreme E) Technet Extreme Programming

C) eXtreme Programming

The extent to which tasks are accomplished well is called ________. A) goal setting B) efficiency C) effectiveness D) accomplishment E) effort

C) effectiveness

Which of the following is an example of recurring costs associated with an information system? A) installation charges B) cost of hosting Web servers C) employee salaries D) technology purchases E) cost of system acquisition

C) employee salaries

The purpose of an intelligent system is to ________. A) enable people to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate with each other B) create, store, analyze, and manage spatial data C) emulate or enhance human capabilities D) support the coordination of suppliers, product or service production, and distribution E) produce detailed information to help manage a part of the firm

C) emulate or enhance human capabilities

Jane Estroisch works as a manager in a multidomestic firm. She focuses on the long-term questions facing the organization such as which countries to compete in and what organizational policies to follow. Jane is in the ________ level of the organization. A) operational B) tactical C) executive D) functional E) managerial

C) executive

A company's ________ secures proprietary information stored within the corporate local area network and/or wide area network so that the information can be viewed only by authorized users. A) Web ring B) static Web site C) firewall D) proxy server E) Web page

C) firewall

Two-tier ERP strategy can support operations at the corporate level, while providing the needed ________ at the subsidiary level. A) interoperability and reliability B) reliability and componentization C) flexibility and agility D) interoperability and accessibility E) scalability and manageability

C) flexibility and agility

Social bookmarking allows users to share Internet bookmarks and to create categorization systems. These categorization systems are referred to as ________. A) tag clouds B) podcasts C) folksonomies D) geospatial metadata E) microblogs

C) folksonomies

Both Sony's PlayStation Network and FedEx's systems were developed and are continuously updated to help the companies ________. Choose the option that best fits. A) maximize their profit B) ensure the systems operate at peak performance C) gain a competitive advantage over their competitors D) be sure their systems are not ubiquitous E) maintain efficiency

C) gain a competitive advantage over their competitors

An organization builds a fully equipped backup facility, having everything from office chairs to a one-to-one replication of the most current data. This facility is called a ________. A) buying center B) firewall C) hot backup site D) botnet E) collocation facility

C) hot backup site

Which of the following features of the Web contains not only information, but also references or links to other documents? A) proxy server B) Web ring C) hypertext D) codec E) domain name

C) hypertext

Which of the following core competencies is part of an IS personnel's systems knowledge and skills? A) hardware platforms B) virtualization C) information gathering and analysis D) cabling and network interface cards E) application software

C) information gathering and analysis

The WhatsApp application was created in 2009, and has quickly risen to broad popularity. WhatsApp is a(n) ________ application. A) blogging B) social networking C) instant messaging D) microblogging E) e-commerce

C) instant messaging

Supply chain execution ________. A) involves the development of a sourcing plan B) refers to the use of key performance indicators to monitor production C) involves the management of product flow, information flow, and financial flow D) refers to the ability to track products as they move through the supply chain E) involves the development of demand forecast

C) involves the management of product flow, information flow, and financial flow

In the procure-to-pay process, the negotiation of price and terms is followed by ________. A) settling the payment B) creating the customer record C) issuing the purchase order D) receiving the goods E) receiving the invoice

C) issuing the purchase order

Computer maker Dell realized the problems with keeping large inventories, especially because of the fast rate of obsolescence of electronics components. Dell now keeps only about two hours of inventory in its factories. The company is most likely using a ________ system. A) scan-based trading B) customer-managed inventory C) just-in-time inventory management D) vendor-managed inventory E) just-in-case inventory management

C) just-in-time inventory management

Preventive maintenance of a system involves ________. A) making changes to an information system to repair flaws in the design B) making enhancements to improve processing performance or interface usability C) making changes to a system to reduce the chance of future system failure D) adding desired, but not necessarily required, system features E) making changes to an information system to accommodate changing business needs

C) making changes to a system to reduce the chance of future system failure

According to basic economics within a competitive marketplace, the price of a product is set by its ________. A) opportunity cost B) sunk cost C) marginal cost D) transaction cost E) fixed cost

C) marginal cost

In online analytic processing systems, ________ are the values or numbers the user wants to analyze. A) dimensions B) forms C) measures D) queries E) entities

C) measures

In ________ pricing, companies set the prices that consumers pay for products. A) viral B) top-up C) menu-driven D) reverse E) rafter bid

C) menu-driven

In the context of GPS-enabled location-based services, the ability to give route directions from one point to another is an example of ________ service. A) mapping B) disintegration C) navigation D) reintegration E) tracking

C) navigation

Which of the following actions would an organization take if it decides to pursue a best-cost provider strategy? A) offering the best prices in its industry on its goods and/or services B) attempting to gain monopoly in the market by means of an unhealthy competition C) offering products or services of reasonably good quality at competitive prices D) providing high quality products at low prices in specific markets E) offering low quality products at low prices with high quality after-sales services

C) offering products or services of reasonably good quality at competitive prices

Potential pitfalls of social media and the enterprise include A) microblogging, social networks, and social dynamics. B) lessons learned, societal impacts of social media, and social dynamics. C) online product reviews, microblogging, and bad vibes going viral. D) microblogging, lessons learned, and a Web indicator. E) a Web indicator, online product reviews, and social networks.

C) online product reviews, microblogging, and bad vibes going viral.

At the ________ level of a firm, the routine, day-to-day business processes and interactions with customers occur. A) strategic B) tactical C) operational D) managerial E) executive

C) operational

Which of the following is a core activity according to the value chain model? A) human resource activities B) technology development C) operations and manufacturing D) administrative activities E) infrastructure activities

C) operations and manufacturing

The ________ process entails the process related to selling goods or services. A) procure-to-pay B) make-to-order C) order-to-cash D) make-to-stock E) goods-to-market

C) order-to-cash

Whenever an order is placed with online retailers, the retailers put together the order, ship it, and charge the payment to the customer's credit card. This process of selling a product or service is known as the ________ process. A) make-to-order B) time-to-market C) order-to-cash D) procure-to-pay E) make-to-stock

C) order-to-cash

Customers can purchase ________ software off the shelf to help them with their personal documents and communications. A) personalized B) tailored C) packaged D) custom E) bespoke

C) packaged

Under the ________ pricing model, the firm running the advertisement pays only when a Web surfer actually clicks on the advertisement. A) pay-per-refresh B) pay-per-sale C) pay-per-click D) pay-per-conversion E) click-per-visit

C) pay-per-click

Business analytics augments business intelligence by using ________ modeling to help identify trends or predict business outcomes. A) refinement B) threat C) predictive D) multivariate E) decision

C) predictive

Subprocesses of the procure-to-pay process include ________. A) collecting the payment B) creating customer records C) price and terms negotiations D) creating customer satisfaction E) speeding up the collection process

C) price and terms negotiations

Identify the factors that help in building models of customer demand in an analytical customer relationship management (CRM) system. A) sales forecasting and performance analyses B) account and contact management C) price, quality, and satisfaction analysis of competitors D) customer history and preferences management E) order processing and tracking

C) price, quality, and satisfaction analysis of competitors

Which of the following is the main advantage of customizable software over off-the-shelf software? A) cost effectiveness B) ease of procurement C) problem specificity D) lower risks E) user-friendliness

C) problem specificity

The processing and logic operations of an information system refer(s) to the ________. A) procedures for entering data into a system B) transfer of data across system components C) procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information D) multiple points of contact between a system and its users E) process of transforming the system design into a working computer system

C) procedures that transform raw data inputs into new or modified information

Value creation occurs when an organization can ________. A) sell more products at the same price over a given period B) create new products in an industry C) provide products at a lower cost or with superior benefits to the customer D) increase its customer base over time E) increase capacity in production at the same per unit cost

C) provide products at a lower cost or with superior benefits to the customer

A ________ is a document that an organization uses to tell vendors what its requirements are and to invite them to provide information about how they might be able to meet those requirements. A) request letter B) vendor request C) request for proposal D) requirements specification E) demand letter

C) request for proposal

With respect to organizational decision-making levels, for ________ decisions, some procedures to follow for a given situation can be specified in advance, but not to the extent where a specific recommendation can be made. A) unstructured B) planned C) semistructured D) asymmetrical E) structured

C) semistructured

The emergence of a highly successfully business that is technology based with potential for growth and scalability is often referred to as a(an) ________. A) new age company B) innovative company C) startup D) kickstarter E) novel

C) startup

With respect to the five general classes of computers, a ________ is typically used for scientific research. A) mainframe computer B) workstation C) supercomputer D) microcomputer E) server

C) supercomputer

Comptel, a world leader in computer hardware, differentiates itself from its competitors by providing excellent after-sales service. This implies that the competitive strategy used by Comptel would most likely focus on ________. A) supply chain analytics B) supply chain visibility C) supply chain effectiveness D) supply network collaboration E) supply chain efficiency

C) supply chain effectiveness

Which of the following steps takes place in an organization during both in-house systems development and external acquisition? A) vendor selection B) systems selection C) systems analysis D) development of a request for proposal (RFP) E) proposal evaluation

C) systems analysis

The process of connecting separate information systems and data to improve business processes and decision making is known as ________. A) database development B) business intelligence C) systems integration D) cloud computing E) data mining

C) systems integration

"Increased customer reach of the new Web-based system will result in at least a modest increase in sales." This statement represents a(n) ________ for the company. A) recurring cost B) intangible cost C) tangible benefit D) non-recurring cost E) intangible benefit

C) tangible benefit

Which of the following statements is a use of geotagging? A) to use avatars while chatting online B) to create categorization systems for social cataloging C) to know the location of a person sending out a breaking news update on Twitter D) to create folksonomies for social bookmarking E) to use syndicated feeds while sharing media

C) to know the location of a person sending out a breaking news update on Twitter

Which of the following is the key use of the distribution planning module of supply chain management? A) to ensure that the materials required for production are available when needed B) to forecast and plan anticipated demand for products C) to optimize the allocation of available supply to meet demand D) to support production processes taking into account capacity and material constraints E) to support receiving, storing, and picking of goods in a warehouse

C) to optimize the allocation of available supply to meet demand

Identify the purpose of an office automation system. A) to create, store, analyze, and manage spatial data B) to provide access to databases in order to support quantitative decision making C) to support a wide range of predefined day-to-day activities of individuals and small groups D) to support interaction between the firm and its customers E) to enable customers to buy goods and services from a firm's Web site

C) to support a wide range of predefined day-to-day activities of individuals and small groups

Albitrex Systems is an Asian software consulting firm that develops solutions for companies in the United States and Europe. The company is heavily dependent on the Internet for transporting data. It wants to ensure that only authorized users access the data and that the data is not intercepted and compromised. Which of the following would be most helpful to the company in achieving this goal? A) spam filtering B) hot back up C) tunneling D) open transmitting E) cloud storage

C) tunneling

The features and modules that an enterprise system comes with out of the box are referred to as the ________ version. A) best-practices B) reengineered C) vanilla D) customized E) modified

C) vanilla

Which of the following general classes of computers designed for medical, engineering, or animation and graphics design uses is optimized for visualization and rendering of three-dimensional models, and typically have fast processors, large memory, and advanced video cards? A) mainframes B) supercomputers C) workstations D) servers E) personal computers

C) workstations

Marketing researchers have found the cost of trying to win back customers who have gone elsewhere can be up to ________ times as much as keeping a current one satisfied. A) 2 B) 10-20 C) 25-40 D) 50-100 E) 150-200

D) 50-100

Which of the following statements is true about a GIS? A) A GIS is a system for creating, storing, analyzing, and managing abstract data. B) A GIS can be used to track user input. C) A GIS works behind the scenes to create a knowledge management system. D) A GIS can link the square footage of commercial real estate to its exact location in terms of latitude and longitude. E) A GIS cannot be used to create a thematic map.

D) A GIS can link the square footage of commercial real estate to its exact location in terms of latitude and longitude.

________ testing is testing of the overall system to see whether it meets design requirements. A) Developmental B) Beta C) Evolutionary D) Alpha E) Comparative

D) Alpha

Which of the following statements is true about peer production? A) The creator is responsible for publishing new information. B) Only editors have the right to develop new content. C) It is also known as an enterprise content system. D) Anyone can help in producing or improving the final outcome. E) A guest is a person who can only view the digital information.

D) Anyone can help in producing or improving the final outcome.

BelAir has developed and run its own information system for the past ten years. However, the company has now decided to outsource its information systems (IS) function to a service provider. Which of the following, if true, will strengthen BelAir's decision? A) BelAir's IS team developed the existing system from scratch and has ironed out most of the faults over the years. B) The service provider is highly recommended by its other clients. C) Most BelAir employees are familiar with the current information system. D) BelAir has seen a fall in its revenue over the last year. E) Outsourcing its IS function did not benefit BelAir's competitor, Amis Systems.

D) BelAir has seen a fall in its revenue over the last year.

Bringes, a retail chain, has retail stores across three states. With its current legacy system, Bringes is having problems tracking the inventory levels for its stores. It is planning to implement an Oracle database system to replace this legacy system. Which of the following most supports Bringes' decision to replace its legacy system with an Oracle database system? A) Implementing an Oracle database system will require Bringe to hire additional specialized personnel to manage it. B) Partial implementation of the Oracle database system can create more problems than it is likely to solve. C) Conversion cost required for the implementation of an Oracle database system is not supported by the IT budget. D) Bringes' channel partners use a database system that supports the Oracle database system. E) Maintenance of an Oracle database system is more expensive than the legacy system presently in use.

D) Bringes' channel partners use a database system that supports the Oracle database system.

Which of the following statements about a just-in-time strategy is true? A) Retailers using this strategy allow suppliers to maintain ownership of inventory within their warehouses or stores until items are scanned at the point of sale. B) Companies using this strategy allow suppliers to manage the manufacturer's inventory levels based on pre-established service levels. C) Companies using this strategy maintain large inventories of supplies, parts, warehousing resources, and extra workers to meet production contingencies. D) Companies using this strategy try to optimize their ordering quantities such that parts or raw materials arrive just when they are needed for production. E) A manufacturer or retailer using this strategy shares real-time sales data with suppliers who maintain inventory levels based on pre-established agreements.

D) Companies using this strategy try to optimize their ordering quantities such that parts or raw materials arrive just when they are needed for production.

A(n) ________ typically consists of a distorted image displaying a combination of letters and/or numbers that a user has to input into a form before submitting it. A) American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) B) Comprehensive TeX Archive Network (CTAN) C) Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) D) Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) E) Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS)

D) Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA)

________ is the securing of business financing from individuals in the marketplace. A) Capitalizing B) eLoans C) Internet funding D) Crowdfunding E) Self sourcing

D) Crowdfunding

________ is used in consumer-to-business e-commerce to have small, well-defined tasks performed by a scalable ad hoc workforce of everyday people. A) Nearshoring B) Insourcing C) Offshoring D) Crowdsourcing E) Homesourcing

D) Crowdsourcing

________ can be achieved by rolling up a data cube to the smallest level of aggregation needed, reducing the dimensionality, or dividing continuous measures into discrete intervals. A) Data cleansing B) Normalization C) Clustering D) Data reduction E) Inferencing

D) Data reduction

________ emulate traditional bulletin boards and allow for threaded discussions between participants. A) Instant messages B) Online document systems C) Blogs D) Discussion forums E) Wikis

D) Discussion forums

________ is an XML-based specification for publishing financial information. A) Extensible Rights Markup Language B) Extensible Application Markup Language C) Extensible Access Control Markup Language D) Extensible Business Reporting Language E) Enterprise Mashup Markup Language

D) Extensible Business Reporting Language

________ immediately after the purchase order is issued in the procure-to-pay process. A) Payment is settled B) Price and terms are negotiated C) Credit is checked D) Goods are received E) Invoices are received

D) Goods are received

________ is used to solve large-scale computing problems. A) Trusted computing B) Edge computing C) IP convergence D) Grid computing E) Distributed computing

D) Grid computing

________ refers to physical computer equipment, such as the computer monitor, central processing unit, or keyboard. A) Adware B) Malware C) Stealware D) Hardware E) Spyware

D) Hardware

Which of the following is likely to have the suffix ".edu" after the domain name in its URL? A) Yahoo! B) UNICEF C) The Federal Reserve D) Harvard Business School E) America Online

D) Harvard Business School

Personnel forecasting is a functional area information system contained within the ________ department of an organization. A) Accounting B) Financial C) Marketing D) Human Resources E) Operations

D) Human Resources

Which of the following portrays the improved integration benefit of a customer relationship management (CRM) system? A) Integrate all information for all points of contact with the customers-marketing, sales, and service-so that all who interact with customers have the same view and understanding of current issues. B) Improved record keeping and efficient methods of capturing customer complaints help to identify and solve problems faster. C) Integrated information removes information handoffs, speeding both sales and support processes. D) Information from the CRM can be integrated with other systems to streamline business processes and gain business intelligence as well as make other cross-functional systems more efficient and effective. E) Tracking customer behavior over time helps to identify future opportunities for product and service offerings.

D) Information from the CRM can be integrated with other systems to streamline business processes and gain business intelligence as well as make other cross-functional systems more efficient and effective.

Select the correct statement below. A) Artificial intelligence is the science of enabling humans to simulate machine thinking. B) Predictive modeling helps build unexplained models. C) Machine learning allows systems to learn by imitating humans. D) Intelligent systems emulate and enhance human capabilities. E) Intelligent agents (also called 'bots') are used by users to control how programs are opened.

D) Intelligent systems emulate and enhance human capabilities.

Which of the following is true of Software as a Service? A) It is not scalable in response to large increases in demand. B) It involves fixed monthly and yearly costs for the services. C) It requires the installation of specialized interfaces at the client end. D) It allows clients to access services on an as-needed basis. E) It requires an organization to maintain and develop the software.

D) It allows clients to access services on an as-needed basis.

Which of the following statements is true about social bookmarking? A) It is the distribution of digital media. B) It allows podcasters to publish and push current shows to the viewers or listeners. C) It allows people to communicate using avatars. D) It allows users to create folksonomies. E) It allows users to post short "status updates."

D) It allows users to create folksonomies.

Which of the following statements is true about an IP address? A) The format of an IP address is a 64-bit numeric address. B) It is written as eight numbers separated by periods. C) Each number separated by periods can have any number between 0 and 999. D) It can be used to navigate to particular Web addresses. E) It is written as a number with a period at the end.

D) It can be used to navigate to particular Web addresses.

Which of the following statements is true about an operational system? A) Its primary purpose is to support managerial decision making. B) It consists of historical or point-in-time data. C) Its goal is to enhance ease of access and use. D) It consists of narrow and simple updates and queries. E) It is primarily used by managers.

D) It consists of narrow and simple updates and queries.

Which of the following statements is true about the online analytic processing cube? A) It allows you to make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results. B) It groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. C) It understands how data are organized in the database and has special functions for analyzing the data. D) It is a data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. E) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice.

D) It is a data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table.

Which of the following statements is true about information? A) It has no meaning in and of itself. B) It organizes or manipulates knowledge to make it suitable for a given task. C) It is a set of unformatted words and numbers. D) It is a representation of reality. E) It is the ability to make predictions based on data.

D) It is a representation of reality.

Which of the following actions of a firm suggests that it uses the freemium approach for applying freeconomics? A) It provides free services to customers and gets paid for it by third parties. B) It reduces the sale price of one item in order to sell something else of value. C) It distributes products to customers without an appreciable cost to anyone. D) It offers basic services for free but charges a premium for special features. E) It allows people to participate and collaborate to create something of value.

D) It offers basic services for free but charges a premium for special features.

Which of the following is true of prototyping? A) It is part of the fourth stage of the systems development life cycle. B) It is synonymous with the adaptive maintenance of a system. C) It does not consider user requirements for the system. D) It uses a trial-and-error approach for discovering how a system should operate. E) It is also known as end-user development.

D) It uses a trial-and-error approach for discovering how a system should operate.

Which of the following predictions made by Peter Drucker is true? A) Knowledge workers have less bargaining power than workers in other industries. B) Knowledge workers lack valuable real-world skills. C) Knowledge workers lack reliance on formal education. D) Knowledge workers are continually learning how to do their jobs better. E) Knowledge workers are paid less in comparison with their prior industrial counterparts.

D) Knowledge workers are continually learning how to do their jobs better.

Which of the following can be cited as an example of a digital divide? A) Unlike Joey, Ryan has access to more books and good advice because he studies in a better school. B) Unlike Ben, Claudia possesses superior analytical skills that make her better at mathematics. C) Kevin has better chances of promotion when compared to Vincent because of his people skills. D) Lora has access to more information than Frank because she knows how to operate a computer. E) Sam has better multitasking skills than Neal that make him a better manager.

D) Lora has access to more information than Frank because she knows how to operate a computer.

According to ________, the number of transistors that could be squeezed onto a silicon chip would double every 18 months. A) Metcalfe's law B) Megan's law C) Murphy's law D) Moore's law E) Ashby's law

D) Moore's law

________ use the Internet to check the software vendor's Web site for available fixes to problems. The application downloads and installs these in order to fix software flaws. A) Alpha testing systems B) Proxy variables C) Benchmarking systems D) Patch management systems E) Workarounds

D) Patch management systems

________ networks enable any computer or device on the network to provide and request services. All members of the network have equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. A) Server-centric B) Server-to-peer C) Client-to-peer D) Peer-to-peer

D) Peer-to-peer

________ costs are ongoing costs that occur throughout the life of the system. A) Smart B) Sector C) Fixed D) Recurring E) Non-recurring

D) Recurring

________ reflect(s) the organization's specific assets that are utilized to achieve cost or product differentiation from its competitors. A) Products B) Goodwill C) Technology D) Resources E) People

D) Resources

Which of the following is an example of business-to-consumer electronic commerce? A) Brenda files her income tax online. B) Canchi, a shoe manufacturer, conducts business over the Web with its retailers. C) Juan buys guitars for resale on Monsung.com. D) Reuben buys a pair of shoes on Mysticshoes.com. E) Neal places a bid for a mobile phone on the online auction site Feliciate.com.

D) Reuben buys a pair of shoes on Mysticshoes.com.

Which of the following is an example of disintermediation? A) Anister, a car-manufacturing company, markets most of its four-wheel drives in high altitude regions where vehicles require more power. B) Donuts Haven, a fast food chain, expands its menu beyond breakfasts by adding hearty snacks that substitute as meals in order to provide competition to the other food chains in the area. C) Aubrey Thirst Quencher is a market leader in sports drinks. It expands its market by providing its drinks to working women in urban areas. D) Rusicwood, a furniture manufacturing firm, starts selling directly to its customers after experiencing a dip in sales due to channel conflicts between retailers. E) A luxury car company creates a hybrid line of automobiles for consumers who are concerned about the environment.

D) Rusicwood, a furniture manufacturing firm, starts selling directly to its customers after experiencing a dip in sales due to channel conflicts between retailers.

________ are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. A) Security reports B) Exception reports C) Drill-down reports D) Scheduled reports E) Key-indicator reports

D) Scheduled reports

________ is the extent to which a company's supply chain is focusing on minimizing procurement, production, and transportation costs. A) Supply chain analytics B) Supply chain effectiveness C) Supply network collaboration D) Supply chain efficiency E) Supply chain visibility

D) Supply chain efficiency

Which of the following can be considered beta testing? A) A programmer at Linus Systems checks the integration of multiple modules of an information system. B) Software testers compare the finished system against user requirements to see if it satisfies all necessary criteria. C) Taro Inc. checks the correctness of the modules in its new information system. D) System users at URP feed data into a new information system to test its capability. E) MNP Inc. checks the system to ensure that it meets all the necessary design requirements.

D) System users at URP feed data into a new information system to test its capability.

Which of the following statements is true about information flow, a key element of supply chain execution? A) A key element of information flow is to foresee external events. B) Information can only flow up the supply chain. C) It refers to the use of key performance indicators to monitor performance of the entire supply chain. D) The key element to the information flow is the complete removal of paper documents. E) It refers primarily to the movement of financial assets throughout the supply chain.

D) The key element to the information flow is the complete removal of paper documents.

Which of the following statements is true about the companies operating in the online world and a customer's online privacy? A) The vendor cannot track the Web pages a customer looks at. B) The vendor cannot track what products a customer examines in detail. C) The vendor is not capable of knowing the method of payment a customer chooses to use. D) The vendor is not required by law to respect a customer's privacy. E) The vendor cannot know where a customer is having the product delivered.

D) The vendor is not required by law to respect a customer's privacy.

Which of the following statements is true about ad hoc queries? A) They are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. B) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule. C) They help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. D) They answer unplanned information requests to support a non-routine decision. E) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range.

D) They answer unplanned information requests to support a non-routine decision.

Which of the following statements is true about user agents? A) They are also known as Web spiders. B) They are agents that search to find the best price for a particular product a user wishes to purchase. C) They are agents that continuously analyze large data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user. D) They are agents that automatically perform a task for a user. E) They are agents designed by spammers and other Internet attackers to farm e-mail addresses off Web sites or deposit spyware on machines.

D) They are agents that automatically perform a task for a user.

According to business process management, identify the management's next step after developing a vision for the organization. A) They should identify the ways in which information systems can be used to improve the various business processes. B) They should design and implement a prototype of the new processes. C) They should manage the information technology to be used from a business transaction perspective. D) They should identify the critical processes that are to be redesigned. E) They should understand and measure the existing processes as a baseline for future improvements.

D) They should identify the critical processes that are to be redesigned.

Which of the following statements about vendor-managed inventory (VMI) is true? A) To make VMI possible, the manufacturer must maintain large inventories of supplies, parts, warehousing resources, and extra workers to meet production contingencies. B) Manufacturers using the VMI business model manage the inventories themselves and send out requests for additional items to the vendors as needed. C) Companies using this strategy try to optimize their ordering quantities such that parts or raw material arrive just when they are needed for production. D) To make VMI possible, the manufacturer allows the supplier to monitor stock levels and ongoing sales data. E) Retailers using this strategy allow suppliers to maintain ownership of inventory within their warehouses or stores until items are scanned at the point of sale.

D) To make VMI possible, the manufacturer allows the supplier to monitor stock levels and ongoing sales data.

Which of the following statements is true about collaboration? A) Two or more people cooperating. B) Two or more people working together on a project team. C) Two or more people meeting together at lunch. D) Two or more people working together to achieve a common goal. E) Two or more people working together

D) Two or more people working together to achieve a common goal.

A ________ is a software application that can be used to locate and display Web pages including text, graphics, and multimedia content. A) Webcam B) keylogger C) proxy server D) Web browser E) Webmaster

D) Web browser

Which of the following is used for Web content mining? A) clustering B) Web underlining C) neural networks D) Web crawler E) data reduction

D) Web crawler

With regards to the World Wide Web, Web pages are stored on ________. A) Web consoles B) Web rings C) Web consortiums D) Web servers E) Web hosts

D) Web servers

________ is the distribution of digital media, such as audio or video files, via syndication feeds for on-demand playback on digital media players. A) Narrowcasting B) Crowdsourcing C) Blogging D) Webcasting E) Phishing

D) Webcasting

When Shelly downloaded an arcade game from an unknown Internet Web site, an unauthorized connection unknown to Shelly was established with her computer. The arcade game is most likely to be ________. A) spyware B) a worm C) adware D) a Trojan horse E) encryption

D) a Trojan horse

To enable collaboration and communication within an organization's workforce, many companies now use ________. A) the Internet B) Skype C) Gmail D) a social intranet. E) videoconferencing

D) a social intranet.

Ronald downloads a movie from the Internet onto his company's computer. During this process, his system gets infected with a virus. The virus spreads rapidly in the company's network causing the server to crash. This type of virus is most likely to be ________. A) adware B) phishing mail C) spam D) a worm E) a Trojan horse

D) a worm

While using digital dashboards, pull reporting is conducted to ________. A) alert the user of any items that require immediate attention B) provide the decision makers with a quick overview of key performance indicators C) discover hidden predictive relationships in the data D) analyze the root causes of an exception E) extract textual information from Web documents

D) analyze the root causes of an exception

Which of the following explains Web analytics? A) conducting online marketing research to improve product quality B) analyzing Web sites in order to find the best one in a category C) tracking all online purchasers to try and increase their frequency of visit to a particular Web site D) analyzing Web surfers' behavior in order to improve Web site performance E) analyzing Web sites in order to find the best online business practices

D) analyzing Web surfers' behavior in order to improve Web site performance

Which of the following is a role of data mining agents? A) tracking inventory levels B) sending a report at the first of the month automatically C) assembling customized news D) analyzing data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user E) finding the best price for a particular product a user wants to purchase

D) analyzing data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user

The two most likely benefits realized from utilizing enterprise systems are improvements in ________. A) improved customer interaction and improved supplier integration B) reduced inventory and reduced operating expenses C) reduced lead times for manufacturing and improved customer interaction D) availability of information and increased interaction throughout the organization E) improved compliance with standards and improved supplier integration

D) availability of information and increased interaction throughout the organization

A dataset comprised of extremely large amounts of complex data would best be described as ________. A) mega data B) network data C) extreme data D) big data E) a database

D) big data

Bandwidth is measured in ________. A) moles per second B) joules per second C) parts per million D) bits per second E) relays per second

D) bits per second

In electronic commerce, ________ is defined as the percentage of single-page visits. A) exit rate B) showrooming C) freecycling D) bounce rate E) value chain analysis

D) bounce rate

Big Data is ________. A) structured data which fit neatly into spreadsheets B) semistructured data such as clickstream and sensor data C) unstructured data such as audio and video D) characterized based on its high velocity E) organizational wide data

D) characterized based on its high velocity

Which of the following is a recording of a user's path through a Web site? A) clustering B) normalization C) slicing and dicing D) clickstream data E) inferencing

D) clickstream data

A(n) ________ system allows users to publish, edit, version track, and retrieve digital content, such as documents, images, audio files, videos, or anything else that can be digitized. A) social presence B) collective intelligence C) application sharing D) content management E) peer production

D) content management

The ________ is a set of best practices that helps organizations to maximize the benefits from their IS infrastructure and to establish appropriate controls. A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (S-OX) B) Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) C) Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 D) control objectives for information and related technology (COBIT) E) U.S.A. Patriot Act

D) control objectives for information and related technology (COBIT)

The process of making changes to an information system to repair flaws in design, coding, or implementation is known as ________ maintenance. A) adaptive B) perfective C) preventive D) corrective E) predictive

D) corrective

Identify a key technology in analytical customer relationship management (CRM) systems. A) failure effect and mode analysis B) probabilistic risk assessment C) neural networks D) data mining E) cognitive science

D) data mining

Outsourcing has seen a huge increase because of the ________. A) increase in decentralization B) increase in the use of cloud computing C) increase in advertising costs D) decrease in telecommunication costs E) decrease in the cost of raw materials

D) decrease in telecommunication costs

In grid computing, the slowest computer creates a bottleneck and slows down the entire grid. A(n) ________ grid, consisting of a large number of homogeneous computers, can help overcome these problems. A) trusted B) edged C) clustered D) dedicated E) parallel

D) dedicated

Demand planning and estimating leads to the development of the overall ________. A) sourcing plan B) demand paging C) production plan D) demand forecast E) safety stock plan

D) demand forecast

Information about one's identity and place of living is an example of ________. A) behavioral data B) geographic data C) psychographic data D) demographic data E) attitudinal data

D) demographic data

Computers that are located in homes, schools, and businesses are infected with viruses or worms to create armies of zombie computers to execute ________ attacks. A) digital marketing B) malware C) adware D) denial-of-service E) product-as-service

D) denial-of-service

An internally focused system helps an organization coordinate with its ________. A) suppliers B) business partners C) producers D) departments E) customers

D) departments

According to business process management, identify the next step taken by management after identifying the ways in which the information systems can be used. A) identifying the critical processes that are to be redesigned B) understanding and measuring the existing processes as a baseline for future improvements C) reducing costs and shortening the time it takes to get products to market D) designing and implementing a prototype of the new process E) developing a vision for the organization that specifies the business objectives

D) designing and implementing a prototype of the new process

System efficiency is the extent to which a system ________. A) allows firms to reach their operational targets B) allows people to plan tasks that are achievable C) enables people to accomplish goals or tasks well D) enables people to do things faster or at lower cost E) allows employees to reduce the risks associated with tasks

D) enables people to do things faster or at lower cost

Applications that integrate business activities across departmental boundaries are often referred to as ________ planning systems. A) manufacturing resource B) computer-integrated C) capacity requirement D) enterprise resource E) materials requirement

D) enterprise resource

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, financial, operations, and human resource management is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) social software B) data mining and visualization C) geographic information D) enterprise resource planning E) electronic commerce

D) enterprise resource planning

The purpose of a(n) ________ is to support and integrate all facets of the business, including planning, manufacturing, sales, marketing, and so on. A) intelligent system B) functional area information system C) electronic commerce system D) enterprise resource planning system E) management information system

D) enterprise resource planning system

At the ________ level of an organization, managers focus on long-term strategic questions facing the organization, such as which products to produce, which countries to compete in, and what organizational strategy to follow. A) managerial B) tactical C) operational D) executive E) illusory

D) executive

The term given to a company that is first to enter a market thus creating a competitive advantage is ________. A) competitive mover B) strategic mover C) executive mover D) first-mover advantage E) first-mover competitor

D) first-mover advantage

Which of the following types of information systems creates, stores, analyzes, and manages spatial data? A) electronic commerce system B) collaboration system C) virtualization system D) geographic information system E) decision support system

D) geographic information system

A state agency reporting birth and death information to the U.S. Social Security Administration using the Internet is an example of ________ electronic commerce. A) business-to-consumer B) government-to-citizen C) government-to-business D) government-to-government E) business-to-business

D) government-to-government

"Backward looking" budgets are typically based on ________. A) forecasts B) marketing research C) future trends D) historical data E) current market conditions

D) historical data

Recovery point objectives of a recovery plan specify ________. A) the maximum time allowed to recover from a catastrophic event B) data structures and patterns of the data C) the minimum time after which response should be allowed in a catastrophic event D) how current the backup data should be E) the capacity of backup servers in storing the necessary data

D) how current the backup data should be

In an information system, a ________ is the point of contact between a system and users. A) biointerface B) network interface C) point-to-point link D) human computer interface E) data link

D) human computer interface

Software programming and testing takes place during the systems ________ stage of the systems development process. A) planning B) analysis C) maintenance D) implementation E) design

D) implementation

Which of the following is an economic change brought about by globalization enabled by information technology? A) increase in the frequency of worldwide fads and phenomena B) development of low-cost computing platforms C) availability of low-cost communication systems D) increase in the outsourcing of labor E) decentralization of organizations

D) increase in the outsourcing of labor

A metric deemed most critical to accessing progress toward a certain goal is referred to as a(an) ________. A) critical factor B) critical performance indicator C) critical performance initiative D) key performance indicator E) performance metric

D) key performance indicator

While adding information to the employee information database, Neil's computer crashed, and the entire database was erased. Which of the following types of viruses caused Neil's computer to crash? A) spyware B) worms C) adware D) logic bombs E) encryption

D) logic bombs

With respect to the general classes of computers, a ________ is very large and is used primarily as the main, central computing system for major corporations. A) personal computer B) supercomputer C) server D) mainframe computer E) workstation

D) mainframe computer

In an e-business innovation cycle, after an organization scans the environment for new emerging and enabling technologies, the next step is to ________. A) create jobs, groups, and processes that are all devoted to scanning the environment B) select the database and data storage advances C) address the current opportunity to grab customers and market share D) match the most promising new technologies with current economic opportunities E) assess the value of the use of technology for customers and internal clients

D) match the most promising new technologies with current economic opportunities

An electronic ________ is essentially a collection of personal computers networked together with sophisticated software tools to help group members solve problems and make decisions through interactive electronic idea generation, evaluation, and voting. A) folksonomy B) fund transfer C) data interchange D) meeting system E) tag cloud

D) meeting system

Which of the following core competencies are part of an IS personnel's technical knowledge and skills? A) systems analysis and design B) integrating subsystems and systems C) interpersonal skills and group dynamics D) network administration E) technological communication and presentation

D) network administration

Administrative activities focus on the ________. A) design and development of applications that support the primary business activities B) hardware and software that must be implemented to support the applications that the primary activities use C) business activities associated with employee management D) processes and decision making to orchestrate the day-to-day operations of an organization E) purchasing of goods and services that are required as inputs for the primary activities

D) processes and decision making to orchestrate the day-to-day operations of an organization

The organization waits for an order, allowing the organization to initiate a ________ sequence to move the order through the production process. A) pushing B) rotating C) working D) pulling E) propelling

D) pulling

The purpose of a data warehouse is to ________. A) standardize the format of data retrieved from different systems B) allow managers to run queries and reports themselves without having to know query languages or the structure of the underlying data C) provide capabilities for discovering hidden predictive relationships in the data D) put key business information into the hands of more decision makers E) increase the complexity of the data to be analyzed

D) put key business information into the hands of more decision makers

Inbound logistics involves business activities associated with ________. A) distributing end products within the order-to-cash business process B) creating marketing literature C) communicating with potential and existing customers D) receiving and stocking raw materials, parts, and products E) order processing

D) receiving and stocking raw materials, parts, and products

A ________ is a business document containing only predefined data for online viewing or printing. A) form B) script C) sheet D) report E) module

D) report

The term systems development life cycle (SDLC) describes the life of an information system from conception to ________. A) estimation B) implementation C) verification D) retirement E) development

D) retirement

A query is used to ________. A) organize and sort the data in a database B) allocate storage space for a database C) eliminate data duplication D) retrieve data from a database E) prevent illegal or illogical entries from entering the database

D) retrieve data from a database

The ability to adapt to increases or decreases in demand for processing or data storage is known as ________. A) extensibility B) portability C) reliability D) scalability E) usability

D) scalability

A way to ensure that a company's site is on the first page users see when looking for a specific term is using ________ advertising. A) stealth B) viral C) buzz D) search E) affiliate

D) search

A ________ is defined as an economic system in which assets or services are shared between private individuals, either free or for a fee. A) services economy B) communication economy C) flexible economy D) sharing economy E) social economy

D) sharing economy

When using Yahoo Messenger, Roger gets an unsolicited advertisement from a company. The advertisement contains a link to connect to the merchant's Web site. Which of the following is the most suitable way of describing this type of advertisement? A) adware B) cookie C) Internet hoax D) spam E) cyber squatting

D) spam

Managers in the ________ level of an organization are referred to as "executives." A) operational B) tactical C) functional D) strategic E) managerial

D) strategic

La Belle Inc. introduced a new line of accessories for teenage girls last season. Following its immense popularity with the targeted group, the company anticipated high sales in the current season and ordered raw materials accordingly. However, the success of the new line turned out to be a fad as the teens soon turned to other products offered by competing brands and La Belle's sales declined. This forecasting error caused a huge discrepancy in the amount of raw materials they needed and the amount of inventory they had already piled up in anticipation of good sales. This is an example of ________. A) the multiplier effect B) hindsight bias C) product recall D) the bullwhip effect E) safety stock planning

D) the bullwhip effect

In a database management system (DBMS), data are kept separate from the application's programming code. This means that ________. A) an application cannot be changed without making changes to the database B) an application's programming code needs to be updated continuously to keep up with the database C) an application needs to be changed when the database is changed D) the database does not need to be changed if a change is made to an application E) the database needs to be changed when a change is made to an application

D) the database does not need to be changed if a change is made to an application

Business case arguments based on fear are dependent on ________. A) the belief that implementing the new information system can have significant positive consequences for the firm B) beliefs about organizational strategy, competitive advantage, industry forces, customer perceptions, market share, and so on C) data, quantitative analysis, and/or indisputable factors D) the notion that if the system is not implemented, the firm will lose out to the competition or go out of business E) the results of a qualitative analysis of employee responses to the new information system

D) the notion that if the system is not implemented, the firm will lose out to the competition or go out of business

A hashtag (#) is used in a tweet ________. A) to show who the tweet is from B) to show who the tweet is to C) to indicate it is of extreme importance D) to indicate the topic and relate the tweet to other tweets about the same topic E) to indicate how the tweet is delivered

D) to indicate the topic and relate the tweet to other tweets about the same topic

Which of the following is a main objective of customer relationship management applications focusing on downstream information flows? A) to track global spending on suppliers B) to encourage the bullwhip effect C) to develop demand forecasts D) to portray a positive corporate image E) to collaborate demand and production planning

D) to portray a positive corporate image

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, a grocery store checkout cash register with a connection to a network is an example of a(n) ________. A) intelligent system B) functional area information system C) decision support system D) transaction processing system E) electronic commerce system

D) transaction processing system

Distribution planning leads to the development of the overall ________ plan. A) production B) safety stock C) manufacturing D) transportation E) security

D) transportation

A(n) ________ information flow consists of information that is received from another organization. A) stand-alone B) legacy C) packaged D) upstream E) downstream

D) upstream

Under the ________ model, organizations "rent" resources such as processing, data storage, or networking from an external provider on an as-needed basis and pay only for the services used. A) cluster computing B) grid computing C) distributed computing D) utility computing E) parallel computing

D) utility computing

With respect to the components of a business model, ________ is the utility that the product/service must offer to customers. A) cost structure B) value grid C) value migration D) value proposition E) revenue stream

D) value proposition

Inventory management is an application that is part of the ________ functional area. A) Accounting B) Financial C) Marketing D) Human Resources E) Operations

E) Operations

Define disruptive innovation and how it leads to the innovator's dilemma.

Define disruptive innovation and how it leads to the innovator's dilemma.

Briefly describe desktop videoconferencing.

Desktop videoconferencing has been enabled by the growing power of processors powering personal computers and faster Internet connections. A desktop videoconferencing system usually comprises a fast, personal computer, a webcam (i.e., a small video camera that is connected directly to a PC), a speaker telephone or separate microphone, videoconferencing software (e.g., Skype, Google+, Yahoo! Messenger, or Windows Live Messenger), and a high-speed Internet connection. Similarly, people can now use apps such as FaceTime, FriendCaller, or Skype on their mobile devices, enabling them to make video calls on the go.

MaXoSteel Inc. has been supplying steel to Agis Corp., a well-known car manufacturer, for the past three years. Concerned employees at MaXoSteel can directly access Agis' inventory and sales information via electronic data interchange. This allows MaXoSteel to monitor Agis' inventory levels on a real-time basis. The system has worked well for both companies so far and there has never been any delay in the supply of steel. Which of the following steps, if taken by Agis, would most strengthen its supply chain strategy? A) Agis Corp.'s management decides to take strong measures for increasing its safety stock of all raw materials. B) Agis takes measures to add wholesalers and retailers into its supply chain. C) Agis wants to purchase MaXoSteel in order to reduce dependency. D) Agis takes measures to directly contact the consumers by removing wholesalers and retailers from its supply chain. E) Agis takes measures to ensure that the information shared with MaXoSteel is not shared with outsiders.

E) Agis takes measures to ensure that the information shared with MaXoSteel is not shared with outsiders.

________ use(s) information systems to enhance a person's perception of reality by providing relevant information about the user's surroundings with the use of special glasses or other devices. A) 3-D glasses B) Teleport C) Virtual reality D) HoloLens E) Augmented reality

E) Augmented reality

________ is the process of creating an online text diary made up of chronological entries that comment on everything from one's everyday life to wine and food, or even computer problems. A) Crowdsourcing B) Keylogging C) Pharming D) Phishing E) Blogging

E) Blogging

As defined by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), "________ is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction." A) Green computing B) Social networking C) Internetworking D) Web phishing E) Cloud computing

E) Cloud computing

Which of the following occurs during wiki wars? A) Editors do not agree with the creators of the content. B) Editors agree with the creators of the content. C) Administrators refuse to publish a creator's content. D) Guests edit a creator's content without permission. E) Contributors continuously edit or delete each other's posts.

E) Contributors continuously edit or delete each other's posts.

The ________ Act of 1986 made it much more difficult for anyone, including the government, to eavesdrop on phone conversations. A) Electronic Communication Modernization B) Internet Privacy C) Sarbanes-Oxley D) Gramm-Leach-Bliley E) Electronic Communications Privacy

E) Electronic Communications Privacy

Which of the following is one of the main federal laws against computer crimes in the United States? A) Satellite Act of 1962 B) Trade Expansions Act of 1962 C) United States Information and Educational Exchange Act D) Central Intelligence Agency Act E) Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

E) Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986

________ is an example of an online office suite comprised of a spreadsheet application, a word processor, and a presentation application. A) Google Mail B) Google Talk C) Google Maps D) Google Calendar E) Google Docs

E) Google Docs

The standard method of specifying the format of Web pages is called ________. A) Structured Query Language (SQL) B) Practical Extraction and Report Language (PERL) C) Extensible Markup Language (XML) D) Assembly Language (AL) E) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

E) Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Which of the following statements is true about information systems (IS) and information technology (IT)? A) IT programs have a stronger managerial focus than IS programs. B) IS programs have a stronger data retrieval capacity than IT programs. C) Software and telecommunications are present in IS, but excluded from IT. D) The difference between IT and IS is increasing due to globalization. E) IT programs are more technical than IS programs.

E) IT programs are more technical than IS programs.

________ is the stealing of another person's Social Security number, credit card number, and other personal information for the purpose of using the victim's credit rating to borrow money, buy merchandise, and otherwise run up debts that are never repaid. A) Logic bombing B) Battery C) Spear phishing D) Bot herding E) Identity theft

E) Identity theft

Which of the following statements is true about a mashup? A) It is a small interactive tool used for a single purpose. B) It is used to increase brand awareness through the network effect. C) It is the process of allowing companies to use everyday people as a cheap labor force. D) It is used to disseminate information to a narrow audience. E) It is an application or a Web site that uses data from one or more service providers.

E) It is an application or a Web site that uses data from one or more service providers.

Which of the following statements is true about a Real Simple Syndication (RSS) feed? A) It is used to increase brand awareness through the network effect. B) It is used to disseminate information to a narrow audience. C) It is used to market the product without the audience realizing it. D) It is used to enable people to work on a variety of Internet related projects in more flexible ways. E) It is used to access the most current blogs, podcasts, videos, and news stories.

E) It is used to access the most current blogs, podcasts, videos, and news stories.

Which of the following is true regarding enterprise resource planning (ERP)? A) It stores data in different locations. B) It is an older version of materials requirement planning. C) It helped in developing the manufacturing resource planning package. D) Stand-alone applications are a developed version of ERP. E) It makes the process of sharing information between business activities easier.

E) It makes the process of sharing information between business activities easier.

Which of the following statements is true about an online analytical processing server? A) It is a data structure allowing for multiple dimensions to be added to a traditional two-dimensional table. B) It groups related records together on the basis of having similar values for attributes. C) It allows you to make hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results. D) It uses reasoning methods based on knowledge about a specific problem domain in order to provide advice. E) It understands how data are organized in a database and has special functions for analyzing the data.

E) It understands how data are organized in a database and has special functions for analyzing the data.

Which of the following statements is true about an information system? A) Its primary purpose is to run the business on a current basis. B) It is primarily used by online customers, clerks, salespersons, and administrators. C) It consists of narrow and simple updates and queries. D) Its design goal is to enhance performance. E) Its design goal is to enhance ease of access and use.

E) Its design goal is to enhance ease of access and use.

Which of the following is an example of consumer-to-consumer electronic commerce? A) Niobi makes an online deposit of $5,000 into her friend's account. B) Heath buys a gift for Vanessa on Aniocride.com. C) Blanco, a manufacturer, conducts business over the Web with its retailers. D) Ashley buys a new pair of shoes on Fequette.com. E) Marty buys Lobsang's mountaineering equipment on Chieoke.com.

E) Marty buys Lobsang's mountaineering equipment on Chieoke.com.

Mike is at Jim's house and admires his digital music collection. He then downloads the entire collection for his own personal use. A) It is legal for Mike because he has Jim's agreement. B) Mike must pay Jim for the right to download the music. C) Mike can download the music if the value is less than $100. D) Mike commits a misdemeanor. E) Mike commits an ethical intellectual property violation.

E) Mike commits an ethical intellectual property violation.

The prediction that the number of transistors on a chip would double about every two years is known as ________. A) Megan's law B) Ashby's law C) Murphy's law D) Metcalfe's law E) Moore's law

E) Moore's law

________ focuses on the distribution of end products within the order-to-cash business process. A) Procure-and-pay process B) Sales and marketing activity C) Make-to-stock process D) Inbound logistics E) Outbound logistics

E) Outbound logistics

With respect to e-tailing, ________ can initiate certain actions, such as making a phone call to a sales representative or sending a text message to a pre-specified number. A) MaxiCodes B) CPC Binary Barcodes C) viral codes D) MSI barcodes E) QR codes

E) QR codes

Which type of innovation is best described as using the company's talent and assets in innovative ways? A) Process innovation B) Channel innovation C) Service innovation D) Brand innovation E) Structure innovation

E) Structure innovation

________ refers to the use of key performance indicators to monitor performance of the entire supply chain, including sourcing, planning, production, and distribution. A) Supply chain integration B) Supply chain optimization C) Supply chain strategy D) Supply chain visibility E) Supply chain analytics

E) Supply chain analytics

________ involves the development of various resource plans to support the efficient and effective production of goods and services. A) Requirement planning B) Supply chain analytics C) Requirement execution D) Supply chain networking E) Supply chain planning

E) Supply chain planning

________ is the process of decommissioning the current way of doing things and installing the new system in the organization. A) Reverse engineering B) System programming C) Adaptive maintenance D) Patch management E) System conversion

E) System conversion

A company needs a new information system to manage increasing customer orders and changing demands. The company's five-member information system (IS) team is competent and capable of developing a new system, but decides against developing a system in-house. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the company's decision? A) The company's preferred vendor is willing to provide a basic information system at a reduced rate. B) The company's IS team is short-staffed, and is finding it difficult to cope with increased work. C) The costs of outsourcing systems development are greater than those of adapting an off-the-shelf system. D) The company's IS department has the qualifications to develop the new system. E) The company's requirements for the new system are very specialized.

E) The company's requirements for the new system are very specialized.

Which of the following occurred in the 1958-1964 generation of computing? A) The internetworking era began. B) The personal computer era expanded. C) The interpersonal computing era ended. D) The interpersonal computing era began. E) The mainframe era expanded.

E) The mainframe era expanded.

Which of the following statements is true about exception reports? A) They help analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred. B) They are produced at predefined intervals to support routine decisions. C) They answer unplanned information requests to support a non-routine decision. D) They provide a summary of critical information on a recurring schedule. E) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range.

E) They highlight situations that are out of the normal range.

________ refers to extracting textual information from online documents. A) Web usage mining B) Web crawling C) Text mining D) Decision making E) Web content mining

E) Web content mining

Which of the following is an example of supply chain efficiency? A) Aubrey Express, a consultancy, focuses on providing superior service to its clients. B) Fyroff, an automobile manufacturing company, has high spare parts availability. C) Glassico, a soft drink manufacturing company, introduces a new soft drink flavor. D) Timeplz, a watch manufacturing company, positions itself as a prestige brand. E) Xenthix, an electronics company, sources its raw materials in ways that keep its costs low.

E) Xenthix, an electronics company, sources its raw materials in ways that keep its costs low.

Identify the policy that lists procedures for adding new users to systems and removing users who have left the organization. A) information policy B) use policy C) incident handling procedures D) disaster recovery plan E) account management policy

E) account management policy

People who maintain blogs are called ________. A) analysts B) testers C) developers D) readers E) bloggers

E) bloggers

How can the effectiveness of e-mail advertising campaigns be measured directly? A) by reflecting the percentage of visitors who actually perform the marketer's desired action B) by reflecting the number of surfers who click on an ad divided by the number of times it was displayed C) by creating use cases and business models to determine the ratio of the opened mails to the sent mails D) by conducting online polls, starting online forums, and collecting user feedbacks E) by including special links in the e-mail that allow tracking which e-mails the customers have opened or reacted to

E) by including special links in the e-mail that allow tracking which e-mails the customers have opened or reacted to

The term "podcasting" is a misnomer because podcasts ________. A) are concerned with the dissemination of information to a narrow audience B) cannot be played on Apple's iPods C) are not related to distribution of digital media for digital devices D) are concerned with outsourcing tasks to a large group of people or community E) can be played on a variety of devices in addition to Apple's iPods

E) can be played on a variety of devices in addition to Apple's iPods

An online retailer has finished creating a customer record. Identify the retailer's next step in an order-to-cash process. A) create order B) allocate stock C) pick, pack, and ship D) prepare and send invoice E) check customer's creditworthiness

E) check customer's creditworthiness

In e-business terminology, ________ companies are sometimes called "pure play companies." A) bricks-and-clicks B) click-and-mortar C) brick-and-mortar D) click-and-flip E) click-only

E) click-only

Which of the following types of information systems enables people to communicate, team up, and coordinate with each other? A) electronic commerce system B) geographic information system C) virtualization system D) intelligent system E) collaboration system

E) collaboration system

A major benefit of social software is the ability to harness the "wisdom of crowds" that is also referred to as ________. A) collaborative filtering B) preference elicitation C) creative commons D) consensus democracy E) collective intelligence

E) collective intelligence

Which of the following is used to describe the issues and standards of conduct as they pertain to the use of information systems? A) virtual ethics B) social informatics C) cyber security D) cloud computing E) computer ethics

E) computer ethics

Joe and Megan know how to use a computer. Which of the following describes this fact? A) computer knowledge worker B) expert computer user C) computer expert D) computer fluency E) computer literacy

E) computer literacy

The performance of a pay-per-click advertising model can be assessed by ________, which reflects the percentage of visitors who actually perform the marketer's desired action such as making a purchase. A) click fraud rate B) contextual search rate C) pop-up rate D) click-through rate E) conversion rate

E) conversion rate

People who break into computer systems with the intention of doing damage or committing a crime are called ________. A) bots B) white hats C) worms D) cyber spies E) crackers

E) crackers

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) extended components focus primarily on ________. A) customer relationship management and product lifecycle management B) product lifecycle management and supply chain management C) customer relationship management and human capital management D) human capital management and supply chain management E) customer relationship management and supply chain management

E) customer relationship management and supply chain management

A ________ is a data warehouse that is limited in scope. A) metadata repository B) compound data C) data model D) data entity E) data mart

E) data mart

Which of the following is an implication for firms that have a threat of new entrants into their market? A) increased cost B) reduced quality C) increased demand for services D) increased price E) decreased market share

E) decreased market share

Which of the following is the most accurate definition of a botnet? A) a fraudulent e-mail attack that targets a specific person or organization by personalizing the message B) spider software used by a search algorithm to crawl various Web sites to return a query C) a small text file passed to a Web browser on a user's computer by a Web server D) a common platform used by search engines to index the contents of a Web site E) destructive software robots working together on a collection of zombie computers via the Internet

E) destructive software robots working together on a collection of zombie computers via the Internet

Once the data model is created, the format of the data is documented in a data ________. A) warehouse B) entry C) mart D) domain E) dictionary

E) dictionary

The technological solution that allows publishers to control their digital media to discourage, limit, or prevent illegal copying and distribution is known as ________ management. A) digital analytics B) digital signature C) digital marketing D) digital radiography E) digital rights

E) digital rights

In online analytical processing systems, ________ provide a way to summarize the data. A) forms B) measures C) facts D) records E) dimensions

E) dimensions

The phenomenon of cutting out the "middleman" and reaching customers more directly and efficiently is known as ________. A) gentrification B) demutualization C) defalcation D) dissemination E) disintermediation

E) disintermediation

A ________ information flow relates to the information that is produced by a company and sent along to another organization. A) stand-alone B) legacy C) packaged D) custom E) downstream

E) downstream

Which of the following is a mechanism for consumer-to-consumer transactions? A) e-tailing B) e-integration C) e-filing D) e-tendering E) e-auctions

E) e-auctions

A(n) ________ is an integrated suite of business applications for virtually every department, process, and industry, allowing companies to integrate information across operations on a company-wide basis using one large database. A) legacy system B) management information system C) decision support system D) distributed software system E) enterprise system

E) enterprise system

At the ________ level of an organization, information systems provide key performance indicators (KPIs) that are focused on balancing performance across the organization. A) illusive B) operational C) tactical D) managerial E) executive

E) executive

To assist ________ decision making, information systems are used to obtain aggregate summaries of trends and projections of the future. A) managerial-level B) functional-level C) tactical-level D) operational-level E) executive-level

E) executive-level

A(n) ________ system coordinates business processes with customers, suppliers, and business partners of an organization. A) internally focused B) legacy C) stand-alone D) intermediary E) externally focused

E) externally focused

Social network analysis is a technique that attempts to ________. A) analyze large data warehouses to detect changes deemed important by a user B) analyze why a key indicator is not at an appropriate level or why an exception occurred C) discover hidden predictive relationships in the data D) allow hypothetical changes to the data associated with a problem and observe how these changes influence the results E) find groups of people who work together

E) find groups of people who work together

Which of the following characteristics of the Web deals with making the interaction with a Web site easier or more convenient? A) representational delight B) cost compliance C) structural firmness D) disintermediation capacity E) functional convenience

E) functional convenience

Which of the following is an example of an intangible benefit for a firm? A) lower transport and operational costs B) a significant increase in sales C) a reduction in operational errors D) cost reductions as compared to previous data E) improved customer perceptions of the firm

E) improved customer perceptions of the firm

The hardware and software that must be implemented to support the applications that the primary activities use are a part of the ________ activities. A) human resources B) technology development C) procurement D) inbound logistics E) infrastructure

E) infrastructure

With respect to the types of information systems used in organizations, an automated system for analyzing bank loan applications is an example of a(n) ________ system. A) geographic information B) electronic commerce C) social software D) visualization E) intelligent

E) intelligent

Which of the following is a collaboration management tool that is used to facilitate virtual or collocated meetings? A) Internet forums B) video conferencing C) blogs D) fax E) intranets

E) intranets

With respect to computer networks, a typical ________ network has a bandwidth of 10 Mbps to 1 Gbps. A) personal area B) metropolitan area C) wide area D) campus area E) local area

E) local area

In the ________ process, raw materials, subcomponents, and accessories are procured based on forecasts, but actual manufacturing does not start until sales orders are received. A) order-to-cash B) procure-to-pay C) make-to-stock D) acquire-to-dispose E) make-to-order

E) make-to-order

What is the term that represents the principle that all Internet data should be treated the same? A) digital rights management B) Internet equality C) Internet data security D) Digital Data Act E) net neutrality

E) net neutrality

The concept of the Long Tail refers to a focus on ________. A) brand evangelism B) broad markets C) generic brands D) brand dilution E) niche markets

E) niche markets

The suffix ".org" is reserved for ________. A) governmental entities B) commercial organizations C) network organizations D) educational institutions E) non-profit organizations

E) non-profit organizations

Assembly processes are ________ activities. A) outbound logistics B) marketing and sale C) customer sales D) administrative and marketing E) operations and manufacturing

E) operations and manufacturing

Which of the following best explains the process of moving business processes or tasks to another company? A) offshoring B) liquidating C) cloud computing D) downsizing E) outsourcing

E) outsourcing

Some search engines offer to elevate a page's position in the organic results after paying a fee. This is known as ________. A) paid analysis B) e-reintermediation C) e-subscription D) e-information E) paid inclusion

E) paid inclusion

The several processes associated with the acquiring of goods from external vendors are collectively referred to as the ________ process. A) make-to-stock B) make-to-order C) order-to-cash D) plan-to-produce E) procure-to-pay

E) procure-to-pay

The key use of the order promising module of supply chain management is to ________. A) work with partners across the supply network to improve accuracy of demand forecasts, reduce inventory buffers, and improve customer service B) monitor key performance indicators to assess performance across the supply chain C) manage logistics between company locations or from company to customers, taking into account transportation modes and constraints D) assign optimal safety stock and target stock levels in all inventories in the supply network E) provide answers to customer relationship management queries regarding product availability, costs, and delivery times

E) provide answers to customer relationship management queries regarding product availability, costs, and delivery times

In information systems management, a systems consultant is responsible for ________. A) analyzing business requirements and selecting information systems that meet those needs B) coding, testing, debugging, and installing programs C) auditing information systems for compliance with internal and external standards D) managing security measures and disaster recovery E) providing information systems knowledge to external clients

E) providing information systems knowledge to external clients

Processing logic is often expressed in ________, which is independent of the actual programming language being used. A) semantics encoding B) prefix code C) source code D) semiotics E) pseudocode

E) pseudocode

Digital dashboards provide the decision makers with a quick overview of key performance indicators and other key operational statistics and trends. This usage model is known as ________ reporting. A) exception B) pull C) ad hoc D) drill-down E) push

E) push

Receiving the goods is followed by ________ in the procure-to-pay process. A) settling the payment B) negotiating the price and terms C) issuing the purchase order D) creating the order E) receiving the invoice

E) receiving the invoice

A ________ is a collection of related attributes about a single instance of an entity. A) bot B) form C) query D) field E) record

E) record

Which of the following types of information systems facilitates collaboration and knowledge sharing? A) visualization system B) word processor C) intelligent system D) electronic commerce system E) social software

E) social software

Which of the following portrays the improved product development benefit of a customer relationship management (CRM) system? A) learning how each customer defines product and service quality so that customized product, pricing, and services can be designed or developed collaboratively B) providing product information, sales status, support information, issue tracking, and so on C) providing integrated information that removes information handoffs, thereby speeding both sales and support processes D) enabling improved record keeping and efficient methods of capturing customer complaints that help to identify problems faster E) tracking customer behavior over time that helps to identify future opportunities for product and service offerings

E) tracking customer behavior over time that helps to identify future opportunities for product and service offerings

In the context of business-to-business marketplaces, the term ________ refer to the markets that comprise of firms operating within a certain industry sector. A) market segmentations B) share markets C) market paradigms D) horizontal markets E) vertical markets

E) vertical markets

The combination of various analysis techniques and interactive visualization to solve complex problems is known as ________. A) security analysis B) digital analysis C) social network analysis D) concept analytics E) visual analytics

E) visual analytics

How does getting help from outside experts contribute to an enterprise's resource planning success?

Enterprise systems are complex. Even the most talented IS departments can struggle in coming to grips with ERP, customer relationship management, and supply chain management applications. Most vendors have trained project managers and experienced consultants to assist companies with installing enterprise systems. Using consultants tends to move companies through the implementation more quickly and tends to help companies train their personnel on the applications more effectively.

The network effect refers to the notion that the value of a network is based on the number of networks being used. T/F

False

The technical area of competency of an IS professional is the easiest to maintain in the digital world because of the huge popularity of individual technologies.

False

Vendors are required by law to respect the privacy of people who make Web purchases.

False

Explain the concept of collective intelligence with examples.

One major benefit of social software is the ability to harness the "wisdom of crowds," or collective intelligence. The concept of collective intelligence is based on the notion that distributed groups of people with a divergent range of information and expertise will be able to outperform the capabilities of individual experts. This is demonstrated by the online encyclopedia Wikipedia, which is entirely based on its users' contributions. Likewise, open source software is another example of the power of collective intelligence. High-quality software such as the Firefox Web browser, the Linux operating system, or the OpenOffice productivity suite are created by thousands of volunteers located all over the world. For organizations, making effective use of the collective intelligence of their employees, customers, and other stakeholders can prove extremely valuable. In addition to the benefits of harnessing the wisdom of crowds, societal changes (brought about by globalization, increasing wealth and consumerism, and the Web) are increasingly changing the way in which organizations interact with internal and external stakeholders.

Explain social media marketing with an example.

One relatively recent trend in Internet marketing is harnessing the power of social media, such as the social networking site Facebook. More and more people rely on social media to stay in contact with their friends or business associates, so including such sites in the interactive marketing mix is a natural move for companies. In addition to placing display ads on such sites, companies increasingly use social networking sites for interactive communication with their customers. For example, the Coca-Cola Company has created a page on Facebook, allowing it to interact with its over 82 million "fans" (i.e., Facebook users who "like" the page) in various ways; Coke's fans can download free virtual goodies, can upload pictures related to everything Coke, or can use interactive applications. By creating this page, Coke can build strong relationships with a large group of its target customers. Similarly, people can follow Coke on Twitter or visit Coke's channel on the video sharing site YouTube. A recent trend for companies is establishing "social media listening centers" to feel the pulse of public opinion across a variety of social media

Discuss three of the downsides and dangers of using social media applications.

Online Product Reviews: Before making a key purchase, many buyers will look at product reviews online. The problem here is that these reviews may be biased, created by the companies themselves or be misleading in other ways. Microblogging: While microblogging can be used carefully, it can also be used in harmful ways. Social Networks: Maintaining a page on a social network is not free for organizations; thus, they need to take great care to monitor what is happening on the page and take action when necessary. Bad Vibes Going Viral: Organizations need to make things right with customers when a legitimate complaint is placed. If not, then that customer can post a negative response about that company and it invariably goes viral to thousands of people. Lessons Learned: Negative publicity can travel quickly; thus, organizations need to act in a positive manner or the consequences can be devastating. Societal Impacts of Social Media: Social media have provided people with far wider access to information and have democratized content creation. Yet, the downsides can result in many people being able to create content that isn't always positive or correct.

Describe online analytical processing.

Online analytical processing (OLAP) refers to the process of quickly conducting complex, multidimensional analyses of data stored in a database that is optimized for retrieval, typically using graphical software tools. OLAP tools enable users to analyze different dimensions of data beyond simple data summaries and data aggregations of normal database queries. The chief component of an OLAP system is the OLAP server, which understands how data is organized in the database and has special functions for analyzing the data. The use of dedicated databases allows for tremendous increases in retrieval speed. OLAP systems preaggregate data so that only the subset of the data necessary for the queries is extracted, greatly improving performance.

How is the concept of tagging related to social cataloging?

Social cataloging is the creation of a categorization system by users. Contributors build up catalogs regarding specific topics such as academic citations, wireless networks, books and music, and so on. Closely related to social cataloging is tagging, or manually adding metadata to media or other content. Whereas certain metadata about documents or media files is captured automatically, there are various other important pieces of information that are not automatically captured, such as the topic of a document or the names of people in a picture. Tagging is the process of adding such metadata to pieces of information. Tags are commonly added to pictures and videos on Web sites.

Describe the steps in the external acquisition process for information systems.

Systems planning and selection: Systems analysis Development of a request for proposal Proposal evaluation Vendor selection

Explain the different electronic commerce (EC) business strategies.

• Brick-and-mortar business strategy—Companies following this business strategy choose to operate solely in the traditional physical markets. These companies approach business activities in a traditional manner by operating physical locations such as retail stores and not offering their products or services online. • Click-only business strategy—Companies following this business strategy (i.e., virtual companies) conduct business electronically in cyberspace. These firms have no physical store locations, allowing them to focus purely on EC. In e-business terminology, click-only companies are sometimes called "pure play companies," focusing on one very distinct way of doing business. • Click-and-mortar business strategy—Firms pursuing this strategy choose to operate in both physical and virtual arenas. This business strategy is also referred to as the bricks-and-clicks business strategy.

Describe some methods of requirements collection during systems analysis.

• Interviews • Questionnaires • Observations • Document analysis • Joint application design